ii i V 2 2019 vi i 25080555 i 25080563 V 2 2019 DOI: The Effectiveness of Barangay ... · 2020. 9. 17. · Barangay Justice System (Lupong Tagapamayapa). They will conduct crime prevention

Volume 2 · June 2019 • Peer Reviewed Journal

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The Effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping Action in Nasipit Agusan del Norte, PhilippinesREINARD L. CALIGUIDhttps://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-2971-2952 [email protected] Micahel College of CaragaNasipit Agusan del Norte, Philippines

CLARK G. NALLA https://orcid.org/ [email protected] Micahel College of CaragaNasipit Agusan del Norte, Philippines

RUTHSEN S. PAQUERA https://orcid.org/ [email protected] Micahel College of CaragaNasipit Agusan del Norte, Philippines

ROLAND N. PEREZhttps://orcid.org/ [email protected] Micahel College of CaragaNasipit Agusan del Norte, Philippines

LOUIE U. CALLORAhttps://orcid.org/[email protected] Micahel College of CaragaNasipit Agusan del Norte, Philippines

Gunning Fog Index: 17.34 Originality: 99% Grammar Check: 99%Flesch Reading Ease: 28.06 Plagiarism: 1%

SMCC Criminal Justice JournalISSN Print: 2508-0555 · ISSN Online: 2508-0563Volume 2 · June 2019DOI:

SMCC Criminal Justice Journal

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ABSTRACT

Peacekeeping is the essential function of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in their respective barangay BPAT visibility is the one main thrust of this peacekeeping activity. This study determined the performance of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) about crime prevention of selected Barangay in Nasipit Agusan del Norte. The researchers employed a descriptive type of research characterized by gathering data on BPAT performance on Crime prevention in identifying Barangay in Nasipit Agusan Del Norte. The investigation revealed that on the apprehension of criminals, deterrence of crime, drug demand, and supply reduction, as well as the identification of dependent for rehabilitation, conclude that the Barangay peacekeeping action team is effective in apprehending criminals and conducting a checkpoint in respected barangay. The BPAT is the Barangay-based anti-crime strategy to intensifying public safety information campaigns through regular police bulletins of crime modus operandi. It was recommended that the community commitment and participation on the BPATs through the assistance of the PNP in the conduct of checkpoint would be a must.

KEYWORDS

Crime prevention, criminal justice, Barangay peacekeeping action team, descriptive-comparative, Philippines

INTRODUCTION

The Philippine National Police explain their function to organize and mobilize various sectors of the community in support of the maintenance of peace and order and safety. They should conduct crisis management, disaster mitigation, and search, rescue, and relief operations within the community. They will strengthen and support the Barangay Justice System (Lupong Tagapamayapa). They will conduct crime prevention and deterrence measures to protect the community’s vulnerable sectors (Philippine National Police, 2018).

The connection with the community and the police is exercised as a weapon system by itself in the movements against crime. Supposedly, the police cannot manage today’s crime problem alone. No matter how well systematic, it cannot perform effectively in its fight upon criminality without the community’s active cooperation through the creation of the Barangay peacekeeping action team. The law enforcement efforts are secure on the fact that police officers are not universal to all places. The rate of the residence and the police claim a support system, like the activation and organization of BPATs (San Juan, 2013).


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The Philippine National Police (PNP) recognizes the task of Barangay Tanods, Bantay Bayan, CVOs, Barangay Auxiliaries, NGOs and people’s organizations as Force Multipliers to the battle against criminality, insurgency and terrorism. These organizations are also precious in a partnership of government in community development (Philippine National Police, 2018).

FRAMEWORK

This study is anchored to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need Theory. One of the considerations of the different levels of an individual’s needs and one of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is Security and Safety.

According to Maslow, self-actualization is a procedure by which individuals may ascend a linear hierarchy of needs as opposed to a discussion. Expressively robust and healthy self-actualizing individuals prolong the advanced levels of this hierarchy.

Also, Maslow struggles that these self-actualizing individuals are highly resourceful and establish a capacity to settle contrasts inherent in ultimate antitheses, such as life versus death and freedom versus determinism, as samples. This discussion does not test Maslow’s theory as much as it spreads the ideas postulated by him. This argument mostly stresses the synergism of dialectical perfection implicit in the type of personal development that Maslow contends is self-actualizing. Further, it claimed that one need not exceed these levels of self-actualization in straight linear and succeeding stages. Lastly, it assumed that all creative individuals might be capable of self-actualization, sovereign of their mental healthiness, or lack of it.

Maslow (1943, 1954), stated that people are prompt to achieve firm desires and that some needs take priority over others. Our most basic need is for physical survival, and this will be the first thing that inspires our behavior. Once that level is fulfilled, the next level up is what motivates us, and so on.

Safety is one of our basic, evolutionary needs. Most of our decisions and actions are based on sustaining or improving our circumstances. While we may not be in constant danger like early man, we are no less driven by the need for safety for us and our loved ones. This drive is carried over into user, and consumer behavior and safety is an evolution need, which is often manifested in what we refer to as the “fight or flight” response (Komninos, 2018).

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the barangay peacekeeping action team in Nasipit Agusan Del Norte.


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METHODOLOGY

Research DesignA descriptive comparative research design was employed in the study. This design

involved description, recording, analyzing, and interpreting the conditions that exist for the situation. This was also a correlation study which investigating and find out the relationship between respondent (Shields & Tajalli, 2006). This research decision could be made for improving, maintaining, and rejecting the focus making it effective and efficient.

Research LocaleThis study was conducted in the Barangays of Nasipit Agusan Del Norte, namely

Barangay 1, Barangay 2, Barangay 3, Barangay 5, Barangay 7, Barangay punta, Barangay Triangulo.

Research RespondentsThe respondents of the study were the Team and Barangay officials of the seven (7)

Barangays of Barangay I, Barangay II, Barangay III, Barangay V, Barangay Tringulo, and Barangay Punta Nasipit Agusan Del Norte.

Table 1.Total number of Respondent

Barangays Community Sample sizeBarangay Peacekeeping Action Team

Barangay Officials

Total population %

Barangay I 1,205 32 8 8 48 8.14%Barangay II 1,876 49 6 8 63 12.60%Barangay III 983 26 5 8 39 6.64%Barangay V 1,608 42 7 8 57 10.81%Barangay VII 2,178 57 10 8 75 14.63%BarangayTringulo 2,998 78 16 8 102 20.14%BarangayPunta 4,039 106 9 8 123 27.03%

Total 14,887 390 61 56 507 100%

Research InstrumentThis study used adapted questionnaire from the study of Jonathan O. Etcuban

and, et al. research entitled “The effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in Crime Prevention” published on June 6, 2018, and was enhanced by the researcher besides the assistance of the instructor to fits to the research. The questionnaire has two (2) parts: Part 1 Respondents’ Profile which Formulated by the researcher that deals the


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profile of the respondents such as Age, Educational Attainment, Gender, while Part II dealt with the effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in NasipitAgusan Del Norte with four identified variables containing five questions each.

Data Gathering ProcedureThe researchers observed the following procedures in gathering data.Step1. Letter of Request – The letter was sent to and approved by the Head of the

Barangay Officials. Step2. Distribution of Questionnaire - The questionnaire was distributed to the

respondents. For the respondents’ profile, age, affiliation, educational attainment, training attended, and many years as a member are being asked for.

Step3. Gathering Questionnaires - The questionnaires were collected one by one after the respondents answered it.

Step4. Consolidation of Data - The data collected was checked, tallied, and tabulated, presented, analyzed and interpreted with the application of the statistical tools.

Statistical AnalysisIn presenting, interpreting, and analyzing the data gathered by the researcher’s

percentage, Weighted Mean Chi-square were used.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 2. Age Profile of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team

Age Brgy. 1 Brgy 2 Brgy 3 Brgy 5 Brgy 7Brgy Punta

Brgy Triangulo

f %

21 below 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1.6422-30 0 2 1 1 0 3 2 9 14.7531-40 2 4 3 1 2 5 6 23 37.71 40 above 6 0 1 5 8 1 7 28 45.90Total 8 5 5 7 10 9 16 61 100

Table 2 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the Effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping action Team (BPAT) member of Barangay 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, Tringulo, Punta in Nasipit Agusan del Norte. That the data shows there are twenty-eight (28) or 45.90% of the sixty-one (61) respondents belong to the age bracket of 40 years old above; twenty-three (23) or 37.71% of the respondents belong to the age bracket 31-40 years of age; nine (9) or 14.75% of the respondents belong to the age bracket 22-30 years of age; one (1) or 1.64% belongs to the age bracket 30 below years of age.


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As to the age factor, it is a well-known perception that older people fail to perform specific tasks at younger people’s performance. For example, an older person can’t run at the rate of teenagers. But at some assignments, the older people can do better than youths (Belal et al., 2010). For example, older people can give better advice against young ones in general.

Table 3. Educational Attainment of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team EducationalAttainment

Brgy. 1

Brgy. 2

Brgy3

Brgy.5

Brgy.7

Brgy.Punta

Brgy.Triangulo

f %

High School Level 7 1 1 1 8 3 9 30 49.18

High School Graduate 1 3 2 3 2 3 4 18 29.51

College Level 0 2 2 1 0 2 3 10 16.39

College Graduate 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 3 4.92

Total 8 6 5 7 10 9 16 61 100

Table 3 shows the educational attainment of the respondent. Further, it shows that

the highest is High-school level with a total of 30 or gets 49.18 % which rank 1st, and High school graduate had a total of 18 or 29.51 percent. Next, the college-level had a total of 10 and gets 16.39 %, and the last is college graduates with an overall total of three and gets 4.92 percent.

Therefore most of the respondent’s Educational Attainment is High-school level. In general, education opens your mind towards avenues you have never thought to venture. Life comes down to learning, advancing, and challenging one’s potential. Education will help you develop the much-needed self-discipline to succeed in your goals parallel to the statement of Cohen’s (2012) education: to support developing the skills, the knowledge, and the dispositions that will allow them to be responsible, contributing members of their community-their democratically inform the community, which means to be good friends and mate, to be able to work and to contribute to the community’s well-being.

Table 4. Number of training attended as Barangay Peacekeeping Action TeamEducationalAttainment

Brgy. 1 Brgy. 2 Brgy3

Brgy.5

Brgy.7

Brgy.Punta

Brgy.Triangulo

f %

1-5 6 6 4 6 4 4 5 35 57.386-10 1 0 1 1 4 1 7 15 24.611-12 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 8 13.11 13 above 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 4.91Total 8 6 5 7 10 9 16 61 100

Table 4 shows the training attended by the respondents. The highest number of training of the respondents that have attended is 1-5 trainings with a total of 34 or


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55.74 percent, the second one is 6-10 trainings with a total of 16 or 26.23 percent, followed by 11-12 training which total of 8 or 13.11 percent, last is 13 above with the total of 3 or 4.91 percent of the respondents. Therefore most of the respondents have attended 1-5 trainings. That coincides with the claim of that (Dessler, 2008).

Table 5. Number of years as members of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team

EducationalAttainment

Brgy. 1 Brgy. 2 Brgy3

Brgy.5

Brgy.7

Brgy.Punta

Brgy.Triangulo

f %

1-2 years 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 24 39.34 3-5 years 4 2 1 2 3 3 6 21 34.436-10 years 1 1 0 1 1 1 4 9 14.7511 above years 0 0 0 1 2 1 3 1 11.48Total 8 6 5 7 10 9 16 61 100

Table 5 show the number of years as a member of the respondent. The highest is 1-2 years of as a member with a total of 24 and gets 39.34 percent of them, second is 3-5 year with a total of 21 and gets 34..43 percent, third is 6-10 years with a total of 9 and gets 14.75 percent, and the last is 11 above with a total of 7 and gets 11.48 percent of the respondent. Therefore most of the respondents are newly in service.

Also, Kazan (2000), showed differences in self-perceptions as number of years as a member of Barangay peacekeeping action team.

Table 6. Apprehension of CriminalsA. Apprehension of Criminals

BPATS Community Brgy. Officials

Average W/M

Verbal Description

Mean Mean Mean Mean

Question Number 1 3.57 3.63 3.52 3 .57 Agree

Question Number 2 3.47 3.52 3.27 3.42 Agree

Question Number 3 3.52 3.53 3.30 3.45 Agree Question Number 4 3.44 3.51 3.30 3.42 Agree Question Number 5 3.40 3.51 3.34 3.42 Agree

Total 3.46 Agree

Table 6 show the area of Apprehension of Criminals with effectiveness of barangay peacekeeping action team in Crime Prevention as perceived by themselves, Community, Barangay Officials and members in Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, has an area mean 3.46 percent or verbal description agree. Among the five (5) items, the item. “Encourages the participation of community-based organizations to enable the PNP to cover all matters of community safety and security. Got the highest mean of 3.57 with a verbal


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description of agree. The second to the highest with a mean of 3.45 with a verbal description of agree which is the” Consults with local village officials on problems and threats from criminal elements in the village so that proper strategic approaches are developed to counter the problem. “Three (3) items out of five (5) were considered as the lowest with a mean of 3.42 with the verbal description of agree which includes the following items” Intensifies public safety information campaign through regular police bulletins on criminal modus operandi; Support the development of police-community partnership by carefully coordinating and communicating with such groups to establish open lines of communications; Sustains visitation as an approach to crime reporting to inform them of the status of cases lodged against suspects/offenders.”

Decreasing apprehension of wrongdoing has dependably been a vital piece of group policing. This applies particularly to psychological warfare, where the essential objective is to make fear (Sabijon, 2017).

Table 7. Deterrence of Criminals

B. Deterrence of Criminals

BPATS Community Brgy. Officials

Average W/M Verbal

Description Mean Mean Mean Mean

Question Number 1 3.36 3.41 3.30 3.36 Agree Question Number 2 3.45 3.47 3.30 3.41 Agree Question Number 3 3.38 3.50 3.34 3.41 Agree Question Number 4 3.43 3.46 3.29 3.38 Agree Question Number 5 3.55 3.45 3.36 3.45 Agree Total 3.4 Agree

Table 7 shows the area of Deterrence of crime. Further, it shows that the item “Deploys additional personnel to cover all” has the highest mean of 3.45 with a verbal description of agree. Followed by the two (2) item “Answers mobilization all organized community sectors to help in the prevention of crimes; Encourages the community or the populace to participate in crime preventions to the police or authority as watchers” with a mean of 3.41 with a verbal description of agree. And the “Upgrades the quality of communication equipment for police patrollers with the mean of 3.38 with a verbal description of agree. While the item with the lowest mean of 3.36 with a verbal description of agree “Conduct the patrol in their respective villages such as checkpoint.”

Community policing is a philosophy of full service personalized policing. The same officer patrols and works in the same area permanently, from a decentralized place, working in a proactive partnership with citizens to identify and solve problems (Ferreira, 2017).


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Tables 8. Drugs Demands and Supply Reduction

C. Drug Demands and Supply Reduction

BPATS Community Brgy.

OfficialsAverage

W/M Verbal Description

Mean Mean Mean Mean

Question Number 1 3.39 3.50 3.32 3.40 Agree

Question Number 2 3.45 3.44 3.38 3.42 Agree Question Number 3 3.47 3.32 3.32 3.37 Agree Question Number 4 3.40 3.87 3.36 3.54 Agree Question Number 5 3.45 3.50 3.34 3.43 Agree Total 3.43 Agree

Table 8 shows the area of Drug Demand and Supply Reduction. The item “Builds trust and confidence by the public to irradiate drug demand” has the highest mean of 3.54 with a verbal description of agree. Followed by the “Initiates political intervention must be stopped the supply of drugs in and out of the village” with a mean of 3.43 with a verbal description of agree. And the “Prevents drug abuse by investing and providing them with accurate effects of drug information” with the mean of 3.42 with a verbal description of agree. And the “Helps the village in recognizing the effects of the use of drugs by shifting resources to prevention, treatment, and education” with the mean of 3.40 with a verbal description of agree. While the item with the lowest mean of 3.37 with verbal a description of agree “Focuses law enforcement resources on the most dangerous and violent drug criminals.

Develop written store policies about sales of harmful legal products to children and youth. But increased knowledge and concern are not sufficient to reduce the availability of such products through retail markets. Establish policies are more likely to limit sales of the harmful legal product (Holder et al., 2000).

Table 9. Identification of Dependents for RehabilitationC. Identification of Dependents for Rehabilitation

BPATS CommunityBrgy.

OfficialsAverage

W/M Verbal Description

Mean Mean Mean MeanQuestion Number 1 3.40 3.45 3.23 3.36 Agree

Question Number 2 3.38 3.45 3.27 3.37 Agree Question Number 3 3.45 3.46 3.32 3.41 Agree Question Number 4 3.40 3.49 3.25 3.38 Agree Question Number 5 3.47 3.45 3.29 3.40 Agree Total 38 Agree


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Table 9 shows the five (5) areas under of Identification of Dependents for Rehabilitation. Further, it shows that out of the five (5) items, the item “Initiates anti-criminality programs/projects in partnership with the LGUs, village officials and the community.” has the highest mean with 3.41 with a verbal description of agree. One (1) item, the item “Initiates anti-criminality programs/projects in partnership with the LGUs, village officials and the community.” has the second to the highest mean with 3.41 with a verbal description of agree. The items “Disseminates awareness of the residential community of the list of activities of a drug rehabilitation program.” the third rank with the mean of 3.38 with a verbal description of agree. The items of the “Cooperates with the Police Officers and the Village Council in identifying drug dependents.” with a mean of 3.37 with a verbal description of agree. The lowest mean of 3.36 with a verbal description of agree is the item “Says what is on his or her mind in a direct, tactful manner.”

Scientific research since the mid-1970s shows that drug abuse treatment can help many drug-using offenders change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors towards drug abuse, avoid relapse, and successfully remove themselves from a life of substance abuse and crime. Many of the principles of treating drug addiction are similar for people within the criminal justice system as for those in the general population. However, many offenders don’t have access to the types of services they need. Treatment that is of poor quality or is not well suited to offenders’ needs may not be effective at reducing drug use and criminal behavior (Nida, 2019).

Table 10. Apprehension of criminalApprehensionOf Criminal

4 3 2 1 Total ComputedX2- value

Critical Value

Decision

BPATS Member 37 17 5 2 61

Community 264 105 18 3 390

Barangay Official 31 15 9 1 56Total 332 137 32 6 507 14.98 12.592 Reject Ho

= 0.05 level of significance

Table 10 shows in the Apprehension of Criminals, which has a computed x2-Value of 14.98, is greater than the critical x2-value of 12.59 at 0.05 level of significance set for statistical analysis. The results indicate a difference. Hence, the null hypothesis value that “there is no significant difference in the Effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team by themselves, the community and barangay officials” was “rejected.” The finding implies that Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team, Community, and Barangay Officials have different perceptions toward the apprehension of criminals of the barangays in Nasipit Agusan del Norte.


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Decreasing apprehension of wrongdoing has dependably been a vital piece of group policing. This applies particularly to psychological warfare, where the essential objective is to make fear (Sabijon et al., 2017).

Table 11. Deterrence of CriminalsApprehensionOf Criminal


Critical Value

Decision

BPATS Member 35.4 18.4 5 2.2 61

Community 236 125 28 1 390

Barangay Official 27.6 19.6 7.8 1 56Total 299 163 40.8 4.2 507 12.17 12.592 Accept Ho

=0.05 level of significance

Table 11 shows the Deterrence of Criminals. It can be gleaned from the data that the computed x2-Value of 12.17 lesser than the critical x2-value of 12.59 at 0.05 level of significance set for statistical analysis. The result did not reveal a significant difference. Hence, the null hypothesis that “there is no significant difference in the Effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team by themselves, community and barangay officials” was “accepted.” The finding implies that BPATS, community and barangay officials have similar perceptions toward Criminals’ Deterrence.

Also, carefully analyze these crimes of misery within each of the five philosophical grounds that traditionally justify and guide punishment: a variety of retribution theories, general deterrence, specific deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. From this analysis, Mitchelle concludes that none of the traditional philosophical theories can justify the crimes of misery and, as such, those crimes are morally unsupportable and unjust. As perceived by the village officials, the table shows that the village officials evaluated the performance of BPAT as effective (Mitchelle, 2012).

Table 12. Drug Demand & Supply ReductionApprehensionOf Criminal


Critical Value

Decision

BPATS Member 36 172 5.2 2.2 61

Community 233.4 128.2 27.2 1.2 390

Barangay Official 29.8/ 16.6 8.6 1 56Total 298.48 162 41 4.4 507 12.35 12.592 Accept Ho



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Table 12 shows the Drug Demand and Supply Reduction. It can be gleaned from the data that the computed x2-Value of 12.35 lesser than the critical x2-value of 12.59 at 0.05 level of significance set for statistical analysis. The result did not reveal a significant difference. Hence, the null hypothesis that “there is no significant difference in the Effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team by themselves, community and barangay officials” was “accepted.” The finding implies that BPATS, community, and barangay officials have similar perceptions toward Drug Demand and Supply Reduction.

The problem of drug abuse and illicit drug trafficking is one that has devastating consequences on all sectors. Supply reduction is a useful tool for demand reduction because when drugs cost more and challenging to acquire, there are few drug users and less demand for illegal drugs. Demand reduction is also a useful tool to supply reduction because when the number of drug users falls, drug supply fails correspondingly as the market for illegal drugs compress. Combine these complementary approaches maximizes the impact of the national strategy on illegal drug use by attacking the drug economy from both sides (Institute for Behaviour, and Health, 2019).

Table 13. Identification of Dependents for RehabilitationApprehensionOf Criminal


Critical Value

Decision

BPATS Member 36.4 16 6 2.4 61

Community 23.2 133 23 2 390

Barangay Official 27.4 17.4 10.2 1 56Total 295.8 166.4 39.2 5.4 507 18.13 12.592 Reject Ho


Table 13 shows in Identification of Dependents for Rehabilitation, which has a computed x2-Value of 18.13 is greater than the critical x2-value of 12.59 at 0.05 level of significance set for statistical analysis. The results indicate a difference. Hence, the null hypothesis value that “there is no significant difference in the Effectiveness of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team by themselves, the community and barangay officials” was “rejected.” The finding implies that Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team, Community, and Barangay Officials have different perceptions toward the Identification of Dependent for Rehabilitation of the barangays in Nasipit Agusan del Norte.

In addition, the level of Identification of Dependents for the rehabilitation of BPATS, Community, and Barangay officials as perceived by themselves. It reveals that the computed x2-value of 18.13 is greater than the critical value x2-value of 12.592 at 0.05 level set for statistical analysis. The results indicate a significant difference, hence the null hypothesis that “there is no significant difference in the level of effectiveness


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among BPATS as perceive by themselves, community and barangay officials” was accepted. The finding implies that BPATS, community, and barangay officials have different perceptions toward Drug Demand and Supply Reduction.

Also, community policing goals are to reduce crime and disorder, promote citizens’ quality of life in a neighborhood, reduce the fear of crime, supply and enhance the police-citizen relations. Problem-solving should be based on real concerns for those issues that citizens, not the police, emphasized as priorities. Organizational changes include decentralization of the police, relationships between police officers and the community they serve, as well as various forms of joint work (joint meetings, education, counseling, and concrete activities) (Fridell, 2004).

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the study’s findings, the researchers conclude that the Barangay peacekeeping action team is effective in apprehending criminals and conducting checkpoints in respected barangay.

Because of BPAT’s in the community it is a gesture of PNP’s commitment to pursue an effective community partnership in support of sustained barangay–based anti-crime strategy in collaboration with the BPATS by intensifying public safety information campaign through regular police bulletins on criminal modus operandi, also, BPAT’s agree in the conducting of patrol in their respective barangay. They must involve giving the community the best possible policing system, particularly in the deterrence of crime such as checkpoints. Because through this, it helps promotes an environment of mutual trust and confidence while maintaining tranquillity and order and providing safety service. The strength and weaknesses of BPATs help guide the community in controlling the drug demand and supply reduction in the Barangay in Nasipit Agusan del Norte. Thus, the BPATs’ skills are updated to provide enough logistical support, which will enhance the performance of BPATs. Through this, BPAT can help to stop the supply of drugs in their respective Barangays.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The researchers strongly recommend strengthening the community commitment and participation in the BPATs through the assistance of the PNP in checkpoint conduct. The BPATs, through the aid of the PNP and local officials, should display on their bulletin boards visible to the residents on precautionary measures regarding the criminal modus operandi. The local government units, non-government, must provide the Barangay peacekeeping Action Team full equipment so they can fully perform their duties.


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The community should participate in keeping peace and order to minimize the violence and reduce crime with the assistance of the Barangay Action Team. The respective barangay officials should request community meetings to apprehend the deterrence criminal.

The Barangay official should provide resolutions that abide protection for the barangay peacekeeping Action team and community. Conduct a seminar that gives more knowledge to Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team by themselves, the community, and barangays officials by the Philippines National Police (PNP) against crime prevention, drugs, and checkpoints.

LITERATURE CITED

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Belal A. Kaifi, Bahaudin G. Mujtaba (2010), “Transformational Leadership of Afghans and Americans: A Study of Culture, Age and Gender”, Journal of Service Science & Management. Retrieved on January 29, 2019 from https://bit.ly/2Il2bu6

Bertus, Ferreira. The Use and Effectiveness of Community Policing in a Democracy. Prod. National Institute of Justice. Washington. Retrieved o February 27, 2019 from https://bit.ly/1NT7xX8

Dessler, G. (2008). Human Resource Management.11th Edition, New Jersey: Pearson Education. Retrieved on January 28, 2019 from https://bit.ly/2HQ5wSW

Fridell, L, (2004). The defining characteristics of community policing. In L. Washington: The Anie E. Ca Foundationand Police Executive Research Forum. Retrieved on January 19, 2019 form https://bit.ly/2IfEO8r

Holder HD, Gruenewald PJ, Ponicki WR, Treno AJ, Grube JW, Saltz RF, et al. Effect of community-based interventions on high-risk drinking and alcohol-related injuries. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000; Retrieved at May 14, 2019 from https://bit.ly/2HmAssy

Institute for Behavior and Health. (2019). Demand Reduction + Supply Reduction | Institute for Behavior and Health. Retrieved on January 25, 2019 from: https://bit.ly/2GvBYe4


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Kets de Vries, M. F. R., & Korotov, K. (2011). Leadership Development, The lnternational Library of Critical Writings on Business and Management. Retrieved on March 2, 2019 from https://bit.ly/2WDV7lH

Komnimos (2018). Smart cities. In Warf, B. (ed.) The SAGE Encyclopedia of the Internet, 783-789. Sage publication. Retrieved on January 28, 2019 from https://bit.ly/2Z2cTMX

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs of Abraham - Physiological, safety, social. Retrieved on February 5, 2019 from https://bit.ly/2NWQr5R

Mitchell, J. B. (2012). Crimes of misery and theories of punishment. New Criminal Law Review: In International and Interdisciplinary Journal, 15(4), 465-510. Retrieved on January 2018 from https://goo.gl/13vqIG

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Sabijon, D.F., Etcuban, J.O., Nillama, V.R.A., Festejo, E.R., Luage, C., & Salazar, E.A. (2017). Effectiveness of police community relation in Cebu City’s mountain villages. Retrieved on February 7, 2019 from https://bit.ly/2EdjRXK

San Juan, R. C. (2013). The Village Peacekeeping Action Team as implemented in Village San Isidro, Angono, Rizal. Retrieved on December 13, 2018 from https://bit.ly/2Jd2ryf

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ii i V 2 2019 vi i 25080555 i 25080563 V 2 2019 DOI: The Effectiveness of Barangay ... · 2020. 9. 17. · Barangay Justice System (Lupong Tagapamayapa). They will conduct crime prevention