HUMAN VALUES, ETHICS and IPR

by Nidhi S&H

Deptt.

The Purpose of Education - Education for a Living or

Education for Life?

Purpose of Education-Indian Perspective

Definition of Education

Education is the manifestation of the perfection already in man - Swami Vivekananda

Learning Objectives

Define and interpret the term Education

Interpret the term Education

Purpose of education – For living or for life

Knowledge Inherent in Man

No knowledge is outside

Knowledge is inside

Infinite library of universe is in mind

Lets DeliberateDiscrimination between:

Knowledge

Information

Understanding

Wisdom

Information

Information is data that has been given

meaning by way of relational connection

Knowledge

Appropriate collection of Information, such that its intent is to be useful

Understanding

It is cognitive and analytical process by which one can take knowledge and synthesize new knowledge from the previously stored knowledge

Wisdom It is a process by which one also discerns or

judges, between right or wrong, good or bad and is a uniquely human state and requires one to have a soul, for it resides as much as in the heart as in the mind

Analyze

Ancient Indian Education System

Gurukula and Guru Shishya Parampara

Existed Since Vedic Age

Adhered to Bramhacharya

Gurukulas patronized by ruling governments

Gurukula literally means a place where shishyas (aspirants of

knowledge) associate with the Guru to get enlightened. Here

‘Kula’ means domain or extended family. A gurukula was an

important place in ancient Indian society. The gurukula system

was the basic concept of education at that time. In this

article, we shall have a glance on the system of gurukula.

Who is Guru: The word “Guru” has several meanings. In

sanskrit ‘gu’ means darkness and ‘ru’ means light. A person who rescues his depended by bringing him out of darkness

and guides him to light is regarded as ‘Guru’. “Guru” also

means ‘Heavy’. One who is heavy with knowledge is called a guru. Guru is one who dispels the darkness of ignorance in his

disciple with the torchlight of knowledge.

The Principle and the Environment

The basic principle of gurukula system is learning by serving. Shisyas learn lessons by

first serving the guru. Gurukula system is completely residential in nature. Shisyas live in

proximity of the guru, almost in the same house. As they live near their guru, they associate with him very intimately. They serve their guru in his

day-to-day life, even in his mundane chores such as cooking, washing clothes, fetching water etc.

The set up of the system is usually in remote areas where there is no disturbance. This

environment is very conducive for learning.Guru observes character and temperament of

each student and imparts knowledge accordingly. He considers all students as equal. One student may be a King’s son and one may be a cobbler’s son, but for guru what matters is the character of the student. In this way, there is no discrimination

against caste, creed and family status of the student.

What Guru Teaches his Students?

The students make their guru as their role model. Guru becomes the second father for the students. He guides them how to lead a successful life. He teaches subject matter of

Vedas, art of using weaponry, music and self defense. He teaches the students what is the aim of human life. What are the moral

values that one has to imbibe to be a successful person in the human society. He teaches how can one disentangle himself

from the complexities of material existence and how can one achieve the ultimate

success. The guru gives this knowledge to his disciples through his own example. Thus, guru is one who has a flawless

character and he imparts the same flawless character to his students through his

constant association.

UniversitiesGurukulas were gradually replaced by

universities

Prominent ones: Nalanda

Takshila

Ujjaini

Vikramashila

Qualities of a Teacher Nine Great Qualities:

1. Pure Mind

2. Communication Skills

3. Bright Countenance

4. Moral Courage

5. Good Memory

Qualities of a Teacher…contd6. Impressive Written Communication

7. Humility

8. Enthusiasm

9. Thirst for knowledge

Qualities of a Student Keen Desire to learn

Undivided attention

Self control

Kind and Courteous

Generous

Denial of Education

No access to education to those:

Who lack interest and aptitude

Who are not straight forward/truthful

Who lack discipline

Ancient India – Scientific TemperamentEmbraced people with Knowledge

Encouraged people to share scientific knowledge

Spread awareness through science

Always aimed at betterment of Society

Major Subjects Studied

Mathematics

Astronomy

Architecture

Agriculture

Hygiene and Health

Views of the West and India towards Logic and Experiments

Mathematics: India has been the father of Mathematics. Indian Decimal system spread throughout the world

Astronomy: Till Galileo’s time it was believed that the earth was stationary but Aryabhatta stated that the earth moves on its axis.Aryabhatta has mentioned about the Sun rise and the Sun set.Aryabhatta explaine very clearly how an eclipse occurs and also wrote about the distances of the various planets from the Sun.

Architecture, Agriculture, Hygine&Health.

Modern Education in IndiaBritish Colonies

Modern European Education

Colonial Educational Policy

Macaulayism

Promotion of western Education in India

National Policy on Education

Civilization and Cultural Unity

Learning ObjectivesDefine the terms Culture and Civilization

Discuss Nuances of Indian Culture

Compare Indian and Western Culture

Appreciate the Cultural Unity

Civilization

The word civilization comes from the Latin civilis, meaning civil, related to the Latin civis, meaning citizen, and civitas, meaning city or city-state.

Culture (Latin: cultura, lit. "cultivation")[1] is a term that has many different inter-related meanings. However, the word "culture" is most commonly used in three basic senses:

Excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture

An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning

The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization, or group

In India, the cow is a symbol of wealth, strength, and selfless giving.

Portrait of Turkman woman, standing on a carpet at the entrance to a yurt, dressed in traditional clothing and jewelry

Architecture of Mohenjo-DaroOne of the world’s Earliest Cities

Strong traits of Indian CultureTyaga (renunciation)Dana (liberal giving)Nishtha (dedication)Satya (truth)Ahimsa (non-violence)Upeksha (forbearance)

Principles of Good GovernanceIdentify the needs of the people and keep

sufficient money/funds in the treasury Observance of traditional principles of

Dharma Money through right meansWealth to be distributed equally among the

deserving Poor and needy to be taken care

Principles of Good Governance…contd

To uphold the principles of justice and equityNo man should be convicted on false

grounds. Religious and secular functions must be

properly balanced. Practice selflessnessNot to acquire wealth, fame and power at

the cost of othersEmbrace death as you embrace life

Contribution of Ancient Sages and MonksLearning Objectives

Identify & understand the life style of ancient sages

Practice the values taught by them

Appreciate the greatness of ancient saints of India.

Sages of the WorldSri Aurobindo

Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa

Swami Vivekananda

Modern Personalities of the World Abraham Lincoln

Albert Einstein

N R Narayana Murthy

Abdul Kalam

Wisdom of Selflessness and SacrificeSelfishness denotes an excessive or

exclusive concern with oneself, and as such it exceeds mere self interest or self concern.

Selflessness means we act without thought for how we will profit or be rewarded.

Sacrifice refers to personal surrender through acts of inner and outer worship.

Benefits of Selflessness

Conquers Pride

Expands our Mind

True Friendship

Selflessness is attractive

Ancient India -Good Governance –Its RelevanceIndia –A living Culture enshrined in timeless

scriptures(The Ramayana and the Mahabharata)

A code of conduct A philosophy of human relationships A saga depicting the complexities of life The realms of soul