Hydrogen InfrastructureHydrogen Infrastructure/media/Files/PDF/industries/hydrogen-hydrogen...Hydrogen InfrastructureHydrogen Infrastructure Nick Mittica Air Products and ChemicalsAir

Hydrogen InfrastructureHydrogen Infrastructure

Nick MitticaAir Products and ChemicalsAir Products and ChemicalsJanuary 8, 2009

© Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2008

Agenda

Who is Air Products? Who is Air Products? Hydrogen Infrastructure Today The Future of Hydrogen Infrastructure Key MessagesKey Messages

2 © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2009

Air Products Air Products Sales into Diverse MarketsSales into Diverse Markets $10.4 billion company $10.4 billion company Diverse markets and geographies

P i i d f i d l l i Positioned for continued long-term value creationFY’08 Geographic SalesFY’08 Business Segment Sales

United States

Asia(18%) ROW (2%)Tonnage

(35%)Merchant

(40%)

States(41%)

Europe(34%) Canada/Latin

A i (5%)

Electronics & Performance

Materials(21%)

Equipment & Energy

(4%)


America (5%)(21%)

December 2008

Leadership in Hydrogen Fuel Infrastructure

Active since 1993 Active since 1993 – >90 hydrogen fueling projects – Stations installed in

15 t i15 countries– Have exceeded 78,000

Safe Fills Major role in hydrogen fuel

safety codes and standards Broad technology base and

intellectual property position H l i th f f t Helping pave the way for a future

hydrogen economy


Tonnage GasesMarket Leader in Refinery HydrogenMarket Leader in Refinery Hydrogen

H2 Plant Operating YearsGlobal #1 HyCO Position

APD . . .

On-stream 2007

Widening Gap

APD(1940 MMscfd)

Comp X Comp Y

APD Comp. X Comp. Y Others

1995 2000 2005 Comp Z


4,600 Million SCFD

Hydrogen Facts

AP total capacity could support 7-8 million vehicles if used l f hi l f lionly for vehicle fueling.

– Excess capacity in CA and TX could support 100,000+ vehicles

AP’s daily production equals:– 4.6 million kg/day

1 316 li id H2 t il /d– 1,316 liquid H2 trailers/day– 11,335 gaseous H2 tube trailers/day

AP continues to build plants: AP continues to build plants:– 2006, 6 plants, 450 MM scfd– 2008, 1 plant, 100 MM scf

• 236,000 kg/day, 68 LHY trailers, 584 tube trailers Hydrogen is also used in glass, steel, foods,

pharmaceuticals and electronics We touch it everyday !


pharmaceuticals and electronics. We touch it everyday !

Hydrogen Production Methods

Reforming – several types different feed stocks Reforming several types, different feed stocks– Central production or onsite generation

Offgas/Waste stream clean up Offgas/Waste stream clean-up Electrolysis Air Products operates all technologies Objective: Supply Customer with lowest cost Objective: Supply Customer with lowest cost

molecule


Steam Methane ReformerCH4 + 2 H2O + Heat 4 H2 + CO2


Industrial Gas Hydrogen Supply Integration

HYDROCARBON FEED

(CH4, C2, C3, C4, Naphtha,

Offgas Fuel)

SMRPOX

CUSTOMER(S)STEAM / POWEROffgas Fuel)

REFORMING

PSA GASEOUS PIPELINEPSAMEMBRANE

PURIFICATION

GASEOUS PIPELINE

TUBE TRAILER

MERCHANT CRYOGENIC

LIQUEFACTION

TUBE TRAILER

abc

MARKET

LIQUID STORAGE

CYLINDERS

CRYOGENIC TANKER

abc


CRYOGENIC TANKER

40

SarniaCanadaHydrogen Pipelines Exist!

Plaquemine

Geismar

Geismar

LouisianaBaton Rouge

16

Edmonton,Canada

40Suncor

Shell Refinery

40

Air Products Canada

Lake Pontchartrain

Convent

Cosmar

Taft

10

NolaNew Orleans

16

2121SherwoodPark

Petro-CanadaImperial Oil

16

Corunna

ST.CLAIR RIVER

Chalmette14 630630

14

Europoort

Rotterdam

DominguezChannel

91

190th

St.710

405

SouthernCalifornia Zwijndrecht

To Moerdijk

Pernis

Botlek

SF BayRefineries

TarragonaRefinery

BPCarson

ShellWilmingtonConoco Phillips

Carson

VAN NESSAVE.

SepulvedaBlvd

LongBeachArpt.

Carson H2

405

110

1

APD HyCO facilitiesH2 pipeline

Mont BelvieuBattlegroundCity of Houston

Lake CharlesBeaumont

73

6910

To Moerdijk

Texas

Conoco PhillipsWilmington

Anaheim Street

Wilmington H2110

CO pipelineSyngas pipeline

Port Arthur

BayportPasadena

Clear Lake

Baytown 2

LaPorte

10

45

610

225

ValeroWilmington


Clear LakeTexas City

Delivered HydrogenLiquid Tank Trailer

Gas Pipeline

Gas Cylinders

Gas Tube Trailer


Gas Tube Trailer

Waste Gas Clean-up Offgas of chemical plants

have H2have H2– Chlor-alkali, ethylene,

acetaldehyde, acetyleney , y Offgas streams often vented

or burned for fuel value Pressure Swing Adsorption

used to produce H2PSA at Chlor-alkali plant

(83,000 kg/day)p 2 ( , g y)


Simple System - Many Design Variablesp y y gH2 Product

FuelFuel

Feed

DESIGN:PROCESS: Feed Pressure, Temp, Composition,

Variability Product Purity Specs

DESIGN: Cycle Chart Number of Beds, Vessel Size Adsorbent Type & Split Product Purity Specs

Off gas Pressure, Mixing Requirements H2 Recovery Capacity, Turndown

Number of Equalizations Purge Quantity Blowdown / Purge Split F d & P G t


Reliability Feed & Purge G-rates Flow Distribution

Hydrocarbon Reforming – Onsite G tiGeneration

W tWater

180,000 kg/dayAir

Desulphurizer Water Furnace/ TreatmentReactor

PSA

100 kg/daySyngas

Shift

HydrogenNatural

Gas Feed Compressor


Onsite Reforming Fossil Fuel Feed Stock Various Technologies, SMR, ATR, POX Various Technologies, SMR, ATR, POX 100 to 1000 kg /day Need to match supply with demand

– Want high utilization to maximize efficiency– Excess supply results in venting or extra storage ($$$)

Onsite Generation impacts downstream fueling station Onsite Generation impacts downstream fueling station– Gaseous compression vs. liquid pumps (liquid more

efficient)– Extra high pressure storage to minimize ventingg p g g– Footprint of storage may be an issue

Back-up system may be required for reliabilityi i d d l d T h l li bili d Limited deployments to date. Technology, reliability and

economics still being evaluated


Fuel Station Evolution – Onsite Generation

From This

To This


Electrolysis Limited deployment in North America P d i t t 300 3/h i Chi Predominant to 300 nm3/hr in China Common in Latin and South America where bulk

product is unavailableproduct is unavailable Common in the Middle East Strong Position throughout Asia Strong Position throughout Asia 100 cc/min to 3000 nm3/hr systems

– Larger systems are used to make ammonia andLarger systems are used to make ammonia and fertilizers

– Hydropower typically used for large systemsM t t 10 3/h 30 3/h– Most systems are 10 nm3/hr-30 nm3/hr

– Most electrolysis volume contributed by 5-10 huge systems


g y Pathway to Renewables

H2 Sourcing for Fueling StationsFeedstocks Fueling Station Vehicles

StorageH2

Compression

NGStorage

PSARef.

H2 G t

Electrolysis

H2 Generator


y

Selection Criteria

Capital Cost Capital Cost Operating Cost Cost of Hydrogen Hydrogen RequirementHydrogen Requirement

– Demand– Load Variation– Purity– Use Pattern

Renewable


Hydrogen Fuel Infrastructurefor the Future

Turnkey Systems for safety Turnkey Systems for safety Existing generation methods

– Methane conversionMethane conversion technologies

– Gas clean-up technologiesGasification– Gasification

– Electrolysis– Renewables

Need continued efforts in generation

Nuclear– Nuclear– Coal

Supply of the most cost effective


Supply of the most cost effective molecule to the marketplace may be regional

Key Messages Hydrogen is here today. Thousands of

customers purchase hydrogen via pipelinescustomers purchase hydrogen via pipelines, trucks, cylinders and onsite generation.

Air Products objective is to supply its Air Products objective is to supply its customers with the lowest cost hydrogen molecule, regardless of the production and , g pdelivery method.

A variety of factors are evaluated when ydetermining the lowest cost supply of hydrogen to a customer

Hydrogen will likely come from a variety of feedstocks in the future, including cost competitive renewable methods of production


competitive, renewable methods of production.

tell me moretell me morewww airproducts com/h2energywww.airproducts.com/h2energy

Documents

Hydrogen InfrastructureHydrogen Infrastructure/media/Files/PDF/industries/hydrogen-hydrogen...Hydrogen InfrastructureHydrogen Infrastructure Nick Mittica Air Products and ChemicalsAir