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IceCube. Christian Spiering, VLVNT Workshop Amsterdam, October 2003. IceCube Collaboration. Institutions: 11 US, 11 European, 1 Japanese and 1 Venezuelan Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware BUGH Wuppertal, Germany Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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IceCube
Christian Spiering, VLVNT WorkshopAmsterdam, October 2003
2
Institutions: 11 US, 11 European, 1 Japanese and 1 Venezuelan
1. Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware 2. BUGH Wuppertal, Germany 3. Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium 4. CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, USA5. DESY-Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany 6. Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, USA7. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA 8. Department of Physics, Southern University and A\&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, USA9. Dept. of Physics, UC Berkeley, USA 10. Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany 11. University of Mons-Hainaut, Mons, Belgium 12. Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA 13. Dept. of Astronomy, Dept. of Physics, SSEC, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA14. Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, USA 15. Division of High Energy Physics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 16. Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 17. Dept. of Physics, University of Alabama, USA18. Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium 19. Chiba University, Japan20. Dept. of Astrophysics, Imperial College, UK21. Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, USA22. Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas, Venezuela 23. NIKHEF, Utrecht, Netherlands
IceCube Collaboration
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 4
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 5
IceCube
1400 m
2400 m
AMANDA
South Pole
IceTop
- 80 Strings- 4800 PMT - Instrumented
volume: 1 km3
- Installation: 2004-2010
~ 80.000 atm. per year
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 6
South Pole
Dark sector
AMANDA
IceCube
Dome
Skiway
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 7
DrillingHot water drillingHot water drilling
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 10
Amanda IceCube
Heat (surface) 2 MW 5 MW
Time to 2400 m 120-140 hours 35-40 hours
Fuel (gal/hole) 10,000 - 12,000 7,000 - 8,000
Set-up Time 5-6 weeks 18-25 days
Drilling: from Amanda to IceCube
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 11
Drilling
Amanda (3-reel) and ICECUBE (1-reel) Drill
800m
1600m
2400m
Present system
#1
100 gpm
#2
71 gpm
#3
60 gpm
T = 2.3
WOTAN
176 gpm
T = 1
F/F0 = (d/d0)8/3(p/p0)
1/2
7/13/00
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 12
Drilling
ICECUBE
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 14
Deployment
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 15
Digital Optical Module - (DOM)
Photomultiplier
33 cm
DOM
Captures waveforms with
- 250 MHz first 500 ns
- 40 MHz over 5000 ns
Time-stamps each pulse
- r.m.s. < 5 nsec
Dynamic range
- 200 PE over 15 ns
- 2000 PE over 5000 ns
Dead time < 1 %
Noise rate < 500 Hz
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 17
DOM Main Board - March 2003
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 18
DOR PCI-CardRead-out of 8 DOMs (2 per twisted pair cable)
10/7/2003
DAQ Network
Architecture
McParland et. al. -- A Preliminary Proposal for the IceCube DAQ System Architecture -- DRAFT7
DOMPair
20 kB/sec
StringProcessor
N x 20 kB/sec
.
All Hits -0.6 MB/sec
80 Strings
String Subsystem:60 DOMs
N pairs
Event LAN100 BaseT
Total traffic: 1.6 MB/secString
CoincidenceMessages
GlobalTrigger Event Triggers /
Lookback Requests forall Strings - 0.8 MB/sec
EventBuilder
Built events ~ 1 MB/sec(all event builders)
SAN(Network
Disk Storage)
"DOMHUB"
Lookback Requests
String CoincidenceMessages - 170 kB/sec
Fulfill Lookback Messages 0.6 MB/sec
FulfillLookbackMessages
Online LAN100 BaseT
Total traffic: 1MB/sec
Proposed IceCube DAQ Network Architecture
String LAN100 BaseT
Total traffic: 0.6 MB/sec
OfflineData
Handling
Tape
Satellite
String -Electronics in the ice Global
Timing
20
String 18
Amanda DOM test string
- timing 3.5 ns r.m.s.- cable length << 1 ns r.m.s.- gain drift << 0.2% per week- down going muons as expected- 15% of events have > 1 hit
DOM board string 18
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Time Synchronization
DOM
Surface
tdown =tup=1/2(Tround-trip- t)
t
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 22
10/7/2003 23
cos
Aef
f /
km2
Effective area vs. zenith angle after rejection of background from downgoing atmospheric muons
Effective area vs. muon energy - after trigger- after rejection of atm - after cuts to get the ultimate sensitivity for point sources (optimized for 2 benchmark spectra)
Effective Area of IceCube
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 24
Angres
Angular resolution as a function of zenith angle
above 1 TeV, resolution ~ 0.6 - 0.8 degrees for most zenith angles
0.8°0.6°
Waveforminformationnot used.Will improveresolution forhigh energies !
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 25
Energy Spectrum Point Source Search
Blue: after downgoing muon rejectionRed: after cut on Nhit to get ultimate sensitivity
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 26
Energy Spectrum Diffuse Search
Blue: after downgoing muon rejectionRed: after cut on Nhit to get ultimate sensitivity
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 27
IceCube sensitivity vs timeDiffuse Fluxes Point Sources
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop
Search for diffuse excess of extra-terrestrial high energy muon neutrinos
bound
WB bound
log E /GeV
DUMAND
FREJUSMACRO
Muons in Amanda-B10 (1997)
Expectation Amanda-II, 3 years
Expectation IceCube, 3 years
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 29
Limit on all neutrino flavors
Cascadescompetitivewith muons w.r.t. limit on diffuse fluxes !!
Role will increasefor IceCube.
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 32
Supernova MonitorAmanda-II
Amanda-B10
IceCube0 5 10 sec
Count rates
B10: 60% of Galaxy
A-II:95% of Galaxy
LMC
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 33
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 34
IceTop Station Schematic
Two Ice Tanks
3.6 m2 x 1 m
Two DOMs: 10” PMT
To DAQ
IceCubeDrill Hole
15 m
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 35
Functions of IceTop• IceCube calibration with the help of
downgoing muons (absolute pointing, angular resolution, detector geometry, ice atten.)
• Anti-Shield (helps to reject downgoing muons from independent air showers)
• Chemical Composition (IceTop measures electron component, IceCube muon component)
1 km
2 km
SPASE air shower arrays
calibration of AMANDA angular resolution and pointing !
resolution Amanda-B10 ~ 3.5°
results in ~ 3° for upward moving muons
(Amanda-II: ~ 2°)
spase-amanda
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 37
Chem. Composition
1 km
2 km
preliminary
AM
AN
DA
(nu
mbe
r o
f m
uons
)
Spase (number of electrons)
Iron
Proton
log(E/PeV)
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 38
Cosmic raysCosmicRays
Amanda/Spase
IceCube/IceTop
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 39
03-04 drill equipment to Pole 04-05 first strings
(proof that 16/season are feasible, prepare 6 full strings) 05-06 12 strings 06-07 16 strings 07-08 16 strings 08-09 16 strings 09-10 remaining strings
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 41
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 42
The Baikal Collaboration
Institute of Nuclear Research, MoscowIrkutsk State University, IrkutskDESY Zeuthen, ZeuthenMoscow State University, MoscowNishni Novgorod State Technical UniversityState Marine Technical University, St.PetersburgKurchatov Institute, MoscowJINR, Dubna
43
One of the first neutrinoevents recorded with the1996 four-string versionof the Baikal Telescope
first 2 neutrinocandidates upgrade
Baikal will stay largest H.E. neutrino telescope on northernhemisphere until Antares/Nestorwill have installed arrays with100-200 OMs and will nicely complement Amanda.
Baikal History
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 44
Lake Baikal: The Detector
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 45
cascades
140 m
36 additional PMTs 4 times better sensitivity !
Baikal Upgrade NT200+
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 46
+-
40m
unexpected electro-corrosion after > 6 years
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 47
+-points of problems
Two out of four cables have broken during installation works in Spring 2003.Detector runs only with 5 strings in 2003. Two new cables in March 2004.
10/7/2003 C.Spiering, VLVNT Workshop 48