！ ！ "

ili欄Nｏ５９ lliJlHllm(！ 鎖

ＢＵＲＡＫＵＬ１ＢＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨ１ＮＳＴ１TUTE

1-6-12,Kuboyoshi,Naniwa-ku,OsakaCity,Ｓ５６Ｊａｐａｎ

Jａｎｕａｒｙｌ９９１

ＴｏｗａＩｄＦｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａＩＬａｗ行ⅡＢⅢaIⅢ

ＬｉｂｅＩＰａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＨｕｍａｎＲｉｇＭｓＰｒｏｔｅｃtｉｏｎ

WewitnessedlastyeartheunificatｉｏｎｏｆＧｅｒ‐

many，democratizationinEasternEurope，releaseof

NelsonMandela，vicepresidentoftheAfrican

Nationa]Congress,andlegaIizationofANCandother

democraticorganizationsinSouthAfrica，pursuitof

PerestroikaintheSovieｔＵｎｉｏｎａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｄｅｖｅｌop‐

ments・Underlyingthesewemustbeawareofthe

longaspirationsandstruggleｓｆｏｒｈｕｍａｎｒｉｇｈｔｓｐｒｏ‐

tectionthathavecontinuedsincethedaysofthe

FrenchDeclarationofHumanRightsthroughthe

UniversalDeclarationofHumanRights,thelnterna‐

tionalConvenants，HelsinkiAgreementandother

initiatives

TheUnitedNationsdesignatedtheyearl990as

thelnternationalLiteracyYearandcalledforactions

toeradicateilliteracyfｒｏｍａｌｌｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｂｙｔｈｅ

ｙｅａｒ２０00．InDecembertheUNadoptedaconven‐

tiontoprotecttherightsofforeignworkersandtheir

familymembers

Ontheothersidｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｉｎ,however,weobserve

deepeningethnicconfliｃｔｓｉｎｔｈｅＳｏｖｉｅｔＵｎｉｏｎ，perse‐

cutionofminoritiesinEasternEuropewheredemoc‐

ratizationisonthemoveandsimilardevelopmentsin

Germany，ＦｒａｎｃｅａｎｄｔｈｅＵＳ

Ｏｕｒａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅcomplicatedworldscenepro‐

videsthatdrasticsocialtransformatiolls，whencou‐

pledwithworseningeconomiccircumstancesand

difficultiesinlife，canreinforcediscriminationand

fil1allyleadtoregiona］wars・

ＩＩ１ｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｘｔｏｆｇｒｏｗｉｎｇｔｅｎｓｉｏnssurrounding

Japan,particularlythetradedisputesbeｔｗｅｅｎＪａｐａｎ

ａｎｄｔｈｅＵＳ，statismandnationalismaregrowing・

Weneedtojoinhandswithpeopleinsideandoutside

Japanwhoarestrugglingagainstdiscrimil]ation．

TheimplementationofprojectsundertheLawol1

SpecialFinallceMeasuresfortheArealmprovement

willｅｎｔｅｒｉｔｓｆｉｎａｌｙｅａｒｉｎＡｐｒｉｌＷｅｈａｖｅｓｅｅｎｓｏｎ１ｅ

ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｉｎＢｕｒａｋｕconditionsresultingfromthe

executionofBurakuimprovement（Ｄｏｗａ）measures

underaseriesofSpecialMeasuresLawsintbequar‐

tercenturysincetheReportoftheBｕｒａｋｕｌｍ‐

provementMeasuresCouncilofl965・Housillgpro‐

jects，constructionofcommunityhalls，wideningof

roadsandothermeasurestargetedatthebetterment

oflMngandenvironmentalconditionshavebeen

executed,roughly70％ofalltheplannedprojects・

ＴｈｅｒａｔｅｏｆａｄｖａｎｃｅｔｏｈｉｇｈｓｃｈｏｏｌａｍongBuraku

studentswasonlyaround30percent，abouthalfthe

natiOnalaverage，ａｔｔｈｅｔｉｍｅｏｆｔｈｅＲｅｌ)ortofl965・

Financialassistanceincludingscholarshipshasim‐

pｒｏｖｅｄｔｈｉｓｆｉｇｕｒｅｔｏｏｖｅｒ８０ｓｏmepercentafterl975・

Ｔｈｅｒｅｍａｉｎｎｉｎｇｇａｐｉｓａｂｏｕｔ６ｔｏ７ｐｅｒcent・

Equalemploymentopportunitiesaｒｅｖｉｔａｌｆｏｒｔｈｅ

ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＢｕｒａｋｕｉssues・Anincreasingnumberof

Bural<ｕｐｅｏｐ１ｅａｒｅｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｄａｓｃＭ１ｓｅｒｖａｎｔｓｉｎＩｏｃａｌ

ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓ．

~ＣＯＮＴＥＮＴＳ

Ｆ'/ﾉＭ""c"/(7／Ｌ(z〃んγＢﾉｨﾉ城Z（Ｍｗｚｚﾉﾉo〃ロノ／

〃/"ﾉ?"〃尺〈gﾉﾉﾉｓｌ/ＭルＧ７/ﾉzcﾉﾌﾞ"ｇ③／肋dZ/SIIﾉｙ

ｌ/Ｍｃ(ノＢ'"Y7ﾊﾉｲＣＤ"2"2z/"ｉＯノノbγＳ/zｍｌｙ(5)／６/ル

ノVl7/ﾉｨﾉﾉﾉα／Ｂ"ﾉY'た/／Ｌﾉﾙﾉtz/ｌＭＣ/M//zｲ、／nCS//zﾉα／

(6ﾉ／Ｌ//CﾉYzCvWlM〃(8)／ＢＬＲＩＷＳ/Ｍ

Ｍﾉﾉoﾉ'ﾉﾉﾉＣｓﾉﾉﾉ川Ｃａの

唖BURAKULlBERATlONNEWS

AI1othernoticeableeffectofthegrowingBuraku

liberatiollmovemel1tistheexpandingcircleofl)eople

committedtoBurakudiscrimil1atiollproblems、For

instal1ce，theCel1tralExecutiveCommitteｅｆｏｒｔｌｌｅ

ＬｅｇｉｓｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＦｕｎdamel]talLawforBuraku

Liberationconsistsofrepresentativesofreligious

organizations，Companies，laborunions，educators，

professors,learnedpeop1eandothersfromwidｅｓｏｃｉａｌ

ｌ)ackgrounds、

Wemustcallattention,however,ｔｏｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔ

ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｓｔｉ１Ｉｓｏｍａｎｙｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｙｅｔｔｏｂｅｔａｃｋ１ｅｄｉｎ

ｏｒdertobringafundamentalsolutionｔｏＢｕｒａｋｕ

ｌｓｓｕｅｓ

Ｆｏｒｉnstance，ａｂｏｕｔｌＯＯＯＢｕｒａｋｕｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ

ｈａｖｅreceivednoimprovementmeasuresyetwllile

somemeasureshavebeenimplementedintheother

46()３communities・Thisisaseriousproblenl

Moreover,ｗｅｆｉｎｄｏｕｔｅｖｅｒｙｙｅａｒｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｓｔｈａｔ

ｗｏｕｌｄｌｌｏｔｈｉｒｅｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓｏｆＢｕｒａｋｕｏｒｉｇｉｎ、Ｔｈｉｓｉｓ

ａｃｌｅａｒｖｉｏｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｏｆｅｑｕａｌｅｍｐｌｏｙment

opportunities・

Astoequaleducationalopportunities,ａｓｗｅｔａｋｅ

ｎｏｔｅｏｆｄｒｏｐｏｕｔｓ，thegapinhighschoolenrollment

beｔｗｅｅｎＢｕｒａｋｕａｎｄｌ]on-BurakustudentsisoverlO

percent・Ｔｈｅａｄｖａｎｃｅｒａｔｅｔｏｃｏｌｌｅｇｅｓａｎｄｕｎｉver‐

sitiesamongBurakustudentsisbelｏｗｈａｌｆｔｈｅ

ｌｌationalaverage

Evildiscriminatorygraffitiincidentsarefrequent‐

IyobservedDiscrimil1ationcaseｓｄｏｎｏｔｓｅｅｍｔｏｂｅ

ｃｅａｓｉｎｇ・Theytal<eplaceonoccasionsofmarriage

aｌ１ｄｅｍｐ１ｏｙｍｅｎｔａｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｕl1ities,workplaces

andschoo1s．

Ｔｈｉｓl]ewlawwillplayasignificantroletoallow

Japantojointhegloba1nlovementsagainstdiscrimi‐ natiol1andforhumanrightsprotectionansymbolized bythelnternationalCollvelltionontheE1iminatiol]ｏｆ

Ａｌ１ＦｏｒｍｓｏｆＤｉｓｃｒｉｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎａｎｄRacism．

Ｔｈｅｍｏｖｅｍｅｌｌｔｔｏｄｅｍａｌｌｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅtrialofthe

SayamacaseentereditsfifthyearlastAugustWe

aredeterlninedtomal〈ｅｔｈｅＴｏｋｙｏＨｉｇｈＣｏｕｒｔｔｏ

ｒｅ－ｅｘａｍｉｎｅevidenceandtostarttheretriall)rocess

whilerequestingforthel)aroleofMrlshikawa

becauseheisa1readyqualifiedtogetit・

Ｓｏｆａｒｒｅｔｒｉａｌｓhavebroughtverdictsofinnocence

ｆｏｒｆｏｕｒｉｎｄｉｖｉｓｕａｌｓｗｈｏｗｅｒｅｏｎｃｅｓentencedtodeath

OnJuly271astyearattheNagoyaHighCourtturned dowｎｔｈｅｄｅａｔｈｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅｉｎｔｈｅＹａｍａｎａｌ《acaseand

foundthedefendantil]nocent、Ｉｎｔｌ〕isparticularcase，

too,biasedandl)rejudicedassulnptionsmadel)olice authoritiescoercefaIseconfessionswhichledtoa

deathsentence・

JudicialauthoritiesinJapanhaveｔｏｍａｋｅａ

ｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｎｔｈｅｃausesoftheseseriesof

retrialcases、Policeprisonshavebeenusedasproxy

detentionceⅡsandproducedfalseconfessionsunder

coercionbypoliceofficers・Ｔhissystemmustbe

al)al]ｄｏｎｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｌｉｇｈｔｏｆｐｒｏｖｉｓｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｌｎｔｅｒｌ１ａ‐

tionalCovenantsonHumanRights・Thejurysystem

needstobeintroducedtoallowtheparticipatiol1of

ordinarypeopleinthecourtprocess・Theseand

otherdrasticmeasuresarewalltedTheretrialfor

theSayamaｃａｓｅｗｏｕ１ｄｂｅｒｅaIizedonlyinthecontext

ofoveralldemocratizationofthejudicialpractices．

ThepresidentoftheBurakuLiberationLeague，

Ｍｒ・Uesugisummarizesthepastmovementsand

arguesthatthestrugglesarenowenteringthetbird

phasewhenhesays,“Imaycharacterizethethirty‐

threeyearsfromthefoundingoftheLevelers'Associ‐

atiolltol955,theyeartheAssociationwasrenan]edas

BurakuLiberationLeague，asthedenunciatio町

orielltederaln1aycal］thefo11owingthirty-three

yearsunti］ｔｈｅｅｎａｃｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＳ１)ｅｃｉａｌＦｉｎａＩ１ｃｅＬａｗ

ａｓｔｈｅａｄｍｉｎｉｓtrativestruggle-orietnedera、The

thirdphaseoftheliberatiol１１]〕ovementisthecraof

joil]tstrugglesbothdomesticallvandinterl1atiol]ally

developinginl)arallelwiththehistoricalal〕dglobal

trel]dsforallti-discrimil1ation,！)eace,ｉｌ〕ternatiol]alism

anddemocracy.'，Tocarryoutthesedifficultmis‐

si()I]ｓｗｅｎｅｅｄｔｏｅｑｕｉｐｏｕｒｓｅｌｖｅｓｗｉｔｈａｓｏlidlibera‐

tiontheory．

Ａｒｅｗｅａｂｌｅｔｏｅｘｐｅｃｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓｅｔａｓｋｓｔｈａｔ

ｒｅｍａｉｎｗｉｌ］becompletedwithinoneyearbeforeｔｈｅ

Ｌａｗｅｘｐｉｒｅｓ？

Thecurrentlawprovidesl1omeasuresforthe

lO()()orsocommunitieswherel〕oprojectshavebeen

executed

AIso，thosemeasuresthatarebelievedtohave

importantbearillgontheattaiｎｍｅｎｔｏｆｅqua1educa‐

tiol]ａｌａｎｄｅｍｌ)1oymentoppOrtunitiesforBurakupeo-

plehavebeencontracted、Symbolicallygral]tschol‐

arshipswerechangedtoloanscholarshipswhenthe

Sl)ecialFinanceLawwasenacted・

Ｔｈｉｓｈａｒｄｒｅａ１ｉｔｙｏｆＢｕｒａｋｕｕｎｄｅｒｔhepresel1tlaw

callsforwideinitiativestoimprovelivin９，ｅｌ]vir‐ omel]ta1,work-I-elatedandeducatioI1alconditionsalld

toeducatepeopleawayfromprejudicel)ｙｅｌ]actil1gtIle FundamentalLawforBurakuLiberatiol】．

２

錘BURAKUUBERATlONNEWS

activediscussionsfortheirrights

TheBurakuLiberationResearchlnstitutecele．

bratesits23rdanniversarythisyear、Westrongly

wishtoreceivemuchsupportofourmembersand

otherfriendｓｆｒｏｍａｌｌｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄａｓｗｅｓｔｒｉｖｅｔｏ

Ｔｈｅｎｅｘｔｙｅａｒ，1992,willmarkthe70thanniver‐

saryoftheNationalLevelers'Associationandweare

encouragingactivedebatesandexchangesforthe

colnpleteliberationofBurakumiｎ．Ｔｈｅｙｅａｒｌ９９２

ｗｉｌｌｂｅａｌｓｏｔｈｅ５００ｔｈａnniversaryofthe`discovery'of

AmericabyColumbuswhenindigenouspopulations

al］overtheworldandminoritieswillbｅｅｎｇａｇｅｄｉｎ

meetthesechallenges

ＨｕｍａｎＲｉｇＭｓＷｅｅｋＧａｔｈｅｒｉｎｇｓＵＩｇｅｄ

Ｊａｐａｎ，sEariestRati汗icationo行Ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ

行ｏｒＥＩｉｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏ行RaciaIDiscriminations

GatheringswereheldinTokyo，Hiroshimaand

Osaka,ｏｎ３ｒｄ,７thandlOthofDecember,respectively，

tocommemoratethe42ndAnniversarｙｏｆｔｈｅＵｎｉｖｅｒ‐

salDeclarationofHumanRights・Keynotespeakers

inthesegatherinｇｓｗｅｒｅＤｒ・NatanLerner，professor

onlnternationalLawattheUniversityofTelAvivin

lsrael,andDrKarlJosefPartsch,ProfessorEmeritus

ollInternationaILawofBonnUniversityinGermany・

ＤｒＰａｒｔｓｃｈｓｅｒｖｅｄａｓａｍｅｍｂｅｒｏｆｔｈｅＣommitteeon

theEliminationOfRacialDiscriminationoftheUnited

Natｉｏｎｓｆｒｏｍｌ９７０ｔｏｌ９８９

Ｄｒ､LernerpaidatributetothePeaceMemomial

ParkinHimosｈｉｍａｏｎ６,December・Onthenextday

hevisitedaBurakuareainHiroshimacity,wherehe

exploredanactualitiesofBurakuminhousingand

slaughterhouseoperationandwasgivenvaluable

informationonthesematters・Ｏｎｔｈｅｅｖｅｎｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅ

ｓａｍｅｄａｙ，Ｄｒ・Lernergaveaspeechatthegathering

heldatHiroshimalnternationalConferenceHall

TatsukuniKomori，SecretaryGeneraloftheCentral

ExecutiveCommitteefortheUniversalDeclarationof

HumanRights,wasalsopresentatthegathering・

ＯｎＤｅｃｅｍｂｅｒｌＯ，DrLernerspokeinagathring

heldatNakanoshimaPublicHallinOsakaanｄｖｉ・

ｅｗｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌｔｅndenciesofhumanrightssitua‐

tionamlpointedupconffontingissuesonthemtoday． ，Ｄｒ，KarlPartschspokeatthegatheringsheldin

Kashiwaracity，ＮａｒａＰｒｅｆｅｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄＩｋｅｄａｃｉｔｙｉｎ

ＯｓａｋａＰｒｅｆｅｃｔｕｒｅｏｎ５ｔｈａｎｄｌＯｔｈｏｆＤｅｃember・Ｏｎ

ｌＯｔｈｏｆＤｅｃｅｍｂｅｒ，ProfessorKinhideMushakoji，

SecretaryGenera1ofｌＭＡＤＲｗａｓｉｎｖｉｔｅｄｔｏｇｉｖｅａ

ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌectureonhumanrightsissuesatKinｋｉＵｎｉｖｅｒ‐

ｓｉｔｙ．

Somefifteenhundredspeopleparticipatedon

bothgatheringsinHirosｈｉｍａａｎｄＯｓａｋａ,andaSouth

Africanfilm“Mapantura'，wasshown6rttheOsaka

gathering．

DrLerner'sspeechinOsakaandDrPartsch'ｓ

ｓｐｅｅｃｈｉｎＴｏｋｙｏｍａｙｂｅｓｕｍｍａｒｉｚｅｄａｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｓ：

ProfessorLernerstartedbypointingoutthat

despitethenewliberalclimateinEasternEuropean

states,ｓｕｃｈｃｌｉｍａｔｅａｌｓｏｏｐｅｎｅｄｔｈｅｄｏｏｒｔｏallkindof

regressiveandracisttrendsOntheotherhand，the

ConventｉｏｎｏｎｔｈｅＥｌｉｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆＡｌｌＦｏｒｍsofRacial

Discrimination,almostaquarterofacenturyafterits

adoptioninl965,ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒａｔｉｆｉｅｄｂｙａｓｍａｎｙａｓｌ２８

ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓａｎｄｎｏｗｓｈｏｗｓａｂｒｏａｄａｎｄｎｅａrlyuniversal

characterinitscontentsandobjectives・Ratification

andimplementationoftheConventionrequiresincor．

３

⑲BURAKUUBERAT10NNEWS

Ｄｒ､Lernerclosedhisspeechemphasizingthat

nowtheworldinundergoinggreatrevolutinary

chal]geswheretheColdWarwithitsmajorconflicts

intheworldisactuallyending,andhopingforaworld

offorma］ａｎｄｒｅａｌｅｑｕａｌｉｔｙｐｕｔｔｉｎｇａｎｅｎｄｔｏｓtill

existingotherconflicts．

I〕orati()ｌ１ｓｏｆｉｔｓｐｒｏｖｉｓｉｏｎｓｉｌ]totheinternallegislation

accordingtoeachratifyingcountry'scollstitution,alld

inmal〕ycoul1tries,thisiscontributingtotheelimina・

ｔｉｏｌ１ｏｆｔｈｅｓｏｃｉａｌｅｖｉｌｏｆdiscrimination・

AstheConventionisbroad1yconceｉｖｅｄａｎｄ

ｗ()rded，ｉｔｃｏｖｅｒｓａｎｄｓｅｅｍｓｔｏｂeapplicab]etosuch

discriminationofmarginalcaseswherenodoubt

existsdiscrimination・InJapan,ｓｕｃｈdiscriminations

againstBurakumi、，Ainu，KoreanresidentsandFor‐

eignorMigrantWorkerswouldbetheobjectsofthe

Convention・

AsfortheArticle4whichprohibitsincitementof

discrimination，althoughfreedomofspeechshouldbe

defendedverycarefuI1y，therearealsoothersocial

valuesthatcannotbeblind1ysubordinatedtofreedom

ofspeechTherefore,themoderninternationalhuman

rightslawviewsthatfreedomofspeechandassocia‐

tionaresubjecttocertainrestrictionsnecessaryand

cannotbeutilizedtojustifythediscriminatoryacts

andexpressions・Examplesofanumberofcountries

alreadyratifiedtheConventionandnotcontradicting

thesetwoprinciples，withtheviewasmentioned

above,shou]ｄｂｅｖｅｒｙｕｓｅｆｕＬ

ＯｎｔｈｅｍａｔｔｅｒｏｆｉｍｐｌementationoftheConven‐

tｉｏｎ，thereportingsystemisworkingeffectivelybut

the･processisveryslowinacceptanceoｆｏｐｔｉｏｎａｌ

Ａｒｔｉｃｌｅｌ４ｏｎｉｎｄＭｄｕａｌｐｅtitionsthatonlyfewcoun‐

trieshaveacceptedthisarticle・

A1soregrettedisthattheCommitteｅｏｎｔｈｅＥｌｉｍｉ‐

natiollofRacialDiscriminatiol1ismeetinglessfre‐

quentlybecauseoffinancialreasons,andovercoming

ofsuchdifficultieswiththesupportofStatepartiesis

lleededtoeiIsuretheregularanｄｎｏｒｍａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ

ｏｆｔｈｅＣＥＲＤ、

Acomprehensiveandinterdisciplinaryprogram

tofightracismandralatedscourges,withthefollow‐

ingmainingredientsisnecessary；１．Lawdeclaring

clealyandunequivocallythattheevilofdiscsimina‐

tioniswrongandprohibited;２．Educationｔｏｂｅ

ｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｄｉｎａｎｏｖｅｒａｌｌｅｆｆｏｒｔａgainstsuchevilin

schools,academicinstitutionsandpowerfulcommuni‐

ｃａｔｉｏｌ１ｓｍｅｄｉａｉ３、Democracyasabasicconditionfor

thestruggleagainstracismwithacarefu］avoidance

ofdangersofabusing・ｔｈｅｎｅｗｃｌｉｍａｔｅｏｆｆｒｅｅｄｏｍｉｎ

ｔｈｅｔｒａnsitionfromdictatorship；４SocialHarmony

withthecoherentandconstructivebalancebetween

therightsandduties；５．AffirmativeActionprograms

bythesocietyandtheState，topositivelycorrect

prejudicesandunfairtreatmentwheretheyexist；ａｎｄ

ｆｉｎａ１ｌｙ，６．Recognitionoflnteractionsbetweenracial

ori11ter-grouppeaceandinternationa］peace．

DrKarlJosefPartsch,inhisspeechgivenatthe

gatheringｉｎＴｏｋｙｏｏｎ３Ｄｅｃｅｍｂｅｒ,concentratinghis

subjecttotheConventionontheEliminationofAll

FormsofRacialDiscrimination，saidtheConvention

isonlydedicatｅｄｔｏｏｎｅｏｆｆｏｕｒｃｒｉｔｅｒｉａｂａｎｎｅｄｉｎｔhe

UnitedNationsCharter-race，ｓｅｘlanguageand

religion-namely“race''・TheArticleloftheConven‐

tiondefines“racial''withbasisonrace,color,descent

andnationalorethnicorigin,anddefineStheconcept

ofdiscrimination“asanydistinction，exclusion，

restrictionorpreferencebasedon'’ｓｕｃｈ“racial''ｅ１ｅ・

mentｓ“whichhasthepurposeoreffectofnullifyingor

impairingtherecognition,enjoymentorexercise,on

anequalfooting，ofhumanrightsandfundamental

freedomsinthepolitical,economic,social,culturalor

anyotherfieldsofpubliclife.”

Theactionoromissionofdiscriminationmustnot

necessarilycomeoutｏｆState、Ｉｔｍａｙａｌｓｏｂｅｃｏｍ‐

ｍｉｔｔｅｄｂｙａｓｏｃｉａｌｇｒｏｕｐｏｒｂｙａ、individual,whichthe

Stateisobligedtoprevent・Secondly，theactionof

discriminationisnotalwaysnlotivatedexclusivelyby

seeminglyracialreasons；Ｔｈｅｙｍａｙｂｅｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄ

ｅｖｅｎｗｉｔｈｓｕｃｈｌegitimatecausesaspatrioticfeelings・

Thirdlｙ，“humanrightsandfundamenta1freedoms'，

arenotdefinedbyareferencetoolleandonlyillterna‐ tiol1alinstrumentsuchastheUniversalDeclaration

butwithallothｅｒｉｎｓｔｒｕｍｅｎｔｓｂｙｔｈｅＵＮ，theUN

specialagenciesandregionalconferencesorevenbya

Constitutｉｏ町Iａｗｓｏｒｃｕｓｔｏｍａｒｙｌａｗｏｆｏｎｅｃｏｕ'1try．

４

職 BＵＲＡＫＵＬｌＢＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＮＥＷＳ

TheConventiollimposesStatesParties，ａｍ()llg

others，ａｎobligationtodesignpreventivemeasures

againstracia1conflicts,thatthedissemination,aswell

asspol1soringofsuchact,ｏｆsuchideaasadvocating

thesuperioｒｉｔｙｏｆｏｎｅｒａｃｅｏｖｅｒｏｔｈｅｒｓｉｓｎｏｔｏｎly

condemnedbuthastobepenalized，ｔhoughwithdue

regardtofreedomofexpression・

Totakepromptandeffectivemeasurestocombat

prejudiceswhichIeadtoracia1discriminationis

important、Ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐ１ｅ,ａｃａｒｅｆｕｌｒｅｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｆｓｃｈｏｏｌ

ｂｏｏｋｓｂyeliminatingexcessivepraisesofpatriotic

eventswithdangerousovertonesofdespiseordisdain

forformerenemies、

AIsoimportantistheroleofmonitoringthe

ilnplementationbyStatePartiesofConvention，ｔｈｅ

ＣｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｏｎｔｈｅＥ１ｉｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆRacialDiscrimina‐

tion,comprisedofl8expertmemberswithindMdual

statuselectedbytheStatePartiesamongtheir

ｎａｔｉｏｌ]als,isprovided・ThefunctionsoftheCommit‐

ｔｅｅａｒｅｔｈｅｅｘａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｌｌｏｆｐｅｒｉodicrepol-tfrolnState

Parties，theconsiderationofcommunicatioｎｓｆｒｏｍ

ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓａｎｄｏｆｉｎｔｅｒｓｔａtecommunications・The

reportingsystem，however，ismostsignificant・

A1thoughStatePartiesmadetheirfirstreportswithil1

ayearaftertheConventioncameinforce,ｓｏｍｅｏｆｔｌ]e

reportssubmittedwerequitesimplethattheGuide‐

Ｉｉｎｅｓｗｅｒｅｓｅｔｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｔｙｌｅｏｆｒｅｐｏｒts・Withthe

reportsystemandachangeinpoIitica1climate

broughtaboutdecreaseofdiscriminationillEuropean

countrieswithcertainexceptions、Theintroduction

ofdemocraticprinciplesinsomeareasmadetherele‐

ｖａｎｔｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｍoreeasilyapparent

Concludinghisspeech,Ｄｒ・Partschsaidthatthere

1isnodouｂｔｔｈａｔｓｔｉｌｌｍｕｃｈｈａｓｔｏｂｅｄｏｎｅ,eventhough

achangeingeneralpoliｔｉｃａｌｃｌｉｍａｔｅｉｓｔｈｅｋｅｙｆｏｒｔｈｅ

ｉｍｐｒovementforhumallrightssituatio、．

TheIndustriaIFederation庁Ｃｌ′ＨｕｍａｎＲｉｇＭｓ，

TokyoVisitedan‘`Ｕｎａｕｔｈｏｒｉｚｅｄ，’Ｂｕｒａｋｕ

ＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｉｎＫｉＩｙｕＣｉｔｙ

Kiryubranch,inthemorningtheysawnarrowroads，

poorhousingincrowdedareasandpost-humous

BuddistnamesellgravedｏｎｔｏｍｂｓｉｎａＢｕｒａｋｕ

ｃｅｍｅｔｅｒｙ，ａｐ１ａｃｅａ１ｗａｙｓｆｌｏｏｄｅｄｂｙｒａｉｎ・

Intheafternoon，theyweretoldaboutother

Burakucommunitiesinthecity(ｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｌＯＯＯｆａｍ‐

ilieslivingin9places）whichhavenotbeenautho‐

rizedlnthesecommunitiestherearemanymother‐

child(father1ess)families,manypeoplelivingonwel‐

fareandahighpercentageofhighschooldropouts・

Inaddition，thereareoftendiscriminatoryremarks

and,ifdiscriminatorygraffitiarefoundinschooLthe matterisnotconsideredFuthermore，ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ

ａｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＫｉｒｙｕＣityhasreportedthatthere

arenoBurakucommunitiesinthecity，theyare

dellouncedseverely．

ＯｎＯｃｔｏｂｅｒ８，1990,ｔhelndustrialFederationfor

HumanRights，Tokyovisitedan“unauthorized”

BurakucommunityinKiryu-city,Gunmaprefecturein

ordertolearnabouttheactualsituationThe30

participantsalsoincludedMrRyozoAida，president ofthefederationandamanagingdirectorofNibon

ＫｏｇｙｏＢａｎｋＴｈｅｙａｒｅａｌｓｏｍｅｍｂｅｒｓｏｆtheCentral CommitteeofFundamentalLawforBurakuLibera‐

tionandtheirorganizationisalsoactingasvice‐

presidentofthecommittee・

Afteraninspectiontheydeepenedtheiraware‐

nessoftheconditionsofdiscriminationandfeltthe

urgel1tllecessiｔｙｆｏｒｔｈeadministrationandthenation totheresponsibilitvoflegislatingｌａｗｓ、ＬｅｄｂｙＢＬＬ

(BurakuLiberationLeague）memberｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｈｅａｄ

ｑｕａｒｔｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅＧｕｎｍａprefecturalassociationandthe

５

駐BURAKULlBERATlONNEWS

FestivaIo行Ｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｅ

ＧｔｈＮａｔｉｏｎａＩＢｕｒａＩⅢＬｉｂｅｒａｔｉｏｎＣｕＩｔⅢaＩ

FestivaIStaged

cal1I1otreadandwritecharactersbutaproblel]］of

peol)Ｉｅｗｈｏｌ〈nowletters、Thiswasasharpcriticism

oftheculture，basedonletters,whichhasarrogantly ol)pressedpeol)Ie・Thecol1tentsofthedramainclud‐

edsuchseveresubjectsthatinthefｏｒｍｏｆｔｈｅｎｅｘｔ

ｗｏｒｌｄｔｈｅｙｗｅｒｅｅｘｐｒｅsｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｈｕｍour、Everybodyel1joyedthel]ighqualityofthesubjectmatter・The

playersrangedfromchi1drentｏｔｈｅａｇｅｄａｎｄｔｈｅｙ ｗｅｒｅａｔｅａｓｅｉｎｔｈｅirl)erformance

ＯｎＮｏｖｅｍｂｅｒｌ５ａｎｄｌ６，1990,ｔｈｅ６ｔｈＮａｔｉｏｎａ］

BurakuLiberationCulturalFestivａｌｗａｓｈｅｌｄｉｎ

Ｏｓａｋａ・Thisfestivalwasplalmedinordertｏｃｒｅａｔｅ

ａｃｕｌｔｕｒａ］movementagainstdiscrimination,making

useofthetraditionwhichhassurvivedunderdiscrimi‐

nation・Ｅｍｐｈａｓｉｓｗａｓｐｌａｃｅｄｏｎｔｈｅ“Creationof

culturalactivitiesilleachBurａｋｕａｒｅａ，，

Tｈｅｌｓｔｄａｙ

TheJapanesedrumwasp1ayedonthestagel)ya

groupca1led“ＩＫＡＲＩ(Anger)．'’Ｔｈｅｙｃｏｍｅｆｒｏｍｔｌｌｅ

ＮａｎｉｗａａｒｅａｏｆOsaka・Ｔｈｅｙoungmembersofthe

grouphavebeenl)reparingthemselvesfor3years

Theｙｉｎｔｅｎｄｔｏｂｅｃｏｍｅｄｒｕｍｍｅｒｓｆｏｒａｎｅｗcultural

creationintheirdrum-makingtown・Theyplayed2

piecesofmusic，“ＩＫＡＲＩ(Anger)”ａｎｄ“ＡＫＥＢＯＮＯ

(Daybreak)．，，Powerfu1andrapidsoundsmadea

strongimpressiononaudience、

Ｍｒ・SusunluKitagawafromtheKobayashiarea

ofNaraprefecturep1ayedtl1eguiterandperformed

lullabies,worksongstosingwhilemakingJapallese

l)aper、etc、ａｎｄｈｉｓｏｗｎｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｓｏｎｇ、Heillherited

thesesongsfromtheBurakucommunityillNara

prefectureandhasbeensingingfortenyears．

Ａwomen'sgroupfromBurakuLiberationCen‐

tralheadquartersinOsakarecitedofpoemsandother

literacyworksproducedbytheliteracymovementin

vａｒｉｏｕｓｐａｒｔｓｏｆｔｈｅＢｕｒａｋｕｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ、Therecita‐

tions，basedondailylifeandthestruggleagainst

discriminatioll，movedtheaudiencedeeply、

ＭｅｍｂｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅＳｕｍｉｙｏｓｈｉａｒｅａｏｆＯｓａｋａｅｎａｃｔｅｄ

ａｄｒａｍａｏｎｔｈｅｓｔａｇｅｕｎｄｅｒthethemeoftheliteracy

n1ovement・Ｔｈｅｔｉｔｌｅｗａｓ“Apieceofpaperanda

pencil'’１twashumorousandfiledwithpathos・The

difficultiesandsufferingsofｔｈｅｐｅｏｐｌｅｗｈｏｃａｌ】not

readandwriteletterswasdescribedinIaughter

throughthehumanｐｏｗｅｒｏｆＩｉｖｉｎｇ・Watcbil1gthe

dramalaughing，theaudiencewasab1etoobserve

somethingｔｈａｔｐｅｏｐｌｅａｒｅｎｏｔｕｓｕａｌｌｙａｗａｒｅｏfil1

theirdailylives・Theaudiencerepeated1yheardthe

sayil]ｇｔｈａｔｌｉｔｅｒａｃｙｉｓｎｏｔａｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｐｅCl〕lｅｗｌｌｏ

FromtheSadolslandsofNiigataprefectureMr・

Isakaintroduced“ＨＡＲＵＫＯＭＡ.'，Thisisakindof

streetmusicial１s’１)ｌａｙｓｕｎｇａｎｄｄａｎｃｅｄｆｒｏｍｄｏｏｒｔｏ

ｄｏｏｒａｔＮｅｗＹｅａｒ・ＩｎＳａｄｏｌｓｌａｎｄｓｉｔｗａｓａｓｙｍｂｏｌ

ｏｆｔｈｅＮｅｗＹｅａｒ、ＨＡＲＵＫＯＭＡｐｌａｙｅｒｓｇｒｅｅｔｅｄｔｈｅ

ｌ１ｅｗｙｅａｒａｎｄｕｓｅｄｔｏｐｒａｙｆ()rtheprosperityofpeople，

agriculture,fishery,ｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌbusiness,etc、Ａｔｔｈｅ

ｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ,theytool〈ａｗａｙｔｈｅｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｙｅａｒｓｕＩ〕happi‐

llessalldsorrow、Therefore，ｔｈｅｙｖｖｅｒｅｗｅｌｃｏｍｅｔｏ

ｃ()ｍｅｏｎＮｅａｒＹｅａｒ，ｂｕｔｅｘｃｅｐｔｆｏｒｔｈｉｓｐｅｒｉｏｄ，these

l)eol)lewerel]()ｔｗｅｌｃｏｍｅｄｌｎｏｔ１]erwords，ＨＡＲＵ‐

６

⑪BURAKULlBERATlONNEWS

il]troducedamusicalplaywithheryoungrelative,Ｍｒ・

ＭａｓａｒｕＴａｎｉｇａｍｉ、Ｔｈｅｐｌａｙｗａｓｂｅｇｕｎｗｉｔｈｓａｙｉｌｌｇ，"Daddy，Ｉａｎ１ｔｉｒｅｄＬｅｔ'ｓｇｏｂｏｍｅＨｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ifI

dancehere,ｃａｌ１Ｉｇｅｔｍｏｌｌｅｙ？”“sure,ｓｕｒｅ１，'．

KOMAplayerswerewelcomedbyeveryｂｏｄｙａｌ]。，ａｔ

ｔｈｅｓａｎ１ｅｔｉｍｅ、ｌ)ｅｏｐｌｅｄｉｄｎｏｔｗｅ１ｃｏｍｅｓｕｃｈｐｅｏｐｌｅ

ｗhotool（awayunhal)pinessandsorrowwouldreturn

tothesalneplace・Forthatreasontheyweredi‐

scriminatedagail1stWearesurethatsuclIpeople

arethelnostrespectfulpeol〕Ie・Theycarriedall

unhappinessal】dmisfortureontheirshoIdersal]。，ａｔ

ｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｌｎｅ,ｔｈｅｙl)I-ayedforpeople，sprosperityand

happiness・

ＩｎｔｈｅｌｌｉｎｏｄｅＢｕｒａｋｕｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｏｆＯsakathere

weremanystrollingplayers'groups・Someofthem

wereproffessiollalgroul)swhoplayedaroundJapal1・

Someofthemplayedatnight・Afterｔｈｅｙfinished

theirdailyjobs,ｓｕｃｈａｓｐｅｄａｌｉｎｇｏｒｗｏｒｋｉｎｓｍａｌ１

ｆａctories，ｔｈｅｙwalkedthroughthestreetsplayiI]ｇ

ＳＨＡＭＩＳＥＮｏｒＳＨＡＫＵＨＡＣＨＩ(Japallesemusical

instruments)．

Mrs・YoshikoYamallaka(７６yearsold）ｗａｓｏｎｅ

ｏ（them・ＳｈｅｇｒｅｗｕｐｉｎｔｈｅＨｉｎｏｄｅＢｕｒａｋｕｏｆＯｓａｋａ

ａｎｄｗｈｅｎｓｈｅｗａｓｉｎｔｈｅ２ｎｄｙｅａｒｏｆｌ)rilnaryschool，

shewasapprenticedtoacomicdialoｇｉｓｔａｎｄｓｈｅｈａｄ

ａｓｔａｇｅｎａｍｅ、Ｓｈｅintroduced‘`Zenidaiko''，ｏｎｅｏｆ

ｔｈｅａｒｔｓｗｈｉｃｈｓｈｅｈａｄｌｅａｒｎｅｄinthosedays、ＡＣ‐

companiedbyaJapanesefolksongcalled‘`Yasugi

bushi''，ｓｈｅｄａｎｃｅｄｕｓｉｎｇ２ｒｅｄａｎｄｗｈｉｔｅｃｏｌｏred

Tｈｅ２ｎｄｄａｙ

DMdedintogroups，variousreportswerema(le

andvariousopinionswereexchangedTherewere

discussionsaboutperformancesofthepreviousday・Theprofessionalactor，Ｍｒ・KazuhisaNakanishiwho

isactinginamonologueplay,joinedthemeetingal]ｄ

ｇａｖｅｈｉｓｃｏｍｍｅｌ]tsaboutdrasticexpression・Ｏｌｄ

ｔａＩｅｓｉｎｈｅｒｉｔｅｄｉｎＢｕｒａｋｕｃｏｍｍｕｎitieswererel)orted

onbymembersofHiroshima，Osal《aandHyogo

prefectures・Theyresolvedtocontinuecollectil]g

ljleirfolktales､Therewasalsoameetingforleaders

involving］iteracyschools・Reportsfromvariouslit‐

eracyclassesandtheproblemsfacingthemwere

discussed、Poems,compositions,etcwrittenincon邪

petitionfortheBurakuLiberationPrizewererea(I

aloudoneafteranotherbythewritersthemselves、

Theytalkedabouttheirmotivesforwritingalldtheir

hardexperiencesinwriting、Anotheroftheeventsin

thisfestival，ａｄｒａｗｉｎｇａｎｄｓｈａｒｉｎｇｍｅｅｔｉｎｇ,washeld

undertheguidanceofMr・SeitaroKuroda，aprofes‐

siona］ｐａｉｎｔｅｒａｔｔｈｅＯｓａｋａｌ－ＩｕｍａｎＲｉｇｈｔｓMuseum、Ｍｒ､Kurodasaidthatscl]oolteachersshouldl1otevalu、

atestudents，paintingswithmarks、Ｉｔｉｓｉｍｌ)ortan（

thatstudentsshouldjustenjoyseeil〕ｇｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄ

ｄｒａｗｉｎｇａｎｄｔｈｅｓａｍｅｆorlisteningtomusicMr・

DennisJBanksofindigenouspeop1einAmerica,also

joinedthemeeting・Ｈｅｓａｎｇ“SongoftheCoyote”，

beatingadrum、Listeningtothemusicallparticl

pantsdrewwithpastelcrayonwhatevercrossedthier

mindsandthentheydiscussedtheirworks

ＴＨＥＬＩＴＥＲＡＣＹＷＯＲＫＡＮＤＤｌＳＣＲｌＭｌＮＡＴＩＯＮ

ｌＮＪＡＰＡＮ

ＣＯＮＴＥＮＴＳ

●Ｐａｒｔｌ：LiteracyMovementinJal)ａｌｌ

Ｂﾉｨﾉ樅〃Ｌ//Ｍ７ＣＶ／VO"C"2C"/／Ｗﾉﾉﾛ／Ｌ//C）川’

ルル""ｓ／bﾉ′ＫＣ）ｗＩﾉﾊﾉﾉ？/(zﾉI)α〃／ACCﾉ耐ん(ノ

ノVﾉigb／Ｍ'００ノα"c/Ｕ"αccﾉで(ﾛﾉﾉＭ/V/Lｸﾞﾉﾉ／Ｓｃ/１０(）/／

Ｌ//cﾉ、;ｙ／bγ／/'ＣＤ/Ｍ)/cc/／刀'ｃＫ()/()Z)"ん/Ｌ//cγ‐

αｃｖＳｃﾉﾉCO／

●Ｐａｒｔｌｌ：LiteracvWorkil1JapaI1

B"）伽/ﾉﾉ?ﾉﾉﾉＬ//c）"ｃｖｌ/i/川?／Ｌ/r/cﾉ川’Ｗｌ)ﾉｶCl／

ＫＣノセαﾉ7,ＭgﾉﾉﾉＳｔ〃(）C/S/ﾉｨ(/cﾉﾉﾉ,／ﾉﾉｃＤＭ６/ccﾉﾛ"(/

１V唾ﾉﾉ／Ｓｃﾉﾉ()()／Ｓ/"〔/c）１ＷﾉﾉＳ//"）Z

cylil1dricalpoIesheldrhythmicallyil〕ｈｅｒｈａｎｄｓ・Ｉｔ

ｓｅｅｍｅｄｔｏｂｅｅａｓｙｔｏｈａｎｄｌｅ２ｐｏｌｅｓｂｕｔｉｎｆａｃｔ，ｉｔｗａｓ

ａｎａｒｔｆｏｒｏｌｌ１ｙｔｈｅｐｅｏｌ)Iewhoearnedmoneybydoil1ｇ ｉｔ

Ａｓａｌ〕ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｏｆｐｏｌ)ulararts,therewel-egroupscalled“ＨＯＫＡＩＹＡ.”Mrs・ＵｍｅｋｏＴａｌ〕ｉｇａｍｉｏｆｔｈｅＨｉｌ〕odeBurakujoil〕editineraI1tperformerswhensl]ｅ

ｗａｓ７ｙｅａｒｓｏｌ〔]ａｌ１ｄｓｈｅｈａｄｓｕｎｇｖａｒｉｏｕｓｐａｒｔｓ、Ｓｈｅ

７

⑰BURAKUUBERATlONNEWS

ＢＬＲＩＳｅｎｔａＤｅＩｅｇａｔｉｏｎｔｏＰＲＣａｎｄＥｘｃｈａｎｇｅｄ

ＯｐｉｎｉｏｎｓｗｉｔｈＭｉｎｏｍｙRaces

Forlldays(Ｏｃｔｏｂｅｒｌ５ｔｏ２５,1990）５delegates

fromtheBurakuLiberatiｏｎResearchlnstitutevisited

thePRC(People'sRepublicofChina）inorderto

exchangeopinionsaboutminoritymattersinChina

ThisvisiｔｗａｓｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆａｎｉｎｖｉｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＰＲＣ

ＳｔａｔｅＮａｔｉｏｌｌａ］ＷｏｒｋCommittee，ｗｈｏｈａｄｓｅｎｔｄｅｌｅ‐

gationconsiststingofminoritiesｔｏＪａｐａｎｉｎＪｕｎｅａｔ

ＢＬＲＩ，sinvitation、ＴｈｉｓｄｅｌｅｇａｔｉｏｎｗａｓｌｅｄｂｙＭｒ・

ＦＡＮＧＨＥＣＨＵＮ，ｖｉｃｅｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｒｏｆｔｈｅＰＲＣＳｔａｔｅ

ＮａｔｉｏnalWol-kCommittee，DepartmentofPolitics

andLaw・

TheStateNationalWorkCommitteebｅｌｏｎｇｓｔｏ

ｔｈｅＳｔａｔｅＣｏｕｎｃｉｌａｎｄｉｓａｎagentofthecentralgov‐

ernment・Ｔｈｅｙmanagemattersofminorityraces・

ＴｈｅｐｅｒｓｏｎｉｎｃｈａｒｇｅｗａｓＭｒ､ＩｓｍａｉｌＡｈｍａｄａｌ１ｄｈｅ

ｗａｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＨUISrace・Ｈｅｗａｓｖｉｃｅｃｈａｉｒｍａｎｏf

theNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople'sPoliti-

calConsultativeConferｅｎｃｅａｎｄａ１ｓｏａｍｉｎｉｓｔｅｒｏｆｔｈｅ

ＳｔａｔeNationalitiesAffairsCommissiｏｎ・

Ｔｈｅｆｏ１ｌｏｗｉｎｇｉｓａｓｕｍｍａｒｙｒｅｐｏｒｔａboutactual

coditiol]ｓｏfminoritiesillChina：

regardingthe・developmentofminorityautonomy

towardtheyear2000,includingeconomic,culturaland

theoretica1policy、ＴｈｉｓｗｏｒｋｈａｓｂｅｅｎｄｏｎｅｂｙｌｌＯ

ｍｅｍｂｅｒsoftheMinorityAffairsResearchCenter

estal)ｌｉｓｈｄｅｉｎｌ９８８ｂｙｔｈｅａｂｏｖｅcommittee、Ｔｈｉｓ

ｒｅｐｏｒｔｉｓｔｏｂｅｓｕｂｍｉｔｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅStateCouncilbeｆｏｒｅ

ｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆｌ９９０

Ａｃｃｏｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｌawconcerningminorities，ｔｈｅ

ａｒｅａｗｈｅｒｅａｃｅｒｔａｉｎｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆａｍinorityracelive

constantlyisgrantedautonomy・Onefourthofthe

minorityraceslivescatteredauoverChineseterritory

andmorethan2minorityraceslivetogetherin97％of

themunicipalities・Eve、ifsuchminoritiesdonotuse

theirownlanguages,consciousnessoftheiridentityin

strongandtheyaresensitiveaboutracialdiscrimina‐

ｔｉｏｎ、Therefore，theproblemofminorities］ivingin

autonomousareasisreallytheproblemofminorities

livingi、variouspartsofChineseterritory．

WehaddiscussionswithMr､ＩｓｍａｉｌＡｈｍａｄ,ｍｉｎ‐

isteroftheStateNationa1itiesAffairsCommissionat

theNationalPalaceinBeijingThefollowingpoints

werecovered：

Byitsopen-doorpo1icyforreformation，Ｃｈｉｎａ

ｈａｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｌＯｙｅarsapolicyexceeding

thepast30years・Inagricultureamass-contracted

systemandrura1managingenterpriseshavebeen

introducedand，astheresult，farmershavebecome

richandconsumergoodshaveincreasedAsacon‐

tinuousopen-doorpolicy,themodernizationofindus‐

try，roadnetworks，andthedevelopmentofenergy

shouldbepIannedlncontrast，inflation，earning

differentiaIs,trafficproblemsandenvironmentalpol

lution，etc・havealsooccurred

Developingbusiｎｅｓｓｉｎｍｉｎｏｒｉｔｙａｒｅａｓｉｓｓｔｉｌｌｌａｇ‐

ging、Theseareashavecover61％ofthetotal

Chineseterritory,theyhaverichllaturalresourcesand

areatreasurehouseofcultureanｄａｒegreatforsight‐

seeing，TheStateCouncilwantstodeveloplarge

businessexchangesbetweenChil1aandJapall

Bothparties(BLRIandStateCouncil）ｈａｖｅ

ｐｒｏｍｉｓｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙｗｉｌｌｎｌａｋｅｔhismutua］visitafirst

steptopromoteexchangesbetweenotherhuman

rightsorganizations，includingmeetingsregarding

culturalandeconomicalmatters．

LeshanMunicipality，SichuanProvince、

AccordingtoMr､ＣＨＡＮ，MayorofLeshan,ul1til

l949therewass1averyamongtheYISandwhenthe

governmel]ｔｏｆｔｈｅＰｅｏｐｌｅ，sRepublicofChinawas

established，thesystemwasabolishedinl950、With

theadvanceofsocialism,roadｓｗｅｒｅｂｕｉｌｔｉｎｌ９５３ａｎｄ

ｉｌ１ｌ９５７ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｌｉｇｈｔｗａｓｓｕｐｐｌｉｅｄｌｎｔｈｉｓａｕｔｏｌ１ｏｍｙ，

andLeshanmunicipalityisadvanceｄｗｉｔｈｒｅｇａｒｄｔｏ

ｒａｃｉａｌｕｎｉｔｙ・

Asconcernseducation，thepercentageofiⅡiter‐

atesis2()％ａｎｄｅｆｆｏｒｔｓａｒｅｂｅｉｎｇｍａｄｅｔｏｓｏｌｖｅｔhe

probleminliteracyclasses・AttendanceateIemen‐

taryschoolis85％andthepresenttasl〈istomakeall

childrenenterschooLＩｎｌ９８５ａｓｌ)ecialjuniorhigh‐

schoo］fortheYISwasestablishedandeducationin

theirownlanguagehasbegUｎ．Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｓｔｉｌｌｌ)rob‐

lemstosolveregardingthemiddleschoolinthe

future、TheYISpeoplewanttoil1troducetheirtradi‐

tionalarts,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｎｏｔｗｅⅡｋnowninJapantothe

Japanese、TheyhopethattheirtraditiolIalsinging

anddal1cingteanlwiⅢ〕ｅｉｎｖｉｔｅｄｂｙＪａｐａｎａｎｄｓｏ

ｍａｄｅｔｈｉｓｒｅquesttous．

Thecommittee，smainprojectiston1akearel)ort