i EFFECT OF VARIOUS ROTOR POLE NUMBER OF FIELD

i

EFFECT OF VARIOUS ROTOR POLE NUMBER OF FIELD EXCITATION FLUX

SWITCHING MOTOR

MOHD FHAIZAL BIN RADZI

A thesis submitted in

fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the

Degree of Master of Electrical Engineering

Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

DEC 2014

iv

ABSTRACT

A new structure of field excitation flux switching motor (FEFSM) is discussed as an

alternative candidate of non Permanent Magnet (PM) machine. Design principles and

initial performances of the proposed motor at various rotor pole numbers with 12 stator

slots are demonstrated. Design of the new structure different from the previous design

which no permanent magnets. Initially, the coil arrangement test are examined to

validate the operating principle of the motor and to certify the zero rotor position.

Furthermore, the profile of flux linkage, induced voltage, cogging torque and power

characteristics are observed based on 2D- finite element analysis (FEA). The result

obtained show that the appropriate combination of stator slot rotor pole configurations

are 12S-10P and 12S-14P which initially provide lowest cogging torque, highest power

and torque with sinusoidal back-emf waveforms. Therefore, by further design

modification and optimization it is expected that the low cost motor will successfully

achieved the target performances.

v

ABSTRAK

Sturktur baru bidang pengujaan fluks pensuisan mesin (FEFSM) telah dibincangkan

sebagai salah satu pilihan kepada mesin bukan magnet kekal. Prinsip-prinsip rekabentuk

dan prestasi awalan berbagai pemutar kutub dengan 12 alur pemegun akan ditunjukkan.

Rekabentuk struktur baru ini berbeza daripada rebabentuk sebelum ini yang mana tiada

magnet tetap. Pada asasnya, ujian susunan gegelung diperiksa untuk mengesahkan

prinsip operasi motor dan mengesahkan kedudukan sifar pemutar. Tambahan lagi, profil

pautan fluks, voltan teraruh, daya kilas penugalan, dan cirri-ciri kuasa telah diperhatikan

menggunakan 2D- finite element analysis (FEA). Keputusan yang diperoleh

menunjukkan kombinasi yang sesuai adalah konfigurasi 12S-10P dan 12S-14P yang

mana menghasilkan daya kilas penugalan terendah, kuasa dan daya tertinggi dengan

bentuk gelombang sinus emf ke belakang.

vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE i

STUDENT’S DECLARATION ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

ABSTRACT iv

CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES x

LIST OF FIGURES xi

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS xii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Research Background 1

1.2 Problem Statement 2

1.3 Project Objective 2

1.4 Scopes of work 3

1.5 Thesis Outline 3

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4

2.1 Introduction of Synchronous Machine 4

vii

2.2 Review on electrical motors used in HEV 4

2.4 Classifications of Flux Switching Machine (FSM) 5

2.5 Field Excitation Flux Switching Machine (FEFSM) 6

2.6 The operating principle of Flux Switching Machine 6

(FEFSM)

2.7 JMAG Software 8

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 10

3.1 JMAG-Designer implementation 10

3.2 Design restriction and specifications for HEV 13

Applications

3.3 Design parameters 17

3.4 Generating Process of AC Motor for Electric 18

Traction in JMAG-Designer Software

3.4.1 Rotor Design 18

3.4.2 Stator Design 20

3.4.3 Field Excitation Coil (FEC) design 21

3.4.4 Field Armature Coil (FAC) design 22

3.5 Project implementation in JMAG-Designer 23

3.5.1 Material setting 23

3.5.2 Condition setting 24

3.5.3 Circuit setting 25

3.5.4 Simulate and results observation 26

viii

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 27

4.1 Introduction 27

4.2 No load analysis – 27

4.2.1 Coil arrangement test 27

4.2.2 No load analysis - 12 coil test 29

4.2.3 No load test - 3 coil test 32

4.2.4 No load test – UVW coil test 35

4.2.5 No load analysis - Zero rotor position 36

4.2.6 No load analysis - Cogging Torque 37

4.2.7 No load analysis - Flux strengthening 38

4.2.8 No load analysis – Contour plot 39

4.2.9 No load analysis – Vector plot 42

4.2.10 No load analysis - Flux line 45

4.3 Load analysis 48

4.3.1 Load analysis – Torque at various Je/Ja 48

4.3.2 Load analysis - Torque versus speed 51

Characteristic

4.3.3 Load analysis – Power versus speed 52

Characteristic

4.4 Comparison result 53

ix

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 54

5.1 Conclusion 54

5.2 Future Recommendation 54

REFERENCES 55

x

LIST OF TABLES

2.1 Advantages and disadvantages of FSM 8

3.1 FEFSM design restriction and specifications for HEV 14

application

3.2 Angle design between rotors 14

3.3 Data of design parameter of 12Slot-10Pole FEFSM 17

3.4 Materials setting 23

4.1 Comparison result 53

xi

LIST OF FIGURES

2.1 General classification of FSMs. 6

2.2 Principle operation of FEFSM (a) θe=0° and (b) θe=180° 7

flux moves from stator to rotor (c) θe=0° and (d) θe=180°

flux moves from rotor to stator

3.1 Work flow of design implementation 11

3.2 Work flow of test implementation 12

3.3 Initial dimension 12S-10P of FEFSM 13

3.4 12S-14P of FEFSM 15

3.5 12S-16P of FEFSM 15

3.6 12S-20P of FEFSM 16

3.7 Design parameter of 12S-10P FEFSM 17

3.8 Design of rotor (a) Sketch the design (b) Create region 18 - 19

(c) Region mirror (e) Full sketch

3.9 Design of stator (a) Sketch the design (b) Create region 20


3.10 Design of FEC (a) Sketch the design (b) Create region 21


3.11 Design of FAC (a) Sketch the design (b) Create region 22


3.12 Step to material setting 23

3.13 The condition setting (a) Condition setting for FEM coil 24

(b) Condition setting for FAC coil

3.14 Circuit implementation (a) Armature coil circuit 25

(b) FEC circuit (c) UVW circuit

xii

3.15 Step to generate graph 26

4.1 12 coil test of flux against rotor positon 29-31

4.2 3 coil test of flux against rotor positon 32-34

4.3 UVW connection for UVW test 35

4.4 Zero rotor position for 12S-10P design 36

4.5 Graph comparison cogging torque for various numbers 37

of rotor design FEFSM

4.6 Graph maximum flux for various numbers of rotor design 38

FEFSM

4.7 Contour plot 39-41

4.8 Vector plot 42-44

4.9 Flux line 45-47

4.10 Torque versus excitation current density, Je at various 47-50

armature current densities, Ja

4.11 Torque versus speed characteristics 51

4.12 Power versus speed characteristics 52

xiii

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

SUV - Spot utility vehicles

HEV - Hybrid Electric Vehicles

ICE - Internal Combustion Area

IPMSM Interior Permanent Magnet

FEFSSM Field Excitation Flux Switching Synchronous Machine

Fac - Field Armature Coil

Fec - Field Excitation Coil

Ja - Armature Current Density

Arms - Armature current

Sa - Armature Slot Area

Na - No of turn of armature

α - Filling factor

Je - FEC Current Density

Ae - FEC current

Se - FEC Slot Area

Ne - No of turn of FEC

UTHM Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Research background

There are four main types of electric machines as potential candidates namely, DC

machines, induction machines (IMs), switch reluctance machines (SRMs), and

permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). DC motors have been familiar

in electric propulsion because their torque-speed characteristics suit the traction

requirements well, and their simple control of the orthogonal disposition of field and

armature emf. As the research advances, the brushes are replaced with slippery

contacts since the DC motor requires high maintenance mostly because of the

mechanical commutator (brush). Nevertheless, DC motor drives have few demerits

for example huge construction, low efficiency and low realibility [1]-[3].

Alternatively, a new design of field-excitation flux switching machine (FEFSM) with

no permanent magnet is proposed to address the common problem of

electromagnetic performances.

2

1.2 Problem statement

The increase in annual usage of rare-earth magnet have increased the price of rare-

earth metals such as Neodymium (Nd), Dysprosium (Dy) and Terbium (Tb). This

material is used as additives to provide the rare-earth magnet with high coercivity.

Therefore the continuous research and development of permanent magnet machines

with less or no rare-earth materials would be very important [13-15]. The impact of

rotor pole number of the proposed motor with 12 stator slots is investigated in order

to determine the optimal performances. The effect of various rotor pole numbers on

the electromagnetic performance such as flux linkage, cogging torque, back

electromagnetic force (back-emf), output torque and power are analyzed based on 2-

D finite element analysis (FEA). A new simple structure of field excitation flux

switching motor (FEFSM) not consist of rare-earth PM and field excitation coil

(FEC) is located on the stator is proposed in order to get much higher torque and

power density [24]-[25].

1.3 Objective

The objectives of this research are as follow:

(i) To design a 12S-10P, 12S-14P, 12S-16P and 12S-20P field-excitation flux

switching motor.

(ii) To analyze the motor under no load and load analysis with similar restriction

and specifications used in IPMSM.

3

1.4 Scopes of work:

The scope of work of these research, are as follow:

(i) To design various 12S-10P, 12S-14P, 12S-16P and 12S-20P of field

excitation flux switching motor based on similar restriction and specifications

used in IPMSM by using geometry editor in JMAG software.

(ii) To simulate the result of each rotor pole number in terms of no-load analysis

and load analysis. The no-load analysis includes 12 coil test, 3 coil tests,

UVW coil test, cogging torque, flux strengthening, contour plot, vector plot

and flux line. The load analysis includes torque at various Je/Ja, torque versus

speed characteristic and power versus speed characteristic.

1.5 Thesis outlines

(i) Chapter 1, has presented a brief introduction of various electrical machines..

It also discusses the problem statements and the objectives of the project to be

carried out.

(ii) Chapter 2, will explains more on the literature review about the topic. The

study about the past similar project and the historical background of the

project is also covered in this chapter. The study includes the software that

used in constructing and developing the project.

(iii) The explanation for the method and process involved in making the project

including the construction of motor cores is being showed in chapter 3. The

description of the method used, and how both being managed, is described in

this chapter.

(iv) The result, analysis and discussion will be explained in chapter 4. This chapter

will calculate result. In brief, this chapter discusses about the effect of various

rotor pole numbers on the electromagnetic performance such as flux linkage,

cogging torque, back electromagnetic force (back-emf).

(v) Chapter 5 is the presentation of final conclusion of the project and

recommendation for future analysis.

4

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction of Synchronous Machines

A synchronous machine is an ac rotating machine whose speed under steady state

condition is proportional to the frequency of the current in its armature. The

magnetic field created by the armature currents rotates at the same speed as that

created by the field current on the stator, which is rotating at the synchronous speed

and steady torque results.

2.2 Review on various electrical machines

At present, IMs drive are the most established technology between various brushless

motor drives. Despite of their ruggedness, reliability, low cost, low maintenance, and

capability to operate in hostile environments [4], the IM drive have drawbacks such

as low efficiency, high loss, low inverter-usage factor and low power factor which

are more concern for the large power motor.

Meanwhile, SRMs have definite benefits such as rugged and simple construction,

low manufacturing cost, outstanding torque-speed characteristics and simple control.

But several drawbacks roll over the advantages such as acoustic noise generation and

torque ripple. The benefits and drawbacks mentioned above are relatively vital for

vehicle applications [7]-[8].

On the other hand, PMSMs are becoming more attractive and capable of competing

with other motors. They are used mainly in electrical propulsion of hybrid electric

vehicles (HEVs) application. Under circumstances, their efficiency may reduce at the

5

high speed range due to increase in iron loss and also there is a risk of PM

demagnetization [26].

IPMSMs are successfully developed electrical machines which, has been employed

mainly to raise the power density of the machines [14]-[15]. In spite of their good

performances and well operated, IPMSMs also have some drawbacks such as

complex shape which lead to design optimization difficulty. Moreover, the constant

flux from PM is problematical to control particularly at light load high speed

operating points. The volume of PM used in IPMSM also increases the price of the

machine.

In the case of inner-rotor flux switching machine (FSMs) that have been studied, the

rotor pole number Nr is normally designed as closed to stator slot number Ns intended

to ensure the performances of the machine is at maximum [27]. Since there is very

little study has been carried out, an appropriate number of pole for the machines must

be determined to find the optimal performances. As studied in [28, 29, and 30], the

analysis have done for Nr ranges starting 14 until 20 and Ns is constant at 12. Other

parameters such as generated magnetic flux, output torque and power also have been

investigated in order to find the optimal performances and suitable to be optimized.

The high power density and torque capability are important parameters besides of

back-emf and cogging torque.

2.4 Classifications of Flux Switching Machine (FSM)

Generally, the FSMs can be categorized into three groups that are permanent magnet

flux switching machine (PM), field excitation flux switching machine (FE), and

hybrid excitation flux switching machine (HE). Both PM and FE has only PM and

field excitation coil (FEC), respectively as their main flux sources, while HE

combines both PM and FEC as their main flux sources. Fig. 2.1 illustrates the general

classification of FSMs. For this thesis we concentrate more than for field excitation

flux switching machine (FEFSM).

6

Figure 2.1 : General classification of FSMs.

2.5 Field Excitation Flux Switching Machine (FEFSM)

Combination principles of the inductor generator and the switch reluctance (SRMs)

a novel topology of FEFSM is a form of salient-rotor reluctance machine [20-22].

The design of FEFSM applications need required high power densities and a good

level of durability which the concept of the FEFSM involves changing the polarity of

the flux linking with the armature winding, with respect to the rotor position. The

novelty of the invention was that the single-phase ac configuration could be realized

in the armature windings by deployment of DC FEC and armature winding, to give

the required flux orientation for rotation. The torque is produced by the variable

mutual inductance of the windings. The single-phase FEFSM is very simple motor to

manufacture, coupled with a power electronic controller and it has the potential to be

extremely low cost in high volume applications. Furthermore, being an electronically

commutated brushless motor, it inherently offers longer life and very flexible and

precise control of torque, speed, and position at no additional cost.

2.6 The operating principle of Flux Switching Machine (FEFSM)

The operating principle of the FEFSM is illustrated in Fig. 2.2. Fig. 2.2(a)

and (b) show the direction of the FEC fluxes into the rotor while Fig. 2.2(c) and (d)

illustrate the direction of FEC fluxes into the stator which produces a complete one

cycle flux. Similar with PMFSM, the flux linkage of FEC switches its polarity by

following the movement of salient pole rotor which creates the term “flux

7

switching”. Each reversal of armature current shown by the transition between Fig.

2.2(a) and (b), causes the stator flux to switch between the alternate stator teeth. The

flux does not rotate but shifts clockwise and counter clockwise with each armature-

current reversal. With rotor inertia and appropriate timing of the armature current

reversal, the reluctance rotor can rotate continuously at a speed controlled by the

armature current frequency. The armature winding requires an alternating current

reversing in polarity in synchronism with the rotor position. For automotive

applications the cost of the power electronic controller must be as low as possible.

This is achieved by placing two armature coils in every slot so that the armature

winding comprises a set of closely coupled (bifilar) coils.

Fig. 2.2: Principle operation of FEFSM (a) θe=0° and (b) θe=180° flux moves from

stator to rotor (c) θe=0° and (d) θe=180° flux moves from rotor to stator

8

The advantages and disadvantages of FSM discussed in this chapter are listed in

Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Advantages and disadvantages of FSM

Advantages Disadvantages

1. Simple design and robust rotor

structure suitable for high speed

applications

2. Easy to manage magnet temperature

rise as all active parts are located in

the stator

3. Flux focusing / low cost ferrite

magnets can also be used

4. Sinusoidal back-emf waveform

which is suitable for brushless AC

operation

1. Reduced copper slot area

in stator

2. Low over-load capability

due to heavy saturation

3. Complicated stator

4. Flux leakage outside stator

5. High magnet volume for

PMFSM

2.6 JMAG Software

In designing the AC motor, JMAG software is used because JMAG is simulation

software for electromechanical design and development. JMAG was originally

release in 1983 as a tool to support design for devices such as motors, actuators,

circuit component, and antennas.

The design of a rotating machine requires that the outcome of deploying

magnetomotive force from coils or permanent magnets is predictable so the figures

for torque and other aspects of machine performance can be produced. Traditionally

a wealth of experience built up by designers incorporating the known properties of

electrical steels and other materials has been incorporated into computer programs

and expert systems to aid design. This process works well but may not be placed to

most advantageously take account of the properties of new materials or to devise

routes towards new machine performance demands. The growing use of permanent

magnets and operational current waveform synthesized from multipulse inverters

poses new design challenges.

9

The physical phenomena associated with electromagnetism can be described

in terms of a set of partial differential equations which describe the structure and

action of a machine. Several properties of the materials make explicit solution of

these equations difficult by usual methods.

Among these are:

(i) The B-H characteristic of magnetic materials is non –liner and exhibits

hysteresis.

(ii) The magnetic permeability of steel varies with direction in three dimensions.

(iii) Discontinuities are normal in machines, such as air gaps, high-reluctance

interfaces and rapid changes in cross-sectional area.

(iv) Demagnetizing factors at discontinuities are significant.

(v) The properties of magnetic materials are frequency (and thus time)

dependent, so that phenomena such as skin effects distort the usual flux

magnifying properties of electrical steel.

10

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 JMAG-Designer implementation

Implementation of JMAG-Software for furnishing AC motor for electric traction is

shown in flow chart as in Figure 3.1 and 3.2. In this software was separated into two

part which geometry editor and JMAG Designer. Geometry editor was the first part

for implementation of design. It was using to created part such as rotor, stator, field

excitation coil and armature coil design.

After all the part was creating, the design was import to JMAG Designer for

set the material, condition and circuit. The next step is run all the design study to get

the result. Last step is all the data was using to draw to the graph using excel.

11

Figure 3.1: Work flow of design implementation

12

Figure 3.2: Work flow of test implementation

13

3.2 Design restriction and specifications of 12S-10P, 12S-14P,

12S-16P and 12S-20P.

The initial of the machine configurations of 12 stator slot of various rotor pole

numbers of field-excitation flux switching motor (FEFSM) are illustrated as in Fig

3.3, 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6. The machine windings are the same for all rotor pole numbers

configurations. The Table 3.1 includes the estimated design restriction and

specifications of the FEFSM for same items with IPMSM for LEXUS RX400h as in

Ref [14].

Fig. 3.3: Initial dimension 12S-10P of FEFSM

14

Table 3.1: FEFSM design restriction and specifications

Items IPMSM

RX400h

FEFSSM

Max. DC-bus voltage inverter (V) 650 650

Max. inverter current (Arms) Conf. 250

Max. current density in armature winding, Ja (Arms/mm²) Conf. 30

Max. current density in excitation winding, Ja (Arms/mm²) NA 30

Stator outer diameter (mm) 264 264

Motor stack length (mm) 70 70

Shaft radius (mm) 30 30

Air gap length (mm) 0.8 08

Permanent magnet weight (kg) 1.1 0.0

Maximum speed (r/min) 12,400 20,000

Maximum torque (Nm) 333 >210

Reduction gear ratio 2.478 4

Max. axle torque via reduction gear (Nm) 825 >840

Max. power (kW) 123 >123

Power density (kW/kg) 3.5 >3.5

So far the process mainly discussed on the overall design of 12S-10P. The only

diffrence for other design is focus only on the number of rotor. For 12S-14P, there is

14 poles need be designed. For 12S-16P, there is 16 poles need to be designed.

Lastly for 12S-20P, 20 poles need to be designed.

The process of designing other rotor are similar to 12S-10P particularly the diameter

of the rotor. The only diffrence is the angle between each rotor which is concluded in

the Table 3.2 below.

Table 3.2: Angle design between rotors

Number of Rotor pole Angle between each rotor pole

14 25.71°

16 22.5°

20 18°

15

Figure 3.4: 12S-14P of FEFSM


16


The electrical restrictions related with the inverter are set to be much severe.

Assuming that only a water cooling system is employed as the cooling system of the

machine, the limit of the current density is set to the maximum of 30Arms/mm2 for

armature winding and 30A/mm2 for excitation coil. The outer diameter 264mm and

the stack length 70mm of main part of the design machine are identical with those of

IPMSM. It can be expected that the rotor structure is mechanically robust to rotate at

high speed because it consists of only stacked soft iron sheets, so that the target

maximum operating speed is elevated up to 20,000r/min. The target maximum torque

210Nm is determined from a realization of comparable maximum axle torque with

the present IPMSM via reduction gear ratio of 4:1. The target maximum power is set

to be more than 123kW and the motor weight to be designed is less than 35kg,

resulting in that the proposed machine promises to achieve the maximum power

density of 3.5kW/kg similar with the estimated of IPMSM in LEXUS RX400h.

17

3.3 Design parameters

Design parameter of 12S-10P FEFSM for the initial design. Figure 3.7 and Table 3.3

shows the initial design parameter of 12Slot-10Pole FEFSM. Parameter D1, D2 and

D3 located at the rotor. The design parameter D4 and D5 are as FEC. and parameter

D6 and D7 for FAC. Design parameter from D4 until D7 located at the stator.

Measurement between rotor and stator defined as air gap. All the data was using

when design the motor using the geometry editor in JMAG Designer.

Fig 3.7: Design parameter of 12S-10P FEFSM

Table 3.3: Data of design parameter of 12S-10P FEFSM

Parameter Details Initial

D1 Rotor radius (mm) 96.2

D2 Rotor pole depth (mm) 32.2

D3 Rotor pole width (mm) 10.5

D4 Field coil height (mm) 7.2

D5 Excitation coil pitch (mm) 20.0

D6 Stator outer core thickness (mm) 25.6

D7 Armature coil height (mm) 6.0

18

3.4 Generating Process of AC Motor for Electric Traction in JMAG-

Designer Software

The procedure used to achieve the objective for developing AC motor for electric

traction in JMAG-Designer is as follow.

3.4.1 Rotor Design

In designing the rotor, only part of it will be designed. This is because the region

mirror copy tool is used to copy the fraction part that has been designed. Then, it can

form one complete diagram of rotor or stator by using region radial pattern. Both

steps in region mirror copy and region radial pattern can be done if the create region

is successful and the drawing need to be merge. To ensure that create region step is

successful, the line should be drawn on each side with the right scale that mean no

intercept point is occurred. Figure 3.8 illustrated the step in drawing the rotor

(a) Sketch the design (b) Create Region

19

(c) Region mirror copy (d) Full sketch

Fig 3.8: Design of rotor (a) Sketch the design (b) Create region (c) Region mirror

(e) Full sketch

20

3.4.2 Stator Design

In designing the stator, the steps are the same as for the design of the rotor. Only

distinguishing is to part of the stator that needed to draw because their diameter is not

the same resulting in different drawing size and shape. Before successful in step

region mirror copy and region radial pattern, it must be ensure that the way to create

region is success. Region radial pattern will complete the drawing of the stator.

Figure 3.9 represent the step in drawing the stator.



Fig 3.9: Design of stator (a) Sketch the design (b) Create region (c) Region mirror

(e) Full sketch

21

3.4.3 Field Excitation Coil (FEC) design

For FEC, it is the same as armature coil. After done create the part, it no need to be

merged. FEC contains 2 parts namely FEC 1 and FEC 2. Only distinguishing is the

direction of current that been discussed in the JMAG- Designer part. After finished

designed FEC 1 and FEC 2, complete design of FEFSM is formed. The design of

FEC 1 and FEC 2 that exhibit the completed design of FEFSM is depicted in Figure

3.10.



Fig 3.10: Design of FEC (a) Sketch the design (b) Create region (c) Region mirror

(e) Full sketch

22

3.4.4 Field Armature Coil (FAC) design

For armature coil, the way is same as to create rotor and stator just by using its own

specification. Only distinguishing is armature coil no need to merge compared to

rotor and stator. When the part of armature coil is created, the next step straightly

goes to region radial pattern. Complete design of armature coil is shown in Figure

3.11.



Fig 3.11: Design of FAC (a) Sketch the design (b) Create region (c) Region mirror

(e) Full sketch

23

3.5 Project implementation in JMAG-Designer

In the JMAG- designer, the processes are about the setting of material use, condition,

circuit, and plot the graph of result.

3.5.1 Material setting

Firstly, the model of the completed design is updated. Before setting the material,

right click on the update model then click new study, magnetic, transient analysis.

Then, the material setting can be set up. Choose the selected material in the toolbox.

In the toolbox, click soft magnetic material, and choose 35H210 for rotor and stator

while for armature coil and FEC, click on conductor, JSOL, and copper is choosing.

The process to do material setting is simplified as in Figure 3.12 and Table 3.4,

respectively.

Figure 3.12: Step to material setting

Table 3.4: Materials setting

Parts Material use

Rotor, Stator 35H210

Armature coil, FEC Copper

24

3.5.2 Conditions setting

Figure 3.13 shows the condition setting for FEFFSM design. For the rotation at the

rotor that can be found from the conditions toolbox. The constant revolution speed is

set to 1200 r/min. The Force Nodal force is set to the rotor to calculate the

electromagnetic force acting on magnetic materials. Rotation axis is in upward.

While for the Torque: Nodal force, it is specifies to calculate the torque acting on

magnetic materials. It set to the rotor part in upward rotation axis. FEM and FAC coil

is specifies in the model.

(a) Condition setting for FEM coil

(b) Condition setting for FAC coil

Figure 3.13: The condition setting (a) Condition setting for FEM coil (b) Condition

setting for FAC coil

55

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electric, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles” ,IEEE Transaction on

Industrial Electronics, vol.55,no.6,pp.2237-2245,Jan.2008.

[3] D.W. Gao, C.Mi, and A.Emadi:”Modelling and simulation of electric and

hybrid vehicles”, Precedings IEEE, vol.95,no.4,pp,729-745, April 2007.

[4] C. C. Chan, “ The state of the art of electric and hybrid vehicles”, Proc. IEEE,

vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 247-275, Feb. 2002.

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motor drive”, Proceedings IEEE,vol.95, no.4, pp.719-728, April 2007.

[6] T.Wang, P.Zheng and S.Cheng: “Design characteristics of the induction

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Documents

i EFFECT OF VARIOUS ROTOR POLE NUMBER OF FIELD