Hst3000 adsl2 manual_rev b

Acterna HST-3000ADSL2 Testing

User’s Guide

Acterna HST-3000ADSL2 Testing

User’s Guide

Notice Every effort was made to ensure that the information in this document was accurate at the time of printing. However, infor-mation is subject to change without notice, and Acterna reserves the right to provide an addendum to this document with information not available at the time that this document was created.

Copyright © Copyright 2005 Acterna, LLC. All rights reserved. Acterna, Communications Test and Management Solutions, and its logo are trademarks of Acterna, LLC. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. No part of this guide may be reproduced or trans-mitted electronically or otherwise without written permission of the publisher.

Trademarks Acterna and HST-3000, are trademarks or registered trade-marks of Acterna in the United States and/or other countries.

Specifications, terms, and conditions are subject to change without notice. All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective companies.

Orderinginformation

This guide is a product of Acterna's Technical Information Development Department, issued as part of the HST-3000. The order number for a printed guide is ML-059701. The order number for a CD-ROM containing all the HST-3000 user documentation is CML-060301.

FederalCommunications

Commission (FCC)Notice

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential instal-lation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interfer-ence will not occur in a particular installation.

ii HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision B

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Opera-tion is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

– Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.– Increase the separation between the equipment and

receiver.– Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different

from that to which the receiver is connected.– Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician

for help.

In order to maintain compliance with the limits of a Class B digital device Acterna requires that quality interface cables be used when connecting to this equipment. Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by Acterna could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

Industry CanadaRequirements

This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision B iii

iv HST-3000 ADSL Testing User’s Guide Revision B

Contents

About This Guide ixPurpose and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xAssumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xTerminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xHST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiHST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiSafety instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiTechnical assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiiConventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii

Chapter 1 Getting Started 1About ADSL2 testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Quick tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Status LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Sealing current terminator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Chapter 2 ADSL2 Testing 7Accessing the ADSL2 testing feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Testing in modem emulate mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Selecting modem emulate mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

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Contents

Setting test parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Setting general modem parameters. . . . . . . . . . . .10Setting WAN parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Setting data parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Setting ping parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Setting PPP parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Setting ATM BERT parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Setting trace route parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Setting FTP parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Connecting to the line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Testing the physical layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Testing line quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Performing a ping test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Releasing IP addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25ATM BERT testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Testing in Ethernet TE mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Selecting Ethernet TE mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Setting test parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Setting LAN parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Connecting to the line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Testing line quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Performing a ping test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Testing in ADSL through mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Selecting through mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Setting test parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Setting LAN parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Setting WAN parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Connecting to the line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Testing line quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Performing a ping test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Finding disturbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Saving graphical results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Managing test configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Storing test configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41Loading a configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Overwriting a configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Deleting a configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

vi HST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s Guide Revision B

Contents

Chapter 3 Interpreting Test Results 45About ADSL results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Summary results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Error results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Event log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Data errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49IP results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Ethernet results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Ping results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51Trace route results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53ATM general results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54ATM OAM results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55ATM channel results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56ATM BERT results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58FTP results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Performance results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60Signal results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62Identity results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63Video results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting 65Interpreting messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66Resolving problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

Operating the unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69Performing tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

General test problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70ADSL test problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Glossary 77

Index 83

HST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s Guide Revision B vii

Contents

viii HST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s Guide Revision B

About This Guide

This chapter describes how to use this guide. Topics discussed in this chapter include the following:

– “Purpose and scope” on page x– “Assumptions” on page x– “Terminology” on page x– “HST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s Guide” on page xi– “HST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide” on page xi– “Safety instructions” on page xi– “Technical assistance” on page xii– “Conventions” on page xiii

HST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s Guide Revision B ix

About This GuidePurpose and scope

Purpose and scopeThe purpose of this guide is to help you successfully use the features and capabilities of the Acterna HST-3000.

This guide includes task-based instructions that describe how to configure, use, and troubleshoot the HST-3000’s ADSL testing option.

AssumptionsThis guide is intended for novice, intermediate, and experi-enced users who want to use the HST-3000 effectively and efficiently. We are assuming that you have basic computer experience and are familiar with basic telecommunication concepts, terminology, and safety.

TerminologyThe following terms have a specific meaning when they are used in this guide:

– HST-3000 — The HST-3000 family of products or the combination of a base unit and a SIM.

– SIM — Service Interface Module. Referred to generically as the module.

x HST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s Guide Revision B

About This GuideHST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s Guide

HST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s GuideThe HST-3000 ADSL2Testing User’s Guide is an application-oriented user’s guide containing information about using the HST-3000 ADSL2 testing option to perform test operations on ADSL2/2+ services. This includes an overview of testing features, instructions for using the HST-3000 in ADSL2 modem emulate mode, ADSL2 through mode, and Ethernet TE mode. This guide also contains test result descriptions and contact information for Acterna’s Technical Assistance Center (TAC).

This user’s guide should be used in conjunction with the HST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide.

HST-3000 Base Unit User’s GuideThe HST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide contains overall infor-mation relating to device and general functions such as using the unit with a keyboard, peripheral support, battery charging, saving and printing results, and managing files. This guide also contains technical specifications for the base unit and a description of Acterna’s warranty, services, and repair infor-mation, including terms and conditions of the licensing agree-ment.

Safety instructionsSafety instructions are contained in a separate document and are provided in printed format with the product. Safety infor-mation is also available in electronic form on the HST user documentation CD-ROM.

HST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s Guide Revision B xi

About This GuideTechnical assistance

Technical assistanceIf you need assistance or have questions related to the use of this product, call or e-mail Acterna’s Technical Assistance Center (TAC) for customer support. Before contacting TAC, you should have the serial numbers for your HST-3000 unit. (see “Locating the serial number” in the HST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide).

Table 1 lists TAC information. For the latest TAC contact infor-mation, go to www.acterna.com, or contact your local sales office for assistance. For contact information for regional sales offices, see the back cover of this guide.

During off-hours, you can request assistance by doing one of the following: leave a voice mail message at the Technical Assistance number, e-mail the North American Technical

Table 1 Technical assistance centers

Region Phone Number

Americas (except Brazil)

1-866-ACTERNA301-353-1550

(1-866-228-3762)[email protected]

Brazil 0800-70153704617 38394617 3729

Europe, Africa, and Mid-East

+49 (0) 7121 86 1345 (Acterna Germany)

[email protected]

Asia and the Pacific +852 2892 0990 (Hong Kong)

+8610 6833 7477 (Beijing-China)

Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand

+60 3 2730 6333(Kuala Lumpur)

xii HST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s Guide Revision B

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.acterna.com


About This GuideConventions

Assistance Center, [email protected], or submit your ques-tion using our online Technical Assistance Request form at www.acterna.com.

ConventionsThis guide uses naming conventions and symbols, as described in the following tables.

Table 2 Typographical conventions

Description Example

User interface actions and buttons or switches you have to press appear in this type-face.

Press the OK key.

Code and output messages appear in this typeface.

All results okay

Text you must type exactly as shown appears in this type-face.

Type: a:\set.exe in the dia-log box.

Variables appear in this type-face.

Type the new hostname.

Book references appear in this typeface.

Refer to Newton’s Telecom Dictionary

Table 3 Keyboard/menu conventions

Description Example

A plus sign + indicates simul-taneous keystrokes.

Press Ctrl+s

A comma indicates consecu-tive key strokes.

Press Alt+f,s

HST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s Guide Revision B xiii


http://www.acterna.com

About This GuideConventions

Table 4 Symbol conventions

Table 5 Safety definitions

A slanted bracket indicates choosing a submenu from menu.

On the menu bar, click Start > Program Files.

Table 3 Keyboard/menu conventions (Continued)

Description Example

This symbol represents a general hazard.

This symbol represents a risk of electrical shock.

This symbol represents a risk of explosion

This symbol represents a Note indicating related informa-tion or tip.

DANGER Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

WARNING Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.

xiv HST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s Guide Revision B

Chapter 1 Getting Started

1
This chapter provides a general description of the HST-3000’s optional ADSL2 testing features. Topics discussed in this chapter include the following:
– “About ADSL2 testing” on page 2– “Quick tour” on page 3

HST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s Guide Revision B 1

Chapter 1 Getting StartedAbout ADSL2 testing

About ADSL2 testingThe HST-3000 ADSL testing features use modem emulation (ATU-R) to turn up and troubleshoot ADSL and ADSL2 services as well as provide ATM statistics and analysis. The internet protocol (IP) suite software allows IP/PPP trouble-shooting. The on-board web browser option validates an internet connection.

The capabilities of the ADSL features include the following:

– Variety of ADSL testing modes for service verification, local loop testing, and network connectivity.

– Variety of line modulations:– ANSI T1.413 DMT Full Rate– ITU-T G.992.2 (G.Lite)– ITU-T G.992.1 (G.DMT) Full Rate Annex A– Multimode (Annex A)– ITU-T 992.3 (ADSL2)– ITU-T 992.5 (ADSL2+)– G.Span (ADSL2)

Mode Function

ADSL Modem emulate mode

Used to test basic ADSL physical layer rates, quality and line statistics. Also used for testing the following types of lines: IP over Ethernet, IP over ATM, PPP over Ethernet, and PPP over ATM.

ADSL Through mode

Used for testing the following types of lines: Bridged Ethernet, IP over ATM, PPP over Ethernet, and PPP over ATM.

ATM Loopback Used to loopback ATM cells.

Ethernet TE mode

Used for testing IP over Ethernet and PPP over Ethernet.

2 HST-3000 ADSL2 Testing User’s Guide Revision B

Chapter 1 Getting StartedQuick tour

– Wide range of compatibility with industry standards– On-board web browser for validating the customer’s

internet connection– Trace route and FTP throughput capability– Customer premise equipment emulation to turn up and

troubleshoot ADSL service, including Ethernet terminal equipment (TE)

– ATM F5 loopback capability– ATM BERT capability

Quick tourThe following sections describe the HST’s LED status indica-tors and connector applicable to ADSL.

Status LEDs These indicators report the status of the application. The func-tion of each LED is described in Table 6.

Table 6 Status LEDs

LED Function

Sync A two-color LED that reports the status of modem synchronization. – Flashing green indicates that the modems

are training. – Solid green indicates that the modems have

synchronized. – Solid red indicates a synchronization error

has occurred.



Data A two-color LED that reports the status of the data connection. – Flashing green indicates that the data con-

nection is not yet established. – Solid green indicates that a data connection

has been established with the network (so that the HST-3000 may send and receive data on the network).

– Solid red indicates that a data network con-nection has not been established.

Error A two-color LED that reports modem error condi-tions. – Solid red indicates an error condition.

Alarm A two-color LED that indicates alarm condi-tions. – Solid red indicates an alarm condition.

Loopback A two-color LED that indicates a loopback condition. – Solid amber indicates that a local loop-

back has been achieved.

Battery Indicates the battery status. For more informa-tion, see the HST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide.

Table 6 Status LEDs (Continued)

LED Function



Connector The connector for ADSL is located on the right side of the SIM, as shown in Figure 1.

Use the 8-pin modular jack (ADSL connector) for connection to ADSL circuits. If in through mode, connect an Ethernet cable to the Ethernet jack on the top panel.

Sealing currentterminator

The sealing current terminator, HST3000-SC, is an optional accessory available for DSL service. It is used when sealing current or wetting current must be terminated. Typically this occurs in an all-digital environment, but is not typical in DSL since the equipment (NT1 or telephone) provides termination.

The LED on the module indicates presence of sealing current. Place the module in-line, using the provided test cable.

Figure 1 ADSL connector

SIM

Base unit

ADSL connector

WARNING: ELECTRICAL SHOCKElectrical shock may result in serious injury or death. Use care when connecting to telecommunications circuits, to be sure that you do not come in contact with exposed conduc-tors or power mains. Connect TNV signals to TNV ports only.



The module is designed to terminate voltages under 80 volts, anything over 80V may make the module act erratic (LED flicker, go dim, etc.)

NOTE:It is not recommended leaving the sealing current termina-tor on the line in the presence of a repeater because the module oscillates and could cause signal integrity issues effecting HST test results.

CAUTION: DAMAGE TO MODULEPlacing the sealing current terminator on a line with voltage over 150 volts may damage the unit.


Chapter 2 ADSL2 Testing

2
This chapter provides task-based instructions for using the optional HST-3000 ADSL2 testing features. Topics discussed in this chapter include the following:
– “Accessing the ADSL2 testing feature” on page 8– “Testing in modem emulate mode” on page 9– “Testing in Ethernet TE mode” on page 27– “Testing in ADSL through mode” on page 32– “Finding disturbers” on page 37– “Saving graphical results” on page 40– “Managing test configurations” on page 40


Chapter 2 ADSL2 TestingAccessing the ADSL2 testing feature

Accessing the ADSL2 testing featureThe ADSL2 feature provides the following test modes:

– ATU-R Annex A Emulate– ATU-R Annex A Through

The following procedure describes how to access the ADSL2 testing feature.

You can access Ethernet terminal equipment (TE) mode by pressing the Ethernet soft key (see “Testing in Ethernet TE mode” on page 27).

To access the ADSL testing feature

1 Press the Home navigation key.

2 Press the ADSL soft key.The ADSL Measurements menu appears.

The following sections describe how to perform tests in the following modes: Emulate, Through, and Ethernet TE.


Chapter 2 ADSL2 TestingTesting in modem emulate mode

Testing in modem emulate modeIn modem emulate mode, the HST-3000 terminates the line instead of the CPE.

The modem emulation test involves the following steps:

– selecting ATU-R modem emulate mode– setting test parameters– connecting to the line– performing the tests

Selectingmodem emulate

mode

The first step for the test is to select modem emulate mode.

To select modem emulate mode

1 Access the ADSL testing options (see page 8).

2 Select modem emulate mode. After a few seconds the ADSL Summary statistics menu appears. The unit is now in modem emulate mode.

3 Proceed to “Setting test parameters”.

Setting testparameters

Before you begin testing, make sure the test parameters on the HST-3000 match the parameters of the line you are testing. To set the parameters on the HST-3000, see the following sections.



Setting generalmodem

parameters

The procedure in this section describes how to set the general modem parameters. You can restore the default parameters, or you can specify the individual settings.

The default modem parameters for Annex A are as follows:

– Standard — T1.413– Auto Sync — On– Trellis Coding — On– Echo Cancellation — Off

To restore default modem parameters

1 Press the Configure navigation key. The parameter soft keys appear.

2 Press the GENERAL soft key. You may need to use the left or right arrow buttons to find the General soft key.The ADSL General Settings menu appears.

3 Select Restore Defaults.

4 At the restore defaults prompt, press the OK.

The default modem parameters are set.



The following procedure describes how to set individual modem parameters.

To set the general modem parameters

1 Press the GENERAL soft key. You may need to use the left or right arrow button to find the General soft key.The ADSL General Settings menu appears.

2 To configure the line modulation standard, select Standard, and then specify the ADSL line modulation standard in use:– T1.413– G.DMT– G.Lite– Multimode. Multimode will automatically pick T1.413,

G.DMT, or G.Lite.– ADSL2 (Auto) will revert to G.DMT if the line doesn’t

support ADSL2.– ADSL2+ (Auto) will revert to ADSL2 if the line doesn’t

support ADSL2+ or revert to G.DMT if line doesn’t support ADSL2.

– ADSL2 forces ADSL2 only (if line doesn’t support ADSL2, the connection fails).



– ADSL2/2+ allows either ADSL2 or ADSL2+ (if line doesn’t support ADSL2/2+, the connection fails)

– G.Span (Auto) supports any version of ATU-C. (Proprietary Conexant high speed ADSL DMT.)

3 Select Auto Sync, and then select either On or Off.This parameter specifies whether the HST-3000 will auto-matically attempt to re-sync with the DSLAM if the connection drops.

4 Select Trellis Coding, and then select either On or Off.This parameter specifies whether trellis coding for error correction is used. Select this only if you know it is required.

5 Select Echo Cancellation, and then select either On or Off.Echo cancellation is a special ADSL mode in which UP and DOWN bands overlap to provide higher data rates. Select this only if you know it is required.

6 Select SRA, and then select either On or Off.Seamless Rate Adaptation changes the data rate while in operation without any interruption to data service.

7 Select Power Cutback, and then select either Off or 1 - 12dB.Power cutback allows you to reduce the local tx power. This can reduce the level of NEX T (near-end cross talk) as well as lowering the overall power consumption of the HST-3000.

8 Select Event Log Size, and then specify the size of the event log. The size options are as follows: 100, 200, 300, 400, 500.

The general modem parameters are set.



Setting WANparameters

The following procedure describes how to set the wide area network (WAN) parameters. The WAN interface is the DSL connection to tip and ring.

To set the WAN parameters

1 Press the WAN soft key.The WAN Settings menu appears.

2 Select IP Mode to set the IP mode to either static or dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP).

3 Select IP Address, and then enter the IP address.

4 Select Net Mask, and then enter the net mask.

5 Select Gateway, and then enter the gateway address.

6 Select DNS, and then enter the address of the domain name server.

7 Select Which MAC, and then select either User Defined or Factory Default.For most situations, the factory default is acceptable and should be used.

8 If you selected User Defined in step 7, select MAC Address, and then enter the address for the MAC.

The WAN parameters are set.



Setting dataparameters

To use ping, trace route, FTP, or the web browser, the data configuration must be set correctly. The VPI and VCI settings must match the customer-facing settings for the ADSL ports on the DSLAM.

Be sure to check these settings before you proceed with test-ing. Check the trouble ticket or call your help desk for assis-tance.

The following procedure describes how to set the data param-eters.

To set the data parameters

1 Press the DATA soft key.The Data Settings menu appears.

NOTE:You may achieve synchronization with the DSLAM without configuring these settings, but you must configure these to use ping, trace route, FTP, or the web browser.



2 Press 1 then select a Data Mode.– IPoE is IP over Ethernet– IPoA is IP over ATM– PPPoA is PPP over ATM– PPPoE is PPP over Ethernet– ATM Loopback allows ATM cells to be looped back.– IPoE MVC Video is an optional mode for IP video

testing. For more information, see the HST-3000 IP Video Testing User’s Guide.

– Bridged Ethernet - used in Ethernet mode.– ATM BERT allows bit error rate testing over the ATM

layer.

3 Select VC, and then enter the virtual path indicator (VPI) and virtual channel indicator (VCI) for the virtual channel (VC) under test.

4 If you selected IPoE, IPoA, PPPoA, PPPoE, MVC Video, or Bridged Ethernet Data Mode, select TX ATM PCR and enter the transmit peak cell rate.– Unlimited transmits the maximum cell rate allowed on

the circuit.– User Specified allows you to enter a value from 2 to

50000 cells per second.

5 If you selected IPoE, IPoA, PPPoA, or PPPoE Data Mode, select Encapsulation, and then specify the appro-priate setting.

6 If you selected ATM Loopback Data Mode, select Loop-back Mode and specify whether to loop ALL cells or only TTC cells.

The data parameters are set.

NOTE:If the rate entered is not attainable, the HST will round down to the next attainable rate.



Setting pingparameters

The following procedure describes how to set the ping param-eters.

To set the ping parameters

1 Press the PING soft key.The Ping Settings menu appears.

2 Select Address Type, then select either IP Address or DNS Name (domain name server name).IP Address uses the numeric address, DNS Name uses the domain name, such as www.acterna.com

3 Select IP Address, and then enter the IP address.Acterna recommend using the IP address or Domain Name Services (DNS) name of the ISP gateway of the customer's service provider. It is also possible to ping any internet address or the network Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS).

4 Select DNS Name, and then enter the DNS name.

5 Select Number Pings, and then set the number of pings to send before stopping.

6 Select Pings/second, and then set the number of pings per second.

7 Select Packet size, and then set the packet size.The default is 16. Change this only if needed.



The ping parameters are set.

Setting PPPparameters

The following procedure describes how to set the point-to-point protocol (PPP) parameters.

To set the PPP parameters

1 Press the PPP soft key.The PPP Settings menu appears.

2 Select PPP Mode, and then select either Client or Server.Client is normally used. Use Server only when you have an ATU-C. This feature allows a remote ATU-R to estab-lish a PPP session with the HST-3000.

3 Select User Name, and then enter a valid user name.This must be a valid user account with an ISP.

4 Select Use Provider, and then select either Yes or No.

NOTE:If you selected “Server” as the PPP mode, connect only to other devices with the same service name.



This option indicates whether to append the user name with the service provider domain name (for example, earthlink.net). Select Yes only if usernames for the ISP must include the domain name as part of the username. This setting automatically appends the @ sign for you.

5 Select Provider, and then enter the provider name.This is required if you selected Yes for “Use Provider.”

6 Select Password, and then enter the user password.This must be a valid password that matches the user name above. Passwords are often case-sensitive.

7 Select Use Service Name.

8 If you selected “Yes” for Use Service Name, enter the Service Name.

The PPP parameters are set.

Setting ATM BERTparameters

If you selected ATM BERT as the data mode on the Data settings menu, the ATM BERT parameters must be set. The ATM BERT data mode is only available in modem emulate mode.

To set the ATM BERT parameters

1 Press the ATM BERT soft key.The ATM BERT Settings menu appears.



2 Select Bert Mode, and then select Rx Only, Tx Only, or Tx and Rx.

3 Select Bandwidth %, and then enter the percentage of bandwidth to test.

4 Select Pattern, and then select a Bert pattern.

5 Select Pattern Invert, and then select whether to invert the pattern.

6 Select Duration, and then select a test duration from the following:– Continuous– 1 Minute– 15 Minutes– 1 Hour– User Defined

7 If you selected a User Defined Duration, select Custom Duration, and enter the number of minutes for the test duration.

8 Select Threshold Enable, and then indicate whether a threshold is enabled.

9 If Threshold Enable is Enabled, select Threshold, and then enter the threshold.

The ATM BERT parameters are set.

Setting trace routeparameters

The following procedure describes how to set the trace route parameters. For all modes except TE mode, the WAN inter-face is the DSL connection to tip and ring.

To set the trace route parameters

1 Press the Trace Route soft key. You may need to use the left or right arrow key to find the TRACERT soft key.



The Trace Route Settings menu appears.

2 Select Address Type, and then select either IP address or DNS Name (domain name server name).

3 Select IP Address, and then enter the IP address.

4 Select DNS Name, and then enter the DNS name.

5 Select Packet Type, and then set the packet type to one of the following:– ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)– UDP (User Datagram Packet).

6 Select DNS Lookup, and then indicate whether you want to lookup names for hops.

The trace route parameters are set.



Setting FTPparameters

The following procedure describes how to configure FTP (throughput) parameters.

To set FTP parameters

1 Press the FTP soft key. You may need to use the left or right arrow key to find the FTP soft key.The FTP Settings menu appears.

2 Press the 1 key, and then enter a user name. Use the up and down arrows to indicate a letter or number, or use the keyboard keys.

3 Press the OK key to accept the changes.

4 Press the 2 key, and then enter a password. Use the up and down arrows to indicate a letter or number, or use the keyboard keys.

5 Press the 3 key, and then indicate whether you want to download or upload.

6 Press the 4 key, and then indicate the upload file size.

7 Press the 5 key, and then specify the upload content, either Pseudo-random or Fixed Pattern - AA55.

The thruput parameters are set.



Connecting tothe line

After setting the test parameters, you can connect to the line.

To connect to the line

1 Connect one end of the test cable to the jack on the side of the module.

2 Connect the other end of the cable using one of the following methods:– If connecting to the NID, plug the cable into the

modular connector on the NID, or use clip leads to clamp pins 4 and 5 as shown below.

– If connecting behind a full-rate splitter, use a cable that will connect the ADSL signal on pins 2 and 5 to pins 4 and 5 on the HST-3000 as shown below.

The test leads are connected.

NETWORK

45 ADSL

Line

NIDLine port

NETWORK

45 ADSL

Line

NIDLine port

NETWORK

34

25ADSL

Line

POTSLine

45

Line port

SPLITTER

NETWORK

34

25ADSL

Line

POTSLine

45

Line port

SPLITTER



Testing thephysical layer

You can use the HST-3000 to test the physical layer of the ADSL link. The following procedure describes the basic test for the ADSL link.

To perform a basic ADSL link test– Connect to the line and allow the unit to train on the line.

If the unit achieves sync at the desired data rates, noise margins, and attenuation, the ADSL link is good.

Testing linequality

Once connected to the line, the HST-3000 gathers statistics for the line. These statistics are used to determine the line quality.

To test line quality

1 Connect to the line.The modem begins to train on the line automatically. When it reaches show time, the HST-3000 begins gath-ering statistics.

Once data synchronization occurs, the Actions soft key appears.



2 Optional. To verify ATM level connectivity, press the Actions soft key then select either Send F5 Segment or Send F5 End-End.This sends a F5 loop command to the applicable device.

3 Press the Display soft key to view different types of statistics.See “About ADSL results” on page 46 for information on interpreting the results.

4 Press the Results soft key to clear the results or save them to a text file.For more information on saving results and managing the files, see the Acterna HST-3000 Base Unit User’s Guide.

5 Press the DSL Stop soft key to stop the modem.All DSL results will remain in view until the modem is started again or another test is selected.

Testing line quality is complete.

Performing aping test

The ping test sends a ping packet through the modem to an IP address or DNS name (could be a network switch or web address) to test for connectivity.

The ping feature is available when the data mode is set to one of the following:

– IP over Ethernet (IPoE)– IP over ATM (IPoA)

The following procedure describes how to perform a ping test.

NOTE:You can also check connectivity using the web browser. See “Web browser” in the base manual for more informa-tion.



To perform a ping test

1 Locate the Actions soft key.If you do not see the Actions soft key, do the following:

a Check the Data LED. The Data LED must be green in order to use the Actions softkey. If the Data LED is red, the network connection is not properly established.

b Press the Configure navigation key and make sure all parameter settings are correct for the circuit.

c Press the Home navigation key.

d Press the Display soft key, and then select Data - IP. See if there are any error messages.

e Locate the Actions soft key.

2 Press the Actions soft key.

3 Select a ping method:– Ping Once sends a single ping to the network.– Start Ping consecutively sends multiple pings to the

network, up to the number of pings configured.


The test is complete.

Releasing IPaddresses

The HST allows you to release allocated IP addresses, so they can be used in other applications. The IP release feature is available when the data mode is set to one of the following:

– IP over Ethernet (IPoE)– PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)– PPP over ATM (PPPoA)



For instructions setting the data mode, see “Setting data parameters” on page 14.

The following procedure describes how to release IP addresses.

To release IP addresses


2 Connect the HST to the line. See “Connecting to the line” on page 30.

3 Press the Display soft key.

4 Press the 4 key to select IP Results.The IP results window appears.

5 Press the Actions soft key.

6 Select either Log-Off or IP-Release. The Log-Off and IP-Release options are only available when you viewing the IP results window.The IP address is now available for use in other applica-tions.

ATM BERTtesting

The HST-3000 allows testing of the ATM layer using a bit error rate test (BERT). The following procedure describes how to perform an ATM BERT.

To perform an ATM BERT test

1 Verify that ATM BERT is selected as the Data Mode. See “Setting data parameters” on page 14.


3 Connect the HST to the line. See “Connecting to the line” on page 30.Once data synchronization occurs, the Actions soft key appears.


Chapter 2 ADSL2 TestingTesting in Ethernet TE mode

4 Press the Actions soft key then select Start ATM BERT.

5 Press the Display soft key.

6 Press the 4 key then select ATM BERT.The ATM BERT results window appears.

7 To insert an error, press the Actions soft key then select Inject ATM BERT Error.The Injected Errors counter should increment.

8 Press the Results soft key to clear or save the results.See “ATM BERT results” on page 58 for information on interpreting the results.

You have completed the ATM BERT test.

Testing in Ethernet TE modeIn Ethernet TE mode, you can use the HST-3000 to emulate Ethernet terminal equipment. You can connect to an Ethernet LAN or to the Ethernet port on the customer modem. You can then use trace route, FTP, the web browser, or IP Ping to test for connectivity.

You can also ping through the modem to a network switch or web address to test for connectivity.



The Ethernet TE test involves the following steps:

– selecting Ethernet TE mode– setting test parameters– connecting to the line– performing the tests

SelectingEthernet TE

mode

The first step for the test is to select Ethernet terminal equip-ment (TE) mode.

To select Ethernet TE mode


2 Press the ETHERNET soft key.

3 Select Ethernet TE.The Ethernet TE Summary appears.

4 Proceed to “Setting test parameters” on page 28.


Before you begin testing, make sure the test parameters on the HST-3000 match the parameters of the line that you are testing. The following parameters must be set on the HST:

– Data parameters (see “Setting data parameters” on page 14)

– Ping parameters (see “Setting ping parameters” on page 16)

– PPP parameters (see “Setting PPP parameters” on page 17)

– LAN parameters (see “Setting LAN parameters”)

Setting LANparameters

The available parameter options will vary depending on the selected mode. The following procedure describes how to set the LAN parameters.



To set the LAN parameters

1 Press the LAN soft key.The LAN Settings menu appears.

2 Select IP Mode, then select either Static or DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol).

3 Select IP Address, then enter the IP address.

4 Select Net Mask, then enter the net mask.

5 Select Gateway, then enter the gateway address.

6 Select DNS, then enter the address of the DNS server.

7 Select Which MAC, then specify either User Defined or Factory Default.

8 If the Which MAC parameter is set to User Defined, select MAC Address, then enter the appropriate address.

9 Select Media Type, then select the media type.

10 Select VLAN, then set it to On or Off.

The LAN parameters are set.






1 Connect the cross-over Ethernet cable to the HST’s Ethernet port on the top panel as shown below.

The Ethernet port is pinned-out like a typical Ethernet network adaptor or NIC, so you should use a straight cable if connecting to a hub, switch, or router.

2 Connect the other end of the cable to the LAN or modem Ethernet port.After connecting the correct Ethernet cable, the Data LED will illuminate green and the link light will glow, indicating a good network connection exists.

Testing linequality


Ethernet port

NETWORK

Modem

Ethernet port

NETWORK

Modem




1 Connect to the line.





You can do a ping test to test for connectivity. See “Performing a ping test” on page 24 for more information.

You can also test for connectivity using trace route, FTP through-put, or the web browser. Make sure the Data LED is illuminated green before you test for connectivity.


Chapter 2 ADSL2 TestingTesting in ADSL through mode

Testing in ADSL through modeIn through mode, the HST-3000 replaces the customer’s ADSL modem to help sectionalize troubles. Depending on the ADSL test option you purchased, you can perform Annex A and Annex B through mode testing.

Through mode testing involves the following steps:

– selecting through mode– setting test parameters– connecting to the line– performing the tests

Selectingthrough mode

The first step for the test is to select through mode.

To select through mode

1 Access the ADSL testing feature (see page 8).

2 Select through mode. After a few seconds the ADSL Summary statistics menu appears. The unit is now in through mode.

3 Proceed to “Setting test parameters” on page 32.


Before you begin testing, make sure that the test parameters on the HST-3000 match the parameters of the line you are testing. The following parameters must be set:

– General modem parameters (see “Setting test parame-ters” on page 9)

– Data parameters (see “Setting data parameters” on page 14)

– Ping parameters (see “Setting ping parameters” on page 16)



– PPP parameters (see “Setting PPP parameters” on page 17)

– FTP parameters “Setting FTP parameters” on page 21.– LAN parameters (see “Setting LAN parameters”)– WAN parameters (see “Setting WAN parameters”)

Setting LANparameters

The following procedure describes how to set the LAN param-eters.

To set the LAN parameters

1 Press the LAN soft key.The LAN Settings menu appears.

2 Select NAT to enable or disable network address transla-tion (NAT) as appropriate.Use this when the customer CPE modem/router assigns private IP addresses.

3 Select Server IP, then enter the tester’s LAN server IP address.

4 Select Net Mask, then enter the LAN net mask address.

5 Select DHCP Server to enable or disable the tester’s DHCP server.



Enable the DHCP server when the customer’s CPE is configured to receive an IP address automatically.

6 If DHCP Server is enabled, perform the following steps:

a Enter the starting IP address for the tester’s DHCP server.

b Enter the pool size.This is how many IP addresses the tester’s DHCP server may assign to other computers.

7 Select Media Type, then select the media type.

The LAN parameters are set.

Setting WANparameters

The following procedure describes how to set the wide area network (WAN) parameters. The WAN interface is the DSL connection to tip and ring.

To set the WAN parameters

1 Press the WAN soft key.The WAN Settings menu appears.

2 Select IP Mode, then select either Static or DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol).

3 Select IP Address, then enter the IP address.

4 Select Net Mask, then enter the net mask address.



5 Select Gateway, then enter the gateway address.

6 Select DNS, then enter the address of the DNS server.

7 Select Which MAC, then specify either User Defined or Factory Default.

8 If the Which MAC parameter is set to User Defined, select MAC Address, then enter the appropriate address.

9 Select VLAN, then set it to On or Off.

The WAN parameters are set.




1 Connect one end of the test cable to the 8-pin jack on the right-hand side of the HST-3000.

2 Connect the other end of the cable to Tip and Ring using either the modular jack or clip leads.

3 Connect to the CPE:

a Connect one end of the Ethernet cable to the Ethernet jack on the top of the HST-3000.

b Connect the other end of the cable to the PC, hub, or router.

Walljack

orLine port

Ethernet port

NID

Walljack

orLine port

Ethernet port

NID



Use a shielded crossover cable if you are connecting to a PC. Use a straight cable if you are connecting to a hub or router.

The test leads are connected.

Testing linequality



1 Connect to the line.The modem begins to train on the line automatically. When it reaches show time, the HST-3000 begins gath-ering statistics.





Chapter 2 ADSL2 TestingFinding disturbers


Perform a ping test to test for connectivity. See “Performing a ping test” on page 24 for more information.

You can also test for connectivity using trace route, FTP through-put, or the web browser. Make sure the Data LED is illuminated green before you test for connectivity.

Finding disturbersThe graphical displays can be useful tools for finding disturbers. The graphs are pictorial representations of the bits per tone. Using these graphs to locate interference is not a precise method. However, this process can help you isolate the frequency where the interference occurs. You can then use that information to identify possible sources of interfer-ence.

To find disturbers

1 After running the test, press the Display soft key.

2 Select Graphs.

3 Select View BPT graph.

NOTE:The graphs only appear if you are connected to the line and the modem has trained on the line.



The bits per tone (BPT) graph appears.

4 Examine the portions of the graphs where there are dips or breaks.These dips represent areas where interference is degrading the ADSL signal.

5 Use the Cursor actions to help identify the affected frequencies.

6 Optional. To enlarge the view of the graph (zoom in), perform the following steps.

a Press the Cursor soft key.

b Select Zoom in.

7 To view the BPT graph for higher frequencies, perform the following steps.

a Press the Graphs soft key.

b Select View Ext BPT graph.



The Extended BPT graph appears.

8 Find the corresponding tone in Table 7 on page 39.Table 7 lists common noise sources and the corre-sponding frequencies and tones.

By noting the frequency where the interference occurs, you can associate the affected frequencies with possible disturbers.

Finding disturbers is complete.

Table 7 Noise sources and tones

Noise SourceNoise Frequency (kHz)

Tone #Tone Frequency (kHz)

ISDN BRI 40 9 38.8125

HDSL passband center

196 45 194.0625

HDSL passband max 392 91 392.4375

HDSL2 274 64 276

T1 passband center 772 179 772

E1 passband center 1024 237 1022


Chapter 2 ADSL2 TestingSaving graphical results

Saving graphical resultsYou can save graphical results to a bit map file

To save graphical results to a file

1 After running a test, press the Display soft key.

2 Select Graphs.The graphical results appear.

3 Select the graph you want to view.

4 To save the graph to a file, press the Graphs soft key.

5 Select Save Screen Capture.

6 Enter a file name for the graph, and the press the OK key.The graph is saved to the following directory on the HST: /results/ADSL. The graph is saved as a bit map file with a .bmp file extension.

7 For information about viewing and printing files on the HST, see the Acterna HST Base Unit User’s Guide.

Managing test configurationsThe configuration storage feature allows you to save test configurations, load saved configurations, overwrite saved configurations, and delete saved configurations.

NOTE:A graph only appears if you are connected to the line and the modem has trained on the line.

NOTE:Configuration changes are not automatically saved to con-figuration storage. You must overwrite the configuration (or create a new one) to make the change permanent.


Chapter 2 ADSL2 TestingManaging test configurations

To view the configuration storage feature

1 Press the STORAGE soft key.The Config Store menu appears.

Storing testconfigurations

Once you have finished configuring the HST-3000 for a partic-ular test, you can store the test configuration for future use. You can store up to 10 configurations.

To store a test configuration

1 Set up the HST-3000 for the test you are performing.

2 Press the Configure navigation key.

3 Press the STORAGE soft key.

4 Press the 2 key.

5 Enter the file name.

6 Press the OK key.

The test configuration is stored.



Loading aconfiguration

After a configuration is saved, you can load it. This can save time when changing settings for different circuits.

To load a test configuration



3 Press the 1 key.

4 Select the file name to load.

5 Press the OK key.

The test configuration is loaded.

Overwriting aconfiguration

You can change a saved configuration then overwrite the old version.

To overwrite a configuration



3 Press the 3 key.

4 Select the file name to overwrite.

5 Press the OK key.

The test configuration is overwritten.

Deleting aconfiguration

If a configuration is no longer needed, you can delete it.

To delete a test configuration



3 Press the 4 key.



4 Select the file name to delete.

5 Press the OK key.

The test configuration is deleted.




Chapter 3 Interpreting Test Results

3
This chapter describes the test results that are gathered when running a test. Topics in this chapter include the following:
– “Summary results” on page 46– “Error results” on page 48– “Event log” on page 49– “Data errors” on page 49– “IP results” on page 49– “Ethernet results” on page 50– “Ping results” on page 51– “Trace route results” on page 53– “ATM general results” on page 54– “ATM OAM results” on page 55– “ATM channel results” on page 56– “ATM BERT results” on page 58– “FTP results” on page 59– “Performance results” on page 60– “Signal results” on page 61– “Graphs” on page 62– “Identity results” on page 63


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsAbout ADSL results

About ADSL resultsAfter the HST-3000 has synchronized with the DSLAM, the unit will immediately display results on the LCD. You can view many additional results by pressing the DISPLAY soft key and selecting other results screens.

Summary resultsThis category provides a summary of the most important test results. This default results screen provides a summary of the most frequently used test results. Table 8 describes the summary results.

NOTE:The available results depend on the installed options, modem type, and test configuration. Your unit may not show all of the results listed below.

Table 8 Summary results

Result Description Range Resolution

Data mode Shown in the upper right of the screen. It is the current data mode.

IPoE, IPoA, PPPoA, PPPoE, Bridged Ethernet, ATM Loop-back, IPoE MVC Video

N/A

Line format Shown in the upper right of the screen. It is the current ADSL line format.

G.DMT, G.Lite, T1.413, Multimode, ADSL2, ADSL2+, G.Span

N/A

Est. Length1 Shown in the connec-tion diagram. It is the estimated loop length.2

N/A ±5%


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsSummary results

Modem state Shown just under the connection diagram. It is the current opera-tional state for the modem. A graphical display also indicates the modem state.

BOOTING, IDLE,TRAINING, SHOW-TIME, UNKNOWN, NOT TALKING

N/A

Actual rate Actual upstream and downstream rates

32–1024 kbps3 (Up)32–8160 kbps3 (Dn)32–1200 kbps4 (Up)32–2500 kbps4 (Dn)

32 kbps

4-32 kbps

Max rate Maximum attainable upstream and down-stream rates

32–1024 kbps3 (Up)32–8160 kbps3 (Dn)32–1200 kbps4 (Up)32–2500 kbps4 (Dn)

32 kbps

Capacity The percentage of total bandwidth currently used by the actual con-nect rate upstream and downstream.

0–100% 1%

Noise margin Noise margin upstream and downstream

0–63.5 dB 0.5 dB

Attenuation The degradation of sig-nal strength in dB upstream and downstream1.

0–63.5 dB 0.5 dB

Errors The shaded line at the bottom of the screen. It reports the type of modem errors.

N/A N/A

1. Not available if in the following ADSL1 modes: G.DMT, T.413, or G.lite. It will be available in a future release.

2. The estimated loop length is a rough estimated based on attenuation. For a more accurate measure of loop length, use the TDR in Copper mode.

3. These are ADSL1 rates. Some manufacturers allow higher ADSL1 rates.4. These are ADSL2 rates.

Table 8 Summary results (Continued)



Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsError results

Error resultsThis category provides both local and remote error statistics. Table 9 describes the error results for ADSL.

Table 9 Error results


LOS Loss of signal. N/A N/A

FEC Forward Error Correc-tion anomalies.

0–4294967295 errors 1 error

FEC ES Forward Error Correc-tion Errored Seconds. Count of seconds in which at least one FEC error occurred.


CRC Cyclical redundancy check. A mathematical way to ensure all of the data or information pay-load in a cell, frame, or packet has arrived uncorrupted.


ES Number of seconds in which one or more CRC error occurred


SES Count of seconds in which at least 50 CRC errors occurred or one or more LOSW defects are declared.


UAV Count of unavailable seconds, which occurs after 10 contiguous SES.


HEC Header error correction. Errored ATM cell head-ers that have been auto-matically corrected.



Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsEvent log

Event logThis category provides a running log of significant modem events and errors.

Data errorsThis category displays network connection statistic and parameters and IP ping information. It is only available when a data mode has been selected in the ADSL configuration screens. There are several types of results available under the data category.

IP results Table 10 describes the IP results.

Table 10 IP results

Result Definition

WAN IP Address

The HST-3000's IP address to the access or provider network.

WAN Net Mask The HST-3000’s netmask address. IP devices use a netmask IP address to deter-mine if IP packets are to be routed to other networks or sub-networks.

LAN IP Address The HST-3000's IP address to a PC or lap-top, hub or router connected to the HST-3000's ethernet port. (Through mode only)

LAN Net Mask The HST-3000's netmask address for the LAN interface. (Through mode only)


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsEthernet results

Ethernet resultsThe ethernet category provides statistics on ethernet frames when the HST-3000's 10/100BT Ethernet interface is used in TE or ADSL thru-modes. Table 11 describes the Ethernet results.

Gateway The HST-3000's gateway address. When an IP device has determined that a packet is not addressed to it or devices on the same sub-network (subnet), it sends all such packets to the gateway address for further routing to the correct address.

DNS Domain Name Services. When using inter-net addresses such as www.acterna.com, the HST-3000 (and all IP devices) must translate to an IP address (such as 157.234.12.20) in order to route the pack-ets or data. To do so, it first requests a DNS server to translate an internet address into an IP address; then the HST-3000 can cor-rectly route IP pings or other data. The DNS address must be that of a real DNS server, preferably in the provider network.

State The status of DHCP, DNS and TCP/IP pro-tocols used to route traffic on the access network.

Table 10 IP results (Continued)

Result Definition

Table 11 Ethernet results

Result Definition

RX Bytes Total bytes received

RX Frames Total frames received


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsPing results

Ping resultsThink of ping (packet internet groper) as sonar on a network. The HST-3000 sends out IP packets (Internet Control Messaging Protocol [ICMP] “echo” requests) to which the destination (target) automatically responds. Ping tells you if the destination is alive and awake, how fast the ping went to the destination and back to the HST-3000, and if ping packets were dropped and lost along the way. Table 12 on page 52 describes the ping results.

RX Errors Total errors received

RX Dropped Frames Total dropped frames

TX Bytes Total bytes transmitted

TX Frames Total frames received

TX Errors Total errors received

TX Dropped Frames Total dropped frames

TX collisions Ethernet frames are transmitted “space-available” when there is a break on the signal on the cable; sometimes frames are transmitted at the same time as another transmitter, causing a “collision” of frames.

Link Status Status of the connection.

Table 11 Ethernet results (Continued)

Result Definition


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsPing results

Table 12 Ping results

Result Definition

Destination Network address (IP address or URL) to which the echo messages (that is, ping messages) will be sent. This should be within the provider network, but can also prove connectivity to the ISP (for example, www.earthlink.net) or to the internet.

Echos sent The number of ping messages sent.

Echos returned The number of echo reply messages returned to the HST-3000 from the des-tination.

Lost/Lost% The number of pings that did not return to the HST-3000. This could be caused by an unresponsive target (destination) or by heavy congestion on the network; the more packets lost the more con-gested the network, indicating slow or poor throughput.

Echos received The number of ping messages sent to the HST-3000 from other devices on the network.

Delay Current The time in milliseconds that it took the last transmitted ping to reach the desti-nation and receive a reply back to the HST-3000. This varies depending on the network and the traffic load on the network, but in general, pings taking longer than 500ms should be noted, and if persistent over several days, reported to network support engineers.

Delay Ave Delay average. The average time in milliseconds it has taken all transmitted pings to reach their destinations and receive replies back to the HST-3000.


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsTrace route results

Trace route resultsTable 13 describes the trace route results.

Delay Max The longest time in milliseconds it has taken any one transmitted ping to reach its destination and receive a reply back to the HST-3000.

Delay Min Delay minimum. The shortest time in milliseconds it has taken any one trans-mitted ping to reach its destination and receive a reply back to the HST-3000.

Message Any ICMP error and delay messages about the pings

Table 12 Ping results (Continued)

Result Definition

Table 13 Trace route results

Result Definition

Destination Network address (IP address or URL) to which the echo messages will be sent

State Current state of the trace

Active Whether there is a trace route currently active

Number of hops The number of points crossed from the source to the destination


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsATM general results

ATM general resultsADSL, by definition, transports data over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) instead of traditional TDM circuits. To assist in troubleshooting ADSL network connections, the HST-3000 provides a number of different ATM statistics (these are useful if IP pings don't work, but ATM cells are still being sent and received).

Table 14 describes the test results for the general ATM cate-gory.

Table 14 ATM general results

Result Definition

TX cells Transmitted ATM cells.

TX AAL5 Frames Transmitted ATM Adaptation Layer 5 Cells. Since ATM can carry different types of user data (such as web pages or voice), ATM layers are defined to carry the different types of data effectively. For normal, non-time sensitive data, such as e-mail and user files, AAL5 is used.

TX Dropped Cells Transmitted dropped cells. The ATM net-work will discard or “drop” erred cells which must then be retransmitted (this is done automatically). The HST-3000 counts the number of ATM cells and how many were dropped, giving an indication of service quality.

RX Cells Total received ATM cell count.

RX AAL5 Frames Total received ATM Adaptation Layer 5 frames. Multiple ATM cells are grouped together in frames to carry large amounts of user data over the network.

RX CRC Errors Total number of ATM cells received by the HST-3000, which had CRC (cyclical redundancy check) errors.


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsATM OAM results

ATM OAM resultsWhile a number of different test cells are identified to help in the administration and maintenance of ATM networks, the HST-3000 supports the F5 loopback function to verify ATM level connectivity (analogous to IP ping, but F5 is only for ATM; IP ping does not apply to ATM and there is officially no such thing as an “ATM ping”). Table 15 on page 56 describes the ATM OAM results.

RX AAL5 Length Errors

Total number of ATM AAL5 frames received by the HST-3000, which were too short or too long due to errors.

RX AAL5 Aborts Total number of ATM AAL5 frames which were lost or dropped due to excessive errors.

Last Unknown VPI/VCI

Last unknown virtual path indicator (VPI) and virtual channel indicator (VCI). ATM user data must be correctly routed to its destination, which is accomplished by designating a VPI and VCI (both are required). ADSL user data also requires a VPI and VCI, which if incorrect prevents the user from accessing the network. To assist the connection process, the HST-3000 identifies the VPI and VCI of the last ATM cells coming over the ADSL link, helping you to set the correct VPI and VCI.

Table 14 ATM general results (Continued)

Result Definition


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsATM channel results

ATM channel resultsAn ATM circuit consists of virtual paths which contain virtual circuits that carry user data. ATM channel statistics are the cells and errors from the current virtual circuit via which the

Table 15 ATM OAM results

Result Definition

Sent The number of ATM F5 Loopback requests transmitted by the HST-3000.

Returned The number of F5 loop back requests that returned to the HST-3000. This should equal the number sent.

Lost The number of F5 Loop back requests that do not return within five seconds.

Received The number of external F5 loop back requests sent to the HST-3000 from other locations on the ATM network.

Uncorrelated The number of F5 loop back replies which cannot be correlated to a particular location or device on the ATM network or segment.

Delay Max Delay maximum. The longest time in milli-seconds that it took an HST-3000 F5 loop back request to return to the HST-3000.

Delay Min Delay minimum. The shortest time in milli-seconds that it took an HST-3000 F5 loop back request to return to the HST-3000.

Delay Last The time in milliseconds that it took the last transmitted F5 Loop back request to return to the HST-3000.

Delay Ave Delay average. The average time in milli-seconds of all the transmitted F5 Loop back requests to return to the HST-3000.


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsATM channel results

HST-3000 is connected to the access network (after ADSL synchronization is achieved). Table 16 describes the test results for the identity category.

Table 16 ATM channel results

Result Definition

VPI/VCI The virtual path indicator and virtual circuit indicator used by the HST-3000 to connect to the network (this should match the cus-tomer's modem settings; if unsure, check with a co-worker or supervisor. Most cus-tomer ADSL modem settings for the VPI/VCI will be identical in a geographical area (not to be confused with the customer's DSLAM WAN [network] VPI/VCI settings; ask a supervisor).

TX cells Total count of transmitted cells on the channel.

TX AAL5 Frames Transmitted ATM Adaptation Layer 5 Cells. Since ATM can carry different types of user data (such as web pages or voice), ATM layers are defined to carry the differ-ent types of data effectively. For normal, non-time sensitive data, such as e-mail and user files, AAL5 is used.

TX Dropped Cells

Transmitted dropped cells. The ATM net-work will discard or “drop” erred cells which must then be retransmitted (this is done automatically). The HST-3000 counts the number of ATM cells and how many were dropped, giving an indication of ser-vice quality.

RX Cells Total received ATM cell count.

RX AAL5 Frames Total received ATM Adaptation Layer 5 frames. Multiple ATM cells are grouped together in frames to carry large amounts of user data over the network.


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsATM BERT results

ATM BERT resultsTable 17 describes the ATM BERT results.

RX CRC Errors Total number of ATM cells received by the HST-3000, which had CRC (cyclical redundancy check) errors.

RX AAL5 Length Errors

Total number of ATM AAL5 frames received by the HST-3000, which were too short or too long due to errors.

RX AAL5 Aborts Total number of ATM AAL5 frames which were lost or dropped due to excessive errors.

Table 16 ATM channel results (Continued)

Result Definition

Table 17 ATM BERT results

Result Description

Tx State Current state of the transmit path.

RX state Current state of the receive path.

Bit Errors Number of received bits with a value oppo-site that of the corresponding transmitted bits, after pattern synchronization has been achieved.

BER Bit Error Rate. Ratio of bit errors to received pattern data bits

ES Errored Seconds. Number of seconds during which one or more bit errors occurred since initial pattern synchronization

%ES Percent Errored Seconds. Ratio of seconds during which pattern bit errors were detected, to the total number of seconds while pattern synchronization is present.


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsFTP results

FTP resultsTable 19 describes the FTP results.

Sync Lost Number of times loss of synchronization occurred.

Injected Errors Number of injected errors transmitted.

Table 17 ATM BERT results (Continued)

Result Description

Table 18 FTP results

Result Description

Transfer Count The number of times the file was transferred.

Upload Rate The speed that the file was uploaded.

Download Rate

The speed that the file was downloaded.

Total Time The total time it took for the entire transfer, from beginning to end.

Pretransfer Time

The number of seconds of processing elapsed before the transfer began.

Name Lookup Time

The number of seconds it took to lookup the name.

Start Time The time that the transfer began.

Redirect count The number of times the file was redirected.

Message Status message.


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsPerformance results

Performance resultsTable 19 describes the ADSL link performance results.

Table 19 ADSL performance results

Result Description

Actual Rate Actual upstream and downstream data rate

Max Rate Maximum upstream and downstream data rate

Capacity The percentage of total bandwidth currently used by the actual connect rate upstream and downstream.

Noise Margin The dB value ratio of signal strength to noise for upstream and downstream. This result represents how many more dB of noise the connection can tolerate and still maintain a bet error rate of 10-7.

Attenuation The degradation of signal strength in dB upstream and downstream. It is the differ-ence in Tx power from the transmitter to receiver.

Connect Mthd The connection method. ADSL can trans-port data using either a “fast” or an “inter-leaved” connection method. The interleaved method provides more protec-tion from errors and is more reliable, but also introduces some delay (latency). Most operators deliver residential ADSL using the “fast” method which does not protect data quite as well. This method is set by the DSLAM

Training Time The number of seconds it took the HST-3000 to synchronize with the DSLAM.


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsSignal results

Signal resultsThese parameters provide more information about the ADSL link. Table 20 describes the signal results.

Num Syncs The number of synchronization attempts. it is possible that modems do not synchronize immediately and make multiple attempts before achieving synchronization.

Table 19 ADSL performance results (Continued)

Result Description

Table 20 ADSL signal results

Result Description

Noise Margin (NM) The dB value ratio of signal strength to noise for upstream and downstream. This result represents how many more dB of noise or reduction of transmit sig-nal the connection can tolerate and still maintain a bet error rate of 10-7.

Coding Gain A dB value representing the improve-ment in signal transmission due to trellis/RS coding.

NM-Coding Gain A dB value representing the noise mar-gin that would be present on the connec-tion without coding gain.

TX Power Power level, in dB, of the ADSL signal, downstream (from the DSLAM) and upstream (transmitted by the HST-3000).

Attenuation The degradation of signal strength in dB upstream and downstream. It is the dif-ference in Tx power from the transmitter to receiver.


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsGraphs

GraphsThe graphs provide a graphical representation of the bits per tone (BPT). It is available in standard range and extended range. Figure 2 shows an example of the standard range BPT graph.

Intl Depth Interleaving depth set by the DSLAM. This is a measure of latency introduced on the ADSL link due to the scrambling of ADSL frames to protect data and cre-ate a more reliable link.

Modem state Current state of the modem.

Estimated Length Estimated loop length.1

1. The estimated loop length is a rough estimated based on attenuation. For a more accurate measure of loop length, use the TDR in Copper mode.

Table 20 ADSL signal results (Continued)

Result Description

Figure 2 BPT graph


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsIdentity results

Identity resultsThis category provides the HST-3000 modem firmware revi-sion information, and the following information from the DSLAM (when synchronized). Table 21 describes the identity results.

Video resultsIf you have a selection for Video, these results relate to the optional IP Video testing feature. See the IP Video Testing User’s Guide for more information.

Table 21 Identity results

Result Description

Modem Firmware The ID of the internal modem

Modem Revision The firmware rev of the internal modem

Far vendor ID The ID of the far end modem

Far vendor rev The firmware rev of the far end DSLAM

Far vendor name The name of the DSLAM (drawn from the DSLAM)


Chapter 3 Interpreting Test ResultsVideo results


Chapter 4 Troubleshooting

4
This chapter describes how to identify and correct problems related to the HST-3000. Topics discussed in this chapter include the following:
– “Interpreting messages” on page 66– “Resolving problems” on page 69


Chapter 4 TroubleshootingInterpreting messages

Interpreting messagesThe HST-3000 provides error messages when it is unable to complete a command. This information enables you to solve simple problems that may be a result of data input. Each message is listed in Table 22, along with a message descrip-tion and suggested corrective action, if applicable.

Table 22 Error messages

Message Description Action

NO ATM SYNC The ADSL link is not active, or the unit cannot achieve ATM sync with the ATU-C

Verify ADSL link and check ATM settings

INVALID CONFIG The IP parameters are configured to an invalid setting.

Adjust the IP parameters.

DHCP FAILED The DHCP process failed to receive an IP address.

Wait until the attempt succeeds. The HST-3000 will keep trying until it receives an IP address from the DHCP server.

PPP LCP FAILED The unit encountered a failure in the LCP stage of PPP negotiation.

Check the encapsulation scheme and the VPI/VCI addresses.

PPP AUTH FAILED

The HST-3000 failed the authentication stage of PPP negotiation.

Check the user name and pass-word.

PPP IPCP FAILED The unit encountered a failure in the IPCP stage of PPP negotiation.

Check to be sure the addresses between both clients match.

PPPoE FAILED The unit failed to find a compatible PPPoE server on the Ethernet network.

Wait until the attempt succeeds. The HST-3000 will keep trying until it finds a compatible server on the network.



SHOWTIME-LOS The connection was dropped because the threshold of uncorrected errors has been passed.

Resync and check for disturb-ers.

SHOWTIME-SNR The connection was dropped because the line quality dropped below the allowable threshold.

Resync and check for disturb-ers.

DOH-LINE BUSY The connection was dropped because all ports on the DSLAM are busy and the LIM sent out a signal telling the customer premise equipment that the line is busy. (Only applicable in CAP mode.)

Wait until a line becomes avail-able.

DNS SRVR NOT RESP

The domain name server did not respond to the lookup request.

Verify DNS address.

DNS RECUR-SION N/A

The domain name server does not support recur-sion.

Try a different DNS address.

DNS NAME NON-EXIST

The domain name server reports that the name or domain does not exist.

Verify the destination name.

DNS UNKNOWN Received an unknown message from the DNS address.

Try a different DNS address.

NETWORK UNREACH

The unit was unable to connect to the specified address.

Check the destination address or name.

HOST UNREACH-ABLE

The unit was unable to reach the specified host.


Table 22 Error messages (Continued)




PROTOCOL UNREACH

The unit was unable to verify protocol informa-tion.

Verify protocol information.

PORT UNREACH-ABLE

The port numbers are conflicting.

Try a different IP address.

FRAGMENT NEEDED

The user data provided is too long.

Shorten the user data.

ROUTE FAILED No route exists for the ping destination.


TTL EXC TRAN-SIT

The ping was routed too many times before reach-ing the destination.


TTL EXC REAS-SMBLY

The ping had to be recre-ated too many times before reaching the desti-nation.


TTL EXC FRAG-MENT

The IP fragment was routed too many times.


NETWORK PRO-HIBITED

Could not reach destina-tion. Communication with the destination network is administratively prohib-ited.

Try a different destination.

HOST PROHIB-ITED

Could not reach destina-tion. Communication with the destination host is administratively prohib-ited.


TOS NOT SUPP NET

The type of service is not supported on the network.


TOS NOT SUPP HOST

The type of service is not supported on the host.





Chapter 4 TroubleshootingResolving problems

Resolving problemsIf you are having trouble with the HST-3000, the following sections describe common problems and solutions. You should verify whether your problem is listed here before contacting technical assistance.

Operating theunit

The following section addresses questions that may be asked about operating and performing basic functions with the HST-3000.

Issue

I cannot print out statistics.

Resolution

Verify that the printer cable is connected correctly.

Verify that your terminal program is configured and working correctly.

HOST UNKNOWN The unit was unable to find the specified host.


NETWORK UNKNOWN

The unit was unable to find the specified network.


NETWORK UNREACHABLE

Could not reach destina-tion. The destination net-work does not accept the type of service.


ARP HOST UNREACHABLE

The device could not resolve the IP address with Ethernet protocol.

Examine the configurations.





Verify your printer is working properly.

Issue

The microphone does not work.

Resolution

Check the headset connection.

The headset is not used for ADSL testing (only used for POTS and VoIP calls).

Performingtests

The following section addresses questions that may be asked about completing tests with the HST-3000. There are two sections included:

– General– ADSL tests

General testproblems

The following section addresses questions about testing in general.

Issue

Inconsistent test results.

Resolution

Verify that your test leads are good and are connected prop-erly for the test you are performing.

ADSL testproblems

The following section addresses questions about ADSL testing.

Issue

The modem cannot achieve sync with the CO.



Resolution

Inability to sync can have many causes. Perform the following steps to troubleshoot:

– Disconnect the customer's ADSL modem.– Verify tester connection to the correct pair.– Verify that the ADSL standard is correct (T1.413, G.DMT,

G.Lite, or CAP).– Isolate premise wiring.– Check for premise alarm system.– Verify the copper pair is provisioned for ADSL at the CO.– Test at the CO/Exchange on the customer pair.– Check the DSLAM modem vendor and software version.

Issue

The modem gets sync with the CO, but the rate is lower than expected.

Resolution

Verify that you are on an ADSL2 or ADSL2+ line.

Check the bits/tone and the SNR/tone for areas of the spec-trum with low throughput. This could be caused by bridged taps, cable crosstalk, or AM radio.

Use the HST-3000 to check physical conditions: DVOM, balance, opens, and use the TDR to check for bridged taps.

Check the DSLAM configuration - the max rate may be limited there.

Check for premise alarm system on the same pair.

Avoid excessive loop length or high attenuation.

Make sure that you are connected on pins 3 and 4 instead of 2 and 5.



Verify the noise margin.

Issue

In through mode, I’m connected to the Ethernet connector, but I’m not getting a data connection (green LED on the Ethernet connector is on, but the yellow LED is not).

Resolution

Go to the LAN Settings screen and check the Media Type. If it’s set to Auto, change it to match the specific LAN speed and duplex type that you are using.

Issue

The ping menu says pings are being sent, but the network statistics are not incrementing.

Resolution

The ping function only attempts to send a ping every second. Depending on certain conditions, a physical ping packet may not be sent.

Check that the unit has not lost sync.

If the Ethernet protocol (not interface protocol) is being used, the device has to ARP the address first. If this fails eventually you will see a ARP HOST UNREACHABLE message. Check to see that the destination IP address and our configured IP parameters are correct.

If the Ethernet interface is being used, make sure that the cabling is correct. If the Ethernet cable is not hooked up, or is hooked up incorrectly, a packet will not be sent. Thus the Ethernet statistics will not increment.

Check the Ethernet link light on the HST-3000 Ethernet jack. It should be green.



Issue

The ping menu says pings are being sent, but the number of replies doesn’t match the pings sent.

Resolution

Check the TX ATM PCR value on the Data settings screen. If the PCR is set too low, ping replies will be lost. This is because the “number of pings” selection (on the Ping settings) is defined as the number of pings per second and the PCR value is set as cells per second. Thus, if you are sending more pings than the PCR allows, you will not receive ping replies.

To resolve this, do one of the following:

– Set the number of pings to 1– Set the PCR to 1000 or unlimited.

Issue

The ATM total statistics are incrementing but the channel stats are not incrementing.

Resolution

Reconfigure the interface to match the VPI/VCI given in the VPI/VCI of Last Unknown Cell statistic.

Issue

The ATM channel statistics indicate that I am receiving frames but I did not get a green Data LED and pings are not working.

Resolution

Check the encapsulation and the mode. The wrong protocol may be in use.

Issue

I have a PPPoA service and I get a PPP TIMEOUT message



Resolution

Verify that the VPI-VCI is correct.

Verify that the encapsulation is correct.

Verify that the addressing mode is set correctly (IPCP/Static).

Verify that the username and password are correct.

Issue

I have a PPPoE connection and I get a PPPoE FAILED message.

Resolution



Verify that the addressing mode is correct.

Verify that the user name and password are correct (including case)

Issue

I have a Bridged Ethernet connection and I get a DCHP FAILED message.

Resolution



Verify that the DHCP server isn't out of addresses. (Contact your IT department or help desk.)

Issue

I get an INVALID CONFIG message.



Resolution

Verify that a valid IP address is being used (examples of invalid IP addresses would be *.*.*.0 or 127.*.*.* or 10.0.0.1 or 192.168.0.0).

Verify that the IP address and gateway are on the same network as defined by the netmask.

Check the netmasks if Ethernet IP = DSL IP. The netmasks must be different.

Verify that the Netmask is not set to 0.0.0.0.

Issue

I have a green Data LED, but pings are not working.

Resolution

A green Data LED does not guarantee a ping (or any routed/bridged packet) will be treated properly once it leaves the unit. In an Ethernet bridged or IP over ATM environment with static addressing, there is no initial communication with the far end, so as soon as ATM sync occurs the interface is deemed active to pass user data.

Make sure that the VPI and VCI is correct.

Make sure that the encapsulation is correct.

Try pinging a different host.

Make sure the DNS server is active with another PC.

Set the PING packet size smaller.

Make sure the HST Data mode is set correctly for the type of circuit under test (such as PPPoE versus IPoE).

Make sure you are not behind a firewall; they can block ping responses from reaching the host.



Check to see if the connection is unnumbered. If it is, verify that the connection is configured correctly.

View the Results>Data>Ping menu. It can often give important clues as to why the ping is not successful.

Issue

I get a message that is not listed when I am performing tests.

Resolution

You may receive an unspecified or unknown error message while you are testing ADSL lines. This is because of the many different possible types of ADSL modem errors. If you receive one of these messages, try the following:

Try to resync with the line.

Check the configuration of the HST-3000.

Check the configuration of the DSLAM.


Glossary

A

Actual Down Rate — Bearer channel rate downstream.

Actual Up Rate — Bearer channel rate upstream.

ADSL — Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. A digital subscriber line (DSL) tech-nology in which the transmission of data from server to client is much faster than the transmis-sion from the client to the server. The difference in ADSL1 vs. ADSL2/2+ is the standard that defines them:• ADSL1: ITU G.992.2.• ADSL2: ITU G.992.3 and .4.• ADSL2+: ITU G.992.5.

ADSLAM — Advanced Digital Subscriber Line Access Multi-plexer. Concentrates and multi-plexes signals at the telephone service provider location to the broader wide area network.

ATM — Asynchronous Transfer Mode. A cell-based data transfer technique in which channel demand determines packet allo-cation. ATM offers fast packet technology, real time, demand lead switching for efficient use of network resources.

Auto-Negotiation — Proce-dure for adjusting line speeds and other communication parameters automatically between two computers during data transfer.


Glossary

B

BER — Bit Error Rate.

Bit error — Received bits with a value opposite that of the corre-sponding transmitted bits. Also called a test sequence error (TSE).

Bits per tone — This measure-ment and display allows anal-ysis of the bits assigned per DMT tone (256 tones). By looking for any significant dips, that is, an average number across all tones is present but for a few the number is zero or much longer, the presence of AC interference can be identi-fied.

Bps — Bits per second.

C

CAP — Carrierless Amplitude Phase. A line coding used for ADSL.

CO — Central Office.

Cell — A fixed length unit of information. Most other data units can vary in length, but a cell is fixed in size. This helps cut down on network delays and variations in the delay through a network.

Crosstalk — The interference caused by signals on adjacent circuits in a network.

CPE — Customer Premise Equipment. Devices or equip-ment that the customer provides to interface with the telco.

D

Delay — A contributing measure of the carrying capacity of a link. Delay indicates how long it takes bits to find their way through a network.

Digital — Having only discrete values, such as 0 or 1.

DMT — Discrete Multi-Tone. A line coding used for ADSL.

Downstream Rate — The line rate for return messages or data transfers from the network machine to the user's customer's premise machine.

DSL — Digital Subscriber Line. A generic name for a family of standards allowing high-speed data transfer over telephone lines.

DSLAM — Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer.

DSU/CSU — Data Service Unit/Channel Service Unit -The inter-face device required to change one form of digital signal to another.


Glossary

DTMF — Dual Tone Multi-Frequency. A voice-band tone-based method of signaling.

E

Echo — The reflecting of a signal back to its source due to a variety of reasons.

Encapsulation — The tech-nique used by layered protocols in which a layer adds header information to the protocol data unit (PDU) from the layer above.

Ethernet — A local area network (LAN) wiring scheme. You can use the HST-3000 to emulate Ethernet terminal equipment to test connectivity.

G

Gateway — A system which does translation from some native format to another.

G.Lite — A lower-speed cousin of ADSL. It offers the advantage of being an ITU standard.

I

ICMP — Internet Configuration Message Protocol. The protocol used to handle errors and control messages at the IP layer. ICMP is actually part of the IP protocol.

Internet Protocol (IP) — The network layer protocol for the Internet protocol suite.

IP Address — The 32-bit address assigned to hosts that want to participate in a TCP/IP Internet.

L

L2 — Low power mode where the transceiver modifies power based on traffic.

L3 — Low power mode where each end enters sleep mode when the connection is not being used for extended periods.

LAN — Local Area Network. A limited distance (typically under a few kilometers or a couple of miles) high-speed network (typi-cally 4 to 100 Mbps) that supports many computers.

LED — Light Emitting Diode. The lights indicating status or activity on electronic equipment.

LiIon — Lithium Ion. A type of rechargeable battery.

Line Quality — Equivalent to SNR. It is called this to be equiv-alent with the Cisco modem.

Line Rate — The speed by which data is transferred over a particular line type, express in bits per second (bps).


Glossary

Local Gain — Receiver gain in the downstream direction in dB. Note that this can be (and often is) negative.

Local Transmit Power —Transmit power in dBm in the upstream direction. Note that this can be (and often is) nega-tive.

Loopback — A diagnostic test that returns the transmitted signal back to the sending device after is has passed through a network or across a particular link. The returned signal can then be compared to the transmitted one. The discrepancy between the two help to trace the fault.

M

Modem Pooling — The ability of a service provider to dynami-cally switch users' messages between modems, rather than requiring a modem to be dedi-cated to a particular user on a network.

Modem Redundancy — When backup modems are immedi-ately available should a modem facilitating communication fail.

N

NAT — Network Address Trans-lation

Network Interface Device —The demarcation point where the public network ends and the private network within a home or office begins. All wiring and user devices inside the premises (such as a modem) are controlled and operated by the owner.

P

PAP — Password Authentica-tion Protocol.

Physical Layer — Handles transmission of raw bits over a communication channel. The physical layer deals with mechanical, electrical, and procedural interfaces.

Physical Port — A physical or logical connection to a computer or test instrument through which data flows. An Ethernet port, for example, is where Ethernet network cabling plugs into a computer.

PPP — Point-To-Point-Protocol. The successor to SLIP, PPP provides router-to-router and host-to-network connections over both synchronous and asynchronous circuits.


Glossary

R

Reed-Solomon Corrected Errors — Bit errors that were corrected by the Reed-Solomon coding.

Reed-Solomon Uncorrected Errors — Bit errors that were not corrected by the Reed-Solomon coding.

Remote Address — The IP address of a remote server.

Remote Gain — Receiver gain in the upstream direction in dB. Note that this can be negative but usually isn’t.

Remote Server — A network computer that allows a user to log onto the network from a distant location.

Remote Transmit Power —Transmit power in dBm in the downstream direction. Note that this can be (and often is) nega-tive.

RHNC — Relative humidity non-condensing.

Route — The path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. The route a data-gram may follow can include many gateways and many phys-ical networks.

RS-232 — An EIA standard which is the most common way of linking data devices together.

S

Splitter — A device used in ADSL to allow users to continue to use their analog telephones while at the same time accessing the Internet and Web for digital information.

SRA — Seamless rate adapta-tion. ADSL2 feature enabling the system to change data rate while in operation without any service interruption or bit errors.

Sync Bits — Synchronizing bits (more properly bytes or charac-ters) used in synchronous trans-mission to maintain synchronization between trans-mitter and receiver.

Syncs — Number of times the unit has trained.

T

TCP/IP — Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. The official protocol of the Internet and Web.

Terminate Mode — The HST-3000 is connected to the customer premise site of the DSLAM without a PC. You can then use the HST-3000 to ping.


Glossary

Through Mode — The HST-3000 is connected with a PC and is serving as the customer modem.

U

Upstream Rate — The line rate for message or data transfer from the source machine to a destination machine on the network.

V

VCI — Virtual channel identifier. A unique numerical tag as defined by a 16 bit field in the

ATM cell header that identifies a virtual channel, over which the cell is to travel.

VPI — Virtual path identifier. An eight bit field in the ATM cell header which indicates the virtual path over which the cell should be routed.

W

WAN — Wide Area Network. A data communications network that spans any distance and is usually provided by a public carrier.


Index

AActual Down Rate 77Actual Up Rate 77ADSL

Accessing features 8defined 77results 46testing overview 2through mode 2

ADSLAM 77ATM BERT

setting parameters 18–19test 26–27

ATM resultschannel 56general 54OAM 55

BBase unit user’s guide xiBits per tone 37, 78

CCable, ethernet 30

CAP 78Capabilities 2Conventions xiiiCrosstalk 71, 78

DData errors 49Data parameters, setting 14, 14–15Defaults, restoring modem parameters 10Delay 78Deleting a test configuration 42DHCP server 66, 74Disturbers, finding 37DMT 78Documentation

ADSL testing user’s guide xibase unit user’s guide xi

Downstream Rate 78DSL 78DSLAM

defined 78troubleshooting 14, 71


Index

EEmulation, ADSL modem 9Encapsulation 79Error results 48Ethernet

defined 79results 50TE testing 27

Event log 49

FF5 loopbacks 24Features 2Finding disturbers 37FTP, setting parameters 21

GG.Lite 79Gateway 75, 79Graphical results

description 62finding disturbers 37saving 40

IIdentity results 63Interference

See also Finding disturbersInterpreting messages 66IP address

defined 79releasing IP addresses 25troubleshooting 66, 72, 75

IP results 49

LLAN

defined 79setting parameters 29, 33

LED 79LiIon 79Line Quality 79Line Rate 79Loading a test configuration 42

MManaging test configurations

deleting 42loading 42overwriting 42storing 41

Messages, interpreting 66Modem emulate mode 2Modem emulation testing 9Modem parameters

restoring defaults 10setting 10–12

Modem Pooling 80Modem Redundancy 80Modes 2

NNAT 80Network interface device 80Network mask 75Noise margin 23, 72Noise sources 39

OOverwriting test configuration 42

PPAP 80Password See PPP


Index

Performance results 58, 60Physical layer

defined 80testing 23

Pingperforming 25results 51setting parameters 16troubleshooting 72–76

PPPdefined 80password 66, 74troubleshooting 66

PPP, setting parameters 17–18

RResolving problems 69Results

ADSL 46ATM channel 56ATM general 54ATM OAM 55data errors 49error 48event log 49graphs 62IP 49performance 58, 60ping 51signal 61summary 46troubleshooting 70

RS Corrected Errors 81RS Uncorrected Errors 81

SSealing current terminator 5Seamless rate adaptation 81Serial number, locating 69Server, DHCP 66, 74Signal results 61SNR 71SRA See Seamless rate adaptation

StatisticsSee also Resultsprinting 69troubleshooting 72, 73

Storing test configurations 41Summary results 46Sync

bits 81physical layer 23troubleshooting 66, 70, 71

TTerminate mode 81Test configurations 40–43

deleting 42loading 42overwriting 42storing 41

TestingADSL through mode 32emulating an ADSL modem 9Ethernet TE mode 27managing configurations 40–43physical layer 23

Through modeADSL testing 32

ThroughputSee FTP

Tones, noise sources 39Trace route, setting parameters 19–20Train(ing) See syncTroubleshooting 69

ADSL tests 70general 70operation 69tests 70

UUpstream Rate 82User documentation

ADSL testing user’s guide xibase unit user’s guide xi


Index

VVCI

defined 82setting 14troubleshooting 66, 73, 74

Virtual channel indicator 15Virtual path indicator 15VPI

defined 82setting 14troubleshooting 66, 73, 74

WWAN

defined 82setting parameters 13, 34


Worldwide Headquarters

Regional Sales Headquarters

12410 Milestone Center Dr.Germantown, Maryland20876-7100USA

Acterna is present in more than 80 countries. To find your local sales office go to:www.acterna.com

North America12410 Milestone Center Dr.Germantown, Maryland20876-7100USAToll Free: 1 800 638 2049Tel: +1 240 404 2999Fax:+1 240 404 2195

Latin AmericaActerna do Brasil Ltda.Av. Eng. Luis Carlos Berrini936 9th Floor04571-000 São PauloSP-BrazilTel: +55 11 5503 3800Fax:+55 11 5505 1598

Asia PacificActerna Hong Kong Ltd.Room 902, 9th FloorBank of East AsiaHarbour View CentreWanchai, Hong KongTel: +852 2892 0990Fax:+852 2892 0770

Western EuropeArbachtalstrasse 672800 Eningen u.A.GermanyTel: +49 7121 86 2222Fax:+49 7121 86 1222

Eastern Europe, Middle East & AfricaAredstrasse 16-18A-2544 LeobersdorfAustriaTel: +43 2256 65610Fax: +43 2256 65610 22

Prospect Mira 26, stroenie 5129090 MoscowRussiaTel: +7 (095) 937 88 04 Fax:+7 095 775 26 05

Acterna, Communica-tions Test and Manage-ment Solutions, and its logo are trademarks of Acterna, LLC. All other trademarks and regis-tered trademarks are the property of their respec-tive owners. Major Acterna operations sites are ISO 9001 registered.

Note: Specifications, terms and conditions are subject to change without notice.

HST-000-598-01Revision B, 10/2005English

Documents

Hst3000 adsl2 manual_rev b