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شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

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Page 1: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population
Page 2: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

:خارشعالمت پوستي است كه به درجات مختلفي در انواع درماتوزها و نيز گاهي شايع ترين-

.دربيماريهاي داخلي ديده مي شودش تخا د ند شا ناخ ح ه(ك ن ق خاط كه)گاه ت ‐ا است كه )و گاهي مخاط و قرنيه(يك حس ناخوشايند در پوستخارش

.بيمار را وادار يا متمايل به خراشيدن يا ماليدن پوست مي كندشيميايي،حرارتي،مكانيكي، الكتريكي و نيز :شاملمحركهاي مختلفحس خارش توسط و رش يس ه يزلر و ي ري ي ي ي ر ر يي ي ي

. لمس سطحي،تغييرات دما و استرس ايجاد يا تشديد مي شود

Page 3: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

كه نزديك جانكشن درم و اپيدرمال انتهاهاي عصبيحس خارش و درد توسط ، انتقال دهنده خارش از رسپتورهاي فيبرهاي سي . است،دريافت مي شود

وپوستي بوده كه اين فيبرهاي پلي مودال و غيرميلينه وارد شاخ خلفي نخاع شده و ع ي خ ر و ي ي ير و ل و ي پ ي يبر ين بو ي پوسيناپس كرده و پس از تقاطع، از راه اسپينوتاالميك به تاالموس نرون ثانوي با

.،حس خارش را به كورتكس مي بردنرون سوم رفته و از آنجا

Page 4: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population
Page 5: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population
Page 6: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population
Page 7: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Is the most common symptom of patients coming to y p p gdermatologic clinics.

C Causes: 1‐skin disease: (Lichen planus, pediculosis, Scabies, Atopic dermatitis Urticaria )Atopic dermatitis,Urticaria,…)mild to moderate :psoriasis, seborrhea, 

photodermatitissevere: lichen planus, atopic, neurodermatitis

Rubbing: urticaria, lichen planus, post menopause 2 Systemic D: (CRF CBD ) 2‐Systemic.D: (CRF,CBD,…) 3‐Senile & winter .P

Page 8: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population
Page 9: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population
Page 10: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Systemic causes of pruritus

Page 11: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

1‐Chronic renal failure1‐Chronic renal failure

Most of CRF patients & 80% of hemodialysis patients have pruritus.

The cause is unknown (uremia, dry skin ,increased skin mast cells & histamine release, secondary hyper parath roidism aluminium o erload [treatable b  parathyroidism,aluminium overload [treatable by desferrioxamine] ,hypervitaminose A, neuropathy, substance –P, serotonin, ….)

Page 12: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

:خارش كليوي.نداردارتباطي با سن،جنس،نژاد،مدت دياليز و علت نارسايي كليه-.از همودياليز ايجاد خارش مي كند كمتردياليز صفاقي -. پس از همودياليز است و شبها شديدتر مي شوددو روزاوج خارش،-

Page 13: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

TTreatment:

‐EmollientEmollient UVB therapy (depletes the vit.A ) ‐Activated charcoal (6g/d for 8wks) Activated charcoal (6g/d for 8wks)

Page 14: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

‐Renal transplantation‐ parathyroidectomy, Heparin, lidocain (200mg in parathyroidectomy, Heparin, lidocain (200mg in 100 cc normal saline slow iv infusion) , mexiletine, ion‐change resins, topical capsaicin 0.025% 3‐5 times daily

‐Antihistamines & topical steroids not helpful 

Page 15: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Treatment:…Treatment: Topical gamma‐linoleic acid (2.2%, 4 times daily)Topical gamma linoleic acid (2.2%, 4 times daily) Gabapentin(200‐300 mg after each hemodialysis session) Cholestyramine (4‐16 g po qd in divided doses 30 minute  

b f   l)before meal)

Ondansetron (4‐8 mg iv, then 4mg orally every 8 hours) Nalfurafine (kappa opioid receptor agonist): 5 micro g iv 3  Nalfurafine (kappa‐opioid receptor agonist): 5 micro g iv 3 

times a wk (post hemodialysis) Ketotifen (1‐2 mg po qd) Thalidomide (100 mg po qd)

Erythropoietin (36 U/kg sc 3 times a wk)

Page 16: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Treatments for pruritus of chronic renalTreatments for pruritus of chronic renal failure.

Page 17: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

2 Cholestatic biliary disease 2‐Cholestatic biliary disease

In 20‐50% of cholestasis & hepatitis C & other hepatitis , primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing  cholangitis, obstructive choleducholithiasis   carcinoma of the bile ductobstructive choleducholithiasis,  carcinoma of the bile duct

Generalized, migratory, not relieved with scratching Worse on the hands & feet and body regions constricted by y g yclothing, at night

In chronic cholestasis: can be early symptom developing  b f     th   if t ti   years before any other manifestations.  

Page 18: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Cause: unknown, percipitation of specific bile salts with specific concentration in skin.(not always)Increased opioidergic neurotransmisson or ‐ Increased opioidergic neurotransmisson or neuromodulation in the CNS (opiate agonists induce opioid receptor‐mediated scratching activity of central origin)

Page 19: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Treatment: ‐Cholestyramin (powder=4g) 3 times 30 minute before meal may be improved pruritus in PCV & 

iuremia + rifampicin (10mg/kg/d or 300mg Bid), ‐UVB 

h t thphototherapy Naloxone (1ml=0.4mg) 0.8ml IDPl h i Plasmapheresis

Ribaverin : in chronic hepatitis C liver transplantation

Page 20: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Terfenadine & cholestyramine  Phenobarbital (2‐5 mg/kg/d) & rifampicin, ondancetron Antihistamine? (sedation) Gabapentine?

Page 21: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Treatments for hepatobiliary pruritus.

Page 22: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

3‐Iron deficiency anemiaI  d fi i   li d   l li d ( i ll   f  h   Iron deficiency: generalized or localized (especially of the perianal or vulvar region)

Treatment of choice : Iron supplementTreatment of choice : Iron supplement

Page 23: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

4‐Malignancy

The rate of malignancy in patients with pruritus of unknown  The rate of malignancy in patients with pruritus of unknown origin is the same as normal population except for :Hodgkin lymphoma & poly cythemia vera

Obstruction of the biliiar  tree  particularly in palms & soles‐ Obstruction of the biliiary tree, particularly in palms & soles(carcinoma of the head of the pancreas or bile duct)

‐ “Central pruritus” in brain tumors or as a consequence of treatment (surgery  radiotherapy  chemotherapy) treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) 

‐ Tumors of the brain: localized pruritus of the nose

Page 24: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Pruritus in Hodgkin lymphoma 25% of Hodgkin's patients have pruritus. Pruritus is Bizarre & Migratory. Severe, persistent generalized pruritus recurrence of tumor or poor generalized pruritus=recurrence of tumor or poor prognosis (B symptom)‐ Due to release of histamine (from basophils), ( p ),leukopeptidases or bradykinin, eosinophilia, occasionally hepatic involvement with lymphoma

S ifi  t t t  f  l h   Specific treatments for lymphoma. ‐ Topical steroids‐ Oral mirtazapine (7 5‐30 mg/d)Oral mirtazapine (7.5 30 mg/d)

Page 25: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Non –Hodgkin lymphoma:  Less prevalent( 2%), 10% of patients will suffer from pruritus, in the course of disease.Treatment: INF a systemic‐ Treatment: INF‐a systemic

Leukemia:N    ( ll   li d)‐ Not common (usually generalized)Most commonly with CLL (in addition can develop exaggerated reactions to insect bites)exaggerated reactions to insect bites)

Paroxetine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in treatment of intractable pruritus such as advanced cancer)

Page 26: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Pruritus in PCV 30‐50% of patients have pruritus. Pruritus begins after exiting from water & lasts 30‐60minute(aquagenic pruritus)minute(aquagenic pruritus)

The best treatments are:1‐Anti‐PGs(aspirin 300mg qd TID) rapid relief it provides for 1 Anti PGs(aspirin 300mg qd TID) rapid relief it provides for 12‐24 h

2‐ UVB or PUVA3‐ IFN‐a  IM4‐ Antihistamines H1 or H2 receptors Antiserotonins(cyproheptadine)?Antiserotonins(cyproheptadine)?

Page 27: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

5‐Aquagenic pruritus The clinic is the same as PCV.

1/3 of patients have positive family history.

The treatment is the same as PCV.

Page 28: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

6‐Endocrine disorders (1‐thyroid)

Localized P:…candidiasis

A‐hypothyroidism    Generalized P:…xerosisLocalized P:….candidiasis

B‐hyperthyroidismGeneralized P:…warmness of skin             

Page 29: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Endocrine (2‐Diabetes mellitus) generalized pruritus? generalized pruritus?

scalp…neuropathyOnly localized POnly localized.P

genital…candidiasis.

Page 30: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Endocrine(3‐Postmenopausal syndrome)

local ( in genital) or generalized with hot flushing. evokes Rubbing. Treatment with ethinyl estradiol (with anti Candida)Treatment with ethinyl estradiol (with anti Candida)

Page 31: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

7‐Immundeficiency(AIDS)

Pruritus is one of the most prevalent symptoms in p y pboth specific & non‐specific dermatitis associated with HIV (Scabies, pediculosis, seborrhea, 

d d )candidiasis,…)‐Eosinophilic folliculitis

Page 32: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

8‐Prenancy About 2‐20% of pregnant women have P. The most common cause of pruritus is cholestasis.

Pruritus is one of the most common symptoms in both specific & non‐specific dermatosis of pregnancy.

Page 33: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

9‐Neurological disorders Brain tumors Spinal cord lesions Brain abscessMultiple sclerosisp Neuropathies(Notalgia paresthetica) etc

Page 34: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

10‐Psychologic disorders Anxiety Depression Stress Hystericsy Psychotic disorders parasitophobia,(treatment with pimozide, Risperidone, Olanzapine,….)

etc

Page 35: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

11‐Drugs

Mostly:Opiates,Phenothiazines,Aspirin Tolbutamide,Erythromycine esteolate, Anabolic hormones (esterogen Progestron  Testosteron) Vit hormones (esterogen,Progestron, Testosteron),Vit B‐complex,…

Note: 1‐Every drug with idiosyncratic reaction can  y g ycause pruritus.

2‐Drugs can cause pruritus months after the i i i i   f initiation of use.

Page 36: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population
Page 37: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

l f h f kEvaluation of patients with pruritus of unknown origin 1‐Complete skin examination 2‐History(drugs,internal disorders , contact with  animals, chemicals,..)

3‐Systemic review 4‐Physical examination   (adenopathy,organomegally)

Page 38: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

..Evaluation of patients with pruritus of unknown origin

5‐Screening tests (CBC, LFTs,  RFTs,TFTs,            Chest‐X ray, stool occult blood)             

6‐Other necessary tests 7‐Repeated history & Physical exam. 8‐Psychiatric assessment 9‐Periodic fallow up

Page 39: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Senile pruritus: 50% of elderly(>70Y) have senile .P. In every seasons. Cause & clinic is the same as winter's. But other precipitating factors are:p p g‐Drugs like diuretics,..‐Hypothyroidismyp y‐Protein & Zinc deficiency,…

Page 40: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Winter pruritus:

Only in winter,but in any age. Cause:xerosis due to overhydration & using strong detergents.

Clinic: xerosis & criss cross pattern especially on l    legs & arms.

Exacerbating of lesions after bathing. Treatment: glycerin soap & emollient

Page 41: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Treatment of pruritus No specific treatmentA‐ General measures:restriction of scratching   emotional stress   intake restriction of scratching,  emotional stress,  intake of caffein,caffe, tea , choclate,cola drinks,alcohol.

B‐Topical treatments:p‐Ice compress‐starch bath

h l   h l  h  l i‐menthol, phenol ,comphor lotions

Page 42: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Continue‐ emollients‐ Anesthetics(only promoxin)‐ Doxepin cream‐ Capsaicin creamp

Page 43: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Naltrexone Mu‐receptor opioid u ecepto op o dAntagonist

chronic pruritus of different origins(Post –burn Itch,MF D  ( t h)  i  ,Drugs (starch) ,prurigo nodularis,Chronic urticaria,Atopic derm., p

Page 44: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Topical Doxepin:

Doxepin is a topical tricyclic antidepressant used for the relife of Doxepin is a topical tricyclic antidepressant used for the relife of pruritus & pain.

Antihistamine (both H1 & H2 receptors) with anticholinergic properties.p ope t es.

Indicated for moderate pruritus in patients with atopic & LSC & other forms of dermatitis & neuropathic  pain (sometimes in combination with topical capsaicin)p p )

Cream 5% , 4 times a day for 7‐8 days Side effects: burning, irritation, allergic C.D, drowsiness (in 20%) 

& sedation& sedation. Contraindications: category B, sensitivity, narrow angel 

glaucoma, urinary retention, with MAO inhibitors

Page 45: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Topical capsaicin:Topical capsaicin:

A natural constituent of red chili peppers.A i i i  &  l i  b  d i i i     Antipruritic & analgesic by desensitizing nerve endings

Effects on the peripheral sensory nerve endings  by Effects on the peripheral sensory nerve endings  by depletion substance‐p from C fibers. (substance‐p mediates pain impulses from peripheral sensory neurons to the CNS)neurons to the CNS)

With repeated use: prevent heat, pain & itch sensation.

Therapeutic effect is observed after 1 wk

Page 46: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

…Topical capsaicin In intractable localized pruritus (prurigo nodularis, brachioradial pruritus), uremic pruritus, superficial pain due to PHN   diabetic neuropathy  notalgia paresthetica  due to PHN , diabetic neuropathy, notalgia paresthetica, pruritus ani, psoriasis

Cream,gel, lotion 0.025‐ 0.075%, 4 times a day. Side effects: category C , itching, burning, erythema (diminish with frequent use)

Page 47: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

O h…Others: Gel pramoxine (1%): partial anesthesia (after few minutes) for 2‐4 h effect (combination with 0.5‐2.5% hydrocortisone as a lotion, foam, cream or ointment) 

Side effect: very low sensitization potential Side effect: very low sensitization potential Camphor (0.25‐0.5%): is a ketone with a local anesthetic effect & mild degrees of pruritus or burning.

Phenol: should not be used in pregnancy & infants less than 6 mo.M h l( %)   l h l  d d i d f   Menthol(0.025‐0.5%): alcohol compound derived from mint (cooling effect as a result of its low boiling point)

Emollients: urea (10‐20%), lactic acid (5‐12%)Emollients: urea (10 20%), lactic acid (5 12%)

Page 48: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population

Physical modalities UVB PUVA TENS (Trans cutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation) Acupuncturep etc

Page 49: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population
Page 50: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population
Page 51: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population
Page 52: شرﺎﺧ - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences4‐Malignancy The rate of malignancymalignancy inin patients with pruritus ofof unknownunknown origin is the same as normal population