ICT1_DN_CH1_Living in a network centric world

8/8/2019 ICT1_DN_CH1_Living in a network centric world

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2008

Chapter 1: Living in a network centricworld

1EA/ICT1/DataNetwerken

CCNA1: Network Fundamentals

[email protected]


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Overview

Much of this will become clearer LATER!

The more we learn, the more all of this will come into focus!

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Objectives

Describe how networks impact our daily lives.

Identify the key components of any data network.

Identify the opportunities and challenges posed by convergednetworks (carry voice, video, data)

Describe the characteristics of network architectures: fault tolerance,scalability, quality of service and security.

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NETWORK CENTRIC WORLD

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Using Networks in our lives

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Using Networks in our work

Networks are no longer just a luxury, but anecessity in conducting business for businesses,governments, educational institutions, etc.

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Using Networks in our work

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Using Networks in outsideof work

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More than just connecting cables

(thats the easy part) Todays networks are complex and

sophisticated combination of protocols,software, hardware, algorithms,configurations, policies, and more

Security

Privacy

24 x 7 availability and access

Quality of Service

Video on Demand

Voice over IP (over the Internet) Redundancy and backup

Mission critical applications

Productivity and user expectations

Wireless

Networks Behind the scenes

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Networks Supporting the Way We Live

The original idea about networks and the Internet was about sharing computerresources computer-to-computer communications.

That quickly changed to people-to-people communications.

Early networks were limited to character-based information.

Communications between computers was not common nor easy to do.

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Networks Supporting the Way We Live

Todays networks carry between many different types of devices:

Voice

video streams

Text

graphics

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

CQzUsTFqtW0

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Networks are integral in our daily lives

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Examples of Todays Popular CommunicationTools

Instant Messaging: AOL AIM and MSN Messanger Developed from earlier Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Incorporates features such as:

file transfer voice video communication (web cam) chat

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Weblogs (blogs)

Weblogs (Blogs) are web pages that are easy to update and edit.

Unlike commercial websites, which are created by professionalcommunications experts, blogs give anyone a means to communicate their

thoughts to a global audience without technical knowledge of web design.

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Wikis

Wikis are web pages that groups of people can edit and view together.

There is a public wiki, called Wikipedia, that is becoming a comprehensiveresource - an online encyclopedia - of publicly-contributed topics.

Private organizations and individuals can also build their own wikis to capturecollected knowledge on a particular subject.

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Podcasting

Podcasting is an audio-based

medium that originally enabledpeople to record audio and convert itfor use with iPods.

Podcasting allows people to delivertheir recordings to a wide audience.

The audio file is placed on a website(or blog or wiki) where others candownload it and play the recording ontheir computers, laptops, and iPods.

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Collaboration Tools

Collaboration tools give people the opportunity to work together on shareddocuments.

Without the constraints of location or time zone, individuals connected to ashared system can speak to each other, share text and graphics, and editdocuments together.

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Supporting Learning

E-Learning

On-line discussions and access to resources

On-line assignments and assessments

Blended distance learning

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Packet Tracer .

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Networks Supporting the Way We Work

Intranets, private networks in use by just one company, enable businesses tocommunicate and perform transactions among global employee and branchlocations.

Companies develop extranets, or extended internetworks, to providesuppliers, vendors, and customers limited access to corporate data to check

order status, inventory, and parts lists. artesis 2008 | 21

N t k S ti th


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Networks Supporting theWay We Play

Email

Personal Web Sites

Sharing photos and videos(YouTube)

Travel: Expedia, Priceline,

Travelocity, etc. IM

Gaming

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COMMUNICATION

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What is Communications?

Different expectations depending on whether we are chatting via the Internet orparticipating in a job interview.

Before beginning to communicate with each other, we establish rules oragreements to govern the conversation.

These rules, or protocols, must be followed in order for the message to besuccessfully delivered and understood.

A protocol is nothing more than an agreement or rules to govern a way ofcommunicating.

Among the protocols that govern successful human communication are: An identified sender and receiver

Agreed upon method of communicating (face-to-face, telephone, letter,photograph) Common language and grammar Speed and timing of delivery Confirmation or acknowledgement requirements

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Protocol

Before beginning to communicate with each other, we establish rules oragreements to govern the conversation.

These rules, or protocols, must be followed in order for the message to be

successfully delivered and understood.

A protocol is nothing more than an agreement or rules to govern a way ofcommunicating.

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Quality of


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Quality ofCommunications

Examples

An identified sender

An identified receiver

Confirmation or acknowledgement requirements Format or order of information

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Quality of Communications

Internal factors: nature of the message itself. The size of the message

The importance of the message

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NETWORK AS A PLATFORM

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What is Networking?

Networking - the interconnection of

workstations, peripherals, terminalsand other devices.

Whatis.com: In informationtechnology, networking is theconstruction, design, and use of

network, including the physical(cabling, hub, bridge, switch, router,and so forth), the selection and use oftelecommunication protocol andcomputer software for using andmanaging the network, and the

establishment of operation policiesand procedures related to thenetwork.

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Devices on a network

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Network Medium

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Network Applications and Protocols

Some other applications:

DNS, DHCP, HTTP, SMTP, FTP

Some other protocols

TCP/IP suite of protocols

Ethernet

Routing protocols

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Converged Networks

Traditional telephone, radio, television, and computer data networks eachhave their own individual versions of the four basic network elements.

Technology advances are enabling us to consolidate these disparate networksonto one platform - a platform defined as a converged network.

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Converged Networks

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ARCHITECTURE OF THEINTERNET

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four characteristics that are addressed by network architecture design

Scalability through:hirarchical design

Fault tolerance/ availability through:redundant paths with

failover and loadbalancing

packet switching

Quality of service

Security

network infrastructure (firewalls, passwords,)content (authentication, encryption)

4 characteristics

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Network Architecture

A fault tolerant networkis one that limits theimpact of a hardware orsoftware failure and canrecover quickly whensuch a failure occurs.

A scalable network canexpand quickly tosupport new users andapplications withoutimpacting theperformance of theservice being deliveredto existing users.

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Quality ofService

Voice and live video transmissions require a level of consistent quality anduninterrupted delivery that was not necessary for traditional computer

applications. artesis 2008 | 38

S


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Security

The security and privacy expectations that result from the use of internetworksto exchange confidential and business critical information exceed what thecurrent architecture can deliver.

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Ci i S i h d C i i d N k


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Circuit Switched Connection-oriented Networks

Setup process

Temporary circuit Failure in path, connection terminated

Limited number of circuits

Because resources at the various switching locations are dedicated to providing a finitenumber of circuits, the quality and consistency of messages transmitted across aconnection-oriented network can be guaranteed.

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P k S i h d C i l N k


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Packet Switched Connectionless Networks

Single message can be broken into multiple message blocks (packets). Packets containing addressing information indicates both their origination point

and their final destination. Packets, can be sent through the network along various paths, and can be

reassembled into the original message upon reaching their destination.

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Circuit Switched (connection oriented) vs


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Circuit Switched (connection oriented) vsPacket Switched (connectionless)

Circuit Switched

Dedicated circuit

Guaranteed level of service(bandwidth) - QoS

Inefficient use of medium

Single path, no redundancy

Packet Switched

Shared circuit

Messages divided into packets

More efficient use of medium

Redundancy, multiple possiblepaths

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S l bl N t k A hit t


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Scalable Network Architecture

Tier-1 providers: ISPs provide national and international connections.(Verizon, Sprint, AT&T, NTT, cable systems, etc.)

Tier-2 providers: Provide regional service, pay Teir-1 for connectivity.

Tier-3 providers: Provide service directly to end users, usually connectedthrough Tier-2 providers.

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Quality of Service

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Quality of Service

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QoS Matters

Without properly designed and implemented QoS mechanisms, data packetswill be dropped without consideration of the application characteristics orpriority.

Dropped distress call to an emergency response center, or of a lost control signalto an automated piece of heavy machinery.

A key responsibility for the network managers is to establish a QoS policy.

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Pro iding Net ork Sec rit


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Providing Network Security

Securing a network infrastructure includes the physical securing of devices

that provide network connectivity and preventing unauthorized access. Content security refers to protecting the information contained within the

packets being transmitted over the network and the information stored onnetwork attached devices.

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TRENDS IN NETWORKING

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Trends

Three major trends that are contributing to the future shape of complexinformation networks:

Increasing number of mobile users

Proliferation of network capable devices

Expanding range of services

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Career Opportunities

Information Technology and networking careers are growing andevolving as fast as the underlying technologies and services.

As networks increase in sophistication, the demand for people withnetworking skills will continue to grow.

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IT is not the network it is the users


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IT is not the network, it is the users

The IT (Information Technology)department is not the network.

The network is the users and their:

Needs

Expectations

Requirements

Uses

It is not up to the IT department todecide how the network gets used,but how to meet the user

requirements and at the same timeprovide the security and quality ofservice necessary.

If IT doesnt find a way, theusers will!

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A shift in attitude


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A shift in attitude

If an old school IT staff doesnt change,

they will be replaced. There is too much at stake and there are

IT people who can meet the needs of theusers and the organization.

Old school IT doesnt work any more.

We dont support MACs.

We cant allow that application on our

network. We cant give them access on our

network.

We have too much to do already.

We dont support that.

You dont know about networks, so

we cant do that. That would breach our security.

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Technical and Soft Skills


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Technical and Soft Skills

Networking professionals need moreknowledge and skills today than everbefore.

Tomorrows IT professionals will need

even more.

Just as important, and sometimeseven more important are the soft

skills: Attitude

Enthusiasm

Communications skills

Professionalism (conduct, etc.)

A professional within the organization.

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HOW TO MAKECONNECTIONS

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Four things you need to connect to other computers


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1. IP Address

2. Subnet Mask

3. Default GatewayAddress

4. DNS (DomainName Server)Address

Four things you need to connect to other computers

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IP Address


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192 . 5 . 34 . 11Dotted decimalnotation

Hirarchisch adres:

Netwerkgedeelte tot welk net/subnet behoor ik?:

eentjes in subnetmasker hier = aan /24

Hostgedeelte wie ben ik in het net/subnet?

nullen in subnetmasker

255 . 255 . 255 . 0

11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

Subnetmask

IP Address

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IP classes


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/8255.0.0.0

/16255.255.0.0

/24255.255.255.0

SUBNETMASK

IP classes

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1-126

Niet 0 & 127

128 -191

192 -223

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Private vs public ip addresses


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Private vs public ip addresses

PRIVATE:

A: 10.0.0.1 10.255.255.254

B: 172.16.0.1 172.31.255.254

C: 192.168.0.1 192.168.255.254

SPECIAL:

A: 0 and 127

Static vs dynamic ip addresses

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Na instellen statisch IP adres

CONTROLE met ipconfig

Daarna test connectiviteit met ping

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ICT1_DN_CH1_Living in a network centric world