Hubballi-Dharwad Smart City Electric · PDF file4.8 SWOT Analysis 28 5. Project Financials 29 5.1 Cost Assumptions 29 6. Statutory and Legal Framework 30 6.1 Local Regulatory Framework

Feasibility Report

11 August 2017

Hubballi-Dharwad Smart City – Electric Crematorium

Feasibility Report – Electric Crematorium- Hubballi Dharwad Smart City Limited

Prepared for Hubballi Dharwad Smart City Limited Page 2 of 40

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Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary 9

2. Project Introduction 10

2.1 Background 10

2.2 City Overview 10

2.3 Smart City Mission 11

2.4 Project Idea and Scope 12

2.5 Necessity of the project 12

2.6 Project Description 13

2.7 Regional Profile: 13

2.8 City Connectivity 14

2.9 Climatic Conditions 15

3. Existing System 16

4. Project 19

4.1 Introduction 19

4.2 Site Description 19

4.3 Site Reconnaissance 20

4.4 Modern Cremation Process 20

4.4.1 Coal and Natural Gas based Cremation Systems 21

4.4.2 Demerits of coal and natural gas based systems 21

4.5 The concept of “Green Cremation System”(GCS) 21

4.6 Electric Cremation 22

4.6.1 Cremation Process 22

4.6.2 Advantages of Electric Cremation 23

4.7 Civil Scope 24

4.8 SWOT Analysis 28

5. Project Financials 29

5.1 Cost Assumptions 29

6. Statutory and Legal Framework 30

6.1 Local Regulatory Framework 30

7. Indicative Environmental & Social Impacts 31

7.1 Introduction: 31



7.2 Air quality: 31

7.2.1 Impacts during Construction for proposed project: 31

7.2.2 Impacts during Operation 31

7.2.3 Mitigation Measures: 32

7.3 Noise Quality 32

7.3.1 Impacts during Construction 32

7.3.2 Impacts during Operation 32

7.3.3 Mitigation Measures 33

7.4 Water Quality 33


7.5 Land Environment 33

7.5.1 Impacts of Construction Wastes 33


7.6 Socio Economic Impacts For Proposed Project 34

7.7 Potential Environmental Impact Matrix 34

7.8 Conclusion 37

8. Operating Framework 38

8.1 Indicative Project Structuring 38

8.1.1 Operation and Maintenance 39

8.2 Risks and Mitigation 39

9. Next Steps 40



List of Tables

Table 1: SWOT Analysis 28

Table 2 : Detailed costs for Civil and Mechanical works 29

Table 3 : Potential environmental impact matrix for Hubbali town 36

Table 4 : Summary of environmental management plan 36

Table 5 : Major Milestones and Time Allocated 38

Table 6 : Tentative planning for next deliverables 40



List of Figures

Figure 1: Round 1 Smart Cities 11



Figure 4: Location map of Hubballi ABD area 14

Figure 5: Hubbali Transportation Network Connectivity 15

Figure 6: Traditional cremation 16

Figure 7: Existing burial System in Hubbali 17

Figure 8: Existing Crematorium in Hubbali 17

Figure 9: Existing Electrical Crematorium in Hubbali 18

Figure -10: Electric Crematorium & Surroundings 20

Figure -11: Proposed location of Electric Crematorium 20

Figure 12: Coal based Modern Crematorium 21

Figure 13: Natural gas based Modern Crematorium 21

Figure 14: Electric cremation Furnace 23

Figure 15: Electric cremation Room 23

Figure 16: Plan view of proposed Ground floor cremation Center 25

Figure 17: Plan view of proposed First floor cremation Center 26

Figure 18: Elevation of proposed cremation Center 27

Figure 19: Project Structure 38



Abbreviations

ABD - Area Based Development

AH - Aminbhavi and Hegde

BRTS - Bus Rapid Transport System

CBT - Central Bus Terminal

CCTV - Closed-circuit television

dB - Decibel

DPR - Detailed Project Report

EPC - Engineering Procurement Construction

FY - Financial Year

GCS - Green Cremation System

GoI - Government of India

GoK - Government of Karnataka

GPS - Global Positioning System

Ha - Hectare

HDMC - Hubballi Dharwad Municipal Corporation

HDSCL - Hubballi-Dharwad Smart City Limited

HDUDA - Hubballi-Dharwad Urban Development Authority

IT - Information Technology

Km - Kilometres

KSIIDC - Karnataka State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation

KSRTC - Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation

MD - Managing Director

MoEF - Ministry of Environment and Forests

MoUD - Ministry of Urban Development

MSME - Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises



MSW - Municipal Solid Waste

NBP - Non Biophysical Components

NGO - Non-Governmental Organisation

NH - National Highway

NWKSRTC - North West Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation

O&M - Operation and Maintenance

PCB - Pollution Control Board

PK - Pourkarmikas

PMC - Project Management Consultant

PwC - PricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt. Ltd.

RCC - Reinforced Cement Concrete

RFID - Radio Frequency identification

SBM - Swachch Bharat Mission

SCP - Smart City Proposal

SH - State Highway

SPCB - State Pollution Control Board

SPV - Special Purpose Vehicle

SWOT - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats

TCE - TATA Consulting Engineers Limited

ULB - Urban Local Body

UNEP - United Nation Environment Programme

USEPA - United States Environment Protection Agency



1. Executive Summary

Hubballi-Dharwad, an administrative node in North Karnataka is also a well-known commercial hub of

the region. The population of the city is 9.43lakhs as per 2011 census. Majority of people in the city do

cremation of the body after death. Cremation of the body makes environmental impacts such as pollution,

cutting of woods etc which is unhealthy for the city for this huge population.

Under the Smart City Project for Hubballi- Dharwad, this concern has been taken up as project.

Modern cremation processes with the use of coal or natural gasses are relief to certain extent, as they have

lowered the requirement of wood, but haven‟t been able to control pollution. Another method of

cremation commonly known as green cremation system, controls pollution and has reduced the

requirement of wood by one third of the conventional system.

Electric crematoriums eliminate the dependency on critical resources like wood. Hence, Hubballi-

Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC) intends to deploy such smart and eco-friendly solution at

cremation grounds within the municipal area.

Previously, a cremation centre with modern and better facilities was proposed in Hubballi at Marutinagar-

Heggeri, but the project couldn‟t start, and conventional system was placed.

With intention to improvise the quality of cremation facility, HDMC has now proposed Electric

crematorium at following locations in the city:

Marutinagar-Heggeri

SM Krishnanagar

Bidnal

The installation of electric cremation facility at cremation grounds in Hubballi will be done in two phases:

Phase 1- i) Marutinagar-Heggeri Electric Crematorium: For marutinagar-heggeri electric crematorium,

feasibility study has been carried out and will be installed in first phase.

Phase 2: ii) SM Krishnanagar, and iii) Bidnal: This two locations which are outside the ABD area will be

taken up once confirmation and clearance is obtained by Hubballi Dharwad Smart City Limited (HDSCL)

from HDMC.

The estimated cost of an electric crematorium with 2 furnaces would be around 3 crores (including civil,

electrical and mechanical works) amounting the overall cost for all three project sites to be 9 crores.

Ground area required for each crematorium would be 400 sqm.



2. Project Introduction

2.1 Background Government of India intends to transform 100 Indian Cities to Smart Cities. In September 2016,

Hubballi-Dharwad was selected amongst the 27 winners of the "2nd Round Competition of SCM” based

on the Smart City Plan (SCP). As mandated in the mission guidelines, Hubballi-Dharwad has

incorporated a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) – Hubballi-Dharwad Smart City Limited (HDSCL) (the

“Authority”) to plan, design, implement, coordinate and monitor the smart city projects in Hubballi-

Dharwad.

Further, HDSCL has received funds from Government of India (GoI) and Government of Karnataka

(GoK) for developing Hubbali-Dharwad as Smart City and implementation of projects proposed by city

under the mission. Project implementation will include carrying out the feasibility study, preparation of

project reports, detailing out the plans, and monitoring and management of the projects. Pursuant to

above, PricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt. Ltd. (PwC) in association with TATA Consulting Engineers Limited

(TCE) and Aminbhavi and Hegde (AH) have been appointed as Project Management Consultant (PMC)

for providing consultancy services for detailing out the ABD and Pan-City plans; preparation of detailed

project reports for the envisaged project packages and project management consultancy support for the

same.

Hubballi-Dharwad‟s Area Based Development (ABD) proposal includes Redevelopment of 992 acres

within the city which impacts about 1.1 lakh city population. The ABD area is mainly characterized by two

kind of land use- commercial and administrative.

2.2 City Overview

Hubballi- Dharwad as a city is an agglomeration of two towns in the northern part of state of Karnataka..

Hubballi-Dharwad is one of the oldest city in Karnataka state with strong cultural and historical

importance, and is also the second-largest urban settlement in Karnataka after Bengaluru. The twin cities

of Hubballi and Dharwad are located at a distance of about 20 km from each other and are municipally

administered by a single Municipal Corporation. Hubballi was identified as an important commercial and

trade centre for the entire northern Karnataka region by the British. Hubballi and Dharwad were

separate municipal entities, but due to functional and administrative interdependency, a common

municipal borough was constituted in the year 1925 for the combined population of 69,940. Further,

Hubballi-Dharwad municipality was upgraded to corporation in the year 1962. Hubballi is the

commercial centre and business hub of North Karnataka region. Crops including cotton, chilli pepper

and peanuts are grown aplenty in the surrounding rural agricultural areas, and Hubballi is a major

trading centre for these commodities. It is also an important city for the Indian Railways, as it is the



headquarters for South Western Railway zone and the Hubballi Railway Division. Hubballi is a major

railway junction in North Karnataka. It is also the headquarters of North Western Karnataka Road

Transport Corporation. Hubballi also houses the largest number of government offices outside

Bangalore. It has more than 3,000 small and medium industries. Approximately 55% of the city„s

population is involved in the tertiary sector. The demographic indicators namely sex ratio and literacy

rates are favourable and higher than that of Karnataka and India. The existing population of the

Hubballi- Dharwad Municipal Corporation area as per Census 2011 is about 9.43 lakhs.

2.3 Smart City Mission

Smart Cities Mission is an urban renewal and retrofitting program by Government of India with a

mission to develop 100 cities (the target has been revised to 109 cities) all over the country making them

citizen friendly and sustainable. The Union Ministry of Urban Development is the key role player in

designing, implementing and monitoring the mission in collaboration with the state governments and

urban local bodies of the respective cities.

Figure 1: Round 1 Smart Cities Figure 2: Round 2 Smart Cities Figure 3: Round 3 Smart Cities

The objective of Smart City Mission is to promote cities to provide core infrastructure and give a decent

quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment with application of „Smart‟ Solutions.

The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development and the idea is to look at compact areas, create a

replicable model which will act like a light house to other aspiring cities. The mission is meant to set

examples that can be replicated both within and outside the Smart City, catalyzing creation of similar

Smart Cities in various regions and parts of the country.

Accordingly, the purpose of Smart Cities Mission is to drive economic growth and improve quality of life of

people by enabling local area development and harnessing technology especially that leads to Smart

outcomes. Area-based development (retrofit and redevelop) will transform existing areas including slums

into better planned ones thereby improving liveability of the whole City. Application of Smart Solutions



will enable cities to use technology, information and data to improve infrastructure and services.

Comprehensive development in this way will improve quality of life, create employment and enhance

income for all, especially the poor and the disadvantaged, leading to creation of inclusive Cities.

2.4 Project Idea and Scope

Conventional cremation system contributes to environmental pollution and excessive cutting of trees.

This has raised concerns due to significant environment, social and health impacts associated with it. In

India, traditional cremation system creates environmental problems such as pollution and cutting of

woods. Electric cremation system can be considered as a solution for these issues. These have raised

concerns with significant environmental, social and health costs associated with it.

The scope of the Feasibility Report for electric crematorium, in ABD area of Hubballi-Dharwad Smart City

Limited has been finalised after carrying out the following studies:

• Reconnaissance Survey

• Stakeholder consultation and surveys

• Indicative Environmental & Social Impacts

• Project Financials

• Statutory and Legal Framework

Refined methodology is followed in submitting the Project deliverables in accordance with the following

stages:

Deliverable 1: Feasibility Report

Deliverable 2: Draft DPR

Deliverable 3: Final DPR

2.5 Necessity of the project

The present system is based on the conventional way of cremation through use of wood. Conventional

system of cremating (through burning) the human body requires lot of wood which is being met by cutting

down the trees resulting in deforestation of nearby areas. Various environmental related issues are created

because of deforestation. Hence in order to avoid this Electric crematorium is recommended. As there is

no proper crematorium inside the existing three cremation grounds being taken up under this project, it is

intended to provide few electric crematoriums in the existing cremation ground to reduce the

deforestation levels to a large extent.



2.6 Project Description

Hubballi-Dharwad Smart City Limited aims at installing the electric cremation facility at cremation

grounds within the municipal area. To begin with, three locations have been identified in the city by

HDSCL. The following locations have been tentatively confirmed for Electric Crematorium:

Marutinagar-Heggeri

SM Krishnanagar

Bidnal

In first phase, Marutinagar-Heggeri electric crematorium is proposed and feasibility study has been carried

out. As part of second phase, other two locations (SM Krishnanagar & Bidnal) will be taken up after

confirmation from Municipal Corporation, since the other two locations are outside the ABD area.

2.7 Regional Profile:

Hubballi is located between 15° 11' - 15° 31' North Latitude and 75° 01' - 75° 28' East Longitude at an

altitude of 627.97m above sea level. Located at about 425 km north of Bangalore and separated by a

distance of 20 km, both the cities are connected to Pune and Bangalore by rail network; other rail links

connect the city with Hotgi, Sholapur, Marmagoa and Bellary. The twin cities are also connected to

Mumbai and Bangalore by Air. The city attracts floating population from neighbouring urban centres such

as Karwar and other towns from north Karnataka as well as Dharwad district, for the purpose of trade and

commerce, health, and education. It also attracts population from across the district to avail the

administrative services provided at various district offices both in Hubballi and Dharwad. Hubballi is the

educational hub of north Karnataka and attracts population from north Karnataka region for educational

purpose.

The ABD area of 992 acres is located at the heart of Hubballi city and is very well connected with all the

surrounding areas by road. The ABD area is mainly planned based on a transit-oriented development. Two

bus stations- old as well as new NWKSRTC station and Central Bus Terminal (CBT) fall inside the limits of

ABD area. The Hubballi Junction Railway station, which is the headquarters of South-Western Railway

marks the eastern boundary of ABD area. Also, there is also an airport in ABD area near Gandhi Nagar,

which has daily flight to Bangalore.



Figure 4: Location map of Hubballi ABD area

2.8 City Connectivity

Hubballi – Dharwad is well connected to the major cities by road network and rail network. It has air

connectivity with Bangalore and Mumbai. The city is also the head quarter of divisional railways.

National highway, NH4, is the major corridor of Hubballi Dharwad is passing through the central city

core and connects Pune and Bangalore. The major roads in both cities follow a radial pattern, originating

from the centre of Hubballi city and connecting other major towns like Bijapur, Karwar, Marmagoa and

Sholapur. The National highway NH-4 built to bypass traffic from PB road connects the twin cities with

Bangalore and Pune. Other highways passing through/connecting the city are NH-218 (to Solapur), NH-

63 (to Haliyal and Gadag), SH- 73 and SH- 28 (to Goa). The major district roads connect Kalghatai,

Soundhatti and Halyal etc.

Hubballi is well connected by the rail network to Bengaluru and other major cities such as Mumbai in the

north and Thiruvananthapuram in the south. Being an important railway junction, there are daily trains

to Bijapur, Solapur, Bellary, Pune, Ajmer, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Vasco, Vijayawada,

Mysore, Tirupati, Chennai, and Howrah. There is an operational airport in Hubballi. The airport is

spread over an area of 369 acres and has one runway of 1,670 m in length. The airport has all basic air

navigation and night landing facilities.



Figure 5: Hubbali Transportation Network Connectivity

2.9 Climatic Conditions

Hubballi-Dharwad experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. However, Dharwad

enjoys a better climate than Hubballi in view of its higher altitude. Owing to the location, Dharwad enjoys

a pleasant weather with moderate climate throughout the year. The coolest month is December with an

average low temperature of 15.4 °C and the hottest month is April with an average high temperature of

32.8 °C. The region receives rainfall from both northeast and southwest monsoons, and the wettest

months are September and October. The average annual rainfall is around 675 mm for Hubballi and 812

mm for Dharwad.



3. Existing System

Hubballi and Dharwad are twin cities in the state of Karnataka and are referred as Hubballi-Dharwad. The

Hubballi-Dharwad is the oldest city in Karnataka state with strong cultural and historical importance, and

is also the second-largest urban settlement in Karnataka after Bengaluru. Scarcity of wood is one of the

major concerns in city of hubballi-dharwad, and further deforestation may lead to serious environmental

issues. The land availability within municipal area is another major challenge, thus Municipal Corporation

is facing lot of issues in identification of new cremation ground. Hence, there is a need for creation of

alternate methods of cremation. Electric crematorium is one such solution available as an alternate

cremation technique.

Figure 6: Traditional cremation

Existing cremation sites have both conventional cremation and burial system.

Previously, a cremation centre with modern and better facilities was proposed in Hubballi at Marutinagar-

Heggeri, but the project couldn‟t start, and conventional system was placed at this location.



Figure 7: Existing burial System in Hubbali

Figure 8: Existing Crematorium in Hubbali



Figure 9: Existing Electrical Crematorium in Hubbali



4. Project 4.1 Introduction

Cremation is the combustion, vaporization and oxidation of cadavers to basic chemical compounds, such

as gases, ashes and mineral fragments retaining the appearance of dry bone. Cremation may serve as

a funeral or post-funeral rite as an alternative to the interment of an intact dead body in a coffin, casket or

shroud. Cremation is not an alternative to a funeral, but rather an alternative to burial or other forms of

disposal.

In many countries, cremation is usually done in a crematorium. Some countries, such as India and Nepal,

prefer different methods, such as open-air cremation. A crematorium is a machine in which people's

bodies or remains are burned down to the bones, eliminating all soft tissue. Crematories are usually found

in funeral homes, chapels, cemeteries, or in stand-alone facilities. A facility which houses the actual

crematory units is referred to as a crematorium.

4.2 Site Description

The proposed location for the Electric Crematorium is shown in the below figure. The location is situated

near to Altaf Nagar, old Hubballi. There are many residential areas in the surroundings which are Vasavi

Nagar, Kotillinga Nagar, Shivapur Colony, Vikas Nagar, M.T.S. Colony and Heggeri Colony. This place is

in the side of the road connecting Gokul road and Old Hubballi. Both Burial and Burning/Cremating

facilities are available in the crematorium yard which is shown in Figure 10. Close to existing cremation

centre location for electric crematorium is proposed which is shown in Figure 11.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporization

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadavers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compounds

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash_(analytical_chemistry)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffin



Figure -10: Electric Crematorium & Surroundings

Figure -11: Proposed location of Electric Crematorium

4.3 Site Reconnaissance

Consultants along with HDMC have carried out reconnaissance survey in Hubballi- Dharward area and

found the tentative locations for Electric Crematorium. Discussions were carried out with local public to

understand the existing cremation process happening and also with vendors regarding space requirement

of electric crematorium along with its working principle.

4.4 Modern Cremation Process

The cremation occurs in a crematory that is housed within a crematorium and comprises one or more

furnaces. A cremator is an industrial furnace that is able to generate temperatures of 870–980 °C to

ensure disintegration of the corpse.



4.4.1 Coal and Natural Gas based Cremation Systems

Modern fuel based cremators are dependent on oil, natural gas, propane, and coal gas. However, use of

coal and coke for cremation has come down after 1960s.

Modern cremators have adjustable-control systems that monitor the furnace during cremation. These

systems automatically monitor the internal processes to notify when the cremation process is complete,

after which the furnace automatically shuts down. The time required for cremation varies from body to

body, and, in modern furnaces, the process may be as fast as one hour per 50 kg of body weight.

Figure 12: Coal based Modern Crematorium Figure 13: Natural gas based Modern Crematorium

4.4.2 Demerits of coal and natural gas based systems

It is a common sight in most open crematoriums where cloud of black smoke covers the blue sky.

According to a report, all the year round, around 50 to 60 million trees are burned during cremations in

India. While burning the wood, there is also emission of million tonnes of carbon dioxide gas which is not

good for the environment. The two main drawbacks of the traditional method of cremation are air

pollution and deforestation.

4.5 The concept of “Green Cremation System”(GCS)

As a latest concept, Green Cremation System is being developed in India but has not been very popular

like the electric cremation. It is an alternate method of cremation. It is affordable, energy efficient, and

causes lesser environmental pollution. In the Green Cremation system, a man sized metal grate is

constructed beneath a roof and a chimney, and woods are placed on the metal base. The use of chimney

enables better air circulation and reduces heat loss. It uses much lesser amount of wood (around 150-200

kg) to burn a body as compared to the wood (500-600 kg) used in the traditional funeral pyre. Also, it

takes less time for the entire cremation, around 2 hours, as compared to 6-8 hours in the traditional

cremation. While the emissions are reduced by 60%, the cost is also reduced significantly. As this type of

cremation is on wood based, this type of system is not recommended for Hubballi city.



4.6 Electric Cremation

The concept of electric cremation is not new. It was commissioned in January 1989 as a part of the Ganga

Action Plan. The basic idea was to serve the purpose of river friendly cremation. In order to tackle

environmental pollution, electric crematoriums are being set up in various parts of the country, especially

in the metro cities and are promoted by the Government, private NGOs and environmentalists.

Electric Cremation System is designed in a way that it utilises minimum time, and minimum fuel with a

special emphasis on 3 T‟s (Temperature, Time and Turbulence). A most modern pollution control system

has been incorporated to tap all the poisonous hazardous & toxic gases, particulates matter, smoke and

odour. All the toxic gas and pollutants are scrubbed with water and the cool and clean gas is released to

the environment through chimney.

4.6.1 Cremation Process

The dead body is laid on the cremation trolley. The rituals if any are performed out on the trolley itself.

The Furnace Must put on so that heat the furnace and increase the temperature.

The furnace door is then opened and the trolley pushed inside the furnace and then the door is closed.

Cremation will be completed within 90–100 minutes, depending upon the dead body.

After the cremation is completed the ashes are collected from the bottom of the secondary furnace placed

below the Primary chamber using a scraper.

The Cremation System consists of the following items:-

1. Furnace.

2. Body Loading Trolley.

3. Cyclone.

4. Venturi Scrubber/ wet scrubber

5. Mist Separator

6. Air Blower.

7. Chimney.

8. Control Panel.

1. Furnace

The Furnace consist of:-

(a) Furnace Door: After the body is Shifted to the Furnace .The furnace Door is closed. The Furnace door

is a vertical sliding type counter weight balanced & manually operated.

(b) Primary Chamber: Here the Human dead Body is incinerated at Temperature of approx. 800 + 50 °C.

(c) Secondary Chamber: The emission coming out of the Primary Chamber is Burned further to make the

Emission free from Toxic gas/ Foul odor , temperature at secondary chamber 1050 + 50 C .

(d) Ash Chamber: The Ash after the cremation drops down beneath the primary chamber from where the

ash is collected by opening the Ash door at Secondary Chamber through scrapping for Asthi Puja.

(e) Furnace Casing: Sturdy Mild Steel Structure with 6 mm MS Plates and Painted



with high temperature paints .

2. Body Loading Trolley:-

Body loading trolley is used to transfer the body into the furnace. The trolley moves on Rail.

It is stretcher type, manually operated moving on rails with lowering and lifting mechanics..

3. Cyclone:-

The Emission coming out from the secondary chamber carries suspended material &

particulate matter which is separated in the cyclone.

4. Venturi Scrubber:-

Venturi Scrubber is a high velocity water scrubbing system, where the toxic Gas Coming out of the furnace

is scrubbed in water before discharging into the environment.

5. Chimney:-

A 100 ft height chimney is installed for safe disposal of the clean emissions / gases.

6. Control Panel:-

A control panel is provided to operate the cremation system .It is incorporated with Energy Saving devices

& all safety aspect and control is taken into consideration.

7. Auxiliary Power:

95 Kw (Inclusive of Furnace Heaters , Blowers & Scrubber Pump )

Figure 14: Electric cremation Furnace Figure 15: Electric cremation Room

4.6.2 Advantages of Electric Cremation

The conventional funeral pyre requires around 500-600 kg of firewood, three litres of kerosene/Ghee and

300-400 cow-dung cakes per dead body. Mortal remains can only be taken after 24 hours.

On the other hand, electric cremation is comparatively less expensive. Relatives can take the mortal

remains within a few hours of cremation. Since electric cremation, is not dependent on wood and there

are no gas emissions, it is the environment friendly method of cremation. It is undoubtedly an

unconventional way of cremation, but it helps in saving resources like wood, kerosene, etc. It is the most

cost efficient, time efficient and environment friendly option for cremation.



4.7 Civil Scope

The scope of work under this includes design, engineering, preparation of working drawings of the

building in accordance with Indian standard code specifications. The building includes a ground floor

plinth area of 14.42m x 16.38m and the same plinth area of 14.42m x 16.38m in the first floor. The ground

floor comprises of electrical facility rooms, toilets, office room, machine room and ash collection room.

Space for the construction of ramp is also provided to carry the corpse. The first floor comprise of

machine room, prayer room and viewing gallery. The building consists of RCC framed structure with

beams and columns.



Figure 16: Plan view of proposed Ground floor cremation Center



Figure 17: Plan view of proposed First floor cremation Center



Figure 18: Elevation of proposed cremation Center



4.8 SWOT Analysis

The SWOT analysis carried out for the city for the implementation of electric crematorium is detailed out

in the table below:

Table 1: SWOT Analysis

Strengths

The city has improved its ranking in SBM rankings drastically over the last year which shows the willingness of people as well as cooperation to adapt to a better and cleaner environment

Weaknesses

Lack of proper 24x7 Electricity

Opportunities

City is under rapid development of infrastructure developments with Smart City.

Lack of proper cremation facilities and non availability of wood

Threats

Religious belief of people.



5. Project Financials 5.1 Cost Assumptions

Following are the major items which will account to costing in Electric Crematorium.

Table 2 : Detailed costs for Civil and Mechanical works

Sl.No TYPE UNIT COST(in Rs)

Civil works 1 Construction of Cremation Building

1,00,00,000

2 Boundary Wall

3 Approach Road

Mechanical Works

1 Supply & installation of complete electric cremation furnace machine + 100 feet height chimney + pollution control Equipment + Dead body charging trolley + Ash collection equipments

80,00,000

Electric Works

1 Design, engineering, manufacturing, inspection and supply of 11 kV/ 0.433 kV, 250 kVA substation consist of VCB, transformer and LT panel including necessary cables and accessories up to LT.

60,00,000

2 Wiring of building along with yard lighting.

3 Electric Wiring with Fitting and Fixture.

4 Spares for safe operation for 2 years.

5 11 kV LT bulk electric service connection

6 Erection testing & commissioning

Total Cost 2,40,00,000

The total cost including 20 % margin is Rs 2,88,00,000



6. Statutory and Legal Framework

6.1 Local Regulatory Framework If any consent to establishment is required for these types of work, HDSCL has to take permission from pollution control board of Karnataka.

If consent to operation is required for these types of work, the vendor needs to obtain the environmental clearance from the state pollution control board before installing his system.



7. Indicative Environmental & Social Impacts

7.1 Introduction:

In this Chapter potential impacts on the environment from the proposed Electric crematorium are

identified based on the nature and extent of various activities associated during construction and after

completion of the project. The proposed expansion activities will have impact of varying magnitude on

environmental components both beneficial (positive) and adverse (negative) impacts. Both these

(positive and negative) impacts are considered for the impact prediction studies.

7.2 Air quality:

7.2.1 Impacts during Construction for proposed project:

The potential ambient air quality impacts arising from the proposed project would occur mainly during

construction phase. During construction, the project would have two major impacts on ambient air

quality due to an increase in gaseous emissions by construction equipment‟s and vehicles, and an

increase in dust by construction activities. Earth excavation work, foundation work, superstructure work,

material storage, transportation and handling of construction materials, and wind erosion are the major

factors that would produce a temporary, localized increase in SPM and RPM levels. The increased

movement of heavy vehicles carrying construction materials, operation of DG sets as standby power back

up system would generate gaseous emissions. However as DG sets are used as standby, the impacts are

insignificant. The degree of dust generated would depend on the soil compaction and moisture content of

the ground surface during construction. Dust and exhaust particulate emissions from equipment

operations would temporarily degrade air quality in the immediate construction zone. The increase in air

particulates would be minimized by the performance of the work. The construction contractor shall

visually monitor dust levels on the site during construction. Dust suppression needs to be instituted,

using water tankers mounted on tractors, sprinklers and other means as necessary.

7.2.2 Impacts during Operation

The Structures at the project site would be expected to have no impact on air quality during their normal

operation Impacts during Construction. Small amount of air pollution will be created during the process

of cremation even though pollution control methods are there in the Cremation chamber. Vendor has to

install pollution control measures in such a way that the system should not emit polluted air and has to get



the pollution control certificates from the respective pollution control board for the operation. The ash

obtained after cremation will be collected by the family of the dead body so it doesn‟t create pollution on

the crematorium surroundings.

7.2.3 Mitigation Measures:

The impact on the air quality due to the operation of construction machineries in the site is found to be

insignificant. However, the negative impacts created as a result of movement of construction vehicles

needs critical attention. For mitigation of these impacts, following measures are suggested:

Vehicles transporting construction materials prone to fugitive dust emissions should be covered.

Trucks carrying sand should be provided with tarpaulin sheets to cover the bed and sides of the trucks.

Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment should not be permitted during loading and unloading

All construction vehicles should comply with air emission standards and be maintained properly.

Dust suppression measures in addition to the traffic management should be followed on these roads

7.3 Noise Quality

The potential source of noise associated in the construction includes the excavation, utility shifting,

movement of dumpers, transporting construction material, etc. Pumping of water seeping during

construction and transportation of muck material could also be the potential source for noise pollution.

Therefore, properly maintained machines and equipment‟s should be used to minimize the impact of

noise on the surrounding environment. Trucks used for transportation of muck material shall be lined

with rubber or equivalent material that will minimize the noise generated during the dropping and

loading and unloading operation of muck materials.

7.3.1 Impacts during Construction

Construction activities normally result in temporary and short duration increase in noise level. The main

sources of noise during construction period include movement of vehicles for loading and unloading of

construction materials, fabrication, handling of equipment and materials, operation of concrete mixing

plants, generators, welding machines etc. The areas affected are those close to the site. Under the worst

case scenario, considered for prediction of noise levels during construction phase, it has been assumed

that all these equipment‟s generate noise from a common point at an average noise level of 85 dB (A).

7.3.2 Impacts during Operation

The proposed structure at the project site is not expected to have an impact on Noise during their normal operation.



7.3.3 Mitigation Measures

Restriction on the usage of noise generating activities and traffic movement in the Residential

areas to day light hours to avoid high noise and sleep disturbance to residents during

construction phase.

Generator sets should be provided with noise shields around them.

Vehicles used for transportation of construction material should be well maintained.

7.4 Water Quality

The proposed project will cause minimal effect on the water quality. As the workers employed in the

construction phase will be housed locally and will be few in number, there will not be substantial quantity

of waste water generated by them.


High pressure hose should be used for cleaning and dust suppression purposes.

Discharge of construction wastes to surface water bodies or ground water should not be

allowed during construction. It can be diverted to nearest sewer.

During Construction period in rainy season, the water quality is likely to be affected due to the

construction work and loosening of topsoil. This is likely to increase the suspended solids in

the run – off during heavy precipitation. It is envisaged that the monsoon period will be

avoided for cutting and filling of earthwork.

7.5 Land Environment

The environmental impacts on land environment have been classified primarily into two aspects namely

i.e., direct impact on soil and land in the area. Land environment in the area has potential for

contamination if there are wastewater discharges directly on to the land and from impacts arising out of

solid waste discharge on to the land. The proposed project is of very small scale and the discharges on

land from construction activity are minimal.

The Project Management Consultants (PMC) will adopt good construction practices that will ensure the

environmental impacts of waste effluents generated on-site during construction will be minimized.

7.5.1 Impacts of Construction Wastes

The generation of waste material is inevitable during the construction phase of the development. Waste is

generated at different stages of construction process. Waste during construction activity relates to

excessive cement mix or concrete left after work is over, rejection caused due to change in design or

wrong workmanship etc. Excavation of earth and rock generates muck. Other wastes include top soil,

clay, sand, and gravel. These are normally re-used as filler at the same site after completion of excavation



work. Construction waste is bulky and heavy and is mostly unsuitable for disposal by incineration or

composting.


The solid waste generated during the construction phase is usually excavated earth material and

construction debris. Excavated earth material will be reused for backfilling between foundations; to fill

up the low-lying areas and whereas, topsoil will be reused for Landscaping / Greenbelt development

purpose.

7.6 Socio Economic Impacts For Proposed Project

The project can improve the service of the existing crematorium. The positive impact of the proposed

activity is expected during the start-up of construction activities as well as through its life. Besides the

local population would be benefited from the facility, local dealers would be benefited from contracts and

supply of construction materials. This will lead to economic and social upliftment of the area.

7.7 Potential Environmental Impact Matrix

This methodology incorporates a list of project activities with a checklist of environmental components

that might be affected. Matrix method incorporates environmental conditions on one axis and proposed

actions on the other.

The impact of each action on various environmental components are filled in a tabular format to estimate

the impacts which may be either qualitative, insignificant, high, adverse, beneficial or quantitative by

assessing a numerical score, but in the end there should be a grand total to signify the magnitude of the

impact. The activities discussed above are likely to affect the environment in varying degrees. Relevant

components of environment, which are likely to experience some impacts due to the proposed project

activities, have been identified.

Environmental parameters are broadly classified under three following groups considering the cause -

effect relationship:

Physical Environment

Biological Environment

Non Biophysical Components (NBP)

The parameters selected for impact identification are site activities and project specific. Different parameters considered under the said groups are as follows:

Ambient Air Quality

Noise

Soil stability / erosion



Vegetation

Resource use

Health

Socio economic

The interaction between project activities and environmental parameters described above are shown in

the impact matrix in , the matrix points out each activity and its impact on specific environmental

parameters. This is a qualitative work and does not indicate quantitative impact. Some of the impacts are

temporary and localized and some impacts are short term and long term in the matrix.

The predicted impacts of the proposed project have been discussed in .The environmental

management measures to reduce the adverse impacts are detailed in this Section.



Table 3 : Potential environmental impact matrix for Hubbali town

Project Activities Physical Biological Non Biophysical Components (NBP)

Air Quality Noise Soil stability / erosion

Water Quality

Vegetation

Health (Individual /Community, Occupational)

Socio-economic (Population, Community Infrastructure, Employment)

Hubballi City - Implementation Phase

Construction of Crematorium- Excavation, Erection, Fabrication, Finishing

ST, -ve ST, -ve Nil ST, -ve Nil Nil LT, +ve

Operation of Crematorium Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil LT, +ve LT, +ve

Note: ST – Short Term, LT – Long Term, +ve – Potential Positive Impact, -ve – Potential Negative Impact (requires mitigation measures)

Table 4 : Summary of environmental management plan

Parameters Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts

Proposed Mitigation Measures Residual Impacts

Implementation Issues

Responsibilities Monitoring

Electric Crematorium

Gaseous emissions by construction equipment‟s and vehicles, and increase in dust by construction activities

Vehicles transporting construction

materials prone to fugitive dust

emissions should be covered.

All construction vehicles should comply

with air emission standards

Dust suppression measures in addition

to the traffic management should be

followed on these roads.

Not Significant.

Contractor HDSCL / PMC

Noise pollution from movement of vehicles for loading and unloading of construction materials, fabrication, handling of equipment and materials, operation of concrete mixing plants, generators etc.

Restriction on the usage of noise

generating activities in the Residential

areas to day light hours.

Generator sets should be provided with

noise shields around them.

Vehicles used for transportation of

construction material should be well

maintained.

Not Significant.


Ground water pollution from percolation of construction waste water.

High pressure hose should be used for

cleaning and dust suppression purposes.

Discharge of construction wastes to

nearest sewer.

Avoid earthwork during monsoon

season

Not Significant.




7.8 Conclusion

Proposed project of electric crematorium in city of Hubballi will have following beneficial impacts, while

mitigation measures for adverse impacts have also been mentioned below,

Noise produced from vehicular movement and construction activities can be curbed to

minimal by making use of noise shields for machinery, carrying out maintenance of vehicles,

and by restricting construction activity to day time.

The proposed project will have positive impacts on the socio-economic environment of the

study area. The project will provide direct and indirect employment for Skilled, and unskilled

personnel, hence providing a boost to the local economy.

Regular monitoring of air, water and noise parameters shall be carried out to keep a check on

routine compliance of statutory requirements.

The proponent strongly believes in the concept of sustainable development and understands the impacts

as identified above from the proposed project and will take all measures to mitigate such negative

impacts and also lay emphasis on the implementation of the Recommendations of the Environmental

Management Plan in true spirits.



8. Operating Framework 8.1 Indicative Project Structuring

The project is headed by the Managing Director (MD) - Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). The Project

Management Consultant (PMC) will manage the project in coordination with SPV and Hubballi-

Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC). The technical aspects of the project will be handled by the

PMC. The project will be executed by the Contractor, who will be selected through the open tendering

process. Operation and Maintenance of the project will be carried out by HDMC/ private operator who

can collect the revenue from the same and carry out routine maintenance.

Figure 19: Project Structure

The major milestones and time allocated for the completion of each milestone is tabulated in table below

Table 5 : Major Milestones and Time Allocated

Sl. No. Milestone Time Required (Months)

Cumulative Period ( months)

1 Mobilisation 1.00 1.00

2 Design 2.00 3.00

3 Implementation Project 8.00 12.00

The capital costs and financial aspects of the project have been detailed in Chapter 5.



8.1.1 Operation and Maintenance

O&M has to be taken care of by the Municipal authorities; as this is intended to be constructed under

smart city funds. The O&M can be sublet to a private agency that will maintain and collect the revenue

from the same.

8.2 Risks and Mitigation Risks

Since a large capital will be invested on the construction and maintenance of the Electric

crematorium, it is important to check that these are used properly.

The ignorance among people may lead to non-usage of all the modern features that are proposed.

Lack of trained workers in operation of Electric crematorium.

Mitigation

Authority should ensure for proper operation and maintenance of Electric crematorium.

Bringing awareness among citizens about the modern technology used in this Electric crematorium.



9. Next Steps

Based on the above feasibility report, it is expected that, HDSCL accords their approval for setting up

Electric Crematorium at the proposed locations along with the confirmation on the land owner ship

details. This will also help the project to be implemented without any land issues and the project can be

expected to be completed as per the schedule provided in table 4.

Table 6 : Tentative planning for next deliverables

Description Owner Tentative Timing

Approval of feasibility report HDSCL 21-08-2017

Submission of DPR PMC 05-09-2017

Approval of DPR HDSCL 10-09-2017

Submission of tender documents

PMC 28-09-2017

Documents

Hubballi-Dharwad Smart City Electric · PDF file4.8 SWOT Analysis 28 5. Project Financials 29 5.1 Cost Assumptions 29 6. Statutory and Legal Framework 30 6.1 Local Regulatory Framework