IMC, Mumbai19th November, 2015

Research advances in Pulses

Population of the Country is expected to exceed 169 cr by 2050

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Population in Million

1225 1302 1378 1450 1518 1583 1641 1694 NaN

100500900

13001700

Population in Million

Num

ber i

n M

illio

n

Rate of growth of population will decline from 1.25% to 0.55 %

Pulses– projected consumption demand expected to exceed 32 million Mt from current 23 million Mt

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Demand in Mn Mt

23.25 24.71 26.14 27.52 28.82 30.04 31.15 32.14 NaN

2.5

12.5

22.5

32.5

Demand in Mn Mt

Mn

Mt

Based on the ICMR recommendation of 52 gm per capita per day

• India accounts for 35% of the global area under Pulses producing about 27% of the global volume

• Production: 18-19 Million tonnes (39% being chickpea) • Consumption: 22-23 Million tonnes • Imports: 3.5-4.0 Million tonnes• Import value : about 2.3 Bn US$ (~ Rs. 14000 Cr)• Production is slow to grow and the consumption is

increasing

India : Largest global importer of Pulses

5

Productivity of pulses in India is amongst the lowest

Pigeon pea and Chickpea account for about 65% of the total pulses produced in the country

Pulse / Year

2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Pigeon pea 3.02 3.17 2.75

Chick pea 8.83 9.53 8.28

Moong 1.18 1.61 1.39

Urad 1.94 1.70 1.61

others 3.32 3.78 4.6

Total 18.34 19.78 18.43

Figs. Of production in Million Mt

7

Pigeonpea

Pigeon pea area, production and productivity 2012-13

Country Area (ha) Production (Tons) Yield (Kg/ha)

World 62,31,862 46,79,936 7510

India 46,50,000 30,22,700 6500

Myanmar 6,50,000 8,00,000 12308

Tanzania 2,87,182 2,47,387 8614

Malawi 2,17,068 2,87,983 13267

Kenya 1,44,218 73,183 5074

Source: www.faostat.com/2013

Area : 3.38 m ha

Production : 2.75 m t

Productivity : 800-900 kg/ha

Major states in India :

Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat

Source: www.ICRISAT.org

Indian Scenario

1974 - Search of male-sterility system

1979 - First Genetic Male-sterile (GMS) line developed

1991 - First GMS based hybrid ICPH 8 was released

2004 - Cytoplasmic-genetic male-sterility systems (CMS)

2009 - At ICRISAT, three cytoplasm sources are available

Advances made for hybridization

C. sericeus C. scarabaeoidesC. cajanifolius

A1A2 A4

Cytoplasm sources

• First consortia partner with ICRISAT to fund program

• A4 CMS system is named as Dr. Barwale CMS system

• Tested hybrids with medium duration maturity

Mahyco’s contribution in Hybrid Pigeonpea

• Stability of the CMS system

• Heterosis range on farmers field

• Fertility restorer availability

• Reduced honey bee activity due to chemicals

Bottlenecks with Hybrid Pigeonpea

• Pod borer complex 40-60% • Wilt 10-15%• Sterility mosaic 10-15%• Pod fly complex 10-50%

Pigeonpea - Major causes for yield losses

• ICRISAT – Hybrids and transgenic

• IIPR – Hybrids and varieties

• National institutes and Universities – Stability of

CMS / new sources

• Private organizations – Hybrids / varieties

Institutes working on Pigeonpea

List of promising hybrids developed by ICRISAT

Sr. no ICPH no Yield (kg/ha) Standard heterosis (%)

1 3371 3013 62

2 3491 2919 57

3 3497 2686 44

4 3481 2637 41

5 3494 2596 39

6 2740 2900 57

7 3762 3000 62

8 2671 2509 37

9 Check 1864 -

SEm ± 205.7 -

Mean 2448.1 -

CV (%) 11.9 -

Source: Saxena 2015: Indian J. Genet., 75(3): 279-293

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Chickpea

Chickpea area, production and productivity 2012-13

Country Area (ha) Production (Tons) Yield (Kg/ha)

World 1,35,70,375 1,31,18,699 9667

India 96,00,000 88,32,500 9201

Pakistan 9,91,951 7,51,223 7573

Australia 5,73,600 8,13,300 14179

Iran 5,50,000 2,95,000 5364

Turkey 4,23,557 5,06,000 11946

Source: www.faostat.com/2013

Chickpea - Major causes for yield losses

Chickpea• Pod borer 10-90%• Wilt/root rot 20-25%

Source: NCIPM

20

Extensive pod damage on non-Bt plants with late instar H. armigera larvae

Effective control on Bt plants

Bt Chickpea can help us reduce growing import dependence in Pulses

Rationale for Bt Chickpea

India is the largest producer of chickpea in the world and

accounts for more than 60 % of the area harvested.

India imports about 9.5 lakh (2014) tonnes of chickpea

The area under chickpea occupies about 39% of the total

pulses consumed in India.

Lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera or pod borer is the

most devastating insect pest of chickpea and may account up

to 40% of yield losses and losses of 100% has also been

reported.

Helicoverpa is difficult to control because of its high

fecundity, migratory behaviour, high adaptation to various

climatic conditions and development of resistance against a

range of insecticides.

Bt chickpea with cry2Aa gene provides an alternative

approach for pod borer management.

Bt Chickpea Trials

– Effectively protects the crop by control of Helicoverpa spp

– Provides yield gains of 25-40%

– Reduces costs on chemical application

– Benefits about 4 million of small farmers growing Chickpea

– Helps in Reduction of imports of pulses

Benefits of Bt Chickpea