I A A R D

Ministry of Agriculture

Durian

(4.41%)Citrus

(9.88%)

Watermelon

(3.35 %)

Others

(15.53%)

• Banana is the biggest Indonesian fruit production (31%)• 90% for local consumption, 10% for export• Mostly planted as small scale by farmers for local markets• Only one commercial banana company in Lampung (NTF)

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Ministry of Agriculture

(4.41%) (9.88%)

Mango

(12.47%)

Pineapple

(9.42%)

Papaya

(4.31%)Banana

(31.10%)

Rambutan

(3.78%)

Snakefruit

(5.74%)

(3.35 %) (15.53%)

• Foc & BBD destroyed 28% (US$ 105.7 milion) of banana production

• Banana diseases survey 2006-2008: 7 VCGs of Foc• TR4 (VCG 01213/16) found in all of main islands

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Ministry of Agriculture

01213/16

• Banana cultivars destroyed by wilt diseases:� Foc TR4: Ambon Hijau (cavendish) and Barangan, and all

race 1 & 3 resistant cultivars � Banana blood disease (BBD): Kepok (Saba), Raja, Awak

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Ministry of Agriculture

Foc destroyed Barangan in Aceh BBD destroyed Kepok in South Kalimantan

• Cultural Practices:

� Soil solarization (10 months); increase soil temperature up to 52.35 ºC suppressed Foc until 6 months after treatment (Hermanto et al. 2012)

� Multiple cropping of Ambon Hijau and shallot reduce the colony of Foc up tu 62.5% (Alboneh 2013)

� NTF applied double row system, tissue cultured

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Ministry of Agriculture

� NTF applied double row system, tissue cultured materials, enrich the soil with organic and anorganic ferilizer and resistant cultivars (GCTCVs) suppressed Foc symptom become only 5%�Currently 2000 ha will be expanded to 5000 ha�Clones CJ30, CJ40, DM2 (GCTCV variants)

• Biological Control:

� Gliocladium & Trichoderma reduce Foc population and disease severity in Ambon Hijau with the addition of organic matter

� In green house condition Pseudomonas solanacearum & Bacillus subtilis reduce disease severity up to 23% on Barangan (suceptible cultivar)

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Ministry of Agriculture

Barangan (suceptible cultivar)� The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Bioriza

02G) delayed & alleviated Foc infection on Ambon Hijau� Euginia aromatica oil suppressed the growth of Foc

myselia strongly.

The application of essential oil on mixed croppingThe application of essential oil on mixed cropping

of banana & mangosteen of banana & mangosteen

• Cultivar Improvement:

� Mutation breeding:� Gamma irradiation (25 Gy) on pisang Ampyang (AAA)

produced Foc tolerant variants (Indrayanti et al. 2011)� Chemical mutation using EMS on tissue cultured

plantlets produced Foc tolerant of Ambon Kuning (Sukmadjaya et al. 2013) � still continuing for the

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Ministry of Agriculture

(Sukmadjaya et al. 2013) � still continuing for the ratoons

� Conventional breeding:� ITFRI has started in 1999 using Calcutta-4 (AA), Kole

(AA), Jaran (AA) and Klutuk (BB) (Edison et al., 2001) and obtained 2 resitant progenies INA 02 & INA 03

INA 02 INA 03

• Several evidences:

� Foc VCG 01218 (race 1) was found attacking Ambon Hijau (Cavendish subgroup) (Nasir & Jumjunidang 2003) in West Sumatra

� Foc VCG 01220 confirmed by Fourie et al. (2009) as the member of race 1, attacking Cavendish bananas at Carnarvon, Western Australia

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Ministry of Agriculture

Carnarvon, Western Australia� Foc VCG 0124 attacked Grand Naine on the field

(Thangavelu et al. 2010)� Foc VCG complex 0124 isolates were highly virulence on

Ambon Kuning (AAA, Gros Michel subgroup) and Ambon Hijau (AAA, Cavendish subgroup).

The response of banana cultivars toward various Foc VCGs (Jumjunidang et al. 2010)

Banana cultivars

VCG

Race 1 Race 4

0123 0124/5 0126 01218 0120 0121 01219 01213/16 (TR4)

Rejang (AA) HR HS HR HR MR - R R

Berlin (AA) R MR R HR R S R S

Ketan 01 (AA) R S R R R - MR S

Amb. Kuning (AAA) HS HS HS HS HS - HS HS

Amb. Hijau (AAA) MR HS MR MR MR HS MR HS

Randah (AAA) MR HS S MR MR HS MR HS

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Ministry of Agriculture

Randah (AAA) MR HS S MR MR HS MR HS

Amb. Putih (AAA) MR S - - R S R HS

Barangan (AAA) MR HS S R MR - MR HS

Roti (AAAA) HR HS HR HR R HS R HS

Kilita (AAB) HS HS HS S HS HS HS HS

Kepok (ABB) HS HS S HS HS - HS HS

Raja Kinalun (ABB) MR HS HR HR HR - HR MR

Recovered REJANG (AA) that inoculated by 01213/16

New healthy corm

Foc-recovered plantlets

Transversal section

of pseudostem

longitudinal section

of corm

Initial infected corm

New healthy corm

• Continuously introduce resistance cultivars FHIA 17, FHIA 25 & SH 3640 (result of IMTP II) for banana chips industry

• Implement the use of essential oil in large scale• TR4 symptom on Raja Sere (silk subgroup) in Flores island.

Its needed more paying attention from institutions and local governmentThe introduction of Kepok Tanjung (budless Kepok) and Raja

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Ministry of Agriculture

• The introduction of Kepok Tanjung (budless Kepok) and Raja Kinalun to the farmers through Agricultural Techno Park (Minisry of Agriculture programme) � 3 of 5 provinces

• Increase the international collaborations

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Ministry of Agriculture

Foc TR4 in Flores Island

I A A R D

Ministry of Agriculture

Kepok Tanjung Raja Kinalun