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ICU Management of Traumatic Brain Injury

ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

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Page 1: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

ICU Management of Traumatic Brain Injury

Page 2: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

ConcussionContusionff lDiffuse Axonal Inury

Page 3: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see
Page 4: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see
Page 5: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see
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Usually don’t require hospitalizationGrade 1‐Amnesia<30 min, no LOC 

dGrade 2‐ LOC< 5 min, amnesia > 30 minGrade 3‐ LOC>5 min, amnesia =24 hrs

Second Injury Syndrome:  Mortality 50‐100%

Page 8: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

ff fConcussion #2 – 1 month off if CT normal and only mild or moderate

d dConcussion #3‐ Season ending injury, do MRISame for Concussion #2 if severe

When will you see a concussion in the ICU?

Page 9: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see
Page 10: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see
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fFocal bruised areas of the brainAssociated edema

bl l blPossible enlargement (blossoming)

h ll hWhen will you see contusions in the ICU?

h llWhen will neurosurgery intervene?

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Grade I‐ coma 6‐ 24 hours, mild memory impairment, mild disability

d h lGrade II‐ coma >24 hours, long amnesia, behavior and cognitive deficits

d k hGrade III‐ coma weeks to months, posturing, cognitive, memory, speech, personality d fdeficits

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Page 16: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see
Page 17: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see
Page 18: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see
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Minimal:  GCS=15, no LOCMild:  GCS= 14, may have brief LOC

d f lModerate:  GCS= 9‐13 or LOC >5 min or focal neuro deficitSevere:  GCS =5‐8Critical:  GCS= 3‐4

Page 20: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

Minor Head Injury‐GCS= 14Elevate HOBNeurochecks q 1 or q 2 hrsNPO until alertNormal SalineMild analgesiagAntiemetic‐Tigan

Page 21: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

Moderate Head Injury GCS 9‐13Same as mild‐ to ICURepeat CT Head within 12‐24 hrs if pt does not return to GCS 14 or 15 within 12 hrs.

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Principles:

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = MAP‐ICP

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Secondary Injury 

l b l fIntracranial Pressure vs Cerebral Perfusion Pressure

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Normal CPP > 50 mm Hg

As long as CPP>60 mm Hg, higher CPP does b l dnot protect brain against elevated ICP.

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Normal Brain:  1400 mLCerebral Blood Volume:  150 mL

b l l l dCerebral Spinal Fluid:  150 mLClosed Skull

l d b d h h hPressure evenly distributed throughout the intracranial cavity

ll d h fMonroe‐Kellie doctrine‐ a change in one of the above necessitates a change in another.

Page 26: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

IndicationsNeurologic criteriaMultiple systems injured that may affect ICPTraumatic Intracranial Mass (EDH, SDH)Fulminant Liver Failure with Factor VII

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fInfectionHemorrhage

lf bMalfunction/obstructionMalposition

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Most accurateAllows fluid release to treat ICP elevationLower cost

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Camino or Honeywell/PhillipsMore expensiveMeasurement Drift

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Normal:A wave increases with arterial pulse

hVaries with respiration

h lPathologic waves:Lundberg A waves (plateau)Lundberg B waves (pressure pulses)Lundberg C waves 

Page 31: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

Check output every hourCheck function every hour

flOverflowSet zero point

bl h blTroubleshoot problems

Page 32: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

Jugular Venous Oxygen MonitoringBrain Tissue Oxygen Tension Monitoring

d d f lBedside Monitoring of Regional CBF

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F  ICP      H   d k  CPP    HFor ICP> 20 mm Hg, and keep CPP>70 mm Hg

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El t  HOB   dElevate HOB 30‐45 degreesNeck straight, no tight trach tapeSyst BP > 90 mm HgControl HypertensionypAvoid hypoxia‐ PaO2 <60 mm HgVentilate to normocarbiaLight sedationHypothermia controversialHypothermia‐ controversialCT Head for uncontrolled ICP

Page 35: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

H   d i  (f l   hi   d/   l i )Heavy sedation (fentanyl, morphine, and/or paralysis)Seizure ControlDrain 3‐5 cc CSF if Intraventricular catheter present3 5 pHyperventilate to PaCO2 30‐35 mm HgMannitol, keep serum Osmol. <320 Can add 23 5% Hypertonic Saline if Osmo allowsCan add 23.5% Hypertonic Saline if Osmo allowsHyperventilate to PaCO2 25‐30 mm HgCheck CT, EEG, proceed to next tier

Page 36: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

Hi h d  b biHigh dose barbituratesHyperventilate to PaCO2 25‐30 mm HgHypothermia‐watch cardiac index, thrombocytopenia, yp , y p ,pancreatitis, avoid shiveringDecompressive surgeryLumbar DrainageLumbar DrainageHHH therapyIV Lidocaine‐ unprovenHi h f   il i id  if hi h PEEP  i dHigh frequency ventilation‐ consider if high PEEP required

Page 37: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

More of these‐

Page 38: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

Means less of these!!!

Page 39: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

And More of these

Page 40: ICU Management of Traumatic Brain docs 2/News/Trauma presentations/Closed Head...Focal bruised areas of the brain Associated edema Possible enlargement (blossoming) When will you see

l f hMeans less of these!!!