IDF open meeting 2007

doi>

Eight possible innovations

doi>Innovative uses of the DOI System

• Digital Object Identifier = Digital [Object Identifier] • Not [Digital Object] Identifier• “The DOI® System provides an infrastructure for persistent

unique identification of entities ... A DOI name is permanently assigned to an object, to provide a persistent link to current information about that object, including where the object, or information about it, can be found on the internet”. – ISO draft standard

• Because entities of interest may be physical, digital, or abstract (“works”)

• e.g. CrossRef assigns DOI to “article” irrespective of format

• Handle: Digital Object Architecture• Not a conflict: Any entity can be abstracted into a representation

as a digital object

doi>Scope of the DOI System

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doi>Intellectual property and the DOI System

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Current DOI uses

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• Parties– Authors: for disambiguation etc – Institutions: for licensing transactions, etc.– ISNI: International Standard Name Identifier (was: ISPI)

• Based on InterParty “PIDI = Public identity identifier”

– ITU Identity management Focus group • Any end point in the network (machines, users)

• Licences– 2005 IDF meeting presentation (Mark Bide)– ONIX for licencing work (with NISO/ERMI)

• Electronic Resource Management Initiative

– More at NISO/BISG meeting tomorrow – Contextual identification

doi>[1] DOIs for entities other than “creations”

• Identifier schemes already exist for many creations • ISBN, ISSN, ISRC, etc. • New ones: ISTC (textual abstractions e.g. “Robinson Crusoe by

Daniel Defoe”)

• Specific example – “Bookland DOIs” from ISBNs– Name comes from concept of Bookland bar codes from ISBNs

• Pilot scheme based on the new syntax of the ISBN-13– ISBN: 978-86-123-4567-8– DOI to be: 10.978.86123/45678– also ISMN, etc

doi>[2] DOIs working with existing identifiers

• General case• ISO standardisation of DOI System

– “A DOI name is not intended as a replacement for other identifier schemes, but when used with them may enhance the identification functionality provided by those systems with additional functionality…”

• Incorporate the other identifier into the DOI syntaxand/or

• Record the other identifier in the DOI metadata.

• Each scheme retains its autonomy but works together

doi>[2] DOIs working with existing identifiers

• Representations • URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.978.86123/45678• MPEG-21: DII (Digital Item Identifier)• URI schemes:

– Info URI– URI

• URN

doi>[2] DOIs working with existing identifiers

• What does this DOI identify (precisely)?– For interoperable uses: use in services outside the control of

the assigner

• Metadata scheme already worked out– Kernel plus optional extensions

• Standard ways of declaring simple metadata – e.g.for Open URL uses – Interoperability is key aspect which will tip requirements -

see last years IDF presentations

doi>[3] DOIs to define and declare

• Precisely what is being named? – Suppose I have here a pdf version of Defoe’s “Robinson

Crusoe” issued by Norton. I find an identifier – is it of:– All works by Daniel Defoe – The work “Robinson Crusoe”?– The Norton edition of “Robinson Crusoe”? – The pdf version of the Norton edition of…. ?– The pdf version of…held on this server…?

• Most digital objects of interest have compound form, simultaneously embodying several referents.

• Multiple identifiers may be necessary (like music CDs)

• Identifiers assigned in one context may be encountered, and may be re-used, in another place or time - without consulting the assigner. You can’t assume that your assumptions made on assignment will be known to someone else.

doi>[3] DOIs to define the entity

• DOI of one item may be related to DOI of another • Through multiple resolution, metadata, Application Profiles…

• Example: A DOI of a work could resolve to several available formats, languages, etc.

doi>[3] DOIs to express relationships

• Examples:

• Biological nomenclature – disambiguation and extension of the current taxonomy

models – Names-4-Life: 2004 presentation

• Clinical Trials– identifying specific trials and sub sets of items– UK NHS project currently using DOIs on pilot basis

doi>[4] DOIs for non-traditional entities

• Example:• Book fragments – tables, figures, chapters, exercises• Interactive e-books (Knovel)• Some may be identified by other identifiers which could become

DOIs (see [2])• Some may be in scope but not yet widely used • Other may require new DOIs

• Others:• Nature “precedings”; Scirus “topic pages”; some blogs?

doi>[5] DOIs for “new” traditional entities

Significant benefit of Handle System:• Resolve from one DOI to several different results • One-to-many linkage • Resolution request would give:

– all results, or – all results of one type

• Need a framework to build these applications on: group similar uses so that the results are predictable and can be used across applications

• DOI Application Profile framework• Handle System “data value typing”

• Crossref to use for e.g. location-dependent resolution • Other business cases?• Could express relationships (ISTC to ISBNs etc)

doi>[6] DOI multiple resolution

• Resolve DOI with some additional information to give results depending on context

• Open URL • Full contextual resolution:

– See last year’s presentation– The Handle Workshop this afternoon

• Of interest re licensing etc • Steps in evolution:

– URLs: not useful for long term management – naming and resolution: “get me the right thing”– contextual resolution: “get me the thing that is right for me”

(e.g. “that I have access rights for”)

doi>[7] DOI contextual resolution

Adobe Acrobat plug-in • Concept announced and “mock-up” shown 2002• Now fully developed and licensed, available for Acrobat 8.0• Builds on Acrobat SDK • Early adopters needed• Potential for more work • Examples:

1. CrossRef data 2. “New version” functionality

doi>[8] DOI innovative tools

Adobe Acrobat plug-in • 2. “New version” functionality

doi>[8] DOI innovative tools

Firefox Handle Extension• Displays a toolbar with Handle System features• Tool to create additional handles, bookmark handles, etc

– Bring up a web page and assign a Handle

• Recent work: possible addition to “Firefox Add-ons”

doi>[8] DOI innovative tools

• DOIs for intellectual property entities other than “creations”

• Parties, licenses• DOIs working with existing identifiers

• ISBN; other ISO; representations• DOIs to define, declare, express relationships

• metadata• DOIs for “non-traditional” entities

• Biological names; clinical trials; data • DOIs for new “traditional” entities

• Fragments; topic pages, etc • Multiple resolution and standard “typing”

• Agreeing common framework for one-to-many links• Adding context in resolution

• Open URL; Handle value typing• New tools for DOI users

• Acrobat 8; Firefox

doi>Innovative uses of the DOI System

Norman PaskinTertius Ltd

doi>

Innovative uses of the DOI System

www.tertius.ltd.uk