HEATING VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

MARKET STUDY ON AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEMS

SUBMITTED BY: D.PRASHANTH

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES CASE STUDY INFERENCE HVAC BYLAWS

AIR CONDITIONING

Air conditioning is the process of altering the properties of air to create more comfortable conditions, typically with the aim of distributing the conditioned air to an occupied space to improve thermal comfort and indoor air quality .

Air conditioning can refer to any form of technology that modifies the condition of air (heating, cooling, de-humidification, cleaning, ventilation, or air movement).

HUMAN COMFORT

The four atmospheric conditions which affect human comforts are Temperature Humidity Air purity Air Movements

An air conditioner controls the above factors for us to achieve human comfort.

90% of the people are comfortable when the air temperature is between 18-22°C and the %sat is between 40-65%.

AIR HANDLING UNIT

An Air Handling Unit or AHU is a central air conditioner station that handles the air that, usually, will be supplied into the buildings by the ventilation ductwork.

It is a large metal box containing a blower, heating or cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, humidity & temperature control loops. 

CHILLER

Chiller removes heat from a liquid via vapour-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle.

This cooled liquid flows through pipes in a building and passes through coils in air handlers, fan-coil units, or other systems, cooling and usually dehumidifying the air in the building.

Chillers are of two kinds:1. Air Cooled2. Water Cooled

COOLING TOWER

The Cooling tower cools the warm water by contacting with unsaturated air. The evaporation of water mainly provides cooling.

Water-cooled chillers are normally more energy efficient than air-cooled chillers.

TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

The choice of which air conditioner system to use depends upon a number of factors including how large the area is to be cooled, the total heat generated inside the enclosed area, etc. An HVAC designer would consider all the related parameters and suggest the system most suitable for your space.

Window Air ConditionerSplit Air ConditionerPackaged Air ConditionerCentral Air Conditioning System

Window Air Conditioner

Window air conditioner is the most commonly used air conditioner for single rooms. In this air conditioner all the components, namely the compressor, condenser, expansion valve or coil, evaporator and cooling coil are enclosed in a single box.

This unit is fitted in a slot made in the wall of the room, or more commonly a window sill.

Split Air Conditioner

The split air conditioner comprises of two parts: the outdoor unit and the indoor unit.

The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses components like the compressor, condenser and expansion valve.

The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling coil and the cooling fan. For this unit you don’t have to make any slot in the wall of the room.

A split air conditioner can be used to cool one or two rooms.

Packaged Air Conditioner This kind of air conditioner is used to cool more than two rooms or a larger

space at your home or office. There are two possible arrangements with the package unit. In the first one, all the components, namely the compressor, condenser expansion valve and evaporator are housed in a single box.

The cooled air is thrown by the high capacity blower, and it flows through the ducts laid through various rooms. In the second arrangement, the compressor and condenser are housed in one casing. The compressed gas passes through individual units, comprised of the expansion valve and cooling coil, located in various rooms.

Central Air Conditioning System

Central air conditioning is used for cooling big buildings, houses, offices, entire hotels, gyms, movie theatres, factories etc. If the whole building is to be air conditioned, HVAC engineers find that putting individual units in each of the rooms is very expensive making this a better option.

A central air conditioning system is comprised of a huge compressor that has the capacity to produce hundreds of tons of air conditioning. Cooling big halls, malls, huge spaces, galleries etc. is usually only feasible with central conditioning units.

CASESTUDY

BARZAN ARCADE

CASE STUDY

KENZ FURNISHING

LOCATION: THONDAYAD BYPASS, OPP HILITE MALL

NO. OF FLOORS: 5

FUNCTION: FURNITURE AND INTERIOR DECOR

TYPE OF AIR CONDITIONING USED – SPLIT AC SYSTEM

LOCATION

CASE STUDY

A series of outdoor units are provided on the exterior side of the building

10 outdoor units are provided on this facade

CASE STUDY

There is an opening provided for the maintainance and service

CASE STUDY

Interior units are provide throughout the store

CASE STUDY

GENERATOR INTERIOR

CASE STUDY

TYPE OF AIR CONDITIONERS USED: LG L-VOGUE

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:

Tonnage Range 2.0TR

Cooling(watts) 6350

Compressor Rotary - R22

Power Supply(Volt/Phase/Hz.) 230 / Single / 50

Power Input (Watts) 2000

Running Current(Amps) 9.2

CASE STUDYPERFORMANCE

Star Rating3

Noise Level (Indoor)(dB) 40

DIMENSIONS

Indoor (mm)(WxHxD) 1090 x 300 x 218Outdoor (mm)(WxHxD) 870 x 655 x 322

WEIGHT

Indoor (Kg)13

Outdoor (Kg) 47

HVAC BYLAWS

ASHRAE (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HEATING, REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONINNG ENGINEERING)

Air-conditioning and ventilating systems circulating air to more than one floor or floor area shall be provided with dampers designed to close automatically in case of fire and thereby preventing spread of fuel or smoke

From fire safety point of view, separate air handling units for the various floors shall be provided so as to avoid the hazards arising from spread of fire and smoke through the air-conditioning ducts. The requirements of air-conditioning ducts shall be in accordance with good practice

HVAC BYLAWS

DUCT SYSTEM — A continuous passageway for the transmission of air which, in addition to the ducts, may include duct fittings, dampers, plenums, and grilles and diffusers.

REFRIGERANT — The fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigerating system, which absorbs heat at a low temperature and low pressure of the fluid Ad rejects heat at a higher temperature and higher pressure of the fluid, usually involving changes of, state of the fluid.

HVAC BYLAWS

RECIRCULATED AIR — The return air that has been passed through the conditioning apparatus before being re-supplied to the space.

PLENUM — An air compartment or chamber to which one or more ducts are connected and which forms part of an air distribution system. The pressure drop and air velocities in the plenum should be low. Generally, the velocity in plenum should not exceed 1.5 to 2.5 m/s.

HVAC BYLAWS

CHILLERS:Sizing and selecting a chiller is an important aspect in noise control. The following guidelines may be considered for noise control: For rooftop installation of chillers, these may be placed on beams connected

on the elevated levels of pillars on correctly chosen vibration isolators. Water cooled chillers have less vibration. However, if air cooled chillers have

to be chosen, choose them with fan of less speeds and compressors must be jacketed without compromising their ventilation requirement.

If much more silencing is required, plan a silencer on the exhaust of the fans and also an acoustic enclosure around the chillers. Care must be taken for the additional static demand in the fan.

HVAC BYLAWS

HVAC BYLAWS

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