I am Anila Nosheen from COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad. I have done my Masters in English (Linguistics & Literature) from National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad. I did my MPhil from International Islamic University (IIU), Islamabad. I have worked with Higher Education Commission (HEC) for more than two and a half years as a Project Manager of English Language Teaching Reforms (ELTR) Project. There I got exclusive experience of organizing Teacher Training Programs. I have also organized the Continuous Professional Development (CPD) Programs for the capacity building of COMSATS Teaching faculty. Currently I am rendering my services to COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Chak Shahzad Campus, Islamabad as a Lecturer in Humanities Department.

Essay Writing&

Presentation Skills (ENG406)

About the Course

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COURSE DESCRIPTION

• ENG406 is Essay Writing and Presentation

Skills course designed for students to:

– develop knowledge of essay crafting skills

– presentation techniques

relevant to future programs and career fields

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LEARNING OUTCOMES

• After successfully completing ENG406, the student will be able to:• Write variety of essay styles (narrative, descriptive, expository,

persuasive)• Write for a variety of purposes and audiences• Apply the writing process (prewriting, writing, and revising)• Demonstrate basic grammar and sentence skills in writing• Develop his/her personal writing style/voice• Self-edit writing and analyze other writing samples• Critically evaluate a variety of reading passages• Carry out library and on-line research• Organize and deliver an oral presentation

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• An essay is an organized collection of your thoughts on a particular topic.

• An essay consists of three major parts:

1. Introduction2. Main body3. Conclusion

WHAT IS AN ESSAY?

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• Essays can be either:o Long or Shorto Serious or Humorous o Formal or Informalo Can describe your opinions

or be a synopsis of expert opinions.

WHAT IS AN ESSAY?

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Course Contents

32 Lectures= 32 Topicson Essay Writing and Presentation Skills

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1. Language and Communication Skills

• Listening• Speaking• Reading• Writing

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Listenin

g

Reading

Speakin

g

Writing

Receptive Skills

Productive Skills

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2. The Writing Skill

• Writing styles– Formal writing

• Essays, Reports, Proposals, Letters, Memorandums, Thesis etc• Follow a specific format• Specific contents• Written for specific audience

– Informal writing• Articles, Creative writing etc• No format• Use of figurative language• Personal thoughts and feelings

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3. What is Essay?

• Definition & Characteristics• Essay and Paragraph (similar yet different)– An essay is an organized collection of your

thoughts on a particular topic.– Topic Sentence (Beginning)– Supporting Details (Middle)– Closing Sentence (End)

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Writers use essays to: • Describe or define a subject (What is Life?) • Compare related items in a subject

(The Difference Between Apples and Oranges) • Show cause and effect (If You Write It, They Will Read) • Write a narrative (My Summer Vacation) • Explain a process (How to Write an Essay) • Deliver an argument (The Case Against Essay

Questions) • Critique (My Least Favorite Movie)

WHAT IS AN ESSAY? 3. What is Essay? Cont..

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4. The Writing Process

• Pre-writing Stageo Pre-writingo Free-writingo Note keepingo Brain stormingo Mind Mappingo Clusteringo Tree Diagram etc

Writing Stage Re-writing

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5. Types of Essays

• There are many different kinds of essays. The following are a some of the most common ones that we are going to study in this course:

• Descriptive Essay• Definition Essay• Process Essay• Compare/Contrast Essay• Academic Essay• Cause/Effect Essay• Narrative Essay• Argumentative (persuasive) Essay• Critical Essay• Expository Essays

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6. Writing an Essay with the help of outline

• An essay outline is probably the most important friend you will have while writing your essay.

• It is the skeleton of your ideas. • It is the framework by which you will write an

essay. • It is difficult to write one without an outline.

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7. Essay Organization

• Common methods of beginning• Cohesion– means connecting your ideas together in a logical

way, depending on the type of essay you are writing.

• Coherence– means using pronouns, conjunctions etc to tie the

ideas in your essay together.

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8. Descriptive Essay1. Descriptive Essay: – The descriptive essay provides details about how

something looks, feels, tastes, smells and makes one feel, or sounds.

– It can also describe what something is, or how something happened.

– These essays generally use a lot of sensory details.– The essay could be a list-like description that provides

point by point details. Examples: A descriptive essay could describe . . .

* a tree in my backyard; * a visit to the children's ward of a hospital;

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• A definition essay attempts to define a specific term. • It could try to pin down the meaning of a

specific word, or define an abstract concept.

Examples: A definition essay may try and define . . .* the meaning of an abstract concept, like love;* the true meaning and importance of honesty; * how the meaning of family goes deeper than just your blood relatives.

2. DEFINITION ESSAY8. Definition Essay

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10. Process Essay

• It describes how to do something or tell how something happens.

• When readers finish this type of essay, they get to know how to do something that they didn't know before

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The compare/contrast essay discusses the similarities and differences between two things, people, concepts, places, etc.

• A comparison essay usually discusses the similarities between two things

• the contrast essay discusses the differences. Examples: A compare/contrast essay may discuss …* the likenesses and differences between two places, like New York City and Los Angeles; * the similarities and differences between two religions, like Christianity and Islam; * two people, like my brother and myself

3. COMPARE/CONTRAST ESSAY 11. Compare/Contrast Essay

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The cause/effect essay explains why or how some event happened, and what resulted from the event.

• A cause essay usually discusses the reasons why something happened

• An effect essay discusses what happens after a specific event or circumstance.

Examples: A cause/effect essay may explain . . .* why a volcano erupts, and what happens afterwards;

4. CAUSE/EFFECT ESSAY 12. Cause/Effect Essay

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The narrative essay tells a story. It can also be called a "short story."

• Conversational in style• Tells of a personal experience

Examples: A narrative essay could tell of ...* my brother's and my fishing trips; * a boring trip to the grocery store; * my near-death experience at the beach.

5. NARRATIVE ESSAY 13. Narrative Essay

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An argumentative essay is one that attempts to persuade the reader to the writer's point of view. The writer can either be serious or funny, but always tries to convince the reader of the validity of his or her opinion.

Examples: An argumentative essay may persuade a reader that . . .

* he or she should use public transportation instead of driving

* cats are better than dogs

14. Argumentative (persuasive) Essay

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A critical essay analyzes the strengths, weaknesses and methods of someone else's work. A critical essay can be written about another essay, story, book, poem, movie, or work of art.

Examples: A critical essay may analyze . . .* how Shakespeare presents the character, Hamlet, in

his play, Hamlet;* the strengths and weaknesses of the movie, Bol;* the use of color in Monet's painting, Sunflowers.

7. CRITICAL ESSAY 15. Critical Essay

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16. Expository Essays

• Expository essays are essays that explain something with facts, as opposed to opinion. Sample styles include:– Papers that analyze events, ideas, objects, or

written works– Papers that describe a process– Papers that explain/describe a historical event

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17. Academic Essay/Paper

• The academic essay is generally written in response to a question

• You are expected to present a point of view (expressed in a thesis statement) that is informed by research

• Your aim is to develop a supporting argument for the thesis you propose

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18. What is Presentation?

• Introduction• Is Presentation a Communication?• Planning Your Presentation• How to make a Presentation?

“Great speakers aren’t born, they are trained”

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19. Types of Presentations

• Informative- – used to present research.– Paper presentation

• Demonstrative–– show how to do something– Procedural

• Persuasive–– A try to change the way you think about a subject or issue

• Inspirational– – These speeches are designed to make your audience move– Also considered a “motivational” speech

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20. Creating the Presentation

• Performing a needs analysis• Writing the basic outline• Researching, writing and editing• etc

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21. The Presentation Sequence

• Creation• Preparation• Presentation

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22. Verbal communication Skills

• Listening and Hearing: They aren't the same thing

• Asking questions• Communicating with power • etc

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23. Non-verbal communication in Presentation

– Body language– The signals you send to others– It's not WHAT you say, It's HOW you say it

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24. Use of Para-verbal Communication during Presentation

25. Creating Effective Visual Aids

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26. Effective Presentation Techniques

• Do’s and Don’ts– Slides– Ground rules– Font analysis– Color schemes– Text tips– Bullets– Spelling and grammar– etc

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27. Choosing your Delivery Methods

• Basic methods• Advanced methods• Basic criteria to consider• etc

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28. A Word from the boss

• Preparing mentally• Physical relaxation techniques• How to prepare yourself look confident in

front of the crowd• etc

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29. Pumping it up a Notch

• Make them laugh a little• Ask them a question• Encouraging discussion• Dealing with questions• etc

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30. Overcoming Nervousness

31. Sample Presentations (slide shows)- discussion

32. Sample (videos)- discussion