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11World Trade OrganizationInternational Trade Statistics 2014
Download the data:www.wto.org/statistics
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World merchandise exports grew by 2 per cent in value terms in 2013 while exports of commercial services increased by 6 per cent.
I. World trade developments
Key developments in 2013: a snapshot
Trade dataList of tables 20
1. Overview 21
2. Trade by region 22
3. Leading traders 26
4. Bilateral trade of leading traders 30
5. Regional trade agreements 38
6. Least-developed countries 42
7. Foreign affiliates statistics 46
12
20
Where to find more online:you can access and download the Excel files for the tables via www.wto.org/statistics
World Trade OrganizationInternational Trade Statistics 2014
12 World Trade OrganizationInternational Trade Statistics 2014
Download the data:www.wto.org/statistics
2%3%
52%
1%
1% 2%2%4%
10%
32%
43%
Merchandise trade by the BRICS (percentage share in world trade and main export partners, 2013)
On the other hand, developed economies sent almost 30 per cent of their total exports to developing economies.
Merchandise exports from developing countries, 2013
Where to find more:Table I.2
Over half of merchandise exports from developing economies are sent to other developing economies
To developing economies
To developed economies
To unspecified destinations
To Commonweath of Independent States
Country of destination
South Africa
Russia
Brazil
Least-developed countries
India
China
Others
Brazil 1.3%
19.0%
10.3%
8.3%
China
United States
Argentina
Russian Federation 2.9%
Netherlands
China
Italy
13.1%
6.8%
5.5%
India 1.7%
United States
China
United Arab Emirates
12.5%
10.1%
4.8%
China 12.1%
United States
Hong Kong, China
Japan
17.4%
16.7%
6.8%
South Africa 0.5%
United States
Japan
China
5.8%
7.2%
12.7%
13World Trade OrganizationInternational Trade Statistics 2014
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52%originated from
developed economies
44%originated from
developing economies
75.5%
1.1%
Share of G-20 Share of LDCs
LDC exports amounted to US$ 215 billion in 2013. Some 44 per cent of this was exported to Asia (23 per cent to China), 24 per cent to Europe (20 per cent to the European Union) and 12 per cent to North America (10 per cent to the United States).
World merchandise exports in 2013
Share in world merchandise exports, 2013
• Developing economies’ sent a little more than half of their total merchandise exports to other developing economies in 2013. In particular, 35 per cent were exported to developing Asia, 6 per cent to South and Central America and the Caribbean, 6 per cent to the Middle East and 4 per cent to Africa.
• Developing economies’ exports to least-developed countries (LDCs) in 2013 grew by 8 per cent, compared with 10 per cent in 2012. In contrast, developed economies’ exports to LDCs grew by 3 per cent in 2013 following stagnation the previous year.
• Developing economies’ exports to the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) totalled US$ 1,382 billion in 2013, representing 17 per cent of their total exports or 8 per cent of global merchandise exports.
Brazil 1.3%
19.0%
10.3%
8.3%
China
United States
Argentina
Russian Federation 2.9%
Netherlands
China
Italy
13.1%
6.8%
5.5%
India 1.7%
United States
China
United Arab Emirates
12.5%
10.1%
4.8%
China 12.1%
United States
Hong Kong, China
Japan
17.4%
16.7%
6.8%
South Africa 0.5%
United States
Japan
China
5.8%
7.2%
12.7%
14 World Trade OrganizationInternational Trade Statistics 2014
Download the data:www.wto.org/statistics
5.0%Merchandise imports
into developing economies grew by 5% in volume terms in 2013
4.0%Merchandise exports
from developing economies grew by 4% in volume terms in 2013
2%World merchandise
imports grew by 2% in volume terms in 2013
Merchandise exports increase by 2.5 per cent in volume terms • World merchandise exports grew by 2.5 per cent and gross domestic product
(GDP) grew by 2.0 percent in 2013.
• Asia achieved the highest growth in merchandise exports (4.5 per cent) followed by North America (3.0 per cent). The highest growth in imports was recorded by the Middle East (6.0 per cent) and Asia (4.5 per cent).
• Africa’s merchandise exports declined by 2.5 per cent in 2013 following growth of 6.5 per cent in 2012. Slower growth was also recorded in the Middle East (2.0 per cent in 2013 compared with 5.0 per cent in 2012) and in North America (3.0 per cent in 2013 following 4.5 per cent in 2012).
Where to find more:Table I.2
Volume of world merchandise exports and gross domestic product, 2005–13
ANNUAL PERCENTAGE CHANGE (%)
2006
2012
2010
2009
2007
2008
2005
2005–13
2013
2011
−15 −10 −5 0
VOLUME OF TOTAL EXPORT GDP
5 10 15
3.52.0
−2.5
4.014.0
5.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.52.0
4.0
2.51.5
3.56.5
6.54.0
8.5
−12.0
15World Trade OrganizationInternational Trade Statistics 2014
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Exports
US$ 2,209 billion
Imports
US$ 1,950 billion
China was the world’s biggest merchandise
trader in 2013
13.6%Yemen, the newest
WTO member, saw its merchandise exports rise by 13.6% in 2013.
China, United States and Germany are top three merchandise traders China became the world’s biggest merchandise trader in 2013, with imports
and exports totalling US$ 4,159 billion. It recorded a trade surplus of US$ 259 billion, 2.8 per cent of its GDP.
The United States is the second-biggest merchandise trader, with imports and exports totalling US$ 3,909 billion in 2013. The US trade deficit was US$ 750 billion (4.5 per cent of its GDP). Germany is in third place, with a trade surplus of US$ 264 billion in 2013, 7.3 per cent of its GDP.
Japan ranks fourth, with merchandise trade totalling US$ 1,548 billion in 2013. It recorded a trade deficit of US$ 118 billion, 2.4 per cent of its GDP.
Where to find more:Tables 1.7, 1.8, A6 and A7
Leading merchandise traders, 2013
United States
France Germany
Netherlands
China
–100
100
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
2100
2300
2500
2700
2900
–3
0
70
17
0
27
0
37
0
47
0
57
0
67
0
77
0
87
0
97
0
10
70
11
70
12
70
13
70
14
70
15
70
16
70
17
70
18
70
19
70
20
70
21
70
22
70
23
70
24
70
IMP
OR
TS (
US
$ B
ILLI
ON
)
EXPORTS (US$ BILLION)
Japan
16 World Trade OrganizationInternational Trade Statistics 2014
Download the data:www.wto.org/statistics
6%Growth in exports
of commercial services in 2013
World exports of commercial services achieve strong recovery World exports of commercial services totalled US$ 4,645 billion in 2013. Growth
of nearly 6 per cent was largely the result of a recovery in European trade.
Europe’s exports of commercial services grew by 7 per cent in 2013. In North America, exports expanded by 5 per cent. Asia’s exports grew by 5 per cent, a slightly lower rate than in 2012. In Central and South America, exports grew by only 2 per cent, hampered by Brazil’s declining exports. In the Middle East, exports rose by 4 per cent, compared with almost 9 per cent the previous year.
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) recorded the highest growth in exports of commercial services in 2013 (9 per cent), repeating the growth achieved in 2012. In contrast, Africa’s exports of commercial services contracted by 3 per cent, partly due to a decline in exports from Egypt, Nigeria and Tunisia.
Where to find more:Table I.3
Exports of commercial services by selected region, 2012–13
-3%Decline in Africa’s
commercial services exports in 2013
Asia
CIS
Middle East
World
Europe
C. and S. Americaand the Caribbean
North America
Africa
2012 2013
ANNUAL PERCENTAGE CHANGE (%)
2 4 6 8 100−4 −2
−3
7
−2
2
6
5
7
7
9
9
9
4
6
2
5
5
17World Trade OrganizationInternational Trade Statistics 2014
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Europe sees recovery in commercial services while Asia slows down Exports of commercial services from leading European traders bounced back in
2013 after declining significantly in 2012. One of the highest growth rates was achieved by the Netherlands (12 per cent) followed by France (10 per cent) and Germany (8 per cent). The United Kingdom saw more modest growth of 2 per cent.
Several Asian economies saw a slowdown in exports of commercial services in 2013. China’s exports grew by 7 per cent, one percentage point less than in 2012. This was due to lower transport receipts. In India, exports were up by 4 per cent compared with 5 per cent the previous year. However, Japan’s exports recovered after stagnating in 2012.
In the United States, the largest exporter of commercial services, exports expanded by 5 per cent in 2013.
Where to find more:Table I.9
Leading exporters of commercial services 2012–13 Growth in exports
of commercial services in 2013
8%Germany
10%France
2%United Kingdom
ANNUAL PERCENTAGE CHANGE (%)
Germany
Netherlands
India
Japan
France
China
United Kingdom
United States
Hong Kong, China
Spain
−10 −5 0 5
2012 2013
10 15
55
−3
2
4
66
7
10
5
6
12
8
8
2
−8
−4
18 World Trade OrganizationInternational Trade Statistics 2014
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LDC exports of commercial services expand rapidly Since 2000, exports of commercial services from least-developed countries (LDCs)
have grown by 14 per cent per year on average, a much higher growth rate than in other economies (9 per cent on average).
The high growth rate in commercial services has been fuelled by LDCs in Asia, with significant growth achieved by Cambodia as the leading LDC tourist destination, by Bangladesh as an emerging exporter of information and communication technology and, in recent years, by Afghanistan due to the increase in construction services for non-residents.
In Africa, the commercial services sector has benefited in particular from Ethiopia’s expansion of air transportation services and from the attraction of Tanzania and Uganda as tourist destinations. An expansion in exports has not been as swift, however, in LDC islands whose services sector is less diversified.
Despite these positive developments, LDCs’ participation in world exports of commercial services remained at only 0.7 per cent in 2013.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Inde
x 2
00
0=
10
0
LDCs Rest of the world
13%Least-developed countries (LDCs)
6%Rest of the world
Where to find more:Table I.23
LDC exports of commercial services, 2000–13
Growth in exports of commercial
services in 2013
19World Trade OrganizationInternational Trade Statistics 2014
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Middle East
Africa
CIS
Asia
North America
Central and South America
Europe
Asia gains increasing share in exports of commercial services The regional share in world exports of commercial services has changed in recent
years. In 2013, Europe’s exports of commercial services accounted for 47.2 per cent of world receipts, down from 51.8 per cent in 2005. European exporters saw their shares of travel exports decrease significantly. North America’s world share of exports was 16.4 per cent in 2013, compared with 17.3 per cent in 2005.
The lower European share in global exports of commercial services is due to rising exports by other regions, such as Asia, which accounted for 26.2 per cent of global services exports in 2013. This was driven by increasing travel receipts recorded by Macao, China and by Thailand as well as higher exports of other commercial services by India and China.
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) increased its global share of exports of commercial services from 1.6 per cent to 2.5 per cent in 2013. The CIS has recorded the fastest average annual growth rate since 2005 (14 per cent on average). This growth was mostly due to Russia’s increase in transport exports, which represents the region’s most important services sector. Central and South America also saw their share in global exports grow.
The Middle East’s contribution to exports of commercial services remained steady at around 2.6-2.7 per cent in 2013 while Africa’s share declined to only 1.9 per cent.
20051.6%
2.2%2.6%
2.8%
17.3%
21.7%
51.8%
2013
2.5%1.9%
2.7%
3.1%
16.4%
26.2%
47.2%
Asia’s share in global exports of
commercial services
Where to find more:Table I.3
Exports of commercial services, 2005 and 2013
21.7%in 2005
26.2%in 2013
