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NASOFARINGsuperior: os sphenoidalis & proc. Os basillarisAnterior: choanae & palatum mollePosterior: vertebra cervicalisInferior: batas atas orofaringLINGKARAN WALDEYERLateral pharyngeal bandsFaringeal tonsilsLingual tonsilAdenoidTonsila palatinaJaringan limfatik fossa RosenmullerWhat is Waldeyers ring?The lymphoid tissue in thepharyngeal aponeurosisaggregates in some areasforming tonsils:1-one nasopharyngeal tonsil2- two palatine tonsils3- two lingual tonsils

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FARING

Anatomy of the pharynxCompartmentsNasopharynxOropharynxLaryngopharynx (Hypopharynx) Seen from behind7

NasopharynxOropharynxLaryngopharynx (Hypopharynx) Seen from lateral8Anatomy of The pharynx Site

Midline of the neckFrom skull base to esophagusIn front of upper 6 Cervical vertebraBehind :The NoseThe MouthThe larynxSeen from behind9Anatomy of The pharynx ShapeIrregular Fibromuscular tube lined by mucous membrane

Length: 15 cm

10 Anatomy of The pharynx Structure The wall is formed of 4 layers1-Mucous membrane2- pharyngeal aponeurosis3-muscle layer4-Bucco-pharyngeal fascia

Stratified squamous epithelium except the nasopharynx, it is pseudo-stratified with goblet cells

Loose connective tissue which contains lymphoid tissue that aggregates in some areas forming tonsils (Waldayers ring) Formed of 3 muscles, superior middle and inferior constrictor musclesA thin coat of connective tissue

11HypopharynxIt is subdivided into: Pyriform sinusPosterior pharyngeal wallPostcricoid regionThe glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves form a plexus that provides the motor and sensory innervation to the hypopharynx.Additionally, the vagal innervation to the pyriform sinus frequently results in referred pain to the ear mediated via Arnold's nerve.

12Nerve SupplyMotor --- X Except : Stylopharyngeus --IXTensor palati -- V

Sensory --Nasopharynx: VOropharynx: IXLaryngopharynx: X Autonomic:sympathetic: SCGParasympathetic: through VII 13