IAEA Radiation Protection and Safety Guidance at a glance · 2019-09-20 · Radiation Protection and NORM Residue Management in the Titanium Dioxide and Related Industries International

IAEA TECDOC 1714

TECDOC No. 1714

IAEA TECDOC SERIES

Management of Discharge of Low Level Liquid Radioactive Waste Generated in Medical, Educational, Research and Industrial Facilities

@

International Atomic Energy AgencyVienna

ISBN 978–92–0–143510–1ISSN 1011–4289


ISBN 978–92–0–100215–0ISSN 1011–4289

Determ

ining the Suitability of Materials for D

isposal at Sea under the London Convention 1972 and London Protocol 1996: A Radiological Assessment Procedure

IAEA-TECDOC-1759

Determining the Suitability of Materials for Disposalat Sea under the London Convention 1972 and London Protocol 1996: A Radiological Assessment Procedure

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IAEA-TECDOC-1759

IAEA-TECDOC-1759

IAEA TECDOC SERIES

Technical Reports SeriEs No. 479

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCYVIENNA

ISBN 978–92–0–100714–8ISSN 0074–1914

There is a well developed system of radiological protection of humans which has been implicitly providing protection to the environment for most exposure scenarios. A complementary systematic framework for radiological protection of the environment, specifically considering exposure of wildlife, only began to evolve over the past decade and is now incorporated in the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection and is taken into account in IAEA safety standards. For many years, the IAEA has supported efforts to develop models for radiological assessments for members of the public, and for flora and fauna. The most common approach to estimate radionuclide transfer to wildlife is to use a ‘concentration ratio’ to predict the activity concentration of a radionuclide in the whole organism from the activity concentration in the soil, sediment, water or air. This handbook provides generic transfer parameters in the form of concentration ratio values for use in assessment of ionizing radiation exposure to wildlife as a consequence of the presence of radionuclides in the environment.

H a n d b o o k o f P a r a m e t e r V a l u e s

f o r t h e P r e d i c t i o n o f R a d i o n u c l i d e T r a n s f e r

t o W i l d l i f e

Handbook of Param

eter Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer to Wildlife

technical repor

tS series no. 479

14-02111_PUBDOC479_cover.indd 1-3 2014-08-26 09:08:57

S a f e t y R e p o r t s S e r i e s N o. 6 4

P r o g r a m m e s a n d S y s t e m s f o r S o u r c e a n d E n v i r o n m e n t a l

R a d i a t i o n M o n i t o r i n g

This Sa fe t y Repor t p rov i des the methodo log i ca l and t e c h n i c a l d e t a i l s o f t h e d e s i g n a n d o p e r a t i o n o f m o n i t o r i n g p r o g r a m m e s a n d s y s t e m s f o r d i f f e r e n t r ad ionuc l i des , env i ronmenta l med ia and t ypes o f f ac i l i t y . I t comp lements the IAEA Sa fe t y S tandard , Env i ronmenta l a n d S o u r c e M o n i t o r i n g f o r P u r p o s e s o f R a d i a t i o n P r o t e c t i o n , a n d c o v e r s s o u r c e a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l mon i to r ing f o r the pu rpose o f r ad i a t i on p ro tec t i on i n p l anned and ex i s t i ng exposure s i tua t i ons . I n add i t i on , t h i s r epo r t d i scusses gene ra l i s sues o f emergency mon i to r ing , i t g i ves an ou t l i ne o f dose assessment p rocedures based on mon i to r ing da ta and the r epor t i ng o f i n fo rmat i on to the r egu la to r y body, and i t p rov i des ad v i ce on mon i t o r i ng p rog rammes and s y s t ems f o r va r i ous t ypes o f f ac i l i t y . The ex tens i ve r e f e rence l i s t and b i b l i og raphy p rov i de sources f o r i n te rna t i ona l and na t i ona l t echn ica l s t andards and methodo log i es , as we l l a s sugges t i ons f o r f u r the r r ead ing .


ISBN 978–92–0–112409–8ISSN 1020–6450

Safety Reports Series N

o.64

P

rogramm

es and Systems for Source and Environm

ental Radiation M

onitoring

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IAEA-TECDOC-1660

Exposure of the Public from Large Deposits of Mineral Residues


ISBN 978–92–0–116410–0ISSN 1011–4289

IAEA-TECDOC-1679

Exemption from Regulatory Control ofGoods Containing Small Amounts of

Radioactive Material


ISBN 978–92–0–129910–9ISSN 1011–4289

IAEA

-TECD

OC

-1679 n

Exemption from

Regulatory C

ontrol of Goods C

ontaining Small A

mounts of R

adioactive Material


ISBN 978–92–0–103816–6ISSN 1011–4289

IAEA-TECDOC-1788

Criteria for Radionuclide Activity Concentrations for Food and Drinking Water

@

IAEA-TECDOC-1788

IAEA-TECDOC-1788

IAEA TECDOC SERIES

16-14751_TE-1788_cover.indd 1-3 2016-04-19 10:15:18

IAEA Safety Standardsfor protecting people and the environment

Specific Safety GuideNo. SSG-46

Radiation Protection and Safety in Medical Uses of Ionizing RadiationJointly sponsored by

PAHO WHO

OPS OMS

OPAS OMS

IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSG

-46

1

Safety through international standards

“Governments, regulatory bodies and operators everywhere must ensure that nuclear material and radiation sources are used beneficially, safely and ethically. The IAEA safety standards are designed to facilitate this, and I encourage all Member States to make use of them.”

Yukiya AmanoDirector General


General Safety Requirements Part 3


ISBN 978–92 –0–135310–8ISSN 1020–525X

No. GSR Part 3

Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety StandardsJointly sponsored by EC, FAO, IAEA, ILO, OECD/NEA, PAHO, UNEP, WHO

http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/communication/services/visual_identity/index_en.htm

PAHO WHO

OPS OMS

OPAS OMS

PAHO WHO

OPS OMS

OPAS OMS

IAE

A Safety S

tandards Series N

o. GS

R P

art 3

12-45001_PUB1578_cover.indd 1-3 2014-07-21 14:21:12Untitled-1 1 2014-07-22 14:18:13

19-02234E


R a d i a t i o n P r o t e c t i o n a n d M a n a g e m e n t o f

N O R M R e s i d u e s i n t h e P h o s p h a t e I n d u s t r y

This Sa fe t y Repor t i s a comp i l a t i on o f de ta i l ed i n fo rmat i on on the p rocesses and mate r i a l s used i n the phospha te i ndus t r y and on the r ad io l og i ca l cons ide ra t i ons tha t need to be t aken i n to account b y the r egu la to r y body when de te rm in ing the na tu re and ex ten t o f r ad i a t i on p ro tec t i on measures . I t has been de ve loped as pa r t o f the IAEA’s p rogramme o n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f i t s s a f e t y s t a n d a r d s i n t h e f i e l d s o f r a d i a t i o n , t r a n s p o r t a n d w a s t e sa fe t y . The i n fo rmat i on p rov i ded w i l l a ss i s t i n the imp lementa t i on o f a g raded approach to r egu la t i on . Th i s Sa fe t y Repor t p rov i des i n fo rmat i on on expec ted r ad ionuc l i de concen t ra t i ons , e xposure l e ve l s and t h e m o s t a p p r o p r i a t e r e g u l a t o r y a p p r o a c h f o r t h e p h o s p h a t e i n d u s t r y , i n c l u d i n g m i n i n g a n d bene f i c i a t i on o f phospha te o re , phosphor i c ac id p roduc t i on , phosphog ypsum, and the manu fac tu re and use o f phospha te f e r t i l i z e r s .


ISBN 978–92–0–135810–3ISSN 1020–6450


o.78

R

adiation Protection and M

anagement of N

OR

M R

esidues in the Phosphate Industry

R a d i a t i o n P r o t e c t i o n o f I t i n e r a n t W o r k e r s

S a f e t y R e p o r t s S e r i e sN o. 8 4

This Sa fe t y Repor t add resses the p ro tec t i on and sa fe t y i s sues assoc i a ted w i th the use o f i t i ne ran t worke rs . Such worke rs a re de f i ned i n th i s r epo r t as occupa t i ona l l y e xposed worke rs who ca r r y ou t t asks a t a va r i e t y o f l oca t i ons i n a reas tha t a re supe r v i sed , con t ro l l ed o r bo th , and who a re no t emp loyees o f the management o f the f ac i l i t i e s a t w h i c h t h e y w o r k . T h i s r e p o r t f o c u s e s o n the commun ica t i on and coope ra t i on needed t o es tab l i sh a c l ea r a l l oca t i on o f r espons ib i l i t i e s among the r e l e van t pa r t i es , wh ich i nc ludes the i t i ne ran t worke rs and the i r emp loye rs and the management o f the f ac i l i t y where the work i s ca r r i ed ou t . Manager i a l and p rac t i ca l a r rangements to ensure the p ro tec t i on and sa fe t y o f i t i ne ran t worke rs a re desc r i bed . Top i cs d i scussed i nc lude dose t r ack ing and con t ro l , t r a in ing , and sa fe t y cu l tu re de ve lopment .


ISBN 978–92–0–102215–8ISSN 1020–6450


o.84

R

adiation Protection of Itinerant W

orkers

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R a d i a t i o n P r o t e c t i o n a n d N O R M R e s i d u e

M a n a g e m e n t i n t h e P r o d u c t i o n o f R a r e

E a r t h s f r o m T h o r i u m C o n t a i n i n g M i n e r a l s

This sa fe t y r epo r t i s a comp i l a t i on o f de ta i l ed i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e p r o c e s s e s a n d m a t e r i a l s i n vo l ved i n the p roduc t i on o f r a re ea r ths f rom tho r ium con ta in ing m ine ra l s and on the r ad io -l og i ca l cons ide ra t i ons tha t need to be t aken i n to account b y the r egu la to r y body when de te rm in - i ng the na tu re and ex ten t o f r ad i a t i on p ro tec t i on measures .


ISBN 978–92–0–115710–2ISSN 1020–6450


o.68

Radiation Protection and NORM

Residue Management in the Production of Rare Earths from Thorium Containing M

inerals

11-26421_P1512_cover.indd 1 2011-09-15 11:11:38


R a d i a t i o n P r o t e c t i o n a n d N O R M R e s i d u e

M a n a g e m e n t i n t h e T i t a n i u m D i o x i d e a n d

R e l a t e d I n d u s t r i e s

This Sa fe t y Repor t p rov i des de ta i l ed i n fo rmat i on on the p rocesses and mate r i a l s i n vo l ved i n the t i t an ium d iox i de and re l a ted i ndus t r i es . I t e xp l a ins the r ad io l og i ca l cons ide ra t i ons tha t need to be t aken i n to account b y the r egu la to r y body i n de te rm in ing the na tu re and ex ten t o f the r ad i a t i on p ro tec t i on measures to be t aken . I t has been de ve loped under the IAEA’s p rogramme on the app l i ca t i on o f i t s sa f e t y s tandards . The i n fo rmat i on p rov i ded w i l l a ss i s t i n the imp lementa t i on o f a g raded approach to r egu la t i on . I n t e rms o f the g raded approach , app l i ca t i on o f the r equ i rements o f the sa fe t y s tandards has to be commensura te w i th the cha rac te r i s t i cs o f the p rac t i ce o r source and w i th the magn i tude and l i ke l i hood o f the assoc i a ted exposures . Th i s r epo r t i s conce rned p r imar i l y w i th the t i t an ium d iox i de i ndus t r y bu t i s a l so r e l e van t t o i ndus t r i es i n vo l ved i n the m in ing and bene f i c i a t i on o f m ine ra l sands f o r the ex t rac t i on o f heavy m ine ra l s such as z i r con , monaz i t e and i lmen i t e .


ISBN 978–92–0–132110–7ISSN 1020–6450


o.76

R

adiation Protection and N

OR

M R

esidue Managem

ent in the Titanium D

ioxide and Related Industries


ISBN 978–92–0–107714–1ISSN 1011–4289

The Information System

on Occupational Exposure in M

edicine, Industry and Research (ISEMIR): Industrial Radiography

IAEA-TECDOC-1747

The Information System on Occupational Exposure in Medicine, Industry and Research (ISEMIR): Industrial Radiography

@

IAEA-TECDOC-1747

IAEA-TECDOC-1747

IAEA TECDOC SERIES


ISBN 978–92–0–100514–4ISSN 1011–4289

The Information System

on Occupational Exposure in M

edicine, Industry and Research (ISEMIR): Interventional Cardiology

IAEA-TECDOC-1735

@

IAEA-TECDOC-1735IAEA TECDOC SERIES

IAEA-TECDOC-1735

The Information System on Occupational Exposure in Medicine, Industry and Research (ISEMIR): Interventional Cardiology


ISBN 978–92–0–115213–8ISSN 1011–4289

Implications for Occupational Radiation Protection of the New Dose Limit for theLens of the Eye

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IAEA TECDOC 1731

TECDOC No. 1731

IAEA TECDOC SERIES

IAEA Radiation Protection and Safety Guidance at a glance

GUIDES

IAEA-TECDOC-1621

Dose Reduction in CT whileMaintaining Diagnostic Confidence:

A Feasibility/Demonstration Study


ISBN 978–92–0–108009–7ISSN 1011–4289

.

TE_1621_cover.qxd 2009-09-25 08:54 Page 1

IAEA-TECDOC-1641

Patient Dose Optimization in Fluoroscopically Guided

Interventional ProceduresFinal report of a coordinated research project


ISBN 978–92–0–100510–6ISSN 1011–4289

IAEA

-TECD

OC

-1641 ■PATIEN

T DO

SE OPTIM

IZATION

IN FLU

OR

OSC

OPIC

ALLY

GU

IDED

INTER

VENTIO

NA

LPR

OC

EDU

RES

TE_1641_cover.qxd 2010-02-22 15:33 Page 1

Application of the Risk Matrix M

ethod to RadiotherapyIAEA-TECD

OC-1685

Application of the Risk Matrix Method to Radiotherapy

Principal Text

@

IAEA-TECDOC-1685

IAEA-TECDOC-1685

IAEA TECDOC SERIESIAEA-TECDOC-1667

Avoidance of Unnecessary Dose to Patients While Transitioning

from Analogue to Digital Radiology


ISBN 978–92–0–121010–4ISSN 1011–4289

IAEA

-TECD

OC

-1667 n

AvOID

An

CE O

f Un

nEC

EssAry D

OsE TO

PATIEnTs W

hIlE Tr

An

sITIOn

Ing

frO

m A

nA

lOg

UE TO

DIg

ITAl r

AD

IOlO

gy


This pub l i ca t i on f ocuses on rad i a t i on p ro tec t i on o f the pa t i en t when us ing computed tomography (CT ) f o r : co ronar y a r t e r y ca l c ium scor ing and v isua l i za t ion o f the coronary ar ter ies (ang iography) . I n add i t i on , i t e xp l a ins when i t i s app ropr i a te t o u s e t h e s e t e c h n i q u e s i n s y m p t o m a t i c a n d / o r asymptomat i c sc reen ing popu la t i ons . I n fo rmat i on i s a l so p rov i ded on pa t i en t dose and r i sk l e ve l s . S o m e b a c k g r o u n d i n f o r m a t i o n i s p r o v i d e d o n ca rd i ac CT, and t he concep t s o f j u s t i f i c a t i on and op t im i za t i on , wh ich a re cen t ra l t o the BSS approach to pa t i en t p ro tec t i on , a re ou t l i ned .


ISBN 978–92–0–111208–8ISSN 1020–6450

R a d i a t i o n P r o t e c t i o n i n N e w e r M e d i c a l

I m a g i n g T e c h n i q u e s : C a r d i a c C T

Join t l y sponsored b y the IAEA , WHO, ISR

Atoms for Peace

Atoms for Peace

W ith con t r i bu t i ons f rom the

P1366_covI-IV.indd 1 2009-01-29 09:13:21


R a d i a t i o n P r o t e c t i o n i n N e w e r M e d i c a l

I m a g i n g T e c h n i q u e s : C T C o l o n o g r a p h y

Join t l y sponsored b y the IAEA , WHO, ISR

Atoms for Peace

Atoms for Peace

W ith con t r i bu t i ons f rom the

Th i s pub l i ca t i on f ocuses on r ad i a t i on p ro tec t i on o f the pa t i en t when us ing computed tomography (CT ) f o r co lonography. The gu idance i s d i r ec ted a t when i t i s app ropr i a te t o use these t echn iques , wh ich i s impor tan t g i ven the w idesp read concern abou t h igh pa t i en t doses i n sp i r a l and mu l t i s l i ce CT, and the s t rong impe tus to f i nd an accep tab l e t echn ique f o r sc reen ing asymptomat i c pa t i en ts . Th i s r epo r t a l so p rov i des i n fo rmat i on on pa t i en t dose l e ve l s i n we l l e s tab l i shed cen t res , wh ich w i l l be he lp fu l i n assess ing op t im i za t i on i s sues . Re l e van t background i n fo rmat i on on CT and o the r co lo rec ta l cance r sc reen ing t echn iques ( i nc lud -i ng the i r assoc i a ted r i sks ) i s p rov i ded , as a re the concep ts o f j us t i f i ca t i on and op t im i za t i on .


ISBN 978–92–0–111308–5ISSN 1020–6450

P1367_covI-IV.indd 1 2009-01-29 09:36:01


E s t a b l i s h i n g G u i d a n c e L e v e l s i n X R a y G u i d e d M e d i c a l I n t e r v e n t i o n a l

P r o c e d u r e s : A P i l o t S t u d y

This r epor t con ta ins a desc r i p t i on o f the methods and resu l t s o f a p i l o t s tudy i n wh ich pa t i en t e xposure and image qua l i t y i n the mos t common in te r ven t i ona l ca rd i ac p rocedures us ing X r a ys w e r e s u r v e y e d , a s w e l l a s t h e e v a l u a t i o n o f the r esu l t s , r ecommendat i ons and p roposa l s f o r f u r the r r esea rch . I t seeks to con t r i bu te to the sc i en t i f i c deba te as to whe the r gu idance l e ve l s can be de r i ved f rom and app l i ed to comp lex X r a y p r o c e d u r e s s u c h a s i n t e r v e n t i o n a l p r o c e d u r e s us ing X r a ys .


ISBN 978–92–0–107308–2ISSN 1020–6450


o.59

Establishing G

uidance Levels in X Ray Guided M

edical Interventional Procedures: A Pilot Study

P1346_covI-IV.indd 1 2009-07-01 15:33:57


R a d i a t i o n P r o t e c t i o n i n P a e d i a t r i c R a d i o l o g y

T h e F u n d a m e n t a l S a f e t y P r i n c i p l e s a n d t h e IAEA 's Genera l Sa fe t y Rqu i rements pub l i ca t i on , R a d i a t i o n P r o t e c t i o n a n d S a f e t y o f R a d i a t i o n S o u r c e s : I n t e r n a t i o n a l B a s i c S a f e t y S t a n d a r d s ( B S S ) r e q u i r e t h e r a d i o l o g i c a l p r o t e c t i o n o f p a t i e n t s u n d e r g o i n g m e d i c a l e x p o s u r e s th rough j us t i f i ca t i on o f the p rocedures i n vo l ved a n d t h r o u g h o p t i m i z a t i o n . T h i s p u b l i c a t i o n p rov i des gu idance to r ad io l og i s t s , o the r c l i n i c i ans a n d r a d i o g r a p h e r s / t e c h n o l o g i s t s i n v o l v e d i n d i agnos t i c p rocedu res us i ng i on i z i ng r ad i a t i on w i th ch i l d ren and ado l escen ts . I t i s a l so a imed a t med ica l phys i c i s t s and regu la to rs . The f ocus i s on the measures necessa r y t o p rov i de p ro tec t i on f rom the e f f ec ts o f r ad i a t i on us ing the p r inc ip l es e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e B S S a n d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r i o r i t y g i ven to th i s i s sue .


ISBN 978–92–0–125710–9ISSN 1020–6450


o.71

R

adiation Protection in P

aediatric Radiolog

y


R e l e a s e o f P a t i e n t s A f t e r

R a d i o n u c l i d e T h e r a p yW ith con t r i bu t i ons f rom the


o.63

R

elease of Patients A

fter Radionuclide Therapy

T he pa t te rn o f p rac t i ce th roughout the wor l d w i th r ega rd to the r e l ease o f pa t i en ts f r om hosp i t a l a f t e r the rap i es us ing unsea l ed r ad ionuc l i des i s qu i t e va r i ed and has no t been sub jec t t o ha rmon i za t i on . Th i s r epo r t i s f ocused on the dec i s i on to r e l ease the pa t i en t and i t s consequences . I t w i l l p rov i de gu ide l i nes f o r na t i ona l au thor i t i e s on wh ich to base the i r r egu la t i ons and gu idance , and w i l l he l p t o r eso l ve the d i ve rs i t y o f i n te rna t i ona l p rac t i ces i n th i s a rea . Pa r t i cu l a r a t t en t i on i s pa id t o the ques t i ons mos t f r equent l y asked by pa t i en ts .


ISBN 978–92–0–108909–0ISSN 1020–6450

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Requirements ensuring radiation protection

Guides assisting in implementation

Reports and TECDOCs providing examples and technical guidance

REPORTS AND TECDOCS





General Safety Guide


ISBN 978–92 –0–102414–5ISSN 1020–525X

No. GSG-5

Justification of Practices, Including Non-Medical Human Imaging

14-20551_PUB1650_cover.indd 1-3 2014-10-10 07:48:16


General Safety GuideNo. GSG-8

Radiation Protection of the Public and the EnvironmentJointly sponsored by





Specific Safety Guide


ISBN 978–92 –0–102514–2ISSN 1020–525X

No. SSG-32

Protection of the Public against Exposure Indoors due to Radon and Other Natural Sources of RadiationJointly sponsored by the IAEA, WHO

PAHO WHO

OPS OMS

OPAS OMS

IAE

A Safety S

tandards Series N

o. SS

G-32





Specific Safety Guide


ISBN 978–92 –0–102515–9ISSN 1020–525X

No. SSG-36

Radiation Safety for Consumer ProductsJointly sponsored by IAEA, OECD/NEA

IAE

A Safety S

tandards Series N

o. SS

G-36

15-15991_PUB1691_cover.indd 1-3 2016-01-20 13:34:54



Prospective Radiological Environmental Impact Assessment for Facilities and ActivitiesJointly sponsored by

IAEA Safety Standards Series No. G

SG-10


“The IAEA’s standards have become a key element of the global safety regime for the beneficial uses of nuclear and radiation related technologies.

“IAEA safety standards are being applied in nuclear power generation as well as in medicine, industry, agriculture, research and education to ensure the proper protection of people and the environment.”

Mohamed ElBaradeiIAEA Director General


Safety Guide


ISBN 92–0–113404–5ISSN 1020–525X

No. RS-G-1.8

Environmental andSource Monitoring forPurposes of RadiationProtection

IAE

A Safety S

tandards Series N

o. RS

-G-1.8

13-49311_PUB1216_cover.indd 1-3 2013-12-24 10:20:59



Regulatory Control of Radioactive Discharges to the EnvironmentJointly sponsored by


SG-9



Radiation Protection of the Public and the EnvironmentJointly sponsored by

WORKERS

PATIENTS

PU

BL

ICE

NV

IRO

NM

EN

T

REQUIREMENTS


ISBN 978–92 –0–107210–8ISSN 1020–525X



Safety through international standardsIAEA Safety Standards

Radiation Safety in Industrial Radiography

for protecting people and the environment

No. SSG-11Specific Safety Guide

IAE

A Safety S

tandards Series N

o. SS

G-11

P1466_cover.indd 1 2011-02-22 09:22:22



Occupational Radiation ProtectionJointly sponsored by


SG-7


Specific Safety GuideNo. SSG-46

Radiation Protection and Safety in Medical Uses of Ionizing RadiationJointly sponsored by

PAHO WHO

OPS OMS

OPAS OMS

IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSG

-46

1

Documents

IAEA Radiation Protection and Safety Guidance at a glance · 2019-09-20 · Radiation Protection and NORM Residue Management in the Titanium Dioxide and Related Industries International