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Immigration and Urbanization. Turning America into a “Melting Pot”. Immigration. "Old" Immigrants. “New” Immigrants. Protestants from northern and western Europe Irish and Germans Adopted the American culture (assimilated) Families came to stay Had money, were skilled and were educated. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Immigration and Urbanization
Turning America into a “Melting Pot”
"Old" Immigrants “New” Immigrants
Protestants from northern and western Europe Irish and Germans
Adopted the American culture (assimilated)
Families came to stayHad money, were
skilled and were educated
Catholics and Jews from southern and eastern Europe Italy, Greece, Poland,
Hungary and RussiaDidn’t assimilate as quicklyBirds of passage: making
money then going back homeCame aloneNo money and no skillsSettled in cities
Immigration
Southern Europe:
New Immigrant
s
Northern Europe:
Old Immigrants
Eastern Europe:
New ImmigrantsWestern
Europe: Old
Immigrants
Why Leave Home?
Push Factors: things happening at home that are bad Famine Low crop prices Religious
persecution…but still get some of that in America
Pull Factors: things attracting immigrants to America Plentiful land and
employment “The American Dream” Meet up with other
family members Political and religious
freedom
The Journey
Only brought what they could carry…looked poorShip was crowded and dirtyChinese immigrants landed on Angel Island…
not as accepting as Ellis Island was of European immigrants…stayed weeks for inspections
Upon arrival immigrants would be processed to make sure they could stay in America…this happened on Ellis Island Medical inspections Legal inspections Few were turned away but could be the end of the road for
others
Ellis Island Inspections
Angel Island Inspections
Life in America
Took jobs in factories because they were unskilled, provided cheap labor…fueled nativism
Settlement Houses were established to help these immigrants be “Americanized”…learn English, American dress, diet and culture Jane Addams established many of these homes,
Hull HouseAmusement Parks and Spectator Sports emerge
Coney Island (rollercoaster's) Baseball, football, boxing, horse racing
Many immigrants were too poor to move out of cities Formed ethnic neighborhoods called “ghettos”
with people who shared their language, religion and culture
Hostility
Nativism: belief that native-born Americans were superior to immigrants Fueled by job and housing competition as well as
religious (Catholic and Jews) and cultural differencesExtreme Nativism led to the Chinese
Exclusion Act Prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers Limited the rights of Chinese in America Would not give citizenship to Chinese First time immigration had been restricted
UrbanizationA time in which America
experienced a dramatic growth in cities and people living in them
Occurred in the Midwest along rivers, the Northeast and on the Pacific Coast (connected to RR)
Jobs could be found as well as new forms of entertainment and opportunities
Cities were more glamorous than rural areas
Migration
African Americans leave the south to move North and West (Great Migration)
Many farmers move to cities (rural to urban)
Life was completely different: Indoors, dark Fast pace routine/schedule Paid in cash Life was more exciting
Technologies Improve CitiesBuild parks as getaways
Frederick Law Olmstead built NYC’s Central Park Really only made it for the wealthy class
Architecture: Skyscrapers were built thanks to steel Elisha Otis invented the elevator
Mass Transit: public systems that could carry large numbers of people cheaply Electric trolleys Some cities use subways to remove congestion Used mainly by upper and middle class that lived
in suburbs and could afford the fares
Problems with UrbanizationMajority are poor in the city so they live close enough
to work to walk…overcrowding occursMost lived in dumbbell tenements (low cost family
housing designed to squeeze as many families in as possible) Entire family lives in one room Few windows Dangerous because their was no ventilation
Problems with Urbanization
Crime: ethnic and racial tensions erupt, gangs form Need paid police force
Fire: fireplaces and gas lights could quickly burn an entire block Need firefighters
Sanitation: alleys were clogged with trash Tenements had not been updated with
indoor plumbing Government starts to lay sewage and
bring in water from reservoirs
Attempts to Solve the Problems
Jacob RiisCompiled a
photo collection called “How the Other Half Lives”
Documented the horrible conditions of slum housing in NYC
Gospel of Wealth: Promoted by
Andrew Carnegie Suggested that the
wealthy should be charitable and philanthropists instead of just accumulating huge masses of wealth