Network Centric Military Operationsâ€”NCW

Copyright © 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr

2© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.RST-20718185_05_2003

Network Centric MilitaryOperations—NCW

Session RST-2071



Agenda

• Operation’s Today

• Operational Vision

• Ground/Sea Segment

• Air Segment

• Space Segment

• Putting It All Together

• Operational Examples


Operation’s Today

• Some what “Stove pipe”—Industrial ageEach unit/branch doing something different

• Difficult to manage/deployQoS policies

Security policies

• Interoperability challenges

Timely information sharing

Utilization of all assets



Information Age Transformation

Industrial Age• Success = Scale + scope

• Top down—Centralized

• Vertical integration

• Information hoarding

• Local awareness

• Make and sell

• Arms length relationships

• Inwardly focused

Information Age• Success = Adaptability + agility

• Empowering the “Edges”

• Virtual integration

• Information sharing

• Increased transparency

• Sense and respond

• Collaboration and synchronization

• Externally oriented

• Accelerated innovation and experimentation


Bridges to First Generation RoutersBridges to First Generation Routers Early 1980’s

Multi-protocol Router, Dynamic Routing ProtocolsMulti-protocol Router, Dynamic Routing Protocols Mid 1980’s

Multicast, Switching, Scaling, DHCPMulticast, Switching, Scaling, DHCP 1990’s

Single Network for Delay Sensitive (Voice), High Bandwidth (Video), Routine Data (E-mail) and Mission-Critical Data

Mid 1990’s –2000

Networking Trends

2000+Mobility, IPv6, Security, Wireless, Universal Access(PDA, PC, Phone), IPCES

Mobility, IPv6, Security, Wireless, Universal Access(PDA, PC, Phone), IPCES



Dynamic Drivers of Change

• Leadership “coming of age”

• Troops have grown-up with technology and are not afraid to “tinker” with it

• National strategy is increasingly a reality-based vision

• Optempo is using up equipment faster than it can be procured—Recapitalization is increasingly a continuous process

• Public expectations for “precision strike, casualty-free conflict”


U.S. Military TransformationThe Battlefield Landscape Has Changed

Operations Becoming More

Information/Network Centric

Operations Becoming More

Information/Network Centric

Spectrum of Military OperationsSpectrum of Military Operations

1989 2000

DesertStorm1990

Bosnia 1995

Kosovo 1999

Somalia 1993

Just Cause1989

EnduringFreedomSep 2001

?

• Legacy, Interim, and Objective Force

• Organization, Equipment, and Doctrine Changes

• Meet Diverse Threat (Terrorism to Field Army)

• Leverage Technology



Single Infrastructure

Packet-basedMulti-service Network

DataDataVoiceVoice

VideoVideo

CircuitCircuit

Integrated Multi-Service IP Network:Data, Voice, Video

• Integration of data, voice, and video services into a single packet-based infrastructure using IP

• Both in terrestrial and space based network infrastructure


Military Information Grid, a Complex Picture



Military Information Grid, a Complex Picture


Global Information Grid



Agenda




• Air Segment

• Space Segment




Global Hawk

ARL

Guardrail

DCGS-A

DCGS -AF

LAMPSMOBSTR

VTUAV

ATARS Predator

SHARP

Actionable Information: Actionable Information: The Right Info to the Right Decision Maker at the Right TimeThe Right Info to the Right Decision Maker at the Right Time

MC2A

JSTARS

DCGS-N

U-2

RC-135

SATSAT



Information Overload

“A modern commander has to cope with electronic data input at a rate of more than a million bits per second in order to make command decisions at a rate of less than one per second.”

(This implies a compression ration of over a million to one)

“The last thing that modern Commanders or managers need is for some helpful engineer to double the input of their in tray.”

Hambleton—How Big is a Commander’s Head—Translating Data into Decisions 1994




Agenda




• Air Segment

• Space Segment




Networking the Edge



Mobility on the Ground

NCSHA

FA0Battalion1

FA3Brigade

Time

FA2Battalion2

Wireless/3G Cellular Satellite


Mobile IP Communications Infrastructure

BRIGADEBRIGADE

BATTALIONBATTALION

DIVISIONDIVISION

SatelliteSatellite

802.11b Wireless+

Mobile IP/Mobile Routing

802.11b Wireless+


SatelliteSatellite

Video Camera

802.11b Wireless+


802.11b Repeater

802.11b Wireless802.11b Wireless

SATCOM LinkSATCOM Link

802.11b Repeater



Agenda




• Air Segment

• Space Segment




Littoral Mobile NodesSustainingBase

Dispersed CommunicationsDispersed Communications

Ad -hocCommunicationsAd -hocCommunications

Reachback

UAV

UAV

MC2A

UAV

LegendLegend

802.11 Wireless Links802.11 Wireless Links

Satellite LinksSatellite Links

Naval Mobile IP Communications Infrastructure

SatelliteSatellite



Mobility in the Air

NCSHANCSHA

FA0FA0 FA3FA3

Time

FA2FA2

Ethernet Ethernet

GeographyGeography

Wireless/3G Cellular SatelliteWireless/3G Cellular Satellite


Agenda




• Air Segment

• Space Segment





GroundStationsGroundStations

Direct DataDistribution

UniversitiesUniversities EducationalServices

EducationalServices

Satellite Relays

TDRSSGatewayTDRSS

Gateway

Bent Pipe Relay

BusinessNetworksBusinessNetworks

SatelliteClusters

Balloons

Airplanes

Event Driven, Ad Hoc Networks

Ground SensorsGround Sensors

Space Segment

The Internet


Existing SystemsExisting Systems Future SystemsFuture Systems

IP in SpaceParadigm Shift

Satellite

Dedicated Operations

Dedicated Data Pipeline

Scheduled Service

Fully Optimized

Every Mission Is Unique

Commanded

Isolated

Fixed Flight Configuration

Manual Fault Detection, Isolation, and Recovery

Satellite and Network Connection

Shared Operations

Shared Data Pipeline

Service on Demand

Best Available

Much is Common

Tasked

Integrated

Upgradeable Flight Configuration

Autonomous Fault Detection, Isolation, and Recovery



Agenda




• Air Segment

• Space Segment




MOBILITY = Freedom

• Wireless technology has liberated information networks

• Mobile IP is necessary for mobility transparency

Mobile Node 3Mobile Node 3

Mobile Node 1

Mobile Node 2Mobile Node 4Mobile Node 4

Home Agent

Commandand

Control

Commandand

Control

Satellite

Foreign Agent

Foreign Agent

Foreign Agent



SustainingBaseSustainingBase

Satellite

Range ExtensionRange Extension

Dispersed CommunicationsDispersed Communications

Ad -hocCommunications

Ad -hocCommunications

ReachbackReachback

Satellite

UAV

UAV

UAV

UAV

C130

Mobile IP Communications Infrastructure

Mobile NodesMobile Nodes


Information “Reach”

Network CentricInformation Advantage

• Content

• Accuracy

• Timeliness

• Relevance

.

.

Information “Richness”



Local GlobalRegional

61 el. Theater

8 G H z M B R

1 6 9 e l . 7 G H z M B T

4 4/ 2

0

2 5 6 e l e m e n t

T P A4 8 4 e l e m e n t

R P A

Platform CentricWarfighting Concepts

Platform CentricWarfighting Concepts

Network CentricWarfighting Concepts

Network CentricWarfighting Concepts



Information WorkInformation WorkSpace ChatSpace Chat

Falcon ViewFalcon View

Predator 2Predator 2

Predator 1Predator 1SATCOM LinkSATCOM Link

ZIRCON ChatZIRCON Chat

Combat Track IICombat Track II

Auto TimeAuto Time“Gucci”“Gucci”

Power ScenePower Scene

Coalition ForcesCoalition Forces

Allied ForcesAllied Forces

Intel SupportIntel Support

Emerging / Time Critical Targeting CellEmerging / Time Critical Targeting Cell

UHF/SATCOMUHF/SATCOM

Live TV

Real TimeReal TimeWeatherWeather

Theater Battle ManagementTheater Battle ManagementCore SystemCore System

Rosette DisplayRosette Display--Operation SOUTHERN WATCHOperation SOUTHERN WATCH

Rosette DisplayRosette Display--Operation ENDURING FREEDOMOperation ENDURING FREEDOM


Key Points

• Network centric operations is emerging as a cornerstone of DoD’s information age transformation

Evidence exists and is compelling

Clear linkage between information advantage and military advantage

Ideas and concepts have “traction”

• Early NCW adopters are reaping significant gainsArmed services: Increased combat power

Industry: New business

• A new mental model is required to navigate the ongoing transformation from the industrial age to the information age



SBRSBR

WGSWGS

Transformational Communications

GEO/HIO BackboneGEO/HIO Backbone

LEO/MEO UsersLEO/MEO Users

Theater GridTheater Grid

Tactical GridsTactical Grids

SurfaceGrids

SurfaceGrids

Fixed GridFixed Grid JTRSJTRSJFNJFN

Tactical InternetTactical Internet

Link 11, IFDLLink 11, IFDLLink 16Link 16

Broadband LOSBackboneBroadband LOSBackbone

AEHFAEHF

TSATTSAT ,

MUOSMUOS APSAPS


Goal: Remove Communications as a Constraint to the User

Transformational Communications

• An internet-like transport architecture between space, air and ground nodes

Integrated space, air and ground networks

Global access to deployed/ mobile users (COTM)

Timely delivery of air and space data to theater and CONUS (AISR, SISR support)

Critical element of the Global Information Grid (GIG): RF and laser communications network

GEO/HIO BackboneGEO/HIO Backbone

LEO/MEO UsersLEO/MEO Users

Theater GridTheater Grid

Tactical GridsTactical Grids

SurfaceGrids

SurfaceGrids

Fixed GridFixed Grid JTRSJTRSJFNJFN

Tactical InternetTactical Internet

Link 11, IFDLLink 11, IFDL Link 16Link 16

Broadband LOSBackbone

Broadband LOSBackbone

AEHFAEHF

TSATTSAT , MUOSMUOS APSAPS

SBRSBR

WGSWGS



Agenda




• Air Segment

• Space Segment




SSTL MAR3251 Integration DMC Satellite

• Worlds First COTS Router in Space



DMC Constellation Launch Details

• Launch August 2003

• Russian supplied Cosmos 3-M rocket

• Launch site PLESETSK space centre

• NASA funded ground station for Cisco/NASA testing and operations


• Survivability of COTS products in space

• Operational data path for both mission data and system house keeping

• 4-6 sunlit passes per day

• IP routing and performance characteristics

• Mobile IP testing

DMC Satellite Operational Objectives



Ship to Shore Solutions

Option2:Strategic services notavailable at port facy.Platform provides reachback, with usersdisembarked.

Option1:Strategic services availableat port facy

CloudDCNDCN

AccessPoint

Voice and DataServices

IPSec Coveredwireless data services- 802.11

Direct Optical FibreOC-3/12/192

Direct CableCat5/5e/6

IPSec Coveredwireless dataservices - 802.11

Direct Optical FibreOC-3/12/192

Direct CableCat5/5e/6

DisembarkedUsers

Fax

DB


Maritime Operation

Dock Physical

802.11 to Shore

SATCOM

802.11 Cloud

DB



USS Coastguard and NASA

Coast Guard CutterNeah Bay


Land-based Antennas



Ship Based—Dipole and Tracking


Neah Bay Test—Nov 01



Auto Negotiation @ 11 MBPS


Fixed @ 1 MBPS



Applications

Microsoft Net Meeting

• Chat

• WhiteboardCollaboration/sharing

IP video conference

• VOIP Via FX port on router

Provided most comms during test

No cell coverage at 16 NM for cell phones


Neah Bay Test —Aug 02



Army Brigade to Battalion

H AFA

BrigadeLAN

MR

Brigade CMDR

BN 1 BN 2

BN 3Battalion Battalion

Battalion

To Division

OSPF Area 0

FA Adv Ports

FA Adv Ports

FA Adv Ports1.5 1.10

1.11

1.12

FA Adv Port

LAN LAN

LAN

Subnet

H AFA

HSRP

HSRP

OSPF Area 0.5 OSPF Area 0.10

OSPF Area 0.11

H AFA

H AFA

H AFA

H AFASwitch


HAFA

BN 1

HAFA

BN 2

HAFA

BN 3

BattalionTo Brigade

BattalionBattalion

CompaniesA B C D Companies

A B C D

CompaniesA B C D

=Four Soldiers Per CompanyWireless Clients SSID 100



MR

MR

MR

Battalion CMDR

Battalion CMDR

Battalion CMDR10.10.20.1255.255.255.0

Wireless Nets

Wireless Nets

Wireless Nets10.10.30.1255.255.255.0

10.10.40.1255.255.255.0

See Next SlidesSee Next Slides

See Next Slides

Army Battalion to Company

MRMR

MRMRMR

MRMR

MR

MRMR

MRMR



MR

Army Company to Battalion

MR

MR

MR

To Battalion

LAN

LAN

LAN

LAN


Operation Enduring Freedom:Engagement Innovation

• Special forces on horseback laser-designate targets for JDAM on F-14, F-15E, B-1, B-2

• F-14 passes mensurated target data to B-52, enabling successful target strike

Unprecedented Collaborative Engagement with Networked ForcesUnprecedented Collaborative Engagement with Networked Forces



Questions?

545454© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.RST-2315327_05_2002_c1


Recommended Reading

Internetworking CNA with Cisco NetworksISBN: 1578700833

Network Planning and Design Guide ISBN: 1587050919

Top-Down Network DesignISBN: 1578700698

Available on-site at the Cisco Company Store



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Session RST-2071


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Network Centric Military Operationsâ€”NCW