ICT-777137 5G-RANGE5g-range.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/5G-Range_D2.1_Application... · This document presents the first part of 5G-RANGE system specification regarding use-case

5G-RANGE receives funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 Programme (H2020/2017-2019) under grant agreement n° 777137 and from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Brazil through Rede Nacional de

Ensino e Pesquisa (RNP) under the 4th EU-BR Coordinated Call Information and Communication Technologies.

ICT-777137

5G-RANGE

5G-RANGE: Remote Area Access Network for the 5th Generation

Research and Innovation Action

H2020-EUB-2017 – EU-BRAZIL Joint Call

D2.1 Application and requirements report

Due date of deliverable: 31st April 2018

Actual submission date: 26th April 2018

Start date of project: 1 November 2017 Duration: 30 months

Project website: http://5g-range.eu

Lead contractor for this deliverable: UC3M

Version 1 date 26th April 2018

Confidentiality status: Public

http://5g-range.eu/

Deliverable 2.1 Applications and requirements report

© 5G-RANGE Consortium 2018 Page 2 of (32)

Abstract

This document presents the first part of 5G-RANGE system specification regarding use-case study and

requirement analysis. The second part will cover the reference architecture in the document entitled

"Architecture Concept for 5G Remote Area Network". The motivation is to specifically tailor a system

that supports sustainable rural services with feasible network deployments and appropriate business

models. Consequently, representative use-case scenarios are developed to cover basic services and

infrastructure, namely, Voice and Data Connectivity, and Wireless Backhaul, as well as, advanced

vertical application, namely, Smart Farming, and Remote Health Care. Furthermore, system

requirements are analyzed to cover, among other features, long-range coverage, and non-licensed

TVWS bands. Finally, the 5G-RANGE key performance indicators required to evaluate the system

performance are also provided.

Target audience

The primary target audience for this document is the radio access network research and development

community, particularly those with an interest in radio protocol stack and system development. This

material can be fully understood by readers with a background in mobile wireless cellular systems,

especially those familiar with 3GPP standards for 4G and 5G.

Disclaimer

This document contains material, which is the copyright of certain 5G-RANGE consortium parties,

and may not be reproduced or copied without permission. For more information on the project, its

partners and contributors please see http://5g-range.eu. You are permitted to copy and distribute

verbatim copies of this document containing this copyright notice, but modifying this document is not

allowed. You are permitted to copy this document in whole or in part into other documents if you

attach the following reference to the copied elements: “Copyright © The 5G-RANGE Consortium

2018.”

The information contained in this document represents the views of the 5G-RANGE Consortium as of

the date they are published. The 5G-RANGE Consortium does not guarantee that any information

contained herein is error-free, or up to date. THE 5G-RANGE CONSORTIUM MAKES NO

WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, BY PUBLISHING THIS DOCUMENT.

Impressum

Full project title: 5G-RANGE: Remote Area Access Network for the 5th Generation

Document title: D2.1 Application and requirements report

Editor: Alexander Chassaigne (TID)

Work Package No. and Title: WP2, Requirements, scenario and use cases definition

Work Package leaders: Alexander Chassaigne (TID), Sergio T. Kofuji (USP)

Project Co-ordinators: Marcelo Bagnulo, UC3M (EU), Priscila Solis, UnB (BR)

Technical Managers: Marwa Chafii, TUD (EU), Luciano Mendes, Inatel (BR)

Copyright notice

© 2018 Participants in project 5G-RANGE

http://5g-range.eu/



Executive Summary

The families of usage scenarios defined by ITU-R for IMT for 2020 and beyond include Enhanced

Mobile Broadband (EMBB), Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC), and

massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC). In some respects, the ITU scenarios favor smaller

cells and microwave bands since it enables simultaneously increased bandwidth for higher data rate

and massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (mMIMO) for higher spectral efficiency. Additionally,

mMTC also favors higher user density and URLLC shorter frame structure. However, 5G-RANGE

approaches application scenarios which envisage economically effective coverage for remote and

under-served areas. Consequently, the 5G-RANGE pursues features that are somehow complementary

to the original IMT2020, for example, long-range coverage, low user density, long frame structures,

and lower frequency bands below 1 GHz. Moreover, 5G-RANGE proposes to add new spectrum from

non-licensed TV Whitespaces (TVWS). Based on these features, it is expected to tailor a cost-effective

5G system which can stimulate feasible business models for remote areas.

The 5G-RANGE proposal has specified two use cases: Internet Access and High Mobility Application

in Remote Areas. This report expands the scenario analysis by including detailed case scenarios that

directly or indirectly cover the original use cases. In short, the case scenarios described in this

deliverable are Data and Voice Connectivity, Wireless Backhaul, Smart Farming and Remote Care.

Although the report covers other potential applications, the objective is not to provide an exhaustive

list. Rather than exploring such applications, the report selects some representative ones to drive the

requirement analysis.

The majority of 5G-RANGE features will be implemented in PHY and MAC layers of the radio

protocol stack. The TVWS usage will require opportunistic access based on cognitive radio, impacting

directly the MAC layer: adaptive bandwidth, variable channel allocation, among others. As a result,

TVWS will also impact PHY since lower Out of Band (OOB) emissions will require new waveforms

for effective spectrum usage, supporting: fragmented bandwidth, incumbent adjacent channel, and

selective rejection of narrowband interference. Moreover, 5G-RANGE will be designed to achieve ten

times more coverage than the conventional 4G technology, supporting high data rates within cell sizes

of 50 km radius. Consequently, this report presents several requirements to constraint the system for

those objectives and goals. The requirements are classified in functional and quantitative, as well as,

mandatory and optional. The functional requirements represent features while the quantitative

requirements represent minimum performance thresholds according to a defined set of radio

parameters. Also, mandatory requirements are those that must be implemented for all case scenarios,

while optional requirements enable the optimization of certain scenarios when implemented.



List of Authors

Alexander Chassaigne (TID)

Javier Lorca (TID)

Fabbryccio Cardoso (CPqD)

Peter Neuhaus (TUD)

Heikki Karvonen (UOULU)

Luciano Mendes (Inatel)

Wheberth Dias (Inatel)

Danilo Gaspar (Inatel)

Marcos Caetano (UnB)

Priscila Solís (UnB)

Albérico de Castro (USP)

Douglas L. Dantas (USP)

Sergio T. Kofuji (USP)

Wagner Silveira (USP)

Andre Mendes Cavalcante (Ericsson)

Igor Almeida (Ericsson)

Maria Valéria Marquezini (Ericsson)

Carlos F. M. e Silva (UFC)

Marcelo Bagnulo (UC3M)



Table of contents

Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 3

List of Authors ....................................................................................................................................... 4

Table of contents .................................................................................................................................... 5

List of figures ......................................................................................................................................... 7

List of tables ........................................................................................................................................... 8

Definitions and abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 9

1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 11

1.1 Objective ............................................................................................................................... 11

1.2 Structure of the document ..................................................................................................... 11

1.3 Use Cases related terminology .............................................................................................. 12

1.3.1 Use Cases ...................................................................................................................... 12

1.3.2 Mandatory and optional requirements ........................................................................... 12

1.3.3 Functional and Quantitative Requirements ................................................................... 12

1.3.4 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) .............................................................................. 12

1.3.5 Proof of Concept (PoC) ................................................................................................. 12

1.3.6 Vertical Application ...................................................................................................... 12

1.3.7 Super Cell ...................................................................................................................... 12

1.3.8 Network Slice ................................................................................................................ 13

1.4 KPI Related Terminology ..................................................................................................... 13

1.4.1 Bandwidth (Hz) ............................................................................................................. 13

1.4.2 Coverage (km²) .............................................................................................................. 13

1.4.3 Latency (ms) .................................................................................................................. 13

1.4.4 Mobility (km/h) ............................................................................................................. 14

1.4.5 Reliability (%) ............................................................................................................... 14

1.4.6 Peak Data Rate (bps) ..................................................................................................... 14

1.4.7 User Experienced Data Rate (bps) ................................................................................ 14

1.4.8 User/Connection Density (UE/km2) .............................................................................. 14

2 Scenarios and Applications ......................................................................................................... 15

2.1 Deployment Scenarios ........................................................................................................... 15

2.2 Potential Applications ........................................................................................................... 16

2.3 General Overview of Use Cases ............................................................................................ 17

3 Core Use Cases............................................................................................................................. 20

3.1 Agribusiness and Smart Farming for Remote Areas ............................................................. 20



3.2 Voice and Data connectivity over long distances for remote areas ....................................... 21

3.3 Wireless Backhaul and Local High-Quality Connections ..................................................... 22

3.4 Remote Care (e-Health) over long distances for remote areas .............................................. 23

4 Requirements ............................................................................................................................... 25

4.1 Mandatory Requirements ...................................................................................................... 25

4.1.1 Functional requirements ................................................................................................ 25

4.1.2 Quantitative requirements ............................................................................................. 27

4.2 Optional Requirements .......................................................................................................... 29

5 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................. 31

References ............................................................................................................................................ 32



List of figures

Figure 1. An overview of potential use cases. ....................................................................................... 19

Figure 2. Conceptual architecture for agribusiness case scenario. ........................................................ 21

Figure 3. Illustrative scenario for voice and data connectivity for remote areas. .................................. 22

Figure 4. Illustration of the wireless backhaul scenario. ....................................................................... 23

Figure 5. Illustration of the Remote Health Care scenario. ................................................................... 24



List of tables

Table 1. 5G-RANGE deployment scenarios. ........................................................................................ 16

Table 2. List of core and potential use cases for 5G-RANGE. ............................................................. 18

Table 3. Mandatory functional requirements. ....................................................................................... 26

Table 4. Mandatory quantitative requirements. ..................................................................................... 28

Table 5. Optional functional requirements. ........................................................................................... 30



Definitions and abbreviations

3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project

5G 5th generation wireless systems

ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio

ARPU Average revenue per user

BS Base Station

BW Bandwidth

C-Plane Control Plane

CA Carrier Aggregation

CAN Controller Area Network

CAPEX Capital Expenditure

CPE Customer-Premises Equipment

CQI Channel Quality Information

CS Circuit Switch

CSI Channel State Information

DL Downlink

E2E End to end

EMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband

eV2X Enhanced Vehicle-to-everything

FCC Federal Communications Commission

FTTH Fiber to the Home

GW Gateway

HPUE High Power User Equipment

Hz Hertz

ICNIRP International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection

IMT-2020 International Mobile Telecommunication system - 2020

IoT Internet of Things

ITU International Telecommunication Union

KPI Key Performance Indicator

LAA Licensed Assisted Access

LOS Line of Sight

LTE Long Term Evolution

Lx Layer x (x = 1, 2, 3)

MAC Medium Access Control

MaxCL Maximum Coupling Loss

MBB Mobile Broadband

MIMO Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output

mMIMO massive MIMO

mMTC massive MTC

MTC Machine Type Communications

NGMN Next Generation Mobile Networks

NR New Radio

NW Network

OOB Out of Band

OOBE OOB Emission

OPEX Operational expense

PHY Physical layer

PoC Proof of Concept

QoS Quality of Service

RRC Radio Resource Control

RTT Round Trip Time



SAP Service Access Point

SDU Service Data Unit

TVWS TV Whitespace

UE User Equipment

UHF Ultra-High Frequency

UL Uplink

URLLC Ultra-reliable-low latency communications

V2X Vehicle-to-everything

VHF Very-High Frequency

VoIP Voice over IP



1. Introduction

Nowadays, almost all telecom players have prepared their roadmaps for the imminent advent of 5G.

On December 2017, 3GPP completed the first phase of 5G specifications in Release 15 (38

specification series). That action gives the industry green light to fully accelerate design and

implementation of equipment adhering to the standard to reach the goal of commercializing first

products in the 2019 time-frame.

5G technology is expected to bring tremendous growth in connectivity, mobile traffic capacity, and

new capabilities that enhance performance by providing greater throughput, lower latency, ultra-high

reliability and higher connectivity density. It will enable different use cases from enhanced Mobile

Broadband (eMBB), to Ultra Reliable Low Latency (URLL), and massive Machine Type

Communication (mMTC) for Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as sensors, wearables, and smart

vehicles. However, as in the previous mobile networks generations, application scenarios for 5G do

not address use cases focused on rural and remote areas. This is happening in spite that some studies

estimate that from the 3.9 billion of unconnected people [Philbeck17], almost 1.6 billion live in areas

where mobile broadband coverage is not available [inter16]. It is clear that a sustainable rural service

will not be available unless network deployments and business strategies are specifically tailored to

this scenario.

In order to cover such opportunities in 5G, this deliverable describes the main application for

broadband Internet access in rural areas and the corresponding requirements for the physical (PHY)

and medium access control (MAC) layers, including the metrics for performance evaluation. In this

context, the deliverable also presents four detailed use cases to better characterize services and

applications that may be supported by 5G-RANGE.

1.1 Objective

The objective of this deliverable is to identify the main use cases and potential applications for

connecting rural and remote areas as well as the main requirements to support them in terms of data

rate, latency, scalability, robustness, mobility, and power consumption. The deliverable also lists a

group of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) required to evaluate the performance of the proposed

Cognitive MAC and PHY layers. These values will allow partners in the project to determine the best

PHY and Cognitive MAC configurations to be developed in Work Packages 3 and 4 specifically,

defining the requirements for the innovative blocks that will be designed in the scope of this project,

namely: 5G-ACRA, 5G-FlexNOW, 5G-MIMORA and 5G-IR2A for the PHY layer and 5G-COSORA,

5G-DARA and 5G-D2DRC for the Cognitive MAC layer. Besides the requirements for these blocks,

this deliverable also provides the main KPIs against which the solutions will be benchmarked for

successful operation.

1.2 Structure of the document

The structure of the document can be summarized as follows:

Section 1, contains the introduction, objective and structure of this deliverable, as well as

basic terminology related to use cases and KPIs.

Section 2, describes the main deployment scenarios and potential applications that couple with

the 5G-RANGE proposal and contains a general overview of the use cases.

Section 3, describes the use cases in detail.

Section 4, contains the mandatory and optional requirements for the PHY and MAC layers,

including the metrics for performance evaluation.

Section 5, concludes this deliverable.



1.3 Use Cases related terminology

This section presents and describes the terminology used in this deliverable.

1.3.1 Use Cases

A use case describes in a particular environment, the real sequences of interactions between the user of

one or more services (voice, mobile broadband – MBB, MTC, etc.) and the 5G RANGE system. The

use case also describes how these interactions are related to a clearly defined set of requirements and

KPI’s in order to provide an observable result of value.

1.3.2 Mandatory and optional requirements

The mandatory requirements are those that must be fulfilled for the solution to work. On the other

hand, the optional requirements are those that optimize the solution or the user experience when

implemented.

1.3.3 Functional and Quantitative Requirements

When specifying a system, functional requirements describe what are the system functions and

behaviors, i.e., what the system does. On the other hand, quantitative requirements constraint the

system operation and define how it performs.

1.3.4 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

Key Performance Indicators are measurable values used for quantitative evaluating the network

performance delivered to users as well as characterizing the use cases. With the use of KPIs it is

possible to set optimal values and performance thresholds for several fundamental parameters like

throughput, availability latency, jitter, among others.

1.3.5 Proof of Concept (PoC)

A Proof of Concept (PoC) is a prototype that is designed to demonstrate the feasibility and practical

potential for real-world application of the 5G-RANGE system.

1.3.6 Vertical Application

A vertical application represents a set of services sharing some common characteristics mainly

associated to a group of businesses that belong to the same industry, but not necessarily linked in

terms of connectivity requirements. This means that for a given vertical application, there could be

several service requirements for example: mMTC for sensors control, eMBB for video streaming and

Circuit Switch (CS) or voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) for voice services.

Normally, the vertical application is designed for a niche market, which focuses on products or

services for a specific industry value chain, involving suppliers, customers, trades and professions.

Examples of such applications are automotive, banking, education, city management, energy, utilities,

finance, food and agriculture, media, government, healthcare, insurance, manufacturing, real estate,

transportation and retail. These verticals have specific network demands and plenty of room for

improvements in their production and service processes.

1.3.7 Super Cell

It is a coverage area that extends the macro cell range with high performance in term of throughput,

spectrum efficiency and mobility. Super Cell concept adheres and optimizes the 3GPP scenario for

Extreme Long-Range Coverage in Low-Density Area [22.261], allowing better throughput

performance by considering additional non-licensed TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum.



1.3.8 Network Slice

In the 5G-RANGE project, the network slice concept is treated as a set of network functions and

corresponding resources necessary to provide a complete network functionality, including radio access

network functions and core network functions (e.g., potentially from different vendors). Network

slices are independent of each other and one network can support one or several network slices. It

means that regardless the number of slices, one service or traffic in one slice should not impact other

services or traffic in other slices.

1.4 KPI Related Terminology

This section presents the terminology regarding the KPIs used in this document.

1.4.1 Bandwidth (Hz)

This term refers to the maximum total aggregated system bandwidth, independently of using a single

or multiple RF carriers.

1.4.2 Coverage (km²)

Simply put, coverage is defined as an area over which a system service is provided with a probability

level above a certain threshold. More specifically, assuming link level formulation, it is an area where

the coupling loss is below a maximum value at which the service can be delivered.

The coupling loss is defined as the total long-term channel loss between the user equipment (UE) and

the base station (BS) antenna ports, and includes link budget information such as antenna gains, path

loss and shadowing. The maximum coupling loss value (MaxCL) is defined by 3GPP [38.913] as

MaxCL = 𝑃Tx(max)

− 𝒮Rx,

where MaxCL is given in dB, 𝑃Tx(max)

is the maximum transmission power in dBm and 𝒮Rx is the

receiver sensitivity in dBm.

The receiver sensitivity is calculated by

𝒮Rx = 𝑁eff + SINR;

𝑁eff = 𝑁𝑡 + ℱRx + ℐm + 10 log Bw ;

where:

𝑁eff is the effective noise (dBm),

SINR is the required signal to interference plus noise ratio (dB),

𝑁𝑡 is the thermal noise density (dBm/Hz),

ℱRx is the receiver noise figure (dB),

ℐm

is the interference margin (dB),

Bw is the occupied channel bandwidth (Hz),

1.4.3 Latency (ms)

The latency requirement depends on different circumstances, as described in the next subsections.

1.4.3.1 Control Plane Latency (ms)

Control Plane Latency is a transition time required by a UE to move from idle state (RRC-Idle) to

active state (RRC-Connected). The C-Latency target assumed for LTE is 100 ms, while for 5G New

Radio (NR), it is 10 ms.



1.4.3.2 User Plane Latency (ms)

User Plane Latency is the transit time period a packet takes between radio protocol L2/L3 Service

Data Unit (SDU) ingress and egress points. Target values are 5 ms (UL) + 5 ms (DL) for low latency

communications and 0.5 ms (UL) + 0.5 ms (DL) for URLL communication.

1.4.3.3 End-to-End Latency (ms)

End-to-End Latency (E2E) is the time duration it takes to successfully transfer a piece of information

at the application level. The time is measured from the moment it is transmitted by the source to the

moment it is successfully received at the destination.

1.4.3.4 Round Trip Time (ms)

Round-Trip Time (RTT) is the time period measured between the instant a message/packet is sent to

one node and an acknowledge status is received back, without assuming correct reception.

1.4.4 Mobility (km/h)

Mobility is the maximum velocity of a UE that enables the achievement of a defined quality of service

(QoS), independent of its location. As a reference, LTE is optimized for mobile speeds up to 15 km/h,

supporting high performance up to 120 km/h, and mobility is maintained up to 350 km/h. 5G NR is

targeting even higher mobility to support some QoS for high-speed trains with speeds up to 500 km/h.

1.4.5 Reliability (%)

Reliability is the percentage of packets successfully delivered between nodes, within the time

constraint required by the targeted service, and measured at radio protocol L2/L3 SAP. High reliability

is assumed for values above 99% and ultra-reliability for values measured as 1 − 10−𝑥. For example,

ultra-reliable Enhanced Vehicle-to-everything (eV2X) applications require the reliability of 1 − 10−5.

1.4.6 Peak Data Rate (bps)

Peak data rate is defined as the highest theoretical throughput in bits per second, assuming error-free

conditions, when all radio resources are assigned to a single UE.

1.4.7 User Experienced Data Rate (bps)

User experienced data rate is the minimum data rate required to achieve a sufficient quality

experience. It is measured at the transport layer or above, depending on the service type and the link

direction (uplink or downlink).

1.4.8 User/Connection Density (UE/km2)

User density or connection density is the number of network-connected UEs over a unit area (1 km2),

fulfilling specific QoS requirements.



2 Scenarios and Applications

We have identified several application scenarios that can benefit from a reliable remote area network.

This section describes the main scenarios considered in the 5G-RANGE development.

2.1 Deployment Scenarios

The 5G-RANGE proposal focuses on enabling a cost-effective 5G solution for broadband Internet

access in remote areas. To tackle this problem, we address coverage improvements of low-density

population areas. Our goal is to provide applications that can boost economic development for local

populations. Some examples of such applications are: smart farming for agribusinesses, asset tracking

for transportation, and broadband internet access for communities and businesses operating in remote

areas. We can identify two deployment scenarios that couple with the 5G-RANGE proposal, as

detailed in Table 1.

The first type of areas we consider are remote areas. Remote areas are regions isolated from urban

areas that lack even basic healthcare and education facilities. They consist of very large open areas

with very diverse terrain, all kinds of vegetation, and scarce physical infrastructure. Communities

living in such areas are characterized by their small size, older demographic structure, declining

population, geographic isolation, and reliance many times on only one type of industry. The residents

have to travel long distances to access any kind of service. They have inadequate public infrastructures

such as transportation, electricity, and communication. The second type of areas we consider are

underserved areas. Underserved rural areas refers to countryside, villages, and farms that have access

to basic facilities. These include, for example, basic schools, health centers and small supermarkets.

Some areas even have limited Internet access.

These two scenarios can also be defined by their degree of remoteness. They differ according to their

distance and isolation from urban areas. Moreover, we observe a strong correlation among remoteness,

population vitality and economic dynamism. It means that the more isolated a community is, the worse

it performs economically. These areas cannot provide sufficient business opportunities in general. The

more remote a community is, the more difficult and expensive transportation, construction and other

services are to provide. Remoteness also implies isolation of potential employers from suppliers and

markets. By this definition, we could say that the Underserved Rural Areas scenario would be less

remote than the Remote Areas scenario but would still have some degree of isolation and lack of

economic diversity.

The amount of isolation is a determining factor of how much knowledge can be shared. In fact, the

ability to share knowledge is very important in many aspects, namely, productivity, successful

innovation, and social progress. Current communication technologies cannot tackle many problems

that local producers face. The reason is either because their deployment is not economically feasible,

or the ones available are so basic that many advanced digital services simply cannot work there.

In this context, 5G-RANGE is committed to bring some technologies to 5G that can have an actual

economic impact on remote and underserved rural areas. For example, cognitive radio and spectrum

sensing will allow non-licensed access to vacant TV spectrum, the so-called TVWS. The license-free

exploitation of TVWS is an approach to reduce capital expenditure. In another example, the radio

protocol stack, including the PHY, will be optimized for long-range coverage. In low population

density areas, the distance between neighboring BSs can be increased whenever the technology allows

it. 5G-RANGE is proposing to multiply this distance ten folds when compared to the current 4G

technology, which is optimized for 5 km range. Long range coverage is an approach that will allow for

covering a determined area using a reduced number of BSs. This will have a direct impact on the

demand for additional infrastructure as backhaul and power supply. As a result, 5G-RANGE will

enable more efficient capital and operational expenditures for remote areas, creating a deployment

scenario for a more attractive business plan.



Table 1. 5G-RANGE deployment scenarios.

Feature Scenario

Remote Areas Underserved Rural Areas

Open areas

Wild regions

Geographic barriers

National parks

Cultivating crops

Pasture fields

Public

infrastructure

Scarce infrastructure, basically

roads and train lines Basic infrastructure

Building structures Practically none Houses or group of houses

Potential users

Very low-density users

People in transit

Vertical markets: Energy,

Mining

Low-density users

Small communities

Vertical markets: Agribusiness,

Transportation, Mining

2.2 Potential Applications

The advent of 5G-RANGE would allow a series of applications, that will stimulate culturally and

economically the identified deployment scenarios, with a great potential for innovation, revealing new

forms of entertainment and business models. Some foreseen applications are:

Wireless Backhaul

This is one of the most important applications of 5G RANGE, especially in countries with

continental dimensions. In this application, a single BS operates as a broadband

interconnection for several UE located at uncovered outlying areas, with an asymmetrical link

capacity, privileging the downlink. The advantages of this approach rely on the fact that the

UE can provide connectivity for several local devices with a reduced cost and short

deployment time when compared with other access technologies such as FTTH and Satellite

links.

Smart Farm

This application presents an enormous potential of innovation not only for the agribusiness

segment, but also for small to medium-sized producers, leading to improvements in practically

all agriculture production process. The 5G-RANGE network can host a mission-critical

overlay network for automated machinery, allowing field automation like plating, irrigation,

harvest and plague control besides storage and transportation of goods. Likewise, IoT devices

from clusters of actuators and sensors to wearables would be connected to the 5G-RANGE

network through specific UE used as a gateway.

Security related monitoring, tracking and control

Another possible application to the 5G-RANGE network is tracking and monitoring of assets,

roads, cargo vehicles, vessels, roads and strategic locations. The 5G-RANGE network will

allow security enhancement and assets tracking making surveillance possible in locations

currently unconnected by terrestrial networks. The possibility of real-time video surveillance



over extensive areas can be applied in border security. Countries with extensive perimeter

would strongly benefit by communication support for drones, presence detection video

cameras, allowing a better control of its borders.

Energy

5G-RANGE will permit the expansion of energy monitoring devices along the power

distributions lines, enabling currently unconnected devices to be monitored, leading to a better

forecasting of energy needs. The energy sector will further enhance its grid management in

terms of load balancing, helping to reduce electricity peaks and ultimately reduce energy

costs. This application will also help a better planning of energy infrastructure.

Maritime

The need for integration between offshore platforms and onshore facilities requires intense

information exchange, such as video conferencing, vessel monitoring, remote control,

broadband access for the crew, geological data traffic and model visualization. 5G-RANGE

can become a complementary connective solution, besides satellite link, for the oil, gas and

minerals exploration in deep water. There are two possible ways of integration in this

scenario. In the first one, a 5G-RANGE BS located on the shore can provide Internet access

for the platforms within the coverage area. In the second approach, a 5G-RANGE BS located

in a central platform can use a satellite link as backhaul to provide Internet access for the

surrounding platforms.

Environmental monitoring and alert

The long-range coverage of 5G-RANGE network can enable environmental monitoring in

remote areas including farms, forests and sea. The monitoring of relevant parameters can

enhance public safety, life quality, environment protection and agribusiness efficiency by

raising situational awareness and allowing responsible parties to emit alerts or take actions at

the proper time. Relevant environmental data like rainfall, ocean waves, smoke presence, and

others can be applied in disaster alert related to earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides,

wildfire, tornados, etc. Acquired data can also be used for environmental monitoring regarding

on air and water quality and wildlife tracking.

2.3 General Overview of Use Cases

Several strategic case scenarios can be described for remote and underserved areas that could

potentially trespass barriers of isolation that restricts the development of those areas. However, despite

the variety of potential applications, this report selects a few representative case scenarios for in-depth

analysis of technical components. By denominating them as Core Use Cases, we are not suggesting

that other scenarios are less relevant, but merely that they are only partially covered in 5G-RANGE,

with no support in the PoC. Examples of such cases are described in Section 2.2 and summarized in

Table 2. Also, Figure 1 shows a pictorial view of the potential use cases.

In order to select the Core Use cases, we took into consideration the applications with promising social

and economic impact for remote and underserved areas, which are use-case scenarios that deal with

basic services and infrastructure. For example, data and voice connectivity aims to guarantee

minimum voice and broadband services at far distances from the base station. Indeed, this is an

enabling service that can leverage other potential applications. Wireless backhaul is also an example

of how villages, rural communities and even countryside municipalities can benefit from long range

communication. In this case, instead of providing direct radio access, 5G-RANGE could use

conventional TV infrastructure (tower, power supply, frequency bands, etc.) to enable smaller cell



deployments with 5 km radius in strategic areas. This would allow conventional devices without

requiring powerful amplifiers and external high-performance antennas.

There are also scenarios that have the potential to stimulate local economies and improve the quality

of life in remote and underserved areas. For example, the smart farming scenario aims to promote

fertile environment for advanced agricultural settlements and enterprises. This would create

opportunities to develop entire regions and to open new frontiers for efficient agriculture. In another

use case scenario, remote health care is considered since it would bring quality healthcare assistance to

regions where health infrastructure is still precarious, or even absent. Furthermore, when associating

these two use cases, it could potentially revert the population decline of remote communities and even

leverage new settlements to the farthest regions of the countryside.

Table 2. List of core and potential use cases for 5G-RANGE.

Use Case

Name Use Case

Vertical

Market Service Scenario

Co

re U

se C

ases

Connectivity Basic data speeds and voice

services for very large areas

Telecom

service

providers

Voice, MBB All

Smart Farm

Data collection and

analysis, crop monitoring,

production traceability,

remote maintenance and

diagnosis, cattle counting,

etc.

Agribusiness Voice, MBB,

MTC Underserved

Wireless

Backhaul

Usage of TV broadcast

network infrastructure for

wireless backhaul

implementation

Telecom

service

providers

MBB Underserved

Remote

Health Care

Health/medical assistance

and monitoring Health Voice, MBB All

Po

ten

tial

ap

pli

cati

on

s Environmental Disaster alert and situational

awareness N/A MTC Remote

Maritime

Integration between

offshore platforms and

onshore facilities

Oil and Gas Voice, MBB,

MTC Remote

Smart grid

Enhance smart-grid

connectivity and

applications

Energy Voice, MBB,

MTC All



Figure 1. An overview of potential use cases.



3 Core Use Cases

3.1 Agribusiness and Smart Farming for Remote Areas

This use case scenario addresses the agribusiness vertical market with the objective to provide reliable

connectivity and networking for underserved and remote rural areas. It intends to enable smart farming

and broadband Internet access in a sustainable and cost-effective way. Moreover, it deals with real

time applications such as data collection and analysis, crop monitoring, production traceability, remote

maintenance and diagnosis, cattle counting, etc. Figure 2 shows the conceptual architecture for this

scenario.

This use case could be viewed as a set of mobile sensors aggregated into a Controller Area Network

(CAN) bus, monitored by a single UE module that would work as an access gateway. Agriculture

vehicles like harvesters, tractors, and trucks would be the target for these modules. In fact, much of

this equipment, provided by specialized manufactures like Case IH and John Deer, already have built-

in embedded sensors for real time data collection. However, they usually lack wireless connectivity to

transmit this information to a data center for real time analysis and monitoring. Additionally, such

gateways could also support video surveillance in cases where it is necessary.

Obviously, this specific mobile scenario has no limitations regarding battery usage since power can be

supplied directly by the vehicles. However, the same cannot be said about the stationary scenario,

where sensors are deployed directly into the field. Because of the need to transmit data over long

distances, improved battery capacity and/or external energy harvesting techniques, like solar panels,

may be required.

Even though this case scenario supports MTC, the massive deployment stated by ITU IMT2020 will

not be supported here. The reason is because the massive installation contradicts the original statement

of low user density. The agribusiness scenario addresses this issue by using gateways that can be

easily installed in the vehicles. These gateways can then provide the required connectivity for a large

set of sensors that will be typically embedded in the vehicles themselves.

Some basic features can be depicted here for this case scenario:

Most of the traffic load is driven in the uplink with no mission-critical requirements;

High data rates will be required to support video surveillance in the uplink;

Mobility can be relaxed assuming that in-the-field vehicles, including aerial vehicles like drones,

do not surpass 120 km/h. All these vehicles usually travel at 60 km/h or less;

A low-density area is assumed to be up to 2 UE/km2 to match 3GPP Extremely-Long-Range-

Coverage Scenario;

The system works best when covering an area with a radius up to 50 km, however it is designed to

support coverage up to 100 km with acceptable performance in favorable conditions.

In agribusiness, it is quite common to program and schedule parallel fronts to harvest a crop field.

Each harvest front consists of a team that operates the machinery and a team that provides support for

transportation, supply, maintenance, etc. In this context, we can assume that there is a higher

concentration of users in the harvest fronts, and in the garage as well. This higher concentration could

require a more advanced usage of 5G technology. For example, it could be more efficient to have one

mobile base station installed in a specific vehicle for each of those areas. Wireless self-backhaul would

be a way to connect the base stations to the core network. In this case, less transmission power would

be required from the terminals since they would be closer to the base station.

In practical scenarios, however, user/device density can be considered even less than the assumed 2

UE/km2. For example, consider the São Martinho group, the world's largest ethanol producer with

97% of its production mechanized. One of its farms, in Pradopolis city, Brazil, has 1350 km2 and



about a 400-vehicle fleet directly involved in the agriculture business. In this case, we have potentially

0.3 user/vehicle per km2 that achieves the 2 UE/km2 requirements by far, leaving room for other

devices like cell phones, tablets and extra sensors.

The 5G-RANGE system is specifically designed for optimizing infrastructure costs. One example is

the use of a non-licensed spectrum in TV-whitespaces which would allow broadband access and long-

range coverage at an effective cost. The 5G NR system has some features that could also be helpful for

this purpose. For example, it is possible to expose network capabilities within a dedicated network

slice. This feature would enable third-party specialized operators, or even the producers themselves, to

operate the network. Moreover, this type of service would bring new business plan opportunities, new

potential incomes and the possibility to share some deployment and operational costs among the

operators.

Figure 2. Conceptual architecture for agribusiness case scenario.

3.2 Voice and Data connectivity over long distances for remote

areas

This use case is focused on providing access to typical Internet applications in very large areas

(underserved / rural to far remote) with extreme coverage requirements and low density of users. The

users may be humans and machines (e.g. low average revenue per user – ARPU – regions, wilderness,

farms, areas where only highways are located, etc.) and will have limited availability of Internet

broadband access where traditional network deployments are not economically feasible. Figure 3

illustrates some applications examples for voice and data connectivity.

Some types of applications that will be evaluated in this use case are enhanced web browsing, email,

VoIP, multimedia on the web, audiographics conference, file sharing and interactive video on demand.



The QoS requirements will vary for the different applications. For example, in conventional text and

data networking, delay requirements are the least stringent. The response time in these types of

applications can increase from 2 to 5 seconds before becoming unacceptable. For interactive

applications, the overall roundtrip delay needs to be short to give the user an impression of real-time

responses. Normally, a maximum value of 0.1 to 0.5 seconds is required to accomplish this goal. In

video applications, it is necessary to preserve the timing relationships between audio and video

streams, as well as the timing relationships within individual video streams that may happen since

audio and video streams are transmitted concurrently. Jitter also is an essential performance parameter

to support real-time sound and image media. Of all data types, real-time sound is the most sensitive to

network jitter. For example, for VoIP, the timeliness of jitter is below 400 ms and below 100 ms for

interactive video on demand. Also, VoIP requires a short end-to-end delay of 100 ms to give the users

an imperceptible difference between the voice service and real speech.

The key characteristics of this scenario are super cells with very large area coverage (e.g.: link budget

better than 160 dB, relaxed timing on random access and other procedures to enable very long range

beyond 50km), with low to moderate user throughput up to 100 Mbps and low user density of 2

UE/km2. Consistency of user experience across a wide territory is not mandatory. Also, a key feature

is the opportunistic usage of TVWS in the VHF (Very High Frequency) and UHF (Ultra High

Frequency) bands. A license-free and opportunistic approach for the TVWS exploitation significantly

reduces the operation cost of the network. The VHF and UHF bands also exhibit very good signal

propagation properties, allowing for wide area coverage.

Figure 3. Illustrative scenario for voice and data connectivity for remote areas.

3.3 Wireless Backhaul and Local High-Quality Connections

This use case focuses on the usage of TV broadcast network infrastructure (towers and frequency

channels) for wireless backhaul implementation for rural area network. Figure 4 illustrates this case

scenario. Such regions that currently have a relatively good TV-coverage, the use of that infrastructure

for backhaul implementation could be a cost-effective solution. By utilizing low frequencies (VHF and

UHF), large multi-antenna systems, beamforming and high TV-towers, enough long wireless backhaul

link distances and required capacity may be achieved.

The proposed wireless backhaul approach could be useful for diverse types of scenarios for remote

rural locations, which does not have existing (fixed) Internet connection. Here we propose that of

wireless backhaul could be useful especially for local rural places like tourist venues, schools,

industrial or farming premises, remote settlements (villages) and industrial areas (e.g., mine), which



require high-quality connections. The assumption is that a 5G-RANGE base station that is installed to

TV tower, can provide line-of-sight (LOS) for a 50 km link using VHF or UHF band (unoccupied

channels based on spectrum sensing reports) to the local small cell BS which is located at the rural

location. Mobile users are connected to small cell BS in this local rural area. A further assumption is

that the population density is low in this area, but the user at small cell BS coverage (< 500 m) must be

supported by a high throughput (100 Mbps) connection.

Figure 4. Illustration of the wireless backhaul scenario.

3.4 Remote Health Care (e-Health) for remote areas

The Remote Health Care (e-Health) use case is focused on providing health/medical assistance to

Underserved Rural and Remote Areas. It assumes broadband communication with acceptable latency,

so the e-Health Ecosystem can provide real-time assistance. Thus, one facet of this scenario deals with

high-speed ambulance traveling through the super cell coverage area without losing connection to

video and voice services, and with high data rate and latency capable of handling full definition video

conference.

In both Remote and Underserved Rural areas, the access to medical assistance is considerably limited,

if it exists at all. Also, when available, the service is very inefficient because of the long distances and

difficult access to these areas. Therefore, the service in the entire chain, going from the physician up to

the patient and vice-versa, needs to be rethought, redesigned to create a new efficient ecosystem that

could provide qualified assistance to long distance and resource limited areas. In the context, the e-



Health Ecosystem is of extreme importance. This new ecosystem could be divided into three main

parts:

First Aid Care: During the call to emergency services, a video conference will help the

emergency center to provide first care instructions to ensure the patient´s safety during the

wait for the ambulance as well as to provide more information to ambulance staff, so they can

be more effective.

Ambulance Attendance: Due to the potentially long time that takes to arrive at the hospital it is

important to have the hospital team updated, providing real-time information and video image,

in order to get them ready to the patient’s arrival.

Hospital Care: It is the final patient treatment which should not dependent on 5G innovative

technologies. However, during the first aid, rescue process, or even for routine health

monitoring, physicians can monitor the situation, provide instructions, etc.

Other services for this ecosystem can provide complementary medical support, for example, dental

and dermatology remote appointments and psychology treatment sessions. Figure 5 illustrates this case

scenario.

Figure 5. Illustration of the Remote Health Care scenario.



4 Requirements

This section presents two types of requirements: functional and quantitative. The functional

requirements specify features that are necessary to achieve the technical objectives of the project,

which are the following:

Design and develop a cognitive MAC layer for opportunistic and fragmented spectrum

allocation on TVWS band;

Design and develop a novel PHY to deal with extremely large coverage areas, and very low

out-of-band emission (OOBE).

On the other hand, quantitative requirements are related to performance required to the system to work

properly. Considering that the system is a next generational leap in the mobile industry, the minimum

expected performance should be a relevant change with respect to the previous generation. In this

matter, 5G-RANGE holds a strategic position to complement 5G efforts toward sustainable rural

networks.

Additionally, the requirements are classified into mandatory and optional. The mandatory

requirements cover features, performance, and parameters that are common to all applications. On the

other hand, optional requirements define features that can optimize a case scenario when implemented.

4.1 Mandatory Requirements

This section defines essential characteristics that 5G-RANGE must support to provide MBB (Req-

F.m.2) at considerable distances (Req-F.m.1), as above 50 km. The challenge is to achieve 100 Mbps

in the downlink for stationary reception. As a result, Table 3 provides a list of features to accomplish

the key performance indicators associated to the quantitative requirements that are described in Table

4.

4.1.1 Functional requirements

High spectral efficiency is not straightforward at far distances from the BS, where the expected low

signal-to-noise ratio restricts the usage of MIMO and higher order modulation. In this context, the 5G-

RANGE system relies more on spectrum flexibility, adaptive transmission bandwidth, and link

adaptation to balance robustness and spectrum efficiency (Req-F.m.13). Consequently, this approach

includes more bandwidth from TVWS (Req-F.m.3), with the possibility of dynamic allocation (Req-

F.m.5), and fragmented spectrum usage (Req-F.m.6). This latter feature (Req-F.m.6) could allow the

system, for example, to reject harmful portions of spectrum selectively, even narrowband ones, which

would suffer from strong interference.

Although a non-licensed TVWS carrier can add a significant amount of additional spectrum, it can be

difficult to guaranty system reliability and even continuity of service by relying only on TVWS. This

occurs due to opportunistic access to TVWS band which requires sophisticated mechanisms of sensing

and decision, leading to dynamic and fragmented bandwidth. Thus, the system shall provide minimum

licensed bandwidth (Req-F.m.3) to ensure basic control operations like paging, connection

establishment, and broadcasting of system information. A solution based on licensed assisted access is

proposed (Req-F.m.3) to anchor the dedicated traffic on TVWS carrier. Moreover, LAA can be



customized to synchronous, coordinated access with coupled downlink and uplink as in conventional

licensed operation (Req-F.m.4).

The system is also conditioned to reuse, as always as possible, features from 3GPP protocol stack

(Req-F.m.12): LTE-Advanced-Pro (Releases 13 and 14) and 5G NR (Release 15). Since the 5G-

RANGE relies primarily on PHY and MAC, it is possible to reuse 3GPP features for the upper layers

(Req-F.m.12) and even the core network. However, it is important to note that such features are reused

to accelerate the development, keeping the focus on the project scope.

Regulatory aspects of opportunistic access to TVWS are still an incipient matter for the majority of

regulating agencies worldwide. One recurring discussion is the spectrum sensing mechanisms versus

the usage of a database to exploit the fixed assignment of TV channels. Spectrum sensing has the

advantage of being a dynamic mechanism that can adapt automatically to any local condition, being

even capable of dealing with narrowband systems and/or interferences. Also, databases are the

obvious option due to the fixed nature of TV channeling. However, sensing mechanisms can be

shadowed or not precise enough to guarantee the required detection performance. Databases, on the

other hand, might not be accessible and/or cannot be updated fast enough to support on-demand

services like other secondary systems, and wireless microphone, or might be out of date because of

imprecise coverage prediction. Moreover, current system standards and technologies employ

waveform techniques that are not efficient regarding coexistence with other systems, demanding

excessive guard bands to avoid adjacent interference. Consequently, to deal with these issues, the 5G-

RANGE system proposes to support a combined usage of both database and sensing methods (Req-

F.m.7) depending on the availability of a database system. Regarding sensing, the assumption relies on

distributed and collaborative methods to increase detection efficiency (Req-F.m.15), that can be

implemented with support from the MAC layer. The system also proposes an appropriate waveform

for coexisting with other systems (Req-F.m.14), providing simultaneously support to dynamic (Req-

F.m.5) and fragmented (Req-F.m.6) spectrum allocation.

Even though large cells are particularly suitable for cost-effective networks, they are typically

associated with propagation impairments as long multipath components and high Doppler shift,

especially those cells as proposed in the project with more than 50 km radio. In fact, larger cells are

subjected to farther scatters points which contribute to the long delay spread. Also, such large cells

typically permit high-speed transport infrastructure, like roads, highways, and railway, which

contributes to the high Doppler shift. As a result, the 5G-RANGE system must be robust to such

propagation impairments (Req-F.m.8), which can be accomplished by carefully designing MAC and

PHY layers for this purpose (Req-F.m.13). Furthermore, the system must provide long preambles and

frame structures (Req-F.m.9) to deal with high delay spread, and for random access to large cells.

Another important aspect of large cells is the impact on the UE. Except for the case scenario of

wireless backhaul, where a donor cell provides the backhaul to a small cell, reception at far distances

will require powerful CPE-like equipment with probably external antennas (Req-F.m.10).

Table 3. Mandatory functional requirements.

ID1 Description

Req-F.m.1 5G-RANGE system shall support long range cells for remote areas assuming low user

density.

Req-F.m.2 5G-RANGE system shall support mobile broadband access.

Req-F.m.3 5G-RANGE system shall provide aggregation of one licensed carrier for broadcast and

common control information, and at least one non-licensed TVWS carrier for dedicated

user traffic.



Req-F.m.4 Requirement Req-F.m.3 shall be supported for downlink with optional synchronous and

coupled operation for uplink traffic.

Req-F.m.5 Subject to regional regulatory requirements, 5G-RANGE shall support dynamic spectrum

allocation for the TVWS component carrier.

Req-F.m.6 Non-licensed TVWS component carrier shall support non-continuous bandwidth selected

from within a specified spectrum window.

Req-F.m.7

Depending on local TV spectrum regulation, 5G-RANGE system shall support a

combination of database and spectrum sensing methods to acquire information about TV

spectrum availability.

Req-F.m.8 5G-RANGE system shall be robust against severe multipath channel and high Doppler

shift.

Req-F.m.9 5G-RANGE air interface shall provide appropriate frame structures to handle random

multiple access and channel delay profile over large cells.

Req-F.m.10 5G-RANGE system shall support specific UE Category to allow uplink connection via

high-power transmission at long distances.

Req-F.m.11 5G-RANGE system shall assure high spectrum efficiency and expected QoS even with the

uncertainty regarding TVWS availability.

Req-F.m.12

5G-RANGE system should be based on 3GPP features (LTE Release 14 and NR Release

15) for topics that are not the scope of the project, for example, the upper layers (above

MAC) of the radio protocol stack.

Req-F.m.13

5G-RANGE system shall provide a radio configuration, supporting mechanisms for

adaptive coding and modulation, and for run-time configurable waveform with adaptive

time-frequency resource grid.

Req-F.m.14 5G-RANGE system shall support robust waveform with low OOBE without relying on RF

filters.

Req-F.m.15 5G-RANGE system shall support collaborative and distributed sensing to improve

detection mechanism of Req-F.m.7.

Note 1: In the ID Req-x.y.z, “x” classifies the requirement in “F” for functional or “Q” for

quantitative, “y” indicates a mandatory (m) or optional (o) requirement, “z” is the requirement

number.

4.1.2 Quantitative requirements

Quantitative requirements define how the system should perform. Table 4 presents the mandatory

quantitative requirements for relevant system attributes: spectrum, spectrum sensing, traffic model,

base station, UE and overall system. A label (ID) is provided for each key performance indicator in

order to allow requirement traceability throughout the project development. As a result, these

attributes are constrained based on the following rational:

The spectrum shall be selected primarily from bands bellow 1 GHz to favor long range

coverage, which is the case of TVWS. Licensed spectrum is equivalent to one LTE carrier

with a maximum of 20 MHz bandwidth. Considering UL and DL, it can achieve a total

bandwidth of 40 MHz. However, in the 5G-RANGE context, it is expected to use minimum

licensed spectrum for economic reasons, which would be 2.8 MHz (UL+DL). Regarding

TVWS, a maximum aggregation of 100 MHz is expected for the adaptive transmission



bandwidth, which follows the similar strategy used in LTE-Advanced for Intra carrier

aggregation (CA). In this case, one difference is the possibility of fragmented bandwidth.

The requirements for spectrum sensing were defined based on FCC studies for opportunistic

access on TVWS bands.

A traffic model was constrained partially from the 3GPP scenario for extreme long-range

coverage in low density areas. However, 5G-RANGE challenges the system design, especially

for MAC and PHY, to achieve 100 Mbps at a distance of 50 km in the downlink. This KPI

motivates the majority of innovative features proposed in the 5G-RANGE project.

The requirements for the BSs are similar to LTE macro cells. However, the transmission

power is required to be increased compared with typical LTE setup.

Considering the UE, it is assumed the typical LTE mobility up to 120 km/h. However, higher

power CPE-like terminals are also considered for indoor and outdoor fixed communication.

Other system parameters also follow typical 3GPP values for LTE. However, it is worth

noting that such parameters are expected over the uncertainties of TVWS opportunistic access.

Table 4. Mandatory quantitative requirements.

Attribute ID1 Description KPI

Spectrum

Req-Q.m.1 Carrier Frequency < 3 GHz

(priority on bands bellow 1 GHz)

Req-Q.m.2 Control Channel Carrier BW (Licensed

Spectrum) ≤ 40 MHz (UL+DL)

Req-Q.m.3 Maximum TVWS BW (Non-Licensed

Spectrum) ≤ 100 MHz (UL+DL)

Spectrum

Sensing

Req-Q.m.4 Digital TV detection threshold -114 dBm over 6 MHz bandwidth

Req-Q.m.5 Analog TV detection threshold -114 dBm over 100 kHz bandwidth

Req-Q.m.6 Detection threshold for low power auxiliary

and wireless microphone -107 dBm over 200 kHz bandwidth

Traffic

model

Req-Q.m.7 Low-density areas ≤ 2 users/km2

Req-Q.m.8 Peak DL data rate at cell edge (one

user/stationary) ≥ 100 Mbps @ 50 km

Req-Q.m.9 Average data throughput (busy hour/user) 30 kbps

Req-Q.m.10 Uplink /Downlink capacity ratio 25% / 75%

Base

Station

Req-Q.m.11 BS maximum transmit power Not limited for Wide Area mode1

Req-Q.m.12 BS Noise figure 5 dB

1 As established on 3GPP TS 36.104 version 14.3.0 Release 14, the upper limit for the BS output power is not limited when operating in

Wide Area mode. Regulation agencies can restrict this requirement and a power limit will be suggested at the end of the project.



Req-Q.m.13 Layout Single Layer: Isolated Super cells

Req-Q.m.14 Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) for

Out-of-band emissions limit 45 dB

Req-Q.m.15 Number of BS antennas elements Up to 2 Transmit and 2 Receive

UE Req-Q.m.16 High mobility up to 120 km/h

Req-Q.m.17 UE transmit power

23 dBm - Power Class 3

26 dBm - Power Class 2 (HPUE)

26 to 36 dBm - CPE2

System

Req-Q.m.18 High reliability > 99%

Req-Q.m.19 Medium latency 10-100 ms

Req-Q.m.20 Voice E2E max latency (at cell edge) 400 ms

Note 1: In the ID Req-x.y.z, “x” classifies the requirement in “F” for functional or “Q” for

quantitative, “y” indicates a mandatory (m) or optional (o) requirement, “z” is the requirement

number.

4.2 Optional Requirements

Optional requirements refer to system features that can potentially optimize system performance

and/or extend system applications. Table 5 lists the optional functional requirements for the case

scenarios where beneficial results are expected to have an impact on daily operation.

Network slice along with network capability exposure (Req-F.o.1) is one promising 5G feature that

can have important impact on cost optimization and network specialization for vertical markets.

Therefore, the agribusiness sector will certainly benefit with the possibility of customization and third-

party operation. Likewise, any other application scenario that would involve niche market and

specialized operation could also benefit from this feature.

Another feature worth noting is the isolated-cell operation (Req-F.o.2), which can still allow local

services and connectivity in the event scenario of interruption or abnormal operation to the backhaul

connectivity. This feature was originally proposed for mission-critical, public-safety scenarios, but

could also benefit smart farming for similar fault events in backhaul operation. Consequently, this

feature could optimize any mission-critical scenarios which involve local services and automation as

part of their normal operation.

5G-RANGE wireless backhaul is a specialization of self-backhauling heterogeneous network for long-

range coverage, using TV infra-structure. In this case, small cell deployment into 5G-RANGE super

2 UE transmit power shall comply with local regulations regarding maximum permissible exposure to electromagnetic fields values for

occupational and general public. Reference values [FCCRFEF97], [ICNIRP09] are:

FCC: 300-1500MHz: Occupational= f/300; General public=f/1500 | 1.5-100 GHz: Occupational= 50 W/m2; General public=10 W/m2

ICNIRP: 400-2000MHz: Occupational= f/40; General public=f/200 | 2-300 GHz: Occupational= 50 W/m2; General public=10 W/m2

f= frequency in MHz



cell (Req-F.o.3) could leverage coverage in remote areas where outlying settlements can be found, for

example, rural communities, villages, frontier outposts, etc.

Coverage is an important aspect that 5G-RANGE proposes to optimize. Device-to-device

communication is a feature that can potentially extend coverage to an out-of-range terminal via an

outdoor CPE (Req-F.o.4). Thus, data and voice connectivity scenario would certainly benefit from

usage of external CPE for this purpose.

Although 5G-RANGE intends to optimize coverage for distances of 50 km, acceptable performance is

also expected for distances far beyond this threshold, up to 100 km (Req-F.o.5). This can be possible if

the system provides physical mechanisms to operate in such distances, for example, appropriate frame

formats and preambles, ultra-robust operation modes, etc.

In 5G-RANGE, the sensing mechanism is intended to be distributed to increase the probability of

detecting incumbents in the VHF and UHF bands. In this case, every user terminal can report spectrum

sensing measurements to a decision algorithm placed in L2/L3 of the base station (Req-F.o.7). The

centralized nature of cellular communication indeed favors such arrangement. Even though the

sensing method is a vendor specific decision, 5G-RANGE can establish a coordinating element to

optimize the sensing mechanism, decide about the bandwidth configuration for the cell, which would

be broadcast, and further restrict this bandwidth specifically for each UE. The latter one would balance

UE transmission power and distance to favor RF coverage.

Table 5. Optional functional requirements.

ID1 Description Use Case

Req-F.o.1

5G-RANGE system shall allow configurable network slices for hosting

agribusiness and smart farming operators in a complete, autonomous and fully

operational network.

3.1

Req-F.o.2 5G-RANGE system should support random access network based on isolated

long-range cells [22.346]. 3.1

Req-F.o.3 5G-RANGE system should support Small Cell Base Stations for wireless

backhaul architecture. 3.3

Req-F.o.4 5G-RANGE system shall support external CPE (could act as a wireless relay

to end users). 3.2

Req-F.o.5 5G-RANGE specification should not preclude cell ranges up to 100 km. All

Req-F.o.6 Requirement Req-F.m.3 should be supported in the uplink. 3.2

Req-F.o.7

5G-RANGE spectrum sensing should be split between L2/L3 and PHY, where

PHY is responsible for sensing the spectrum at the UE side, and L2/L3 is

responsible to control and merge these UE measurements at the BS side.

All

Req-F.o.8 5G-RANGE system should support MIMO (up to 4x4). All

Note 1: In the ID Req-x.y.z, “x” classifies the requirement in “F” for functional “y” indicates an

optional (o) requirement, “z” is the requirement number.



5 Conclusions

This deliverable provides a description about several identified deployment scenarios that couple with

the 5G-RANGE proposal, which is focused on enabling a cost-effective 5G solution for broadband

Internet access in remote and underserved areas. Foreseen applications with a great potential to

innovation are detailed, resulting on four selected core use cases: (1) agribusiness and smart farming

for remote areas; (2) voice and data connectivity over long distances for remote areas; (3) wireless

backhaul and local high-quality connections and (4) remote health care (e-health) over long distances

for remote areas.

The deliverable presents a set of mandatory and optional requirements that may be quantitative or

functional for the PHY and MAC layers. For the quantitative requirements, the document includes the

specification of metrics for performance evaluation (KPIs) which will be a fundamental reference for

the development of the other phases of the 5G-RANGE project. 3GPP is mostly referenced as a

technical source, however several specific 5G-RANGE technological challenges and targets are

introduced for long range coverage e.g. a peak throughput of 100 Mbps at 50km distance from the

base station as well as the opportunistic usage of TVWS in VHF and UHF bands, among others.

All core use cases described in this deliverable will be technically analyzed through system

simulations. More detailed analysis and a PoC testbed will be conducted specifically for the data

connectivity over long distances use case. It is possible that any of the requirements or KPIs included

in this deliverable will be subject to fine tuning or corrections, which is a normal action in

performance evaluation and its validation. In that case, the updated information and its analysis will be

available along with the overall system performance evaluation results that will be covered in D6.3

Implementation, integration, testing and validation.



References

[22.346] 3GPP TS 22.346, “Isolated E-UTRAN Operation for Public Safety (Release

13)”, 2014.

[22.261] 3GPP TS 22.261 V15.2.0, “Service requirements for the 5G system; Stage 1

(Release 15)”, 2017.

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Documents

ICT-777137 5G-RANGE5g-range.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/5G-Range_D2.1_Application... · This document presents the first part of 5G-RANGE system specification regarding use-case