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Copyright 2012
HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
CEE 243
Week 2
HVAC systems at Y2E2
Copyright 2012
HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
Today’s lecture will focus on HVAC systems and the
type of systems contained in Y2E2
Basic info about Y2E2
2
Introduce Product Hierarchies
to begin data analysis
Introduce the data collection system
and how to access that data
Contains a diverse range of HVAC
Systems and zone equipment
Copyright 2012
HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243 3
This class focuses on the analytical process to
understand actual building performance
Copyright 2012
HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
Y2E2 design intent: maintain thermal comfort in
spaces by using the minimal amount of energy
4
Copyright 2012
HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
HVAC systems must account for a variety of inter-
related factors and ensure building function
• Building geometry
• Constructions and Materials
• Internal loads – People
– Lights
– Equipment
– Solar gains
• Air infiltration
• HVAC system – System type
– Equipment parameters
– Operating schedules
– Controls
• Weather
5
Room
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
Y2E2 is a new, large multi-purpose building
4 stories with approx 160,000 sf
6
A diverse range of space types ensures
a worthy challenge for analysis
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
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Low energy features to mitigate peak load & reduce
overall energy consumption
Atria provide daylighting, support natural ventilation
7
Manually and automatically operable
windows support natural ventilation
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Exposed concrete floors increase building
thermal mass
8
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Active beams provide efficient conditioned fresh
air to spaces: mostly passive
9
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Small PV units on roof contribute 1-2% of total
building electricity
10
PV Arrays
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CEE 243
District heating and cooling supplies most of the hot and
chilled water required on campus
11
http://news.stanford.edu/news/2009/october19/stanford-carbon-footprint-101909.html
Cardinal cogeneration plant
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
HVAC Systems
Copyright 2012
HVAC Systems at Y2E2
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supplies chilled water directly, steam to tempered
water heat exchanger for heating
13
AHU Coils Active beams
(cooling)
Fan coil:
coils
CAV/VAV
box: coils
Secondary loop
AHU Coils
Active beams
Radiant slab
VAVs
(heating)
Baseboard
radiators
Heat
Exchanger
CAV
box: coils
Secondary loop
Cold water loop
Hot water loop
Stanford
CoGen Plant
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
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Main chilled water loop serves cooling coils and
server rack and tempered water loop
14
Serves:
• Tempered water loop
• Cooling coils
(AHU, FC, CVs, VAVs)
• Server Rack
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
Main chilled water loop
15
Serves:
• Tempered water loop
• Cooling coils
(AHU, FC, CVs, VAVs)
• Server Rack
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
The tempered chilled water loop serves active
beams
16
Serves:
• Active beams
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
Tempered chilled water
loop
17
Serves:
• Active beams
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
The main hot water loop serves heating coils,
radiators and tempered water loop
18
Serves:
• Tempered water loop
• Heating coils
(AHU, CVs)
• Radiators
Copyright 2012
HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
Main hot water loop
19
Serves:
• Tempered water loop
• Heating coils
(AHU, CVs)
• Radiators
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
Tempered hot water loop serves active beams
radiant slab, heating coils (VAVs)
20
Serves:
• Active beams
• Radiant slab
• Heating coils (VAVs)
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
Tempered hot water loop
21
Serves:
• Active beams
• Radiant slab
• Heating coils (VAVs)
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
Zoning Example: 2nd Floor
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Integrated HVAC air systems serve offices and exhaust
through an atrium
23
CAV or VAV
box
Active beam
(cooling/
heating)
Diffuser
Zone 1
Active beam
(cooling/
heating)
Active beam
and/or
diffuser
Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone …
CAV or VAV
box
AHU
Atrium
Outside Air
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
North facing space contain radiators to balance
out fabric losses
24
Fabric heat loss through materials w/ temperature
difference, e.g., walls, windows, floor, roof.
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
A typical air handling unit contains fans, coils and HR
25 HR = heat recovery subsystem
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CEE 243
Air handling unit
26
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Fan coil units condition mechanical, electrical and
data rooms
27
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CEE 243
Active beams provide supplementary heating or
cooling
28
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
Two representative offices on the north side contain
measurement points for radiant heating and ceiling
29
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Two representative offices on the south/west side
contain measurement points for active beams
30
Active beams for heating and cooling
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
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The overall mechanical ventilation strategy uses
atria for to exhaust air
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
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Naturally ventilated perimeter zones exhaust to the
atria, air flow rates are controlled by dampers
Copyright 2012
HVAC Systems at Y2E2
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Tobias
data logger
The control system enables building and campus wide access
to data
33
Saved at one minute interval
into MySQL database
LONWORKS based
control system
iLON servers as interface
between LON and Ethernet
Data access via MySQL client
IP: 171.67.81.12
Username: CEE243
Password: Iwantmoredata
More info in tutorial
Copyright 2012
HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
Product Hierarchies (original) enable a view of
buildings for the purpose of performance analysis
Site
Portfolio
Building
Building Story
Tennant
Zone/Micro Zone
Zone/Micro Zone
HVAC Systems
System Components
34
Legend:
Physical asset
System or component
Has Part
HVAC Systems
Copyright 2012
HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
Product Hierarchies (Maile 2010) link geometric
and HVAC representations of building objects
35
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Product Hierarchies have multiple uses including
displaying efficacy of measurement points
36
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
Product Hierarchies: Y2E2
37
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HVAC Systems at Y2E2
CEE 243
Concluding
38
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