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Human DimensionsHuman Dimensionsofof
Natural ResourceNatural ResourceManagementManagement
Do we need to manage natural resources?
...no area on earth can be regarded ...no area on earth can be regarded as truly “natural.”as truly “natural.”
IUCNIUCN
HDNRM is a balancing act HDNRM is a balancing act between use(s) and integritybetween use(s) and integrity
of a natural resourceof a natural resource
Use(s) Integrity
Management
HDNRM is a balancing act HDNRM is a balancing act between use(s) and integritybetween use(s) and integrity
of a natural resourceof a natural resource
Use(s) Integrity
Management
Big Questions in HDNRMBig Questions in HDNRM
WHYWHY
do we manage natural resources?do we manage natural resources?
...and......and...
HOWHOW
do we manage natural resources?do we manage natural resources?
What is HDNRM?What is HDNRM?
...the application of social science ...the application of social science theory and methods to help theory and methods to help understand the cultural, sociological, understand the cultural, sociological, psychological, economic, biological, psychological, economic, biological, and physical aspects of natural and physical aspects of natural resource management and resource management and environmental problem solving. environmental problem solving.
Fulton, Nelson, Anderson, Lime Fulton, Nelson, Anderson, Lime
What is HDNRM?What is HDNRM?...an area of investigation which attempts to ...an area of investigation which attempts to describe, predict, understand and affect human describe, predict, understand and affect human thought and action toward natural thought and action toward natural environments and to acquire such environments and to acquire such understanding for the primary purpose of understanding for the primary purpose of improving stewardship of natural resources. improving stewardship of natural resources. Human dimensions research builds on concepts Human dimensions research builds on concepts and theories from several disciplines including and theories from several disciplines including sociology, psychology, economics, sociology, psychology, economics, anthropology, geography, political science, anthropology, geography, political science, marketing, and education.marketing, and education.
University of Delaware Sea Grant University of Delaware Sea Grant
The domains of HDNRMThe domains of HDNRM
Ecosystemic
PoliticalEconomic
Sociopsychological
HDNRM is a balancing act HDNRM is a balancing act between use(s) and integritybetween use(s) and integrity
of a natural resourceof a natural resource
Use(s) Integrity
Management
Ecocentric view Ecocentric view of natural resourcesof natural resources
Use(s)Integrity
Management
Anthropocentric view Anthropocentric view of natural resourcesof natural resources
Use(s)Integrity
Management
Resource ConflictResource Conflict
Conflict is when the behavior of an Conflict is when the behavior of an individual or group interferes with individual or group interferes with the goals of another individual or the goals of another individual or groupgroup
Goal may be tangible (e.g. market Goal may be tangible (e.g. market valuation) or intangible (e.g. desired valuation) or intangible (e.g. desired experience)experience)
Resource use conflictsResource use conflicts
Outdoor recreationOutdoor recreation WildernessWilderness Wildlife and fish habitatWildlife and fish habitat RangeRange TimberTimber WatershedWatershed Human and community Human and community
developmentdevelopment Oil, gas and mineralsOil, gas and minerals Cultural resourcesCultural resources
ComplementaryComplementary CompetitiveCompetitive SupplementarySupplementary
Dual mandate of HDNRMDual mandate of HDNRM
Providing a quality user experienceProviding a quality user experience Protecting the quality of the Protecting the quality of the
environment and/or resource baseenvironment and/or resource base
Use(s) Integrity
Management
Goal of HDNRM is balancing Goal of HDNRM is balancing acceptable use with protection acceptable use with protection
of the dependent natural of the dependent natural resourcesresources
What is a Resource?What is a Resource?
Resources are productive functions Resources are productive functions and operations performed by tangible and operations performed by tangible substances when used to satisfy a substances when used to satisfy a given end or defined want. Resources given end or defined want. Resources explicitly require objectives and explicitly require objectives and planning agents (managers).planning agents (managers).
Key factors of natural resourcesKey factors of natural resources
Key factors of natural resourcesKey factors of natural resources
UtilityUtility ScarcityScarcity
Classes of natural resourcesClasses of natural resources
StockStock FlowFlow
• ConstantConstant• CyclicalCyclical• VariableVariable
Stock or Flow?Stock or Flow?
Why are natural resourcesWhy are natural resourcesso controversial?so controversial?
Preservation Conservation Exploitation
Simple definition of conservationSimple definition of conservation
A way that we manage our natural A way that we manage our natural resources for sustained output without resources for sustained output without depleting them and/or damaging the depleting them and/or damaging the resource baseresource base
Conservation of stock vs. flow Conservation of stock vs. flow natural resources: natural resources:
The Conservation ContinuumThe Conservation Continuum
0% amount used over time 100%
0% rate of use over time 100%
Conservation of stock vs. flow Conservation of stock vs. flow natural resources: natural resources:
The Conservation ContinuumThe Conservation Continuum
0% amount used over time 100%
0% rate of use over time 100%
Stock Natural Resources
Conservation of stock vs. flow Conservation of stock vs. flow natural resources: natural resources:
The Conservation ContinuumThe Conservation Continuum
0% amount used over time 100%
0% rate of use over time 100%
Stock Natural Resources
Conservation of stock vs. flow Conservation of stock vs. flow natural resources: natural resources:
The Conservation ContinuumThe Conservation Continuum
0% amount used over time 100%
0% rate of use over time 100%
Flow Natural Resources
Conservation of stock vs. flow Conservation of stock vs. flow natural resources: natural resources:
The Conservation ContinuumThe Conservation Continuum
0% amount used over time 100%
0% rate of use over time 100%
Flow Natural Resources
Conservation of stock vs. flow Conservation of stock vs. flow natural resourcesnatural resources
Conservation generally requires Conservation generally requires decreases in present rates of use for decreases in present rates of use for stock and carefully controlled rates of stock and carefully controlled rates of use for flow resourcesuse for flow resources
Examples of management tools that Examples of management tools that can conserve natural resourcescan conserve natural resources
Bag or creel limitsBag or creel limits Court injunctionsCourt injunctions Permit systemsPermit systems Hunting seasonsHunting seasons ReservesReserves EducationEducation PreservationPreservation
What What isis preservation preservationof natural resources?of natural resources?
PreservationPreservation
A management approach which A management approach which attempts to maintain natural attempts to maintain natural ecological integrity and processes ecological integrity and processes through regulation of factors which through regulation of factors which would prove to be disruptivewould prove to be disruptive
EcosystemEcosystem
A community of organisms and their A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting as an physical environment interacting as an ecological systemecological system
Preservation is a management approach Preservation is a management approach which attempts to maintain natural which attempts to maintain natural ecologicalecological integrity and processes through integrity and processes through regulation of factors which would prove to regulation of factors which would prove to be disruptivebe disruptive
Ecological Change in HDNRMEcological Change in HDNRM
Human-InducedChanges
NaturalChanges
No HumanImpact
AcceptableImpact
UnacceptableImpact
Ecological Change in HDNRMEcological Change in HDNRM
Human-InducedChanges
NaturalChanges
No HumanImpact
AcceptableImpact
UnacceptableImpact
limit of acceptable change
Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity
The maximum population size that can The maximum population size that can be sustained by an environmentbe sustained by an environment
Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity
The maximum population size that can The maximum population size that can be sustained by an environmentbe sustained by an environment
Weakness of CC in HDNRMWeakness of CC in HDNRM Finding a Finding a singlesingle ecological carrying ecological carrying
capacity that accommodates capacity that accommodates ecological, social and managerial ecological, social and managerial demandsdemands
General Dimensions of Carrying General Dimensions of Carrying Capacity in HDNRMCapacity in HDNRM
Ecological Societal
Managerial
The future of Human Dimensions of Natural Resource Management:
The Precautionary Principle
Precautionary PrinciplePrecautionary Principle
When an activity raises threats of When an activity raises threats of harm to human health or the harm to human health or the environment,environment, precautionary measures precautionary measures should be taken even if some cause should be taken even if some cause and effect relationships areand effect relationships are not fully not fully established scientifically.established scientifically.
(Wingspread Statement, 1998)(Wingspread Statement, 1998)