67

AXyay 2

ihNdI %pNyas saihTy ke ivivx êpae<

me< narI icÇ[

68

1. narI zBd kI VyuTpiTt> £

narI zBd kI @k VyuTpiTt ke Anusar £ ‘SÇI sUiÇ jNmdaÇI’ AwaRt! vh

pirvar kI sUÇxark haene se SÇI khlatI hE, jNm denevalI haene ke kar[ jNmdaÇI

Awva SÇI khI jatI hE,

SÇI zBd ‘sTyE’ xatu se bna hE, ‘lJjayuKt’ haena #ska AwR hE,

àyaegvad me< narI zBd ka AwR ‘yaitk’ yain pTnI hE, ‘n&’ ya nr se narI zBd bna

hE, felv&k ke Anusar£ ‘‘narI zBd kayaeR<, kayR êpae< AaEr piriSwityae< ke Anusar

-artIy saihTy me< Anek êpae< me< àcilt hE,’’1

mraQI -a;a me< narI ke il@ SÇI, mihla, kNn–f me< ‘hE<gsu’ A<¢e–jI me<

‘women’ Aaid zBdae< ka àyaeg ikya jata hE, ‘Amrkaez’ ke Anusar narI ke

pyaRyvacI zBd hE< £ SÇI, zaei;ta, Abla, yae;a, mihla, llna, shximR[I, -ayaR

Aaid, -aelanaw itvarI ke Anusar£ Abla, AaErt, #iStrI, kbIla, ka<ta, g&ih[I,

xr[I Aaid narI ke il@ àyuKt zBd hE<,

2. narI AaEr saihTy

hr kal me< narI iksI n iksI êp me< saihTy ke keNÔ me< rhI, smaj se

Alg haekr ijs trh saihTy kI kae$ àit:Qa nhI< hE, %sI trh narI ke ibna

saihTy kI -I àit:Qa nhI< , saihTy AaEr narI ka s<bNx savRkailk hE, kivvr

p<t ke Anusar £ ‘‘SÇI ke ibna s<sar @k A<xera kUp sa hE, SÇI hI Al<karae< me<

69

svaeRTtm Al<kar hE, #ske ibna kivta -I rTtIlI nhI< haetI, yh mxurta kI @k

m&dul SÇaetiSvnI hE, saENdyR kI @k ApUvR oan hE,’’2

-artIy s<Sk&it me< narI kae devI mana gya saw hI saw khI< pap kI oan

-I kha gya, kbIr ne narI kae maya AaEr maeh ka àtIk mana hE tae tulsIdas ne

narI kae Avgu[ae< kI j–f twa duoae< kI oan kha hE, mhaTma ga~xI jI ne za~it,

zalInta, tpSya, Aih<sa Aaid narI jait ke gu[ae< kae sraha hE,

àacIn kal se hI narI jIvn kae lekr Anek æa<itya~ rhI h<E, fa· zIla

rjvar ke Anusar£ ‘‘narI ke s<bNx me< ijtnI æa<itya~ imltI hE<, %tnI kdaict

iksI ANy iv;y pr imltI hae<gI,’’3

ihNdI %pNyas saihTy ke %d!-v kal se hI narI s<bNxI smSyaAae< kae

shj êp me< iciÇt ikya gya hE, ApnI AiStTv r]a me< àyTnrt narI ke ivivx

êp %pNyasae< me< pirli]t haete h<E, ‘‘àTyek yug me< narI kI iSwit AaEr %ske s<";R

kae %pNyas pU[R s]mta ke saw dzaRte hE<,’’4

3. àemcNd pUvR yug AaEr narI icÇ[

3.1. yugIn piriSwitya~:£

àemcNd pUvR ihNdI %pNyas saihTy kI myaRda sn! 1877 se 1918 $· tk

manI jatI hE, rajnIit ke ]eÇ me< àemcNd pUvR yug As<tae; ka kal mana jata hE,

A<¢e–jI zasn VyvSwa ke àit rae; AaEr zasn VyvSwa me< suxar kI ma~g hae rhI

70

wI, #s smy A<¢e–jI iz]a ka àcar wa, xaimRk AaEr samaijk ]eÇae< me<

prMpravaidyae< kI àblta iksI n iksI êp me< rhI, paZcaTy à-av se nye -av

£ivcarae< ka àsar hae rha wa, #s yug me< AayR smaj, äü smaj Aaid ne xaimRk

êi–Fvaidta ka sjIv ivraex ikya, smaj me< VyaPt v[R VyvSwa, bal ivvah ka

ivraex, ivxva ivvah Aaid ka ivraex krke samaijk jIvn me< pirvtRn lane ka

àyTn suxarvadI AaNdaelnae< Öara huAa,

‘‘paZcaTy s<pkR me< Aane ke kar[ kWy me< ivStar AaEr pirvtRn li]t hae

hI rhe we, n$ saihiTyk cetna -I ivkist haene lgI jae g* kI ivi-Nn ivxaAae<

ke êp me< Ai-VyKt hu$,’’5

-arteNdu yugIn %pNyaskarae< ne kla @v< rcna pÏit kI Aaer Jyada Xyan n

idya biLk %Nhae<ne VyiKtgt, pairvairk, samaijk AaEr ra:q+Iy jIvn @v< cirÇ ke

pir:kar kI Aaer Xyan id@, #s yug kI sa~Sk&itk p&:Q-Uim me< %LleonIy A<z

-art ke #ithas kI Aaer Xyan, mhapué;ae< ke àit ïÏa, samaijk ]eÇ me< suxarvadI

manvIy d&i:q Aaid hE<,

iÖvedI yug me< Aakr Svt<Çta s<¢am tIì hae %Qa, rajnIitk s";R ne

iksan, m–jdUr, hirjn, narI Aaid vgaeR< ke s<";R ke saw ju–fkr ra:q+Iy êp xar[

kr ilya, smaj nye sa~Sk&itk mULyae< kI Aaer Aage b–Fa, leikn saèaJyvadI

samNtvadI VyvSwa me< smta AaEr Svt<Çta AaEr VyiKt ka sm¢ ivkas s<-v nhI<

71

wa, -arteNdu yug se Aage b–Fkr saihTy rcna SvCDNd hu$, nye nye êpae< ka

ivkas huAa,

3.2. àemcNd pUvR ihNdI %pNyas saihTy pr ANy -a;aAae< ka à-av> £

ihNdI %pNyas jgt ne àTy]t> b<gla, A<¢e–jI, %dUR, )arsI, s<Sk&t Aaid

-a;aAae< se àer[a àaPt kI hE, ihNdI me<< ‘%pNyas’ zBd b<gla se Aaya, ikzaerI

lal gaeSvamI ke Anusar£ ‘‘%pNyas ka Aar<- b<gla ke b<ikm babU ne ikya, ve

@k idn huKka pIte pIte mnuSm&it p–F rhe we ik %Nhe< %pNyas zBd ka pta cla

AaEr vhI nam %Nhae<ne ¢h[ ikya,’’6 b<gla ke Anek %pNyaskarae< ke %pNyas

ihNdI me< AnUidt hu@, b<ikmcNÔ caqjIR, rmezcNÔ dTt AaEr tarkanaw ga<gulI ke

Anek %pNyas ihNdI me< AnUidt hu@, #sme< b<ikmcNÔ caqjIR ke ‘dugeRzniNdnI’,

‘rajis<h’, ‘#iNdra’, ‘rajxanI’ àmuo hE<, maxv àsad imï ke Anusar £ ‘‘jae hae

irKthSta ihNdI ne b<gla ke s*> pU[R -<–far se kevl ‘%pNyas’ kae hI ¢h[ nhI<

ikya, vrn! #ska bhut£sa %pkr[ -I lºIysI kae %sI mhIysI se imla hE,’’7

ihNdI ke àar<i-k %pNyas ke inmaR[ ke pIDe s<Sk&t kI kwa AaOyaiyka ka

à-av hE, ihNdI ka àwm maEilk %pNyas ‘prI]a gué’ ke leok lala ïIinvas

das jI ne SvIkar ikya hE ik %se s<Sk&t ke mha-artaid, )arsI ke guilSta<,

A<¢e–jI ke la~fR bekn, gaeLfiSmw AaEr ivilym kpUr Aaid se shayta imlI hE,

devkI nNdn oÇI jI ke ivOyat %pNyas ‘cNÔkaNta’ kI àer[a AKbr kalIn

itlSm haezêba twa ANy )arsI itlSmI àem kwaAae< se imlI, àemcNd pUvR yug

72

ke %pNyaskar parsI r<gm<c, %dUR zayrI AaEr s<Sk&t se à-aivt we, zayrI se

r<gInI AaEr s<Sk&t se àem v[Rn #s kal me< àcilt wa,

%NnIsvI< sdI me< A<¢I–jI me< sr AawRr kann fayl ke jasUsI %pNyas ke

à-av ke kar[ b<gla me< jasUsI %pNyas ilone lge, gaepal ghmrI ne b<gla se

‘hIre ka mael’ %pNyas AnUidt kr àkaz kraya, àacIn kwa saihTy ke saw

saw Ska~q ke %pNyasae< AaEr zeKspIyr ke naqkIy paÇae< ka à-av -I #s yug ke

%pNyaskarae< pr p–fa, )arsI kwa saihTy kI ‘itlSme haezêba’, ‘daStane AmIr

hM–ja’ AaEr ‘baeStane Oyal’ jEsI rcnaAae< ne -I àar<i-k %pNyasae< pr ivze; à-av

–fala,

ivjy maehn is<h jI ke Anusar £ ‘‘ihNdI %pNyas ka jNm @k imiït

à-av ke êp me< huAa ijsme< @k Aaer kadMbrI twa mhakaVyae< kI ‘kwayaÇa’ ke

Avze; we twa dUsrI Aaer ArbI£)arsI kI àem kwaAae< ((lEla, mjnU, zIrI,

)rhad, h–jar rate< Aaid)) Öara inimRt pirvez kI sIxI àer[a wI,’’8

4. àemcNd pUvR ihNdI %pNyas saihTy > ivi-Nn zaoa@~>

àemcNd pUvR ihNdI %pNyasae< kae iv;y @v< zElI kI d&i:q se pa~c àmuo zaoaAae< me<

vgIRk&t ikya ja skta hE£

4.1. samaijk %pNyas

4.2. @eithaisk, paErai[k %pNyas

73

4.3. itlSmI, @eyarI %pNyas

4.4. jasUsI %pNyas

4.5. AnUidt %pNyas

4.1. samaijk %pNyasae< me< narI icÇ[>£

àemcNd pUvR yugIn %pNyaskar samaijk smSyaAae< kae lekr ilone lge,

SÇI s<bNxI v[Rnae< kI bhulta #sme< payI jatI hE, àemcNd pUvR yugIn samaijk

%pNyaskarae< me< p<· ïÏaram )uLlaErI, lala ïIinvasdas, ïI balk&:[ -q!q, Qakur

jgmaehn is<h, ïI raxak&:[ das, ïI lJjaram zmaR, ïI ikzaerI lal gaeSvamI,

ïI AyaeXya is<h %paXyay, ïI äjnNdn shay, twa ïI mNnn iÖvedI Aaid àmuo

hE<,

ïI ïÏaram )uLlaErI ke ‘-aGyvtI’ (1877 $·) %pNyas me< ‘-aGyvtI’ namk

SÇI paÇ ke Öara leok -art o{–f ke iSÇyae< kae g&hSw xmR kI iz]a dete hE<, #s

%pNyas me< -aGyvtI izi]t AaEr buiÏmtI narI paÇ hE i)r -I %pNyas kI mUl

àer[a narI kI ivvzta @v< praxInta hE, -aGyvtI Apne ssur kae pÇ ilotI hE £

‘‘mera Kya hE mE< tae "–fe kI mDlI hU~ roaege tae rhU~gI inkal daege clI ja^~gI,

prNtu @k Sm&it rona jh~a jha~ ja^~gI Aap hI ke yha~ kI bhU khla^~gI,’’9 @k

izi]t narI paÇ ke maXym se leok ne SÇI smaj kI Ha~kI jEse ANx ivZvas,

klh, SvCD<d àem, suo£ duo Aaid ka icÇ[ ikya hE,

74

Qakur jgmaehn is<h ka ‘Zyama SvPn’ (1888 $·) %pNyas kI naiyka hE

‘Zyama’, ‘Zyama’ Apne àemI kae devta mankr pUjtI hE, #s àkar kI pUja kae vh

sbse ïe:Q mantI hE, leok ne #s %pNyas me< narI kI tulna àk&it ke saw kI hE,

p<· lJjaram zmaR ke ‘Svt<Ç rma AaEr prt<Ç lúmI’ (1899 $·) %pNyas rma AaEr

lúmI namk dae bihnae< kI khanI hE, rma A<¢e–jI kI iz]a se à-aivt narI paÇ hE,

lúmI -artIy s<Sk&it se, àStut %pNyas Öara leok paZcaTy s_yta ke sm]

-artIy s_yta yain -artIy narI ke paitìTy kI mhTta %d!"aei;t krna cahte

hE<, zmaR jI ke ‘ibg–fe ka suxar’ Awva stI suodevI (1907 $·) %pNyas kI narI

paÇ bnmalI babU kI pTnI suodevI hE jae Apne stITv ke bl pr Apne pit kae

dUsrI AaErt se bcakr Apna letI hE, p<· lJjaram zmaR ke ‘AadzR ihNdU’ (1914

$·) %pNyas kI naiyka iày<vda hE, iày<vda @k AadzR ihNdU mihla hE, %pNyas

ke Aar<- me< iày<vda duZcirÇa hE bad me< vh suxr jatI hE, àStut %pNyas me< Anek

samaijk smSyaAae< ka -I icÇ[ leok ne ikya hE, jEse £ ihNdUpn ka nmUna,

snatn xmR ka idGdzRn Aaid,

ikzaerI lal gaeSvamI ke àay> s-I %pNyas SÇI àxan hE<, àem kae %Nhae<ne

%pNyasae< me< Jyadatr àmuota dI hE, gaeSvamI jI ke ‘lIlavtI va AadzR stI’

(1901 $·) %pNyas me< lIlavtI AaEr klavtI namk dae iSÇyae< kI khanI iciÇt hE,

lIlavtI stI saXvI narI paÇ hE AaEr klavtI smaj kI suo suivxaAae< se à-aivt

hE, #s %pNyas Öara leok ka %d!deZy lIlavtI ke stITv ka ivjy yain àacIn

75

-artIy AadzaeR< ka ivjy idoana hE, gaeSvamI jI ke ‘punRjNm va saEitya

dah’(1907 $·) %pNyas kI naiyka Ai-mainnI @v< kuiql Sv-av kI ‘suzIla’ hE,

suzIla AavZyk AnavZyk batae< me< klh krtI rhtI hE, %pNyas kI AaEr @k

narI paÇ hE£ ‘suNdrI’ jae ivnè @v< m&du Sv-av kI AaErt hE, #sI Sv-av twa

ivze;taAae< ke kar[ suzIla ke pit suNdrI kae Pyar krte hE, ANt m<e suzIla

suNdrI ke Sv-av se pirict haekr %skI zadI Apne pit se kra detI hE, saEtae< ka

Anaeoa mel %pNyas me< idoaya gya hE,‘‘leok kI sMmit hE ik saEitne< suzIla

AaEr suNdrI ka sa btaRv kre< AaEr pué; sJjnis<h kI -a~it di][ nayk ka sa

Aacr[ kre<’’10,

gaeSvamI jI ke %pNyasae< me< stI saXvI deivyae< ke AadzR àem icÇ[,

ivxvaAae< ke Vyi-car, veZyaAae< ke kuiTst jIvn, devdaisyae< ke jIvn, salI£

bhnae$ ke àem Aaid ke icÇ[ imlte hE,

ïI AyaeXyais<h %paXyay ke ‘Qek ihNdI ka Qaq ya devbala’ (1899 $·) me<

Anmel ivvah ka du:pir[am iciÇt hE, lJjaram zmaR ke ‘suzIla ivxva’ ivxva

ivvah kae Aaxar bnakr iloa gya %pNyas hE, stI àwa ka Anumaedn krke

iloa gya gaeSvamI jI ke ‘rajkumarI’ Aaid %pNyasae< me< SÇI smSyaAae< kae

àmuota dI gyI hE,

samaijk smSyaAae< pr bl dekr iloe gye #n samaijk %pNyasae< me< narI

AaEr narI smSyaAae< ka -I smavez ikya gya hE, stITv kI mihma, AadzR

76

Aacr[ ka mhTv Aaid tTvae< kae àmuota idya gya hE, narI paÇae< me< Anekae< ke devI

êp samne Aate hE<, duZcirÇ paÇae< kae s–ja imlte hu@ idoaya gya hE,

4.2. @eithaisk AaEr paErai[k %pNyasae< me< narI icÇ[>£

àemcNd pUvR yug ke @eithaisk %pNyasae< me< narI kI vIrta, xEyR, sahs Aaid

kae àdizRt ikya gya hE, ïI ikzaerI lal gaeSvamI jI ke ‘ùdyhair[I va AadzR

rm[I’ (1904 $·) %pNyas kI naiyka rajkNya kusumkumarI àStut gu[ae< se yuKt

narI paÇ hE, g<ga àsad guPt ke ‘nUrjh~’ (1902 $·), ïI mwura àsad zmaR ka

‘nUrjha~ begm v jha~gIr’ (1905 $·) %pNyasae< me< vIr nairyae< ka icÇ[ hE,

‘lv<glta ya AadzR bala’ kI lv<glta, ‘knkkusum va mStanI’ kI mStanI

Aaid nairya~ sIta saivÇI ka AadzR vhn krtI hE,

#s kal ke @eithaisk %pNyasae< ke bare me< àay> yh Aaraep lgaya gya hE

ik #s kal ke s-I %pNyas @eithaisk nhI< hE, @eithaisk %pNyasae< me< narI ke

vIr êp ke àdizRt krne ke pIDe @k kar[ wa £ -artIy AadzaeR< kI r]a, #n

AadzaeR< se -artIy narI khI< dUr n haene ke %d!deZy se àay> @eithaisk %pNyasae< me<

narI ke icÇ[ #s àkar ikye gye, ‘‘kuD snatn xmIR laegae< kae #s bat ka -y wa

ik khI< -artIy narI paZcaTy narI ka êp n xar[ kr le<, #sil@ paErai[k stI

saXvI nairyae< kI jIvn gawaAae< kae Aaxar bnakr %pNyas iloe gye,’’11

ikzaerI lal gaeSvamI ke ‘lv<glta va AadzR bala’(1904 $·) %pNyas kI

naiyka hE £ lv<glta, lv<glta ke cirÇ me< shnzIlta, àem, dya, mmta, ]ma

77

Aaid gu[ae< ka smavez ikya gya hE, ATyacarI nvab israjuÎaEla Öara pk–fvakr

vh ‘hIra HIl’ namk mhl me< biNdnI hae jatI hE, leikn vh –frtI nhI<, Apne àem

me< Aql ivZvas rotI hE, ANt me< àemI mdnmaehn %ske pas phu~cta hE,

Anek @eithaisk %pNyaskarae< ne @eithaisk "qnaAae< ke saw saw àem

khainyae< ka -I icÇ[ kLpna ke saw jae–f kr ikya hE, fa· ramcNÔ itvarI ke

Anusar £ ‘‘àemcNd pUvR yug ke leokae< kI àv&iTt #ithas kI Aaer se hqkr

à[y£kwaAae<, ivlas£lIlaAae<, rhSy às<gae< twa kutUhlvÏRk "qnac³ae< kI

kLpna me< lIn hae jatI hE<, ve kLpna se Aixk kam lete h<E, @eithaisk Dan bIn

km krte hE<,’’12

ïI ikzaerI lal gaeSvamI, ïI g<ga àsad guPt,ïI jyramdas guPt, ïI

mwura àsad zmaR, ïI bldev àsad imï twa babU äjnNdn shay AaEr imïbNxuAae<

ne @eithaisk %pNyasae< kI rcna krke %pNyas kI idza ma–ef dI,

#n @eithaisk %pNyaskarae< ne pura[ ke stI saXvI nairyae< ke jIvn kae

lekr -I %pNyas iloe hE, #sme< narI paÇae< ka kae$ ivze; Swan nhI< wa, ijtna

pué; ka hE, ‘‘paErai[k %pNyasae< me< devI ziKtya~ Awva AlaEikk ziKtyae< ke àit

ivSmy ka -av jag&t krna twa vEidk kal se clI Aa rhI sa~Sk&itk AaSwa kae

jIvNt bnaye rona d&i:qkae[ rha hE,’’13

78

àemcNd pUvR yugIn @eithaisk AaEr paErai[k %pNyasae< me< Apne dez kI r]a

ke il@ jan dene ke il@ tEyar huyI< vIr llnaAae< ke cirÇ icÇ[ Öara yh kh skte

hE< ik #nme< narI kI -UUimka kevl Apne pirvar AaEr dez ke il@ mrna hI hE,

4.3. itlSmI, @eyarI %pNyasae< me< narI icÇ[>£

ihNdI me< itlSmI, @eyarI %pNyasae< ke àvtRk babU devkI nNdn oÇI hE,

‘cNÔkaNta’ (1988 $·) oÇI jI ke ivOyat itlSmI, @eyarI %pNyas hE,

‘cNÔkaNta’ %pNyas kI naiyka ivjyg–F ke raja jyis<h kI puÇI cNÔkaNta hE,

cNÔkaNta ol nayk Öara @k itlSm me< bNd hae jatI hE, %skI àemI vIreNÔis<h

itlSm tae–fkr cNÔkaNta kae muKt krata hE, yhI ‘cNÔkaNta’ ka kwasar hE,

cNÔkaNta ke AitirKt %pNyas ke ANy narI paÇ £ cpla, cMpa AaEr

mnaerma Aaid @eyairne< hE, @eyarI jEsa kayR ijsme< ka)I jaeiom AaEr sahs ka

àdzRn krna haeta hE, #n narI paÇae< kae %sme< -ag letI deo %nke kayR paQkae< kae

muGx AEr iviSmt krte hE<,

itlSmI, @eyarI %pNyasae< ke Aixka~z A<z hE< iksI ojane ka guPt -ed,

AaEr iksI Ain<* suNdrI rajkumarI kI àem kwa ka v[Rn Aaid, xn ke saw AaErt

ka AiviCDNn s<bNx, yh %n kwaAae< kI pr<pra wI ijsme< ztR jItnevale

rajkumar kae rajkumarI ke saw Aaxa raJy -I imlta wa, #n %pNyasae< me< bure

VyiKtyae< ke àtIk olnaiykaAae< ka -I icÇ[ hE,

79

oÇI jI ne ‘cNÔka<ta s<tit £ 24 -ag (1896 $·), nreNÔ maeihnI (1893 $·),

vIreNÔ vIr (1895 $·), kusum kumarI (1899 $·) Aaid itlSmI @eyarI %pNyasae< kI

rcna kI, #n %pNyasae< me< narI kI -Uimka kevl rajkumarae< kae àem krnevalI

àeimkaAae< ke êp me< hE, %pNyas me< olnaiyka@~, @eyairne< -I àaPt haetI hE, suNdr

rajkumairyae< ka v[Rn #n %pNyasae< me< imlta hE, Aixka~zt> kae$ itlSm me< bNd

haekr àemI rajkumar ke il@ #Ndjar krtI hu$ suNdrI rajkumairya~ itlSmI, @eyarI

%pNyasae< kI naiyka@~ haetI hE<, fa· yaegez sUrI ke Anusar £ ‘‘itlSmI, @eyarI

%pNyasae< me< nairyae< ka icÇ[ )arsI pirpaqI ke Anusar huAa hE, @esI nairya~ iksI

kI -I prvah nhI< krtI, Apne SvawR ke il@ hI sb kuD krne ke il@ tTpr hae

jatI hE<,’’14

‘‘suNdrI rajkumairyae< ke Aphr[ AaEr itlSmI #martae< ke AitirKt #n

%pNyasae< ka kae$ mhTv saihiTyk d&i:q se nhI< hE, prNtu %pNyas kI laekiàyta

kI d&i:q se @esI rcna@~ àit:Qa kI parka:Qa pr phu~c gyI<,’’15

4.4. jasUsI %pNyasae< me< narI icÇ[

itlSmI, @eyarI %pNyasae< kI laekiàyta ne jasUsI %pNyasae< kae jNm idya,

paZcaTy dezae< ke à-av se #sI àv&iTt kae ihNdI %pNyas ]eÇ me< Avtirt krne ka

ïey ïI gaepal ram ghmrI kae jata hE, ‘Ad!-ut laz’ (1898 $·), ‘guPtcr’ (1899

$·), ‘beksUr kI )a~sI’(1900 $·), ‘oUnI kaEn’ (1900 $·), ‘begunah ka oUn’ (1900

$·), ‘jasUs kI -Ul’ (1901 $·), ‘jasUs kI @eyarI’ (1914 $·) Aaid ghmrI jI ke

80

àmuo %pNyas h<E, ïI ramlal vmaR, jyramdas guPta Aaid #s ]eÇ ke ANy

%pNyaskar hE<,

mnaer<jn ke %d!deZy se iloe gye jasUsI %pNyasae< me< narI kI Alg -Uimka

nhI< hE, #n %pNyasae< me< narI ka Abla êp hI samne Aata hE, pué; vgR ka kevl

%s pr zasn wa, narI kevl pué; ke haw kI kQputlI bnkr rh g$, pué; vgR

%se Apne #zarae< pr nca skta wa, ghmrI jI ne Apne %pNyasae< me< @k àkar ka

nEitk d&i:qkae[ roa hE, ghmrI jI ne Aacr[zIl narI paÇae< ka icÇ[ ikya hE,

#s kaeiq ke %pNyasae< me< narI ka Svt<Ç VyiKtTv idoa$ nhI< deta,

4.5. AnUidt %pNyasae< me< narI icÇ[

ihNdI me< %pNyasae< ke Anuvad kI pr<pra -arteNdu ke smy se zuê hae gyI

wI, àar<- me< b<gla %pNyaskarae< ke %pNyasae< ka Anuvad huAa, -arteNdu jI ke

AnUidt %pNyas hE< £ ‘cNÔà-a pU[Ràkaz’, #s %pNyas me< Anmel ivvah ke

du:pir[amae< kae iciÇt ikya gya hE, -arteNdu jI ne Apne %pNyasae< me< SÇI smaj ke

àit d&i:qkae[ àkq ikya hE, -arteNdu jI ihNdU narI ka suxar krna cahte we,

%Nha<ene àwm bar narI kae sMman kI d&i:q se deoa AaEr %nke ivkas kI ce:qa kI,

-arteNdu jI ne ‘cNÔà-a pU[R àkaz’ me< narI ke àit #s suxarvadI d&i:qkae[ kae

Apnaya hE, babU gjaxr is<h ke ‘dugeRz niNdnI’, ‘b<g ivjeta’ Aaid àmuo AnUidt

%pNyas hE<, kaitRk àsad oÇI ke #la, àimla, jya AaEr mxumaltI Aaid

%pNyasae< me< narI smSyaAae< kae àmuota dI gyI hE,

81

5. àemcNd yugIn ihNdI %pNyasae< me< narI icÇ[

5.1. yugIn piriSwitya~>£

àemcNd yug -artIyae< ke il@ inraza jnk kal wa, praxInta ke kar[

jnsaxar[ ka jIvn k:q me< bIt rha wa, dez kI AajadI hI àmuo mud!da

wa,‘‘sn! 1885 me< -artIy ra:q+Iy s-a (#<ifyn neznl ka<¢es) kI Swapna ke

daEran rajnEitk Svat<Èy kI -avna ka àaduR-av huAa AaEr dez me< @k n$ %m<g twa

n$ hlcl pEda hae g$,’’16

bIsvI< sdI ke àwm v;R me< lafR kjRn jEse zaskae< ka kal wa, jae dmn

£nIit pr ivZvas rote we, praxInta ke kar[ -artIyae< kI AaiwRk iSwit -I

dynIy wI, smaj me< iSÇyae< ka jIvn kiQna$yae< ke bIc gu–jra, AaiwRk A-av

samaijk smSyaAae< ka -I kar[ bna, A<¢e–jI iz]a ka àcar wa, l–fikyae< kae

iz]a se v<ict ikya gya, smaj me< dhej àwa, s<bNx ivCDed, ivxva smSya,

bal ivvah, Anmel ivvah,ANtRjatIy ivvah, veZyav&iTt Aaid smSyaye< VyaPt

wI<,

‘‘AaiwRk, samaijk kar[ae< se s<yuKt pirvarae< ke qUqne kI s<-avna b–FtI ja

rhI wI, SÇI pirvar ka sdSy haekr -I s<yuKt pirvar kI s<piTt kI ihSsedar nhI<

hae sktI wI, ihNdU narI ka s<piTt pr kae$ Aixkar nhI< wa, AaiwRk d&i:q se vh

pué; pr in-Rr wI,’’17

82

5.2. Ga~xIjI ka Aagmn>£

Ga~xIjI ka Aagmn ihNdI saihTy ]eÇ me< @k ra:q+Iy "qna wI, ga~xIjI

inrpe] sTy ke saw -aEitk jIvn kI iv;mtaAae< AaEr Vyapk jIvn mULyae< se s<bÏ

sape] sTy kI Vyavhairkta kae SvIkar krte we, SvdezI ka isÏaNt %nkI

Vyavhairk d&i:q kI Aaxar izla hE, Svdez seva AaEr xmaRcr[ kae %Nha<ene mhTv

idya, %Nhae<ne sa<àdaiyk @kta, ASp&Zyta invar[, m*pan £ in;ex, oadI @v<

¢amae*aeg, ga~vae< kI s)a$, mat&-a;a àem, ra:q+ àem, AaiwRk smanta, iksanae<,

mjdUrae< AaEr iv*aiwRyae< ka s<gQn, Aaidvaisyae< kI seva Aaid kae mhTvpU[R kayR

mana, jnsaxar[ kI s<vedna kae va[I denevale saihTy kae hI mhaTma ga~xI jI

svRïe:Q mante we, %nke Anusar £ ‘‘saihTykar ke il@ àaPt krnevalI phlI

vStu sTy hE %ske bad izv AaEr suNdr Svy< hI àaPt hae ja@ga,’’18

àemcNd pr ga~xIjI ka Sp:q à-av p–fa wa, ga~xIjI ihNdU muslmanae< kI

@kta cahte we, kha jata hE ik gaeropur kI s-a me< mhaTma ga~xI ke inm<Ç[ pr

àemcNd ne ApnI bIs v;R kI srkarI naEkrI se TyagpÇ de idya, ‘àemaïm’

%pNyas ka nayk àemz<kr ga~xIvadI AadzaeR< ka àitinix hE, àemz<kr ga~xIjI kI

-a~it jnseva ke àit Apne kae smipRt s<ympU[R jIvn pÏit Apnata hE,

ga~xIjI narI kI ziKt kae mante we, 1930 me< nmk kanUn -<g krne ka

AaNdaeln iD–fa AaEr ga~xIjI ne #s AaNdaeln me< iSÇyae< ka Aah!van ikya, kha

83

jata hE ik h–jarae< mihlaAae< ne #sme< -ag ilya, Ashyaeg AaNdaeln me< 3000 se

Aixk iSÇya~ igr)tar hu$ wI<, ga~xIjI ne smaj suxar kI d&i:q se narI kae

AaTmin-Rr bnane ka kam ikya, saw hI samaijk kurIityae< ke ivéÏ -I Aavaj

bulNd kI,

5.3. ivdezI saihTy ka à-av>£

àemcNd yug me< ivdezI saihTy ka à-av ihNdI %pNyasae< pr Sp:q idoa$

deta hE, qalSqaey, raema<£raela, gaekIR Aaid ke saihTy se àemcNd à-aivt we,

àemcNd ne Svy< qalSqay se Apne kae à-aivt mana hE, àemcNd ilote hE<£

‘‘Aajkl ka%{q qalSqay ke ikSse p–F cukI hU~, tb se kuD r<g kI tr) tibyt

ma$l hE,’’19 àemcNd ne qalSqay ke sman smaj suxar kI kLpna kI, qalSqay

ke sman àemcNd -I manv ke gu[ae< me< d&–F ivZvas rote we, ês kI ³a<it ka

icÇ[ qalSqay ne ikya,

fa· #NÔnaw mdan kae iloe Apne @k pÇ me< àemcNd ne Svy< raema<£ raela ke

àit Aaki;Rt haene kI bat ka %Lleo ikya hE, dilt AaEr smaj kI nIc jaityae<

ke àit raema£raela ka mnae-av àemcNd ne Apnaya wa, dEn<idn jIvn s<bNxI

raema£raela kI saihiTyk zElI àemcNd me< -I imltI hE,

gaekIR AaEr àemcNd smkalIn leok we, daenae< hI svRhara vgR ke ihmaytI

we, daenae< ne %CcvgR ka ivraex ikya ijNhae<ne grIb iksan AaEr m–jdUrae< ka zae;[

ikya, gaekIR ke àit àemcNd ivze; ïÏa rote we, ‘‘jb gaekIR ka deha<t huAa tae

84

bImarI ke bavjUd -I àemcNd ne rat kae bEQkr -a;[ tEyar ikya ijse vh p–F nhI<

paye,’’20

5.4. àemcNd ke %pNyasae< me< narI icÇ[>£

àemcNd ke àay> s-I %pNyasae< me< narI smSyaAae< ka %Lleo imlta hE,

‘sevasdn’(1918 $·), ‘àemaïm’(1921 $·), ‘inmRla’(1927 $·), ‘r<g-Uim’(1925 $·),

‘kayakLp’ (1926 $·), ‘gbn’(1931 $·), ‘kmR-Uim’(1932 $·), ‘gaedan’(1936 $·)

AaEr ‘m<glsUÇ’(1936 $·) àemcNd ke àisÏ %pNyas hE<,

‘sevasdn’ %pNyas me< àemcNd ne Anmel ivvah kI pir[ityae< pr ivcar

ikya hE, #s %pNyas kI naiyka hE sumn, jae phle @k veZya wI, %pNyas ke

ANy narI paÇ hE<£ zaNta, veZya -aelIba$ Aaid, Anmel ivvah ke kar[ sumn kae

veZyav&iTt ApnanI p–fI, Axe–f %è ke pit kae Daef–kr vh -aelIba$ ke kaeQe pr

phu~ctI hE, vha~ se sumn veZyav&iTt Apna letI hE, veZyav&iTt Dae–fne ke bad -I

ivgt jIvn ka du:à-av %nke pirvar pr -I p–fta hE, bdnamI ke -y se bihn

za<ta sumn kae Apne "r se jane ke l@ khtI hE, %pNyas me< àemcNÔ jI veZyaAae<

ke %Ïar ke il@ iciNtt idoa$ dete h<E, pd!mis<h Öara àemcNÔ sevasdn kI

Swapna kI kLpna krte hE,

‘vrdan’ %pNyas @k pairvairk khanI hE, #s %pNyas kI SÇI paÇ hE £

b&jranI (ivrjn) , vh paitìTy xmR ka paln krtI hE, Aacr[zIl pit kae

sumagR pr latI hE, àemcNd kI narI -avna àacIn -artIy narI ke jIvnadzaeR< pr

85

Aaxairt hE, #n AadzaeR< se yuKt narI paÇae< kae %pNyasae< me< àmuota dete hE<, àemcNd

ke narI paÇ AadzRpU[R Vyvhar krtI hE<, àemcNd jI ne ‘kmR-Uim’ %pNyas kI

naiyka skIna, inmRla %pNyas kI ‘inmRla’, gaedan kI maltI Aaid narI paÇae< ke

maXym se dhej àwa, veZya smSya, àem kI smSya, pairvairk smSya Aaid ka

A<kn ikya hE, saei)ya $sa$ xmaRvl<bI hE, vh @k kq!Qr ihNdU ma~ ka puÇ ivny se

àem krtI hE, saei)ya àem pr bil haena nhI< cahtI At> ivvah krne se #nkar

krtI hE, saei)ya àem ka A<t ivvah nhI<, bildan smHtI hE, Apne àem kae

saei)ya AaXyaiTmk êp dena cahtI hE, àem ivvah me< xmR yid baxa êp hE tae Aage

clkr baxk n rhne pr -I àemcNd %skI pir[it ivvah me< nhI< idoate ,

‘r<g-Uim’ %pNyas kI ‘skIna -I ivvaiht AmrkaNt se àem krne kI yatna shne

kae baXy haetI hE, leikn vh jantI hEe ik AmrkaNt ka %sse ivvah nhI< hae

skta, VywR hI n tae %nkI pTnI kae k:q dena cahtI hE n AmrkaNt ke

pirvarvalae< kae, ‘skIna’ àemcNdIy pr<pra ke Anusar pirvar kae iDNn i-Nn krna

nhI< cahtI, At> skIna -I Apne àem me< As)l isÏ haetI hE, ‘inmRla’ %pNyas

me< Anmel ivvah kI smSya ke saw saw ivmata ka àZn -I %Qaya gya hE,

inmRla AaEr m<saram kI Aayu me< Aixk ANtr nhI< hE, At> pit taetaram kae pTnI

pr sNdeh haeta hE, inmRla pit ka ³aex shtI hE, inmRla kI trh ‘kayakLy’

%pNyas kI ‘deviàya’ -I daMpTy jIvn me< duoI rhtI hE, àem pane me< As)l narI

paÇae< ka icÇ[ àemcNd ne Apne %pNyasae< me< ikya hE,

86

àemcNd narI s<bNxI Apne ivcar kae àkq krte hu@ khte hE< £ ‘‘mE< àai[yae<

ke ivkas me< SÇI ke pd kae pué;ae< ke pd se ïe:Q smHta hU~, %sI trh jEse àem,

Tyag AaEr ïÏa kae ih<sa AaEr s<¢am AaEr klh se ïe:Q smHta hU~, SÇI pué; se

%tnI ïe:Q hE ijtna àkaz A<xere se, mnu:y ke il@ ]ma AaEr dya AaEr Tyag AaEr

Aih<sa jIvn ke %Jvltm AadzR hE<, narI #n AadzR kae àaPt kr cukI hE,’’21

àemcNd jI narI ke il@ faKqrI, AXyapn Aaid kam sMmannIy mante we,

‘kayakLp’ %pNyas kI AhLya pit kI AaiwRk iSwit me< shayk haena cahtI hE,

leikn pit pTnI ke -r[ £ pae;[ ka -ar Svy< lena cahta hE, AaiwRk ivpNnta ke

sMmuo praSt hae jane pr -I pTnI kI shayta nhI< lena cahta, ‘kmR-Uim’

%pNyas kI suoda AXyaipka hE, ‘gaedan’ kI narI paÇ ‘gaemtI’ faKqr hE,

àemcNd ka s<SkarvadI Aa¢h narI ke il@ dátrae< kayaRlyae< me< kam krna %ict v

AavZyk nhI< manta,

àemcNd jI kI naiykaAae< me< ]ma, shnzIlta haete hu@ -I k-I k-I

ivÔaeih[I -I bn jatI hE<, ‘r<g-Uim’ %pNyas kI ‘#Ndu’ ANyay ke àit Apna rae;

#s àkar àkq krtI hE £ ‘‘yh ANyay nhI< tae AaEr Kya hE, "aer ATyacar, khne

kae tae ranI hU~, leikn #tna AiOtyar -I nhI< ik "r se bahr ja skU~, muHse tae

laE<i–fya ACDI hE<,’’22

87

5.5. àemcNd yug ke ANy %pNyaskar AaEr narI icÇ[>£

àemcNd yug ke @k %LleonIy %pNyaskar hE< £ jyz<kr àsad, àsad jI

ke ‘ittlI’ %pNyas ke dae narI paÇ hE< £ zEla AaEr ittlI, ivdez se AayI zEla

ka VyiKtTv Svavl<bI hE, ittlI àsad jI kI d&i:q me< AadzR narI twa AadzR

VyiKtTv ka %dahr[ hE, ittlI AaEr zEla ke ivcarae< me< i-Nnta hE, ittlI ipta ke

khne pr mxubn se zadI krtI hE, àem kae vh ktRVy mantI hE,

àsad jI ke Anusar narI ka gaErv maÇ AmUtR Str pr hI hE jbik

Vyavhairk Str pr pué; ke àit SÇI ka pU[R smpR[ twa Tyag hI %nka crm

lúy bna rhta hE, ‘zEla’ ke VyiKtTv me< smpR[ se Aixk Svt<Çta kI #CDa hE,

Aaxuink SÇI kI maniskta hm zEla me< deo skte hE<, àacIn narI ke AadzaeR< kae

vhn krnevalI narI paÇ hE £ ittlI, %pNyas ke ANt me< ittlI ne zEla kae -I

Apne ivcarae< kI AnugaimnI bna idya, vh inyimt êp se baba ramnaw ke yha~

ihtaepdez p–Fne jatI hE AaEr -artIy s<Sk&it kae Apnakr #NÔdev ke inkq Aana

cahtI hE, ittlI me< narI kI keNÔIyta %skI AaiwRk muiKt se ju–fI hu$ hE AaEr

ittlI kI àem xar[a narI kI #s AaiwRk muiKt ke s<d-R me< hI inimRt haetI hE,

àStut %pNyas Öara leok -artIy twa paZcaTy jIvn kI pÏityae< ka ÖNÖ

idoata hE AaEr A<t me< -artIy jIvn pÏit kI ivjy idoata hE, àsad jI ke

‘k<kal’ %pNyas kI narI paÇ ‘gala’ iSÇyae< ke ^pr haenevale ATycarae< ke ivéÏ

Aava–j %QatI hE £ ‘‘ pué; iSÇyae< pr sdEv ATyacar krte hE<, khI< khI< suna gya

88

ik Amuk SÇI ne Amuk pué; ke àit @esa hI ANyay ikya, pr<tu pué;ae< ka yh

saxar[ Vyvsay hE, iRSÇyae< pr Aa³m[ krna,’’23

isyaram zr[ guPt jI ne Apne %pNyas ‘narI’ ke maXym se yugIn narI kae

SvIkar ikya hE, %pNyas kI naiyka ‘ymuna’ @k bCce kI ma~ hE cU~ik pit kI

sur]a se v<ict hE, #sil@ pUre pirvar kI êo %ske àit z<kalu twa ih<sk hE,

@ese me< %se sur]a ka AaZvasn twa shanu-Uit Aijt se imltI hE, leikn

êi–FvadI nEitkta %se #s s<bNx kI SvIk&it -I nhI< detI, ymuna kae kevl sih:[u

twa xEyR se kam lena wa, pUre pirvar kI ih<sa kae vh AkelI SÇI ke êp me< shtI

hE AaEr #s shne kae hI Apna sbse s<bl AaEr mULy smHtI hE,

jmuna êi–FvadI nEitkta ke bIc ipstI hu$ narI hE twa %skI s<";R ]mta

pUrI Sva-aivkta ke saw VyKt hu$ hE, êi–FvadI samaijk maNyta@~, puÇ hLlI AaEr

àemI Aijt #n sbke bIc ymuna ka narITv prI]a kI crm iSwityae< se gu–jrta hE

leikn vh Aivijt rhtI hE, puÇ hLlI ke àit àem AaEr ktRVy kae Xyan me< rokr

ApnI maNytaAae< ka %daTtIkr[ krtI hE, leikn Apne ùdy kae vh samaNy twa

shj manvIy s<bNxae< ke il@ oula rotI hE, %pNyas ke maXym se leok ne yh

SvIkar ikya ik narI kI pivÇta kI map ùdy kI pivÇta pr Aaxairt hE, pit

kI AnupiSwit me< ANy pué; ke %pkarae< se dbkr %se AiNtm sIma tk psNd

krtI hE tae -I ymuna AadzR pTnI hE, ‘‘ymuna me< @k àkar ka naiykTv hE jae pUre

89

smaj ke ivéÏ Aivcl rota hE, Aijt ke àit %ske àem me< -I sahs, sih:[uta

twa kaéi[kta imlI hu$ hE,’’24

inrala jI ke àar<i-k dae %pNyas ‘Alka‘ AaEr ‘APsra’ me< veZya @v< pit

pTnI ke s<bNxae< ke bare me< iciÇt ikya gya hE, inrala jI ka Aaer @k àaE–F

%pNyas hE £‘inépma’, #s %pNyas kI narI paÇ hE £ inépma, inépma ka

ApnI vgIRy sIma se bahr jakr k&:[kumar se àem krna narI muiKt ke AaNdaelnae<

ka hI @k p] %piSwt krta hE, suo suivxaAae< ke bIc plI hu$ xnI yuvtI hE

inépma, baEiÏk d&i:q se tejSvI yuvk kI Aaer Aaki;Rt hae jatI hE, inépma ke

cirÇ me< manvIy %dartavad kI -avna kI Hlk hE,

-gvtI cr[ vmaR ke ivOyat %pNyas ‘icÇleoa’ %pNyas kI naiyka hE

icÇleoa, icÇleoa cNÔguPt maEyR kal kI @k ntRkI hE, saw hI %sme< Apar

saENdyR AaEr buiÏ -I hE, icÇleoa mUlt> pué; kI v<cna ka izkar hE, #sil@

k-I k-I ivÔaehI Svr %sse inkltI hE, icÇleoa yaegI kumarigir se khtI hE £

‘‘mE< jantI hU~ ik tum muHse àem krte hae<, pr mE< tumse àem nhI< krtI, @k ][ ke

il@ merI #CDa tum pr AaixpTy jmane kI hu$ wI, AaEr mE<ne %ska àyTn ikya, mE<

s)l -I hu$ ,’’25

pr<pragt SÇI kI maNyta pr bl detI hu$ icÇleoa khtI hE £ ‘‘àk&it ne

SÇI kae zasn krne ke il@ nhI< bnaya hE SÇI zaist haene ke il@ bna$ g$ hE,

90

AaTm smpR[ ke il@··········SÇI ka ]eÇ hE £ AaTm smpR[, Apne AiStTv kae

Apne àemI ke AiStTv me< imla dena,’’26

àemcNd yugIn %pNyaskarae< ka narI ke àit suxarvadI d&i:qkae[ wa, %Nhae<ne

narI iz]a pr –jaer idya ‘‘àemcNd yug ke %pNyasae< me< narI jIvn ke s-I p]ae< pr

àkaz –fala gya hE, #s yug ke %pNyaskarae< ke sMmuo ra:q+Iy -avna, narI kI

pairvairk, samaijk AaEr AaiwRk smSya@e< @v< %nke AadzaeR< kI êpreoa Sp:q hae

cukI wI, #s kar[ #s yug ke lg-g s-I %pNyaskarae< kae narI kI ivi-Nn

smSyaAae< ke icÇ[ maÇ se s<tae; nhI< huAa, %Nhae<ne #n smSyaAae< ke inrakr[ pr

-I suxarvadI –F<g se ivcar ikya hE,’’27

#s yug ke %pNyaskarae< ke %pNyasae< me< Anmel ivvah, dhej àwa, ra:q+Iy

cetna, ivivx pairvairk smSyaAae< ka %Lleo imlte h<E, pa<fey becen zmaR %¢ ke

‘zrabI’ %pNyas me< "r kI dirÔta, ipta kI VyvsayaxInta Aaid ke kar[ ivvz

haekr veZya Vyvsay ApnanevalI narI kI khanI hE, %nke ANy %pNyas ‘jI jI

jI’ me< narI kae inbRl AaEr Ashay Swaipt ikya gya hE, ivZv<-rnaw zmaR kaEizk

kI ‘ma~’ (1929 $·), ‘i-oair[I’ (1929 $·) àmuo h<E, ‘ma~’ me< mata ka Sneh, Tyag

kI mihma kae %d!"aiqt ikya gya hE, ‘i-oair[I’ %pNyas me< naiyka ‘jSmae’ kI

Tyag kI khanI hE, àemI kI Sm&it me< AajIvn i-oair[I bnkr jSmae rhtI hE,

#s àkar àemcNd yugIn %pNyaskarae< ne narI AaEr narI kI smSyaAae< kae

Apne %pNyasae< me< àmuota dI, kuD leokae< ne yh Swaipt ikya ik narI kI smSya

91

ka smaxan AaiwRk Svt<Çta hE, leikn ivicÇ bat hE ik AaiwRk d&i:q se narI kae

pué; se Jyada sus<pNn -I QIk nhI< mana gya, àemcNd ne Apne yug ke SÇI kI

Jvl<t smSyaAae< kae Apne %pNyasae< ka iv;y bnaya AaEr kuD hd tk #n

smSyaAae< ka smaxan -I pez krna caha,

6. àemcNdaeTtr yug me< narI icÇ[

6.1. yugIn piriSwitya~>£

àemcNd ke bad dez me< Anek mhTvpU[R "qna@~ hu$ hE< iÖtIy mhayuÏ, 1942

ka ra:q+Iy ivÔaeh, b<gal ka -I;[ Akal, Aaid #nme< àmuo hE<, Anek iSÇya~ 1942

kI jn³a<it me< -ag lekr karagr me< bNd huyI<, su-a;cNÔ baes ke Öara ‘Aa–jad

ihNd )aEj’ kI Swapna kI g$, mihlaAae< kI Alg sena ka net&Tv kEPqn lúmI ne

ikya wa, àemcNd yug me< prMpranugt man mULyae<, prMpraAae<, ivZvasae< AaEr AadzaeR<

ke àit iveÔaeh ka jae Svr àCDNn wa vh #s yug me< Aakr tIì hae gya,

‘‘#<ifyn neznl ka~¢es ke si³y Svat<Èy àyas, ra:q+VyapI sa~Sk&itk £

rajnIitk gitivixya~, ³a<itkairyae< kI -Uimgt kayRvaihya~, netajI su-a; cNÔ baes

kI Aa–jad ihNd sena @v< bmaR me< %skI samirk %pliBxya~, b<gal ka -I;[

Akal, A-UtpUvR mh<ga$, srkar kI Aaer se zrn£ VyvSwa, dez ka bqvara,

Svt<Çta àaiPt, ihNdu muslmanae< ke sa<àdaiyk d<ge AaEr markaq, zr[awIR smSya

92

Aaid Anek ra:q+VyapI "qna@~ AaEr gitivixya~ samaijk jIvn kae ApnI ghnta

twa ivzdta me< à-aivt kr rhI wI,’’28

àemcNdaeTtr kal me< prMpra, s<Skar AaEr ivZvasae< pr Aaxairt jIvn mULyae<

ka iv"qn haene lga, prMpragt pap£pu{y, xmR£AxmR, st! Ast!, cirÇ£duZcirÇ,

nEitkta£AnEitkta, pivÇta£ApivÇta Aaid ke mand<–f bdl g@, jIvn ke

ivi-Nn ]eÇae<£ àem, ivvah, narI -avna, SÇI £pué; s<bNx Aaid se s<bÏ mULyae< kae

prone ka d&i:qkae[ hI bdl gya,

-artIy AaXyaiTmk jIvn ke AadzaeR<£ Tyag, tpSya, s<ym, sih:[uta,

Aih<sa, sTy, àem Aaid mULyae< kae mnaevE}aink AaEr AiStTvvadI icNtk

in;exaTmk manne lge, #nke bdle vEyiKtk samaijk ivkas kae àmuota dene

lge, nvIn jIvn dzRnae< AaEr ivcar xaraAae< se à-aivt haekr VyiKtvadI

%pNyaskarae< ne mXyvgIRy smaj kI vStuiSwit ka icÇ[ ikya, yhI vgR @k Aaer

svaRixk pIi–ft AaEr dynIy hE tae dUsrI Aaer jagêk -I hE,

6.2. àemcNdaeTtr %pNyas> nyI idza@~> £

àemcNdaeTtr yug me< %pNyas ke mUl me< dae àerk ziKtya~ si³y rhI< £

6.2.1. ृay–f ka mnaeivZle;[vad AaEr

6.2.2. maKsR ka ÖNÖaTmk -aEitkvad (smajvadI ywawR)

93

6.2.1. mnaeivZle;[vadI %pNyasae< me< narI icÇ[>£

#lacNÔ jaezI, A}ey, jEneNÔ, xmRvIr -artI, à-akr macve, nrez mehta

Aaid ihNdI ke àmuo mnaeivZle;[vadI %pNyaskar hE<, ye %pNyaskar ृay–f kI

ivcarxara se à-aivt we, #Nhae<ne yaEn s<bNxae< twa SvCD<d àem kI smSyaAae< kae

mnaevE}aink êp dene ka àyas ikya,

jEneNÔ ne Apne %pNyasae< me< SÇI pué; s<bNx ka manisk tl pr ivvecn

kr %ska %daTtIkr[ krne ka àyas ikya, jEneNÔ ke ‘pro’ %pNyas kI narI

paÇ hE £ kq!qae, ivxva kq!qae kae jEneNÔ ne ùdy ke àtIk êp me< àStut ikya hE,

‘‘jEneNÔ ke narI paÇae< kI ivze;ta hE ik ve @k kI pTnI AaEr dUsre kI àeysI bnkr

AatI hE<, %nke narI paÇ stITv kI -Uimka pr g–Fe hE<, pitìta kI -Uimka pr nhI<

%nme< buiÏ AaEr ùdy ka s<";R hE, buiÏ %Nhe< pit twa smaj kI Aaer le jatI hE,

ùdy %Nhe< àemI twa VyiKtTv kI Aaer le jata hE,’’29

jEneNÔ ne Apne %pNyasae< me< dimt v&iTtyae< ka %Lleo ikya hE, ‘sunIta’

%pNyas me< #s At&Pt kam vasna kae dzaRya hE, ‘sunIta’ %pNyas kI narI paÇ

sunIta kI cirÇ s&i:q @k AadzR pitìta narI ke êp me< hE, sunIta Apne pit me<

Aql ivZvas rotI hE, #sil@ hr @k bat mantI hE, ‘TyagpÇ’ %pNyas ke

m&[al AadzR paitìTy ke kar[ ivvahpU[R "qna kI sUcna pit kae detI hE, leikn

yhI Aixk ivZvas %ske jIvn kae duomy bna detI hE, TyagpÇ ka m&[al tn

AaEr mn ke smpR[ me< stITv ya narITv kI sawRkta mantI hE, narI ka AadzR

94

narITv hE AaEr #skI àaiPt me< vh samaijk man myaRdaAae< AaEr ivix £ivxan

s<bNxI inymae< kI Apmanna krtI hE, m&[al narITv kI àaiPt ke il@ mn kI

pivÇta AaEr deh s<bNxae< se pre AaiTmk àem pr bl detI hE, vh àem AaEr pivÇta

kae tn kI vStu n mankr mn kI vStu mantI hE,

‘ivvtR’ %pNyas kI naiyka -uvnmaeihnI p–FI iloI, xnI ipta kI puÇI,

suizi]t @v< sus<Sk&t narI paÇ hE, -uvnmaeihnI pTnI haene ke nate pTnITv ke dayrae<

kae -lI -a~it phcantI hE, -artIy pTnI ke Anuêp vh Apne pit ke àit smipRt

hE, prNtu ivvah pUvR àemI kae -ula n patI hE, vh inSs<kaec -av se Apne pit ke

sMmuo Apne àemI kae SvIkar krtI hE, yhI< pr %ske sMmuo pTnITv AaEr narITv

ka ÖNÖ Aa jata hE,

‘VytIt’ %pNyas kI naiyka ‘Ainta’ sunIta AaEr -uvnmaeihnI ke Anuêp

hI pTnITv AaEr narITv ke ÖNÖ se ivkl narI hE, vh àemI AaEr pTnI daenae< kae

Apna ktRVy smHtI hE, vh -artIy s<Skarae< ke kar[ pitin:Q hE AaEr narI ke

Svt<Çta £ smanta s<bNxI #CDa ke kar[ àemin:Q hE, vh narITv kI s<pU[Rta

smpR[ me< mantI hE,

‘suoda’ %pNyas kI naiyka ‘suoda’ @k mniSvnI narI hE, %ske cirÇ me<

Anek Aaka~]a@~ AaEr Ah<kar -I àbl hE, %ske cirÇ me< ivÔaehI àv&iTtya~ -I àbl

hE, #sI Ahm ke kar[ suoda pTnITv AaEr narITv me< sMyk invaRh nhI< kr patI

95

hE, àem kae Apneil@ mhTvpU[R mankr àem krne ka SvCDNd Aixkar -I cahtI

hE, àemI ke il@ vh Apna tn mn smpR[ kr detI hE,

jEneNÔ ke %pNyasae< me< "r AaEr bahr ke ÖNÖ kI Aaer s<ket ikya gya hE,

jEneNÔ ke %pNyasae< kI narI prMpragt man mULyae<, AadzaeR< kae nkartI hE AaEr

yuganuêp n@ mULyae< kae SvIkar krtI hE,

#lacNÔ jaezI jI ne ृayf ke isÏaNtae< kae Apnakr ‘pdeR kI ranI’,

‘sNyasI’, ‘muiKtpw’ Aaid mnaeivZle;[vadI %pNyasae< kI rcna kI hE<, ‘pdeR kI

ranI’ %pNyas kI inr<jna Apne mata ipta kI cirÇhIn khanI jankr smaj ke

àit "&[a ka -av rotI hE, ‘muiKtpw’ %pNyas me< ‘sunNda’ namk ivxva kI

khanI hE jae Pyar n imlne se inraz haekr àemI kae Dae–fkr clI jatI hE, ‘ijPsI’

%pNyas kI naiyka ‘minya’ @k ijPsI bailka hE jae jIvn me< Anek k:qae< kae

shtI hE, jaezI jI ne àay> Apne s-I %pNyasae< ke keNÔ me< yug cetna se s<p&Kt

mXyvgIRy izi]t narI kae roa hE, ye paÇ pué; àxan smaj kI ê–F prMpraAae<,

Aaj ke pué; kI AhmNyta AaEr zae;[£ àv&iTt AaEr %TpI–fn ke ivéÏ muiKt kI

Aava–j %Qate hE<,

jaezI jI ke ‘àem AaEr Daya’ %pNyas kI niNdnI oud kae veZyav&iTt Apnane

ke pIDe smaj kI àer[a mantI hE, niNdnI khtI hE £‘‘tum sb laeg imlkr jEse

yh ;fyNÇ rce bEQe hae ik mE< veZya jIvn se muiKt pane ke il@ cah~U iktna hI

96

Dqpqa^~, lao àyTn kê~, pr iksI -I hal me< mE< %s àyas me< s)l n haene pa^~

AaEr ANt me< veZya kI veZya bnI rhU~,’’30

jaezI jI ke ‘invaRist’ me< SvCDNdta AaEr sman Aixkar cahnevalI narI

paÇae< me< nIilma AaEr àit-a %LleOy hE<, nIilma p–FI iloI, vak pqu AaEr c<cl

yuvtI hE, mat&Sneh ke kar[ vh àemI kae Dae–fkr ANy pué; se ivvah kr letI hE,

jaezI jI jEneNÔ ke sman narI ke pit pray[ êp me< ivZvas nhI< krte hE<, ve tae

narI ke szKt, g<-Ir, s<ymI AaEr d&–F VyiKtTv ke ihmaytI hE< jae Apne VyiKtTv

ke àit scet AaEr s<";RzIl hE<, Apne mt kae Sp:q krte hu@ %Nhae<ne iloa hE £

‘‘mE<ne @ese narI paÇae< kae ilya hE ijNhe< jIvn kI "n"aer piriSwityae< se muKt haekr

gujrna p–fa hE AaEr ijtnI A<tZcetna me< iniht ivÔaeh ke bIjêpI Aa~suAae< me< %n

s<kqakul piriSwityae< ke parSpirk s<";R ke kar[ rsayink Svêp -y<kr

ivS)aeq me< pir[t haene kI s<-avna rhI hE, mere narI paÇae< me< Tyag AaEr tpSya kI

tink -I kmI n haene pr -I %Nhae<ne k-I AaTmkamI, Ah<vadI AaEr ATyacar

pray[ pué; paÇae< ke saw smHaEta nhI< ikya hE, ········Aaj ke nvIn yug kI

buiÏvaidnI narI smvedna AaEr shanu-Uit kae Apne il@ Apmanjnk smHtI

hE,’’31

97

A}ey ne ‘zeor @k jIvnI’, ‘ndI ke ÖIp’, ‘Apne Apne AjnbI’ Aaid

%pNyas iloe, A}ey ke àay> s-I %pNyasae< me< narI smSyaAae< kae iciÇt ikya

gya hE<, %Nhaene narI ke ANtmRn kae Ha<kne AaEr ivZle;[ krne ka àyas ikya hE,

‘ndI ke ÖIp’ %pNyas kI naiyka hE reoa jae A}ey kI nyI àor Aaxuink

nEitk cetna kae muor krtI hE, vh Apne ivÔaehI Aacr[ se smaj, pirvar twa

ivvah kI myaRdaAae< kae cunaEtI detI hE, àem kae vh jIvn ke il@ àerk ziKt mantI

hE, ‘ndI ke ÖIp’ kI AaEr @k narI paÇ hE£‘gaEra’, gaEra ka s<";R àem AaEr ivvah

ka hE, gaEra s<yt mXyvgIRy kNya hE, AaTmin-Rr izi]ka AaEr àeimka hE ijsme<

Ad!-ut ]mta, zalInta, mxurta Aaid cairiÇk ivze;ta@~ h<E,

‘zeor @k jIvnI’ %pNyas kI narI paÇ ziz àem ke %Nnyn ke il@

svRSv NyaECDavr krne me< ivZvas rotI hE, %ska ivZvas hE ik yid vh AaTm

bildan krke -I Apne àemI ke jIvn ke %Twan ka kar[ bn ske tae %ske jIvn

kI sawRkta hE, ziz kI #CDa hE ik zeor Apne jIvn pw pr Abax git se cl

ske, ziz narI ke in:kam, AnNy AaEr inSvawR àem kI àtIk hE, vh iày kae

inrNtr Aage b–Fne kI stt àer[a detI hE, ziz AaEr reoa me< saMy hE, reoa ziz

kI -a~it àemI ke %Nnyn ke il@ AaTmaeTsgR AaEr bildan krne me< sdEv tTpr AaEr

àem kae hI jIvn ke il@ àerk ziKt mannevalI narI hE, reoa ke cirÇ me< AaTm

98

bildan, àemI ke %Nnyn ke il@ AaTmaeTsgR, %NmuKt, SvCD<d jIvn #Tyaid

ivze;ta@~ hE,

‘‘A}ey narI kI pU[R Svt<Çta £vEyiKtk Awva samaijk ke ihmaytI h<E,

vh narI kae maÇ narI hI mante hE<, %skae ma~, bihn, pTnI, àeimka ke b<xe£sxe

smaj smSt nate irZtae< me< smeqne ke il@ tEyar nhI< hE<, %nkI d&i:q me< narI ka

VyiKtTv AaEr AiStTv hI svRàmuo hE,’’32

fa· devraj ke %pNyasae< me< narI kI -Uimka mhTvpU[R rhI hE, ‘pw kI oaej’

AaEr ‘Ajy kI –fayrI’ daenae< %pNyas nayk àxan hE tae -I narI smSyaAae< kae -I

A<ikt krte hE<,

fa· devraj narI ke Svt<Ç AaEr sbl VyiKtTv ke àbl Aaka<]I hE<, %nka

ivZvas hE ik narI izi]t haekr hI Apne VyiKtTv ivkas me< baxk HUQe, inSsar

AaEr inrwRk AadzaeR< ke ivéÏ Aava–j %Qa skne me< smwR hae sktI hE,‘pw kI

oaej’ %pNyas me< nreNÔ khta hE £‘‘jb tk piTnya~ Apne -r[ pae;[ ke il@

piatyae< pr in-Rr rh<egI, tb tk %Nhe< %nka kam krna hI haega,’’33

xmRvIr -artI ne Apne %pNyasae< ke keNÔ me< narI kae àiti:Qt ikya hE, àem

AaEr ivvah kae %pNyasae< me< àitpa* iv;y bnaya hE, ‘gunahae< ka devta’ me< pMmI

khtI hE £‘‘SÇI ibna pué;ae< ke Aaïy ke nhI< rh sktI, %s A-agI kae jEse àk&it

ne kae$ Ai-zap idya hE, %ske pas pTnITv ke isva kae$ cara nhI< hE,’’34

99

6.2.2. maKsRvadI %pNyasae< me< narI icÇ[>£

maKsRvadI %pNyaskarae< me< yzpal, r<gey ra"v, nagajuRn, Am&tray, rahul

sa~k&Tyayn Aaid àmuo h<E,

yzpal ne àmuo êp se narI AaEr tiÖ;yk smSyaAae< kae Apne àay> s-I

%pNyasae< ka àwm iv;y bnaya hE, %nkI narI s<bNxI d&i:qkae[ pU[Rt> saMyvadI

hE, pU~jIvadI smaj me< narI kae -aeGya smHa jata hE ijs pr pué; ka pU[R iny<Ç[

hE, yzpal ke ‘dada kmre–f’ kI zEl, ‘dezÔaehI’ kI ymuna AaEr cNda, ‘paqIR

kamre–f’ kI gIta, ‘mnu:y ke êp’ kI sIma AaEr mnaerma, ‘HUQa sc’ kI tara£knk

zIlae Aaid nairya~ yzpal kI nvIn ivcarxara ka àitinixTv krtI hE<, yzpal

kI maNyta hE ik ‘‘narI AaiwRk êp se pué; ke sman k-I nhI< hae sktI, smaj

me< pué; ke sman Aixkar AaEr iSwit pane ke il@ narI ka AaiwRk êp se Svavl<bI

haena AavZyk hE,’’35 yzpal kI naiyka@~ vgR àitinixTv paÇ hE<, #nme< smaj

me< VyiKt ke nate %ict sMman se jIne ka Aixkar àaPt krne ke il@ Ao{–f

s<";R AaEr àyTn idoa$ deta hE, smaj sape]ta yzpal ke narI paÇae< me< deo skte

hE,

r<agey ra"v ke àar<i-k %pNyasae< me< @k hE ‘"raE<da’, #s %pNyas kI narI

paÇ hE£ lv<g, lv<g ka~lej me< p–FnevalI l–fkI hE, AaEr AmIr bap kI beqI hE,

lv<g AaEr iv*a narI paÇae< ka cirÇ£ icÇ[ maKsRvadI d&i:qkae[ se nkaraTmk

huAa hE, ye naiyka@~ pU~jIvadI AaEr êi–F¢St smaj VyvSwa kI %pj hE<, ‘iv*a’

100

-artIy ivxva nairyae< ka àitinixTv krnevalI paÇ hE, nIlU)r (mudaeR< ka qIla),

PyarI AaEr kjrI (kb tk pukaê~) ye Svt<Çta àemI naiyka@~ hE AaEr jIvn me< Anek

s<";aeR< ka samna krtI hE, AaTm sMman AaEr AaTm gaErv #n naiykaAae< ke cirÇ

kI ivze;ta@~ hE, #n naiykaAae< me< jIvn ke àit ghrI AaSwa hE, sahs, xEyR AaEr

AaTm sMman #n naiykaAae< me< hE, #n naiykaAae< ka pirvtRn me< ivZvas hE, PyarI

AaEr kjrI Apne jIvn me< pirvtRn kr letI hE<, #s àkar kI ivÔaeih[I naiykaAae<

kae ra<gey ra"v jI ne Apne %pNyasae< me< àxanta dI hE AaEr ye narI paÇ ra"v jI ke

àgitzIl ivcarae< ke àitinix hE<,

nagajuRn ke ‘ritnaw kI cacI’ %pNyas kI naiyka hE gaErI, @k dirÔ raegI

se êp suNdrI gaErI kI Byah hae jatI hE, leikn gaErI ivxva hu$, gaErI kI #CDa ke

ivéÏ devr se g-R hae gya, leikn g-Rpat krke gaErI kae muKt ikya jata hE, ìtI,

s<ymI, AaTmin-Rr ritnaw kI cacI gaErI ke il@ ritnaw hI jIne ka shara bna,

‘n$ paEx’ %pNyas kI ivZveZvrI, ‘vé[ ke beq’ e kI mxurI, inmRla (kuM-Ipak) AaEr

%gnI (%¢tara) Aaid nagajuRn ke %pNyasae< ke àmuo narI paÇ hE<, #nme< %¢tara

àgitzIl ivcarae< ka àtIk hE, cMpa, inmRla AaEr #iNdra jEsI nairya~, Apne

jIvn me< Svt<Çta ka Anu-v krnevalI %gnI, ibsesrI AaEr mxurI -artIy AadzaeR<

ke narI paÇ hE<, yaEn vasnaAae< ke àit -artIy nairya~ jae s<ym rotI hE< vhI

nagajuRn kI naiykaAae< me< paya jata hE, #s àkar ke s<ymI paÇae< me< mxurI, ibsesrI

Aaid smaj seva kayaeR< me< pué;ae< ke saw detI hE<,

101

-artIy ivxva narI ka àitinix paÇ hE gaErI, ‘‘-artIy ivxva narI ke àit

jae ké[a, s<vedna twa shanu-Uit cacI smeq cukI hE, vh ihNdI %pNyas me< kae$

ivxva nhI< pa skI,’’36

rahul sa~k&Tyayn maKsRvadI ivcarxara se à-aivt hE<, %nke narI paÇae< me<

jenIäa%n (jIne ke il@), ‘raeih[I’ (is<h senapit), ‘vsuNxra’ (jyyaExey) Aaid

àmuo hE<, jenI äa%n -artIy sEink devraj kI seva krtI hE, jenI mat&-Uim ke àit

sMman AaEr Pyar rotI hE, dezàem jenI ke cirÇ kI ivze;ta hE, rahul jI ke narI

paÇae< me< buiÏvad hE manv smta me< #nka ivZvas hE, Svt<Çta àemI raeih[I dasta

AaEr gulamI kae smaj se hqana cahtI hE, #sI isÏaNt ka paln krne ke il@

Apne daeStae< kae muKt krke Svt<Ç jIvn jIne ka maEka detI hE, Svai-man #nkI

naiykaAae< me< -ra huAa hE, rahul jI kI nairya~ àgitzIl ivcarae< kI hE<,

-Erv àsad guPt ke ‘mzal’ %pNyas kI naiyka ‘skIna’, ‘rTtI mEya ka

cera’ kI mzhr Aaid narI paÇ manvIy gu[ae< se yuKt hE<, mzhr pué; kI trh SÇI

kae -I smaj me< %ict sMman imlne ke il@ s<";R krnevalI naiyka hE, #sme<

ivÔaeh kI ziKt hE, Am&tray kI %;a AaEr rTna ke cirÇ samaijk hE<, daenae< ne -I

VyiKtgt duoae< kae mhTv nhI< idya, %;a AaTmin-Rr narI hE, %;a AaEr rTna me<

buiÏvad kI Hlk imltI hE, %;a Apne sas ke saw rhna ps<d nhI< krtI tae

Alg rhne ka in[Ry letI hE, vh samaijk inymae< ka invaRh nhI< krtI hE,

102

maKsRvadI %pNyaskar smaj ke bNxn kae SvIkayR nhI< krte hE<, ve @ese

smaj ka inmaR[ krna cahte hE<, ijnme< SÇI pué; SvCD<dtapUvRk ivcr[ kre< AaEr

%npr kae$ bNxn n hae,

6.2.3. @eithaisk %pNyasae< me< narI icÇ[>£

v&Ndavnlal vmaR ke ‘g–Fku<–far’ va ‘m&gnynI’ me< ANtRjatIy ivvah kI

smSya kae iciÇt ikya gya hE, ‘ivraqa kI pd!imnI’ ke narI paÇ kusum srl,

SvCD<d Sv-av ke h<E, zaSÇae< me< vi[Rt narI ke Anuêp #nka icÇ[ iv*man hE,

narITv AaEr devITv daenae< ka imï[ #n paÇae< me< ikya gya hE, #s %pNyas kI AaEr

@k narI paÇ hE£ gaemtI jae pIi–ft narI paÇ hE, ‘m&gnynI’ %pNyas ke narI paÇ

m&gnynI me< zaEyR hE, sahs hE, m&gnynI pué;ae< kI -a~it l–fte l–fte mrna cahtI

hE, àem me< -I m&gnynI n pué; kae s<vedna denevalI ini:³y narI haena cahtI hE,

AacayR ctursen zaSÇI ke ‘vEzalI kI ngrvxU’ %pNyas kI naiyka hE

£AMbapalI, AMbapalI Aam v&] ke nIce )e<kI g$ jayj s<tan hE ijse Aage

clkr vEzalI kI ngrvxU bnna p–fa, AMbpalI veZya ke êp me< pué; vgR se

àitzaex lene ke ³m me< hI Apne narITv se hartI jatI hE, vh iksI VyiKt kI

pTnI bnkr rh nhI< sktI, AMbpalI sara xn vE-v Tyagkr i-]u[I bn jatI

hE,

yzpal kI ‘idVya’ %pNyas kI narI paÇ ‘idVya’ kul àit:Qa @v< AvEx

mat&Tv ke s<";R me< "r£pirvar kae Tyagkr saxar[ narI ka magR F–U~FtI hE, puÇ

103

paln ke il@ vh veZya bnna SvIkar krtI hE, rah clte piwkae< kI -TsRna -I

shtI hE, idVya ka gi[ka êp piriSwitjNy wa, ‘idVya’ %pNyas kI ANy narI

paÇ ‘rTnà-a’ kulvxU @v< ngrvxU kI iv;m pirSwityae< kI àitkUlta kae phcantI

hE, idVya -I samaijk myaRda ke dbav ke kar[ %TpNn AaiwRk k:qae< se inv&iTt

pane ke il@ hI veZya jIvn Apnane kae baXy hu$ wI, yzpal ke Anusar narI kI

veZya v&iTt Apnane ke pIDe AaiwRk ivvzta hE,

6.2.4. Aa~cilk %pNyase< me< narI icÇ[>£

nagajuRn ihNdI ke àgitzIl Aa~cilk %pNyaskar ke êp me< mane jate hE<,

nagajuRn narI kae pué; kI àer[a mante hE, nagajuRn ke Anusar narI kae pué; ke

saw hr ]eÇ me< kam krna caih@, nagajuRn ne Aa~cilk jIvn kI iv;mtaAae< kae

dzaRne ke il@ narI paÇae< ka -I shara ilya, ‘blcnma’ %pNyas kI narI paÇ

blcnma, revtI, sugnI, ‘n$ paEx’ kI rameZvrI twa ibsesrI, ‘duomaecn’ kI maya

Aaid paÇ dehatI A<clae< me< %-rtI nvjagr[ kI %pj hE<, ‘n$ paEx’ me< Anmel

ivvah kI iv-Ii;ka kae %Qaya gya hE, imiwla me< saerQ ke mele me< SvawIR Ha ApnI

naitn ipt&hIn bailka ibsesrI ke il@ pEse lekr v&Ï caExrI ka vr ke êp me< cunav

krta hE tae ga~v ke àgitzIl yuvk #s As<gt ivvah ka ivraex krte hE<,

àgitzIl yuvk vacSpit ibsesrI se zadI kr leta hE, ‘vé[ ke beqe’ kI naiyka

‘maxurI’ -I leok kI saMyvadI cetna ka àitinixTv krtI hE,

104

Aa~cilk %pNyas ke ]eÇ me< iviz:q Swan ke AixkarI )[IZvrnaw re[u ne

narI ke àit ké[a AaEr shanu-Uit àkq kI hE, re[ujI Apne %pNyasae< ke narI paÇae<

kae àTyek iSwit ka samna krne ke il@ sdEv àStut krte hE<, re[u jI ke narI paÇae<

me< kmla AaEr lúmI àmuo hE<, ‘mEla Aa~cl’ kI lúmI mQ me< haenevale ATyacarae<

kI izkar hE, fa· mmta %pNyas ka @k ANy narI paÇ hE, mmta ApnI AaSwa

pr Ai–fg rhkr jIvn pw pr Svy< -I cltI hE AaEr dUsrae< kae -I Aage b–Fne ke

il@ àeirt krtI hE,

%dyz<kr -q!q ke ‘sagr lhre< AaEr mnu:y’ %pNyas kI keNÔ ibNdu

mDlImar kI l–fkI rTna hE, vh leok kI àgitzIl narI -avna kae sakar êp

detI hE, rTna brsaeva ke vatavr[ se dUr jana cahtI hE, ngrIy jIvn kI Aaer vh

Aaki;Rt hE, ma~ kI trh mDlI markr makeRq me< jakr becne kI #CDa %sme< nhI<

hE, mi[k se zadI krke vh muMb$ me< Aakr rhne lgtI hE, rTna mi[k se v<ict

haetI hE Kyae<ik mi[k ka lúy xnajRn wa, mi[k kae Tyagkr rTna k$ raSte me<

-qktI rhtI hE, rTna prMpragt naityae< ke sman pit prmeZvr isÏaNt kae nhI<

mantI hE, vh ivvah kae VyiKtgt smHaEta mantI hE, ivÔaeh rTna ke cirÇ kI

ivze;ta hE, #s àkar Aa~cilk %pNyaskarae< ne Apne Aa~cilk %pNyasae< me< narI

kI ivi-Nn smSyaAae< ka icÇ[ ikya hE,

105

7. Aaxuik %pNyasae< me< narI icÇ[ £ mihla %pNyaskarae< ke

ivze; s<d-R me<

Aaxuink %pNyase<a me< Aakr ihNdI %pNyas nvIn mae–fae< se gu–jre hu@ idoa$

dete hE<, ृay–f se à-aivt rcnakarae< ne narI ke baý icÇ[ kI Ape]a %skI

mnaedzaAae< ka A<kn krke -artIy narI kI maniskta, %sme< Aaye hu@ %tar£c–Fav

Aaid kae Apne %pNyasae< me< iciÇt ikya, #s kal ke %pNyasae< me< daMpTy s<bNx

ke àit nya d&&i:qkae[, narI kI manisk samaijk piriSwit me< àaPt pirvtRn,

AkelI narI, pué;ae< ke saw SpxaR krnevalI narI, AaiwRk d&i:qkae[ se Svavl<bI

narI Aaid k$ bat hE< jae Aaxuink narI ke pirvitRt êp kae hmare samne rote hE< ,

ihNdI ke mihla %pNyaskarae< ke %pNyasae< me< Svat<ÈyaeTtr kalo{–f me<

jIvn mULyae< me< Aaye pirvtRn àaPt haete hE<, #sme< prMpragt jIvn mULy @v<

Aaxuink jIvn mULy ke bIc s<";Rrt narI kI maniskta ka icÇ[ mihla

%pNyaskarae< ka àmuo iv;y rha hE, Aaj ke samaijk, xaimRk, manisk,

pairvairk @v< zarIirk xratl pr narI ka jae zae;[ hae rha hE #sse muKt krne ke

il@ narI jae àyas kr rhI hE, %ska ywawR êp mihla %pNyaskarae< ke %pNyasae<

me< àaPt haeta hE,

Aaxuink mihla %pNyaskarae< me< k&:[a saebtI, m&dula ggR, izvanI,

sUyRbala, m&[al pa{–fe, maltI jaezI, k&:[a AignhaeÇI, à-a oetan, sunIta jEn,

naisra zmaR, mEÇeyI pu:pa, rajI seQ, %;a iày<vda Aaid leiokaAae< ne Aaxuink narI

106

jIvn ke ivi-Nn s<";aeR< kae sUúmta ke saw iciÇt krne ka àyTn ikya, @k

cicRt leioka k&:[a saebtI kI mhTvpU[R rcna@~ hE< £ ‘ –far se ibDu–fI’, ‘imÇae

mrjanI’, ‘yarae< ke yar’, ‘itn pha–f’, ‘sUrjmuoI A<xere ke’ twa ‘ijNdgInama’ AaEr

‘idlae dainz’, ‘ –far se ibDu–fI’ kI naiyka pazae @k yuvtI ke zae;[ ke islisle

me< àStut ikya gya paÇ hE, ‘imÇae mrjanI’ kI imÇae pr<pragt bNxnae< me< bNxI

rhna ASvIkar krtI hE, imÇae ApnI At&Pt yaEneCDaAae< kae oulkr sbke samne

àStut krne me< ihcktI nhI< hE, A<t me< imÇae narI ke Sva-aivk kaeml ùdy ka

pircy dete hu@ Apne pit ke pas laEq AatI hE, zizà-a zaSÇI jI ke Anusar£

‘‘@esI mihla ke cirÇ ka crm %skI %s %daTtta me< d&:qVy hE jb vh ApnI

AkulIn ma~ ka %ske pas rhne ka àStav Qukrakr vaps Apne ssural laEq jatI

hE, narI ke cirÇ ka yh xUpDa<hI r<g %pNyas kae Aaxuink narI se jae–fta hE,’’37

%;a iày<vda ke ‘pcpn oM-e lal dIvare<’, ‘ékaegI nhI< raixka’,‘ze;yaÇa’

tIn mhTvpU[R %pNyas hE<, ‘pcpn oM-e lal dIvare<’ kI naiyka su;ma ne Apne

pirvar ke il@ ApnI #CDaAae<, Aaka<]aAae< kae Tyag ikya hE, fa· %;a yadv ke

Anusar £ ‘‘#skI kwa naiyka su;ma Aaj ke pirvitRt pirvez me< pairvairk

%TtrdaiyTvae< ka vhn krtI, s<";aeR< ke %Ttap se pl£pl HulstI AaEr bdlI

samaijk maNytaAae< ke tht @k nyI àem v&iTt kae pae;[ krtI idoa$ detI

hE,’’38

107

mehéiNnsa prve–j ka ‘%ska "r’ %pNyas narI ke ivi-Nn êpae< kae àStut

krta hE, %pNyas kI naiyka @elma kae -a$ cNd pEsae< ke il@ Apne ba~s ke pas

-ejta hE, bImarI kI halt me< -I @lma ba~s kI #CDa pU[R krtI hu$ -a$ ke àit

ApnI in:Qa VyKt krtI hE, %pNyas kI AaEr @k narI paÇ reZma jae Aivvaihta

ma~ hE ApnI ma~ ke kar[ àemI kae n pane ke s<";R kae HeltI rhtI hE, ma~ kI m&Tyu ke

bad reZma àemI se zadI kr letI hE, mehéiNnsa prve–j kI ‘kaerja’ %pNyas me<

seKs kI smSyaAae< kae iciÇt ikya gya hE,

zizà-a zaSÇI ke ‘prDa#yae< ke pIDe’ kI naiyka suimÇa naEkrIpeza narI hE,

pit ke ivicÇ Aacr[ kae lekr ivvz hE, leioka àStut %pNyas me< narI kI

prMpragt dubRlta ka %Lleo krtI hE, %sI ke ‘kkRreoa’ %pNyas me< ‘tnu’ namk

paÇ ke maXym se narI ke @kakIpn kI pI–fa kae VyKt ikya gya hE, %pNyas kI

naiyka tnu ke maXym se dEn<idn jIvn me< narI iks àkar zae;[ ka izkar haetI

hE, %s pr -I %pNyas me< àkaz –fala gya hE,

inépma sevtI kI ‘ptD–f kI Aava–je<’ %pNyas me< Anu-a, sunIla twa %;a

namk SÇI paÇ hE<, %pNyas me< dátrae< me< %Cc AixkarI pué; ke zae;[, Aivvaiht

iSÇyae< ka s<";R Aaid kae iciÇt ikya gya hE, m&dula ggR kI ‘%ske ihSse kI xUp’

%pNyas kI naiyka mnI;a pit jitn kI VyStta ke kar[ mxukr kI Aaer

Aaki;Rt haetI hE, yh bat pit kae bta detI hE, fa· vEzalI pa{–fey ke Anusar£

108

‘‘mnI;a @k @esI narI paÇ hE, jae Apne Aaveg, Anu-Uityae< kae Svt<Ç êp me< àStut

krne kI ziKt rotI hE AaEr #sil@ vh Apne Pyar kae iDpatI nhI< hE,’’39

fa· %;a yadv ke Anusar £‘‘mnI;a ka jitn kae tlak dena AaEr %ske bad

mxukr se ivvah Aaxuink suizi]t narI ka sjIv %dahr[ hE, Apne s<Skarae< kI

ke<culI %tar n@ jIvn kI zuéAat narI jIvn ke n@ mae–fae< ka sUck hE,’’40

Aaxuink ihNdI %pNyas saihTy me< mihla %pNyaskarae< ke %pNyasae< me< narI

kI ivi-Nn smSyaAae< kae Svr àdan ikya gya hE, #n %pNyaskarae< ne Aaxuink

s<";Rrt yug me< narI kae Svt<Ç VyiKtTv ke êp me< A<ikt krne ka àyas Apne

%pNyasae< me< ikya hE,

8. in:k;R

àemcNd pUvR yugIn ihNdI %pNyas saihTy kI xara me< p<· ïÏaram )uLlaErI jI

kI -aGyvtI se lekr kevl puranI prMpragt AadzRpU[R narI paÇae< kI Aixkta deo

skte hE<, #s kal ke paQkae< ke s<Skarae< ke Anuêp ihNdI %pNyas ]eÇ me<

raema<ckarI, àem àxan, itlSmI, Ad!-ut "qna àxan %pNyasae< ka -rmar hae gya

hE, leokae< ne s<pU[R narI jait kae prMpragt s<Skarae< ke ANtgRt hI deoa hE, jae

SÇI pitpray[, AadzR, g&h ktRVy, d] AaEr pitìta hE, %se hI leok AadzR

g&ih[I mante we, àemcNd pUvR yug ke %pNyasae< me< AadzR narI ka icÇ[ krte hu@

stITv AaEr paitìTy kae b–fa mhTv idya gya hE, àemcNd pUvR yugIn %pNyasae< ka

@k hI %d!deZy wa £ mnaer<jn, mheNÔ ctuveRdI ke Anusar£ ‘‘#s yug ka %pNyas

109

saihTy leok ke mn kI ghra#yae< se %d!-ut nhI< hE, Anu-Uit ka %sme< svRwa A-av

hE, @k Aaer %sme< inbaRx kLpna ka AaTy<itk ivlas hE tae dUsrI Aaer sthI buiÏ

kI zu:k ³I–fa,’’41

tTkalIn %pNyaskar ApnI rcnaAae< me< àacIn s<Sk&it kI mihma ka

gu[gan krke -artIy narI ke prMpragt êp kae Apnane ka s<dez idya krte we,

ï&<gar se pirpU[R àem saxna kae mhTv idya gya, narI ivkas ke iv;y kae lekr

kae$ rcna nhI< hu$, pTnI êp me< zadI ka AadzR sIta AaEr saivÇI ke Anuêp wa,

pTnI pit-Kt AaEr stITv myaRda kI r]a me< s<lGn wI, narI ke mnu:yaeict suo

duoae< , gu[ duguR[ae< kae khI< Swan n imla,

àemcNd yug me< àemcNd AaEr %nke smkalIn %pNyaskarae< ne narI zae;[ kae

g<-Ir smSya ke êp me< Apne %pNyasae< me< Swan idya AaEr pyaRPt àgitzIl d&i:q

ka pircy idya, àemcNd ke %pNyasae< me< narI s<bNxI smSyaAae< ka idGdzRn

imlta hE, phle kI narI ka jae devI êp wa àemcNd yug me< Aakr %se manvI êp

me< deoa gya, #s kal ke %pNyaskarae< ne narI smSyaAae< ka smaxan àStut krne

ka àyTn ikya, Anmel ivvah AaEr veZyav&iTt ka muOy kar[ AaiwRk praxInta

btaya gya, #s yug ke %pNyaskarae< ke sMmuo ra:q+Iy -avna, narI kI pairvairk,

samaijk AEr AaiwRk smSya@~ @v< %nke AadzaeR< kI êpreoa Sp:q hae cukI wI,

#s kar[ #s yug ke lg-g s-I %pNyaskarae< kae narI kI ivi-Nn smSyaAae< ke

icÇ[ maÇ se hI s<tae; nhI< imla biLk %Nha<ene #n smSyaAae< ke inrakr[ kae -I

110

suxarvadI –F<g se àStut ikya hE, àemcNd ne #n smSyaAae< kae Aixk sUúmta,

klaTmkta AaEr g<-Irta àdan kI Aaer narI ke svaR<gI[ jIvn AaEr VyiKtTv kae

%Nha<ene s<vednapUvRk ¢h[ ikya,

àemcNdaeTtr %pNyasae< me< narI jIvn kI ivi-Nn smSyaAae< ka A<kn ikya

gya hE, narI iz]a kI smSya, vEvaihk jIvn kI smSyaye<, pUvaRk;R[ kI ¢<iNw,

narI ka ivvahetr Aak;R[, AaiwRk iv;mta kI smSya, àem AaEr ANtjaRtIy ivvah

kI smSya, Aivvaihta narI kI smSya, seKs kI smSya Aaid pr bl idya gya,

mnaeivZle;[vadI %pNyaskarae< ne SÇI kI smSyaAae< kae mnaevE}aink –F<g se

ivZlei;t ikya, àgitvadI %pNyasae< me< leokae< ka d&i:qkae[ s<kuict sIma me< b~xa

nhI< rha, àgitzIl %pNyaskarae< ne AaiwRk Svt<Çta ke il@ izi]t narI kI

kLpna kI, #s yug me< narI kae Apne Svt<Ç AiStTv ka baex huAa, %sne pirvar

twa smaj Öara bnaye gye rIit irva–jae< twa bNxnae< kae tae–f )ae–fkr Aage inklne

kI kaeizz kI, àemcNdaeTtr kal ke %pNyaskarae< ne samaijk smSyaAae< ke àit

sdEv àgitzIl d&i:qkae[ roa AaEr narI kI ijtnI -I samaijk twa pairvairk

smSyaye< hE, Aaxuink jagêk narI kae Apne AaTmbl se %ska inpqara àay>

Svy< hI kr lena ve cahte we,

Aaxuink mihla %pNyskarae< ke %pNyasae< me< pirvitRt narI jIvn kI

smSyaAae< ka %Lleo ikya gya hE, prMpragt @v< Aaxuink jIvn mULyae< ke bIc

Aaxuink narI kI smSyaye<, kamkajI narI kI smSyaye<, samaijk, manisk,

111

xaimRk, pairvairk, zarIirk xratl pr narI ka jae zae;[ hae rha hE, #s zae;[ se

muKt krne me< àyTnrt narI kI smSyaye<, SÇI pué;ae< ke bdlte s<bNxae<, SÇI kI

tnav¢St maniskta @v< muiKt kI kamna, tlak kI smSya Aaid Aaxuink

mihla %pNyaskarae< ke iày iv;y rhe hE<, #s trh jIvn me< s<";Rrt nairyae< kI

mihla %pNyaskarae< ne Apne %pNyasae< me< Ai-VyiKt dI hE,

#s àkar àemcNd pUvR se lekr Aaxuink %pNyasae< tk Aate Aate narI

smSyaAae< ke bdlte êp hm deo skte hE<, jIvn mULyae< me< Aaye Vyapk pirvtRn

SÇI ke jIvn me< -I pirvtRn laye, Aaxuink piriSwityae< me< pirvitRt hae rhI narI

cetna ka Vyapk icÇ[ mihla %pNyaskarae< ke %pNyasae< me< deone kae imlta hE,

Aaj kI iv;m piriSwityae< me< Apne Svt<Ç VyiKtTv kI Swapna krne ke il@

s<";Rrt narI mihla %pNyaskarae< ke %pNyasae< me< àmuo iv;y rhI hE,

112

s<d-R

1· inmRl vmaR ke saihTy me< narI £fa· Qakur ivjyis<h, p&· s< 52

2· jEneNÔ ke %pNyasae< me< narI paÇ £ fa· saivÇI mQpal, p&· s< 25

3· inmRl vmaR ke saihTy me< narI £fa· Qakur ivjyis<h, p&· s< 94

4· saeQaeTtrI ihNdI leiokaAae< kI khainyae< me< narI £ fa·m<gla kPpIkere, p&·s< 20

5· ihNdI ke sa~Sk&itk %pNyas £ fa· sI· ceNn kezvulu, p&· s< 31

6· àgitvadI ihNdI %pNyas £ fa· ivjylúmI pa{fey, p&· s<70

7· saihiTyk inbNx £ fa· %mecNÔ imï, p&· s< 19

8· ihNdI %pNyas AaEr àem s<bNx £ ivjymaehn is<h, p&· s<· 104

9· àgitvadI ihNdI %pNyas £ fa· ivjylúmI pa{fey, p&· s<·73

10· ihNdI ka g* saihTy £ fa· ramcNÔ itvarI, p&·s<· 129

11· yzpal ke %pNyasae< me< narI jIvn kI smSyaye< £ fa· yaegez sUrI, p&· s<· 23

12· ihNdI ka g* saihTy £ fa· ramcNÔ itvarI, p&·s<· 132

113

13· ihNdI %pNyasae< me< mnae-avae< ka Svêp £ gaepaljI pa{fey, p&· s<· 41

14· yzpal ke %pNyasae< me< narI jIvn kI smSyaye< £ fa· yaegez sUrI, p&· s<· 23

15· saihiTyk inbNx £ fa· %mecNÔ imï, fa· lúmIka<t pa{fey, p&· s< 18

16· yzpal ke %pNyasae< me< narI jIvn kI smSyaye< £ fa· yaegez sUrI, p&· s<· 25

17· yzpal ke %pNyasae< me< narI jIvn kI smSyaye< £ fa· yaegez sUrI, p&· s<· 27

18· àmcNd ke saihTy me< ga~xI dzRn £ fa· kmlez sI desa$, p&· s<· 1

19· àemcNd AaEr %nke %pNyas £ fa· %;a \i;, p&· s<· 37

20· àemcNd AaEr %nke %pNyas £ fa· %;a \i;, p&· s<· 40

21· ihNdI %pNyas AaEr àem s<bNx £ ivjymaehn is<h, p&· s<· 167

22· àemcNd £ r<g-Uim, p&·s<·165

23· k<kal £ àsad, p&·s<·225

24· ihNdI %pNyas AaEr àem s<bNx £ ivjymaehn is<h, p&· s<· 187

25· icÇleoa £ -gvtIcr[ vmaR, p&· s<· 108

26· icÇleoa £ -gvtIcr[ vmaR, p&· s<· 108

114

27· jEneNÔ ke %pNyasae< me< narI paÇ £ fa· saivÇI mQpal, p&· s< 47

28· àemcNdaeTtr ihNdI %pNyas £ n@ nEitk mULy £ ziz guPta, p&· s<· 41

29· jEneNÔ ke %pNyasae< me< narI paÇ £ fa· saivÇI mQpal, p&· s< 47

30· #lacNÔ jaezI £ àet AaEr Daya, p&· s<· 302

31· àemcNdaeTtr ihNdI %pNyas £ n@ nEitk mULy £ ziz guPta, p&· s<· 93

32· àemcNdaeTtr ihNdI %pNyas £ n@ nEitk mULy £ ziz guPta, p&· s<· 48

33· pw kI oaej £ p&· s<· 105

34· xmRvIr -artI £ p&· s<· 284£285

35· àemcNdaeTtr ihNdI %pNyas £ n@ nEitk mULy £ ziz guPta, p&· s<· 175

36· ihNdI %pNyas£smaj zaSÇIy ivvecn £ fa· c{fI àsad jaezI, p&· s<· 366

37· SÇIvad AaEr mihla %pNyaskar £ fa· vEzalI dezpa<fe, p&· s<· 72

38· Aaxuink kwa saihTy me< narI> Svêp AaEr àitma, s<padk £ fa· %mazuKl,

fa· maxurI Daefa, p&· s<· 14

39· SÇIvad AaEr mihla %pNyaskar £ fa· vEzalI dezpa<fe, p&· s<·77

115

40· ihNdI kI mihla %pNyaskarae< kI manvIy s<vedna £ fa· %;a yadv, p&· s<88

41· ihNdI %pNyas me< pairvairk s<d-R £ fa· %;a m<ÇI, p&· s<· 24