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8/2/2019 HSDPA Technology Training_slides
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 1
High Speed Downlink Packet Access(HSDPA)
Reiner Stuhlfauth
Training Centre, Rohde & Schwarz
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 2
Motivation:
Release 99 Capabilities for Downlink Packet DataFocus of HSDPA
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 3
Motivation
Release 99 Capabilities for Downlink Packet Data
WCDMA release 99 supports:
Quality of service Multimedia services
Peak data rates of up to (theoretically) 2 Mbps
10 ms frame size
Packet data transmission via
Dedicated channels
RACH/FACH channels
Downlink shared channel (DSCH) Notimplemented
in products
Only for small
packets
Limited
efficiency
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 4
Motivation
Release 99 Functional Split
Drift
RNC
ServingRNC
MSC
SGSN
RNC = Radio Network Controller
SGSN = Serving GPRS Support Node
MSC = Mobile Switching Center
IubIur Iu
Fast power control
Overload control
Admission control
Initial power and SIR setting Radio resource reservation
Air interface scheduling for common channels
Downlink code allocation
Overload control
Mapping RAB QoS parameters into air interface
Air interface scheduling for dedicated channels
Handover control
Outer loop power control and power balancing
Radio network topology
hidden to core network
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 5
Motivation
Focus of HSDPA
HSDPA is a 3GPP release 5 feature for UMTS FDD/TDD.
Main focus: Enhancements for downlink packet data
Background Services
email delivery, file download, telematics Interactive Services
web browsing, data base retrieval, server access
Streaming Services
audio/video streaming
Mobility: 0-30 km/h (pedestrian low speed vehicular)
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 6
Motivation
Reduced Costs and Higher Revenue
Attract new subscribers
due to new servicesDecreased costs per bit
for the operator
Downlink peak
data rates
up to 14 Mbit/s
Increased cell anduser throughput
Reduced delay
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 7
Technology Overview:
Key FeaturesImpact on Radio Access Network Architecture
Principle
Channel Structure
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 8
Technology Overview
Key Features of HSDPA (I)
Shared Channel transmission:
Channelization codes and transmission power in a cellare dynamically shared between users.
A new transport channel High Speed Downlink SharedChannel (HS-DSCH) is introduced.
Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC):
Adaptation of transmission parameters to radioconditions and terminal capability
Modulation schemes:
16-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation): UE capability
QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying): mandatory for UE
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 9
HSDPA modulation, QPSK + 16 QAM
Quadratur Phase Shift Keying
Qt
I
Q
Quadratur
component
Inphase
component
Q(t)
I(t)
It
Q
I
16-QAM
16 Quadratur Amplitude Modulation
1 modulation symbol = 2 bits1 modulation symbol = 4 bits
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 10
Technology Overview
Key Features of HSDPA (II)Hybrid automatic-repeat-request (HARQ)
Improving robustness against link adaptation errors
UE rapidly requests retransmissions of erroneously receveived data
UE can combine information from the original transmission with that oflater retransmissions (Soft Combining)
Fast scheduling in the Node B instead of RNC
Moving scheduling and processing of retransmissions closer to airinterface
New MAC-hs (Medium Access Control high speed) protocol entity inthe Node B
Short transmission time interval of 2ms
Accelerating packet scheduling for transmission
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 11
HSDPA: Capacity aspects
+= NS
TBC 1log 2
Capacity aspects:
How does HSDPA increase the capacity per user?
1.) Possibility of code combination
2.) Introduction of 16-QAM modulation scheme
3.) Permission of link adaption -> dynamic channel coding
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 12
Technology Overview
Impact on Radio Access Network ArchitectureCore Network
Radio Network Controller (RNC)
Node B:
Scheduling, Adaptive
modulation/coding, HARQ
Node B:
Scheduling, Adaptive
modulation/coding, HARQ
UTRAN
UE
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 13
Technology Overview
Principle Node B:
HS-DPCCH:
ChannelQua
lity(CQI)
PacketAC
K/NACK
HS-(P)DSCH User Data
HS-SCCH Scheduling Information
Generation ofScheduling Information
for the User Databased on User Feedback
HS-DPC
CH
Chann
elQualit
y(CQI)
Pack
et ACK
/NACK
UE1UE2
High Speed
Shared ControlChannel
High Speed Dedicated
Physical Control Channel
High Speed
(Physical) Downlink
Shared Channel
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 15
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-(P)DSCHHigh Speed (Physical) Downlink Shared Channel
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 17
New Physical and Transport Channels
Structure of Downlink HS-PDSCH
Spreading Factor 16
Assignment of multiple channelization codes to one UE possible
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
Tslot = 2560 chips
320 bits for QPSK, 640 bits for 16QAM
1 subframe of 3 slots: 2 ms
HS-DSCH transport channel
with user data
HS-DSCH:
transport channel
HS-PDSCH:physical channel
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 18
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-PDSCH Code Allocation
SF=
1
SF=
2
SF=
4
SF=
8
SF=
16
SF=
32
SF=
64
SF=
128
SF=
256
2,0
2,1
4,0
8,016,0
32,0
64,0
128,0256,1
256,3
256,4
256,5
256,6
256,7
256,8
256,9
256,10
256,11
256,12256,13
256,14
256,15
16,15
16,1
16,2
16,3
16,4
16,5
16,6
16,7
16,8
16,9
16,10
16,11
16,12
16,13
16,14
8,1
8,2
8,3
8,4
8,5
8,6
8,7
4,1
4,2
4,3 256,249
256,250
256,251256,252
256,253
256,254
256,255
256,248
1,0
32,1
32,31
64,1
64,2
64,3
64,62
64,63
128,126
128,127
256,2
128,125
128,124
128,1
128,2
128,3
128,4
128,5
128,6
128,7
32,30
:
:
256,0All possible HS-PDSCH codes
Possible HS-SCCH codes (example)
CPICH
P-CCPCH
blocked
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 19
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-DSCH Coding Chain
CRC attachment to
each transport block
Code block segmentation
Channel Coding
Physical Layer Hybrid-ARQ
functionality
Bit Scrambling
PhCH#1 PhCH#P
Physical channel mapping
HS-DSCH Interleaving
Physical channelsegmentation
Constellation Re-arrangement for
16QAM
Data arrives to the coding unit in form of a maximum of
one transport block once every transmission time interval.
Turbo Coding Rate 1/3
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 20
New Physical and Transport Channels
Constellation Rearrangementb=0 b=1
b=2 b=3
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 21
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-DSCH Coding Chain: ExampleExample: Coding rate for Fixed reference Channel H-Set 1 (QPSK)
acc. to 3GPP TS 25.101:Equivalent to nom. average information bit rate
of 534 kbps (=3202 bits / 3 (Inter TTI) / 2ms)
CRC length = 24 bits for HS-DSCH
Code Rate = 0,67
(= 3202 information bits / 4800 binary channel bits per TTI)5 HS-PDSCHs
Rate matching to number of Soft
Channel Bits available for this
HARQ process (9600 bits)
Inf. Bit Payload
CRC Addition
Turbo-Encoding
(R=1/3)
3202
Code Block
Segmentation
1st Rate Matching 9600
Tail Bits129678
3226
CRC243202
Redundancy VersionSelection
4800
Physical Channel
Segmentation 960
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 22
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-SCCHHigh Speed Shared Control Channel (Downlink)
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 23
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-SCCH Usage
HS-DSCH
I would like to receive data
but I dont know where my
HS-DSCH resources are and
how they look like.
?
HS-SCCH
Read the 1st HS-SCCH slot
for HS-DSCH
channelization codes, UE-
identity and modulation
scheme.
Then, the 2nd and 3rd HS-SCCH
slot will tell you about
Transport block size information,
Hybrid-ARQ process information,
Redundancy/constellation version,
New data indicator.
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 24
New Physical and Transport Channels
Structure of Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
The HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physical channel
used to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH transmission
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
Tslot = 2560 chips
Data = 40 bits
1 subframe = 2 ms
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 25
New Physical and Transport Channels
Timing Relation between HS-SCCH and HS-PDSCH
Start of HS-SCCH subframe #0 is aligned with start of P-CCPCH frames.
The HS-PDSCH starts
HS-PDSCH = 2Tslot = 5120 chipsafter the start of the HS-SCCH.
HHSS--SSCCCCHH
HHSS--PPDDSSCCHH
3Tslot = 7680 chips
3Tslot 7680 chips
HS-DSCH sub-frame
EHS-PDSCH (2*Tslot = 5120 chips)
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 26
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-SCCH Contents
Channelization Code Set information (7 bits) Modulation scheme information (1 bit)
Transport block size information (6 bits)
Hybrid-ARQ process information (3 bits) Redundancy and constellation version (3 bits)
New data indicator (1 bit)
UE identity (16 bits) = H-RNTI
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 27
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-SCCH: Signalling of HS-PDSCH Code Allocation
Clustercode
Indicator(3
bits)
Tree offset indicator (4 bits)
0 (1/15)
1 (2/14)
2 (3/13)
3 (4/12)
4 (5/11)
5 (6/10)
6 (7/9)
7 (8/8)
0 10 11 12 13 14 151 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
P
Decoding notation
Number ofmulti-codes
Offset from
left/right in code
tree (SF=16)
1
1
21
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
1
2
22
3
2
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
1
3
23
3
3
4
3
5
3
6
3
7
3
1
4
24
3
4
4
4
5
4
6
4
7
4
1
5
25
3
5
4
5
5
5
6
5
7
5
1
6
26
3
6
4
6
5
6
6
6
7
6
1
7
27
3
7
4
7
5
7
6
7
7
7
1
8
28
3
8
4
8
5
8
6
8
7
8
7
9
8
8
1
9
29
3
9
4
9
5
9
6
9
6
10
9
7
8
7
1
10
210
3
10
4
10
5
10
5
11
10
6
9
6
8
6
1
11
211
3
11
4
11
4
12
11
5
10
5
9
5
8
5
1
12
212
3
12
3
13
12
4
11
4
10
4
9
4
8
4
1
13
213
214
13
3
12
3
11
3
10
3
9
3
8
3
1
14
1
15
142
13
2
12
2
11
2
10
2
9
2
8
2
15
1
141
13
1
12
1
11
1
10
1
9
1
8
1Redundant area
SF=16
Code 0 is
reserved for
commonchannels
Code offset 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
P=5O=7
code group indicator:
xccs,1, xccs,2, xccs,3 = min(P-1,15-P)
code offset indicator:
xccs,4, xccs,5, xccs,6, xccs,7 = |O-1-P/8 *15|
A cluster of codescan be allocated to a UE:
C ch,16,O C ch,16, O+P-1
Signalled on HS-SCCH ->
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 28
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-SCCH: Signalling of Transport Block Size
............
65541731430881613
64381721405871492
63241711380861371
TB SizeIndexTB SizeIndexTB SizeIndex
The Transport Block Size used on HS-DSCH is not signalled explicitly on HS-SCCH
Instead, a Transport Block Size Index ki is signalled which indicates the transport block size:
4
7943
6332
4021
11QPSK0
Number ofchannelization
codes
Modulationscheme
Combination i
ik ,0
Table according to 3GPP TS 25.321, extract from QPSK section
First step:
Modulation scheme and number of
channelization codes as signalled
on HS-SCCH determine value k0,i
Second step:Index kt = ki + k0,i determines
HS-DSCH transport block size
Table according to 3GPP TS 25.321, 254 entries in total
kt = ki + k0,i
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 29
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-SCCH: Signalling of Transport Block Size
Transportation Block Size
Minimum137 bits
Maximum25558 bits
Possible transportation block
Sizes complying with
the modulation scheme and number of
HS-PDSCHs
Begin depends on
Parameters: Modulationscheme and number of HS-
PDSCHs
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 30
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-SCCH Coding Chain
Ch a n n e l
Co d in g 1
Ratematching 1
m u x m u x
Ch a n n e l
Co d in g 2
Ratem a tch in g 2
R Vcoding
UE specificC R C
A tta chm ent
UE specificm a skin g
PhysicalCh a n n e lMa p p in g
HS-SCCH
r s b
Channelization
Code SetModulation
SchemeTransport Block
Size Information
HARQ Process
InformationRedundancy and
Constellation Version
New Data Indicator
UE Identity
UE Identity
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 31
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-DPCCHHigh Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (Uplink)
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 32
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-DPCCH Usage ACK/NACK
HS-DSCH
All the HS-DSCH data I
receive is incorrect!
Send me a NACK, maybe
I can do something for
you and send the same
packet again.
Maybe I will even send you anew redundancy version.
This could increase the
probability that you can
decode the data.
HS-DPCCH:
NACK
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 33
New Physical and Transport Channels
HS-DPCCH Usage CQI
HS-DSCH
I have to deliver regular
reports about the channel
quality I experience but I
have to do a lot ofcalculations for this.
These reports really help me
in deciding who gets the
next data packet and how Ihave to format it.
HS-DPCCH:
CQI (Channel Quality Indication)
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 34
New Physical and Transport Channels
Structure of Uplink HS-DPCCH
Subframe #0 Subframe #i Subframe #4
HARQ-ACK CQI= Channel Quality Information
One radio frame Tf = 10 ms
One HS-DPCCH subframe (2 ms)
2Tslot = 5120 chipsTslot = 2560 chips
The spreading factor of the HS-DPCCH is 256 (10 bits per uplink slot)
The HS-DPCCH can only exist together with an UL DPCCH (Ded. Phys. Control Channel).
The DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel), the DPCCH and the HS-DPCCH are I/Q
code multiplexed.
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 35
New Physical and Transport Channels
Channel Coding for HS-DPCCH
Physical channelmapping
Channel CodingChannel coding
PhCH
HARQ-ACK CQI
PhCH
Physical channelmapping
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 36
New Physical and Transport Channels
Channel Coding for HARQ ACK
0000000000NACK
1111111111ACK
w9
w8
w7
w6
w5
w4
w3
w2
w1
w0
HARQ-ACK
message to
be
transmitted
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 37
New Physical and Transport Channels
Channel Coding for CQI
Channel Coding for CQI is using a (20,5) code
Code words of the (20,5) code are a linear combination
of the 5 basis sequences denoted Mi,n
Channel quality information bits are converted to binary
representation: a0, a1, a2, a3, a4
Output bits bi are then given by:
i = 019
1000019
1000018
1000017
1000016
1000015
1111114
1111013
1110112
1110011
1101110
110109
110018
110007
101116
101105
101014
101003
100112
100101
100010
Mi,4Mi,3Mi,2Mi,1Mi,0i
2mod)(,
4
0Mab ni
n
ni=
=
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 38
CQI encoding with (20,5) code
SIR
Throughp
ut
high
low
highlow
1CQIn
1CQIn-1
1CQIn-2
1CQIn+2
1CQIn+1
Prevailing conditions of SIR
Optimum
throughput if the UE
reports CQIn
SIR changes, CQI reporting must follow!
If misunderstanding
of CQI leeds to
usage of CQI closeto optimum, impact
is not too serious
If misunderstanding
of CQI leeds to
usage of CQI remote
to optimum, impact
is serious-> data rate
slumps down
CQI is using (20,5) code to reduce mean BER, like e.g. Gray encoding
N Ph i l d T t Ch l
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 39
New Physical and Transport ChannelsSpreading for Uplink DPCCH, DPDCHs and HS-DPCCH
I
j
cd,1 d
S dpch,n
I+jQ
D PD C H 1
Q
cd,3 d
D PD C H 3
cd,5 d
D PD C H 5
cd,2 d
D PD C H 2
cd,4 d
cc c
D PC C H
S
chsH S-D PC C H
D PD C H 4
chsH S-D PC C H
hs
hs
cd,6 d
D PD C H 6
Scrambling
HS-DPCCH
maximum number of
DPDCH is even
maximum number of
DPDCH is odd
N Ph i l d T Ch l
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 40
New Physical and Transport Channels
Spreading for UL HS-DPCCH
I
j
I+jQ
Q
Shs-dpcchchsHS-DPCCH
(If Nmax-dpdch= 0, 1, 3, 5)
HS-DPCCH
(If Nmax-dpdch =2, 4 or 6)
hs
hs
chs
N Ph i l d T t Ch l
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 41
5/150
6/151
8/152
9/15312/154
15/155
19/156
24/157
30/158
Signalling values for ACK,ACK and CQI
New Physical and Transport Channels
Gain Factors for UL HS-DPCCHPower offset HS-DPCCH for each HS-DPCCH slot
HS-DPCCH = ACK for slots carrying ACK
HS-DPCCH = NACK for slots carrying NACK
HS-DPCCH = CQI for slots carrying CQI
Gain factorhs defined as
Signalled by higher layers
(values 08)
= 2010DPCCHHS
chs
Quantized amplituderatios for
2010DPCCHHS
N Ph i l d T t Ch l
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 42
New Physical and Transport Channels
Timing Relations for UL HS-DPCCH
m = (TTX_diff /256 ) + 101
TTX_diff is the difference in chips (TTX_diff =0, 256, ....., 38144) between the transmit timing of thestart of the related HS-PDSCH and the transmit timing of the start of the related downlink DPCH frame
m therefore takes one of a set of five possible values according to the 5 possible transmission timings
of HS-DSCH sub-frame relative to the DPCH frame boundary.
Uplink
DPCH
HHSS--PPDDSSCCHH
aatt UUEE
UUpplliinnkk
HHSS--DDPPCCCCHH
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #2 Slot #3 Slot #4 Slot #5 Slot #6 Slot #7 Slot #8 Slot #9 Slot #10 Slot #11 Slot #12
EUEP M19200 chips = 7,5 slots
m*256 chips
Tslot = 2560 chips
3 * Tslot = 7680 chips
N Ph i l d T t Ch l
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 43
New Physical and Transport Channels
Round Trip Timing
HS-SCCH Retransmit
HS-PDSCH Retransmit
A/N CQI
18 slots = 12 ms
3 slots2 slots
2 slots
Minimum retransmission delay = 12 ms
2* Tprop + 15.5 slots A
A = Processing times in L1 and MAC-hs
N Ph i l d T t Ch l
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 44
New Physical and Transport Channels
More Timing Relations
k:thS-CCPCH
AICH accessslots
SecondarySCH
PrimarySCH
S-CCPCH,k
10 ms
PICH
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4
Radio framewith (SFN modulo 2) = 0 Radio framewith (SFN modulo 2) = 1
DPCH,n
P-CCPCH
Any CPICH
PICH for k:thS-CCPCH
n:th DPCH
10 ms
Subframe#0
HS-SCCHSubframes
Subframe#1
Subframe#2
Subframe#3
Subframe#4
Why this timing?
Ti i T f h DPCH
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 45
Timing TDPCH of each DPCH usage
t
+1
-1
T 2T
x1(t) = d1(t ) * c1(t)
t
+1
-1T 2T
x(t) = x1(t) + x2(t)
t
+1
-1T 2T
+2
-2
x2(t) = d2(t ) * c2(t)
Sum
0 -> +1
1 -> -1
Spreaded signals are added in a multi-user scenario,
e.g. downlink signal from node B.
This will engender an impact on the amplitude of
the sum signal.
Problem:
If the input signal from each user DPCH willhave the same content, like it is in the period
of e.g. the Pilot bits -> The Crest Factor will
rise!
Solution:Node B will set a timing TDPCH for each
Downlink DPCH individually to randomize the signal behaviour
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
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g Speed ow c e ccessDL DPCH Timing Offset
P-CCPCH
DL-DPCH
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH
UE timing
2slots
T_dpch_offset
1 Radio Frame = 10 ms
Propagation Delay
DL-DPCH
T_txdiff
HS-PDSCH
UL-DPCH
HS-DPCCH
T_dl_ul_offset = 1024 chips
T_UlDpch-HsDpcch = (T_txdiff + 101)*256 chips
Propagation Delay
7.5 slots
DPCH offset 21
alignment of
UL DPCH and
HS-DPCCH
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 47
g pDL DPCH Timing Offset
P-CCPCH
DL-DPCH
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH
UE timing
2slots
T_dpch_offset
1 Radio Frame = 10 ms
Propagation Delay
DL-DPCH
T_txdiff
HS-PDSCH
UL-DPCH
HS-DPCCH
T_dl_ul_offset = 1024 chips
T_UlDpch-HsDpcch = (T_txdiff + 101)*256 chips
Propagation Delay
7.5 slots
DPCH offset 22
10% overlap of
UL DPCH and
HS-DPCCH
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 48
g pDL DPCH Timing Offset
P-CCPCH
DL-DPCH
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH
UE timing
2slots
T_dpch_offset
1 Radio Frame = 10 ms
Propagation Delay
DL-DPCH
T_txdiff
HS-PDSCH
UL-DPCH
HS-DPCCH
T_dl_ul_offset = 1024 chips
T_UlDpch-HsDpcch = (T_txdiff + 101)*256 chips
Propagation Delay
7.5 slots
DPCH offset 26
50% overlap of
UL DPCH and
HS-DPCCH
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 49
High Speed Downlink Packet AccessDL DPCH Timing Offset
DL DPCH timing offset results in a propablenon slot alignment between HS-DPCCH and the DPCHslot
1 slot = 2560 chips = 10 symbols
50% overlap
slot
alignment
Remark
110
29
38
47
56
65
74
83
92
01
10
realtive timing difference DPCH vs. HS-DPCCH
(symbols)
T_dpch_offset
(symbols)
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 50
Data Rates
10 or 14 Mbps?
Data Rates
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 51
Data Rates
How are 14.4 Mbps derived?
1 slot HS-PDSCH (equivalent to 10 ms / 15 = 666.7 us) using 16 QAM contains 640 bits
Maximum 15 HS-PDSCH codes can be allocated to a UE
15 HS-PDSCHs therefore result in a gross bit rate of
15* 640 bits / 666.7 us = 14.4 MbpsThis does not include any channel
coding and is therefore a rather
theoretical value
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
Tslot = 2560 chips
320 bits for QPSK, 640 bits for 16QAM
1 subframe of 3 slots: 2 ms
Data Rates 1.2 Mbps class 7 Mbps class
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 52
Data Rates
User Equipment Classes
28800363015Category 12*
14400363025Category 11*
17280027952115Category 1017280020251115Category 9
13440014411110Category 8
11520014411110Category 7
67200729815Category 6
57600729815Category 5
38400729825Category 4
28800729825Category 3
28800729835Category 2
19200729835Category 1
Total number
of soft channel
bits
Maximum number of
bits of an HS-DSCH
transport block
received within
an HS-DSCH TTI
Minimum
inter-TTI
interval
Maximum
number of HS-
DSCH codes
received
HS-DSCH category
1.2 Mbps class
3.6 Mbps class
7 Mbps class
10 Mbps class
*QPSK only
3GPPTS25.3
06
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Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Motivation
Principle
Channel Quality Reporting
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 54
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Motivation (I)
Signal quality received by a subscriber depends on:
distance from the desired and interfering base stations
path loss
log-normal shadowing
short term Rayleigh fading
?
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 55
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
Motivation (II) Consequence:
Signal transmitted should be modified to account for the signal quality variation
Link adaptation:
Fast power control:
Used in WCDMA release 99
Mitigates near-far problem in uplink
Compensates for variations due to
short term Rayleigh fading
AMC:
Used in HSDPA
!
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
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p g
Principle
HS-DSCH data rate is adjusted by
modifying
modulation scheme effective code rate
number of HS-PDSCH codes
Decision based on channel quality reports
from UE
HS-DSCH,
e.g. 16QAM,
code rate 3/4
HS-DSCH,
e.g. QPSK,
code rate 1/2
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
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p g
Channel Quality Reporting
HS-DSCH modulation /
coding adapted acc. to
proposed CQI
HS-DPCCH:
proposed CQI(every 2ms160ms)
-216-QAM5716824
-116-QAM5716823
016-QAM5716822
016-QAM5655421
016-QAM5588720
016-QAM5528719
016-QAM5466418
016-QAM5418917016-QAM5356516
0QPSK5331915
0QPSK4258314
0QPSK4227913
0QPSK3174212
09600
XR
V
NIRReference
power
adjustment Modulati
on
Number
of
HS-
PDSCH
Transport
Block Size
CQI
value
UE proposes CQI value so that
HS-DSCH transport block error
probability would not exceed 0.1
Table according to 3GPP TS 25.214
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 58
p g
Channel Quality Reporting
-216-QAM5716824
-116-QAM5716823
016-QAM5716822
016-QAM5655421
016-QAM5588720
016-QAM5528719
016-QAM5466418
016-QAM5418917
016-QAM5356516
0QPSK5331915
0QPSK4258314
0QPSK4227913
0QPSK3174212
09600
XR
V
NIRReference
power
adjustment Modulati
on
Number
of
HS-
PDSCH
Transport
Block Size
CQI
value3GPP TS 25.214 contains 5
different tables for:
Categories 1-6
Categories 7-8
Category 9
Category 10
Categories 11,12
Each table contains definitions forCQI values 030
Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC)
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p g ( )
Tests 1&2 2codesx4TS
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
SIR (dB)
Throughput(bits/sub-frame)
QPSK 240 QPSK 253QPSK 267 QPSK 282QPSK 298 QPSK 315QPSK 332 QPSK 351QPSK 370 QPSK 391QPSK 413 QPSK 436QPSK 461 QPSK 487QPSK 514 QPSK 543QPSK 573 QPSK 605QPSK 639 QPSK 67516-QAM 675 16-QAM 71216-QAM 752 16-QAM 79416-QAM 839 16-QAM 88616-QAM 936 16-QAM 98816-QA M 1043 16-QA M 1102
16-QAM 1163
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
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p g
Channel Quality Reporting
-216-QAM5716824
-116-QAM5716823
016-QAM5716822
016-QAM5655421
016-QAM5588720
016-QAM5528719
016-QAM5466418
016-QAM5418917
016-QAM5356516
0QPSK5331915
0QPSK4258314
0QPSK4227913
0QPSK3174212
09600
XR
V
NIRReference
power
adjustment Modulati
on
Number
of
HS-
PDSCH
Transport
Block Size
CQI
value
Example: UE proposes CQI value 19.
CQI value 19 corresponds to
Transport Block Size 5287 bits
5 HS-PDSCHs
16QAM Modulation
UE assumes:
HS-DSCH power [dB]:
signalled by higher layers
Virtual IR buffer NIR
Redundancy version XRV
++=CPICHHSPDSCHPP
Adaptive Modulation and Coding
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CQI Reference Period
TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13 TS14 TS15 TS16 TS17
7.5 Timeslots
ANn
CQIk
CQIk-3
TB n TB n+1 TB n+2 TB n+3 TB n+4 TB n+5 TB n+6
ANn-1
ANn-2
ANn+1
ANn+2
ANn+3
CQIk+2
CQIk+1
CQIk-1
CQIk-2
ANn-3
CQIk+3
HS-PDSCH
HS-DPCCH
CQI
referenceperiod Reference
periodk-3
Referenceperiod
k-2
Referenceperiod
k-1
Referenceperiod
k
Reported CQI value refers to 3-slot reference period ending 1 slot before first slot used to transmit CQI
ACK/NACK field for HS-DSCH subframe
associated to CQI reference period
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 62
Hybrid ARQProtocol Definition
Motivation
PrincipleHS-DSCH Coding Chain
Physical Layer HARQ Functionality
Redundancy Version Coding
HARQ Processes
Hybrid ARQ NACK
ACK
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Protocol Definition
ARQ / Automatic Repeat Request:
Receiverdetects errors and requests retransmissions of erroneous packets
HARQ / Hybrid-ARQ:
Coding is applied to transmission packets
Receiver does not delete received symbols when decoding failsbut combines the new transmission with the old one in the buffer
Two ways of operating:
Identical retransmission (Chase Combining)
Non-identical retransmission (Incremental Redundancy)
DataData
Hybrid ARQ
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Chase CombiningTurbo Encoder output (36 bits)
Rate Matching to 16 bits (Puncturing)
Chase Combining at receiver
Systematic Bits
Parity 1
Parity 2
Systematic Bits
Parity 1
Parity 2
Systematic Bits
Parity 1
Parity 2
Original Transmission Retransmission
Hybrid ARQ
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Incremental RedundancyTurbo Encoder output (36 bits)
Rate Matching to 16 bits (Puncturing)
Incremental Redundancy Combining at receiver
Systematic Bits
Parity 1
Parity 2
Systematic Bits
Parity 1
Parity 2
Systematic Bits
Parity 1
Parity 2
Original Transmission Retransmission
Hybrid ARQ
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MotivationLimitations of Adaptive Modulation and Coding:
- accuracy of CQI reporting
- effect of delay
HARQ can be understood as an implicit link adaptation technique:
- Does not rely on explicit C/I or similar measurements
- Link layer acknowledgements are used for re-transmission decisions
- Autonomously adapts to the instantaneous channel conditions- Insensitive to measurement error and delay
AMC provides the coarse data rate selection.
H-ARQ provides for fine data rate adjustment based
on channel conditions.
Combination ofAMC and HARQ
Hybrid ARQ
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HS-DSCH Coding Chain
CRC attachment toeach transport block
Code block segmentation
Channel Coding
Physical Layer Hybrid-ARQ
functionality
Bit Scrambling
PhCH#1 PhCH#P
Physical channel mapping
HS-DSCH Interleaving
Physical channelsegmentation
Constellation Re-arrangement for
16QAM
Data arrives to the coding unit in form of a maximum of
one transport block once every transmission time interval.
Redundancy Version
determined by
parameters r and s
Constellationdetermined by
parameter b
Signalled to UE
on HS-SCCH
Signalled to UE
on HS-SCCH
Turbo Coding Rate 1/3
Hybrid ARQ
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 68
Physical Layer HARQ Functionality (I)
RM P1_1
RM P2_1
RM S
RM P1_2
RM P2_2
Nsys
Np1
Np2
Nt,sys
Nt,p1
Nt,p2
First Rate
Matching
Virtual
IR Buffer
Second Rate
MatchingSystematic bits
Parity 1 bits
Parity 2 bits
RV Parameterss and r
From
turbo
coder
matches the number of bits to the
number of soft channel bits available in
the virtual IR buffer (puncturing)
ToP
hysicalChannel
S
egmentation
IR buffer size can
be configuredmatches the number of bits to the number of
physical channel bits in the HS-PDSCH set;
generates different redundancy versions
which mainly influences HARQ performance
Turbo Coder outputs Systematic bits
and two streams of parity bits
Systematic bits are identical to the input
bits to the turbo coder
Hybrid ARQ
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Physical Layer HARQ Functionality (II)
RM P1_1
RM P2_1
RM S
RM P1_2
RM P2_2
Nsys
Np1
Np2
Nt,sys
Nt,p1
Nt,p2
First Rate
MatchingVirtual
IR Buffer
Second Rate
Matching
Systematic bits
Parity 1 bits
Parity 2 bitsFrom
turboco
der
3*720
bits=2160bits
arearriving
ToPhysicalChannelSegmentation,
960bitsavailableonHS-PDSCH
Example assumptions:
1 HS-PDSCH code with QPSK available (960 bits)
720 bits input to turbo coder -> (720 * 3) bits output of turbo coder
Virtual IR buffer size = 1920 bits
Virtual IR
buffer size
= 1920 bits
720 bits
720 bits
720 bits
2160 bits have to be matched to
1920 bits by puncturing (-11%)1920 bits have to be matched to
960 bits by puncturing (-50%),
Hybrid ARQSignalling of Red ndanc Version (QPSK) on HS SCCH
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Signalling of Redundancy Version (QPSK) on HS-SCCH
Redundancy Version Coding Sequences are signalled on HS-SCCH, example:
-{0,2,5,6}: one initial transmission + 3 retransmissions with different r and s parameters
307
316
205
214
103
112
001
010
rsXrv
(value)Initial transmission
1st retransmission
2nd retransmission
3rd retransmission
s=1: systematic bits are prioritized
s=0: non systematic bits are prioritized
r (range 0 to 3 for QPSK) influences:
input parameter of puncturing or
(together with s) of repetitionalgorithm defined in TS 25.212
selection of parity bits
Hybrid ARQSignalling of Redundancy Version (16QAM) on HS SCCH
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Signalling of Redundancy Version (16QAM) on HS-SCCH
0117
3016
2015
1014
1103
1112
0001
0010
brsXrv
(value)
Redundancy Version Coding Sequences are signalled on HS-SCCH, example:
-{6,4,0,5}: Chase combining (no change in s and r parameters, i.e. same redundancy
version) with 4 possible constellations
Initial transm.
3rd retransm.
1st retransm.
2nd retransm.
Definition of
parameter s as
for QPSK
r (range 0 to 1 for 16QAM) influences input
parameter of puncturing or (together with s) of
repetition algorithm defined in TS25.212 and thus
selection of parity bits
b (range 0 to 3) describes
constellation rearrangement
to average reliability of bits
HARQ principle: Multitasking
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 72
t
BS, Tx
UE, Tx
Data Data
Nt
Demodulate, decode, descramble,
despread, check CRC, etc.
ACK/NACK
Minimum processing time for UEreceiver
Data Data
UE, TxDemodulate, decode, descramble,
despread, check CRC, etc.
Remark, for being able to receive an Inter-TTI of 1 it is required to
handle 6 parallel HARQ processes
ACK/NACK
Hybrid ARQ
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 73
HARQ Processes
asynchronous DL - synchronous UL
Number of H-ARQ processes = 1..8 per UE
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 74
Interworking with Physical Layer Procedures
Transmit Diversity
Compressed ModePhase Reference
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 75
HSDPA Impact on Transmit Diversity
HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH can use open loop STTD,
HS-PDSCH can also use closed loop mode 1 diversity
The transmit diversity mode used for a HS-PDSCH subframe shall be the same
as used for the DPCH associated with this HS-PDSCH subframe
If the DPCH associated with an HS-SCCH subframe is using either open or
closed loop transmit diversity, the HS-SCCH subframe from this cell shall be
transmitted using STTD, otherwise no transmit diversity shall be used for this
HS-SCCH subframe
In the case that an HS-PDSCH is associated with a DPCH for which closed-
loop transmit diversity is applied, the antenna weights applied to HS-PDSCH
are the same as applied to the associated DPCH
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 76
HSDPA Impact on Compressed Mode The UE shall neglect a HS-SCCH or HS-PDSCH transmission, if a part of
the HS-SCCH or a part of the corresponding HS-PDSCH overlaps with a
downlink transmission gap on the associated DPCH.
Neither ACK nor NACK shall be transmitted by the UE to respond to thecorresponding downlink transmission
If a part of a HS-DPCCH slot allocated forACK/NACK information
overlaps with an uplink transmission gap on the associated DPCH, the
UE shall not transmit ACK/NACK information in that slot
If in a HS-DPCCH sub-frame a part of the slots allocated forCQIinformation overlaps with an uplink transmission gap on the associated
DPCH, the UE shall not transmit CQI information in that sub-frame
If a CQI report is scheduled in the current CQI field and the
corresponding 3-slot reference period wholly or partly overlaps a
downlink transmission gap, then the UE shall use DTX in the current CQI
field and in the CQI fields in the next (N_cqi_transmit1) subframes
High Speed Downlink Packet Access
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 77
Downlink Phase Reference
HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH can use Primary CPICH, Secondary
CPICH or Dedicated Pilots as downlink phase reference. The same phase reference as with the associated DPCH shall be
used.
The support for dedicated pilots as phase reference for HS-PDSCH
and HS-SCCH is optional for the UE. During a DPCH frame overlapping with any part of an associated
HS-DSCH or HS-SCCH subframe, the phase reference on this
DPCH shall not change.
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MAC-hs Protocol Entity
Overall Protocol Architecture
Functions and Architecture UTRAN and UE Side
MAC-d Flows and Priority Queue HandlingMAC-hs Protocol Data Unit
MAC-hs Reset
MAC-hs Protocol EntityProtocol Architecture with New MAC-hs Protocol
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L2
L1
HS-
DSCH
FP
RLC
L2
L1
HS-
DSCH
FP
Iub/ Iur
PHY
MAC
PHY
RLC
Uu
MAC-
hs
MAC-d
New protocol entity in Node BOne entity for each cell supporting HSDPA
UE
Node B
RNC
MAC = Medium Access Control
RLC= Radio Link Control
FP = Frame Protocol
MAC-hs Protocol Entity
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 80
Functions UTRAN and UE SideThe UTRAN MAC-hs entity handles the HSDPA specific functions:
Flow Control
Scheduling/Priority Handling: determines Queue ID and Transmission
Sequence Number (TSN) for each new MAC-hs PDU
HARQ entity (one per UE): supports multiple stop and wait HARQ processes
Transport Format and resource selection: Selection of an appropriate
transport format and resource for the data
The UE MAC-hs entity handles the HSDPA specific functions:
HARQ entity (one per UE, parallel HARQ processes): generates ACKs orNACKs
Reordering Queue distribution: routes MAC-hs PDUs to correct reordering
buffer based on Queue ID
Reordering: reorders received MAC-hs PDUs according to transmission
sequence number (TSN) Disassembly of MAC-hs PDUs: removes MAC-hs header, extracts MAC-d
PDUs and delivers them to higher layers
PDU = Protocol Data Unit
MAC-hs Protocol Entity
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 81
UTRAN Side MAC-hs ArchitectureMAC-hs
MAC Control
HS-DSCH
TFRC selection
Priority Queuedistribution
Associated DownlinkSignallingAssociated Uplink
Signalling
MAC-d flows
HARQ entity
Priority Queuedistribution
PriorityQueue
PriorityQueue
PriorityQueue
PriorityQueue
Scheduling/Priority handling
MAC-hs Protocol Entity
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UE Side MAC Architecture
MAC-d
FACH RACH
DCCH DTCHDTCH
DSCH DCH DCH
MAC Control
USCH( TDD only )
CPCH( FDD only )
CTCHBCCH CCCH SHCCH( TDD only )
PCCH
PC H FACH
MAC-c/sh
USCH( TDD only )
DSCH
MAC-hs
HS-DSCH
Associated Uplink
SignallingAssociated Downlink
Signalling
MAC-hs Protocol Entity
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UE Side MAC-hs Architecture
MAC-hs
MAC Control
Associated Uplink Signalling
To MAC-d
Associated Downlink Signalling
HS-DSCH
HARQ
Reordering Reordering
Re-ordering queue distribution
Disassembly Disassembly
MAC-hs Protocol Entity
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MAC-d Flows and Priority Queue Handling
Node B:
1 MAC-hs entityper cell
Priority Queue
(Queue ID 0)
Priority Queue(Queue ID 0) UE2
UE1Priority Queue
(Queue ID 7)
Priority Queue
(Queue ID 3)
Priority Queue
(Queue ID 1)
RNC:1 MAC-d entity per UE
Logical channel (ID 1)
Logical channel (ID 2)
Logical channel (ID 1)
Logical channel (ID 15)
[Logical channel (ID 3)]
[Logical channel (ID 4)]
MAC-d flow
MAC-d flow
MAC-d flow
HS-DSCH data frames,
each containing MAC d
PDUs for one user and for
a given CmCH-PI (Priority)
and MAC-d PDU size
CmCH-PI is associated to
a certain Queue ID viaNBAP signalling
Iub Air Interface
MAC-d flow
Reordering Queue
(Queue ID 0)
Reordering Queue(Queue ID 0)
Reordering Queue
(Queue ID 7)
Reordering Queue
(Queue ID 3)
Reordering Queue
(Queue ID 1)
NBAP: HS-DSCH Information to Modify (Extract)
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 85
9.2.1.52BM>>>RLC Mode
9.2.1.38AM>>>>MAC-d PDU Size
9.2.1.53IM>>>>SID
1..
>>>MAC-d PDU Size Index
9.2.1.38AaO>>>MAC-hs Guaranteed Bit Rate
9.2.1.38BM>>>MAC-hs Window Size
9.2.1.24EO>>>Discard Timer
9.2.1.56aM>>>T19.2.1.53HM>>>Scheduling Priority Indicator
Shall only refer to an HS-DSCH
MAC-d flow already existing in the
old configuration.
Multiple Priority Queues can be
associated with the same HS-
DSCH MAC-d Flow ID.
HS-DSCH
MAC-d Flow
ID 9.2.1.31I
M>>>Associated HS-DSCH MAC-d
Flow
9.2.1.49CM>>>Priority Queue ID
>>Add Priority Queue
M>CHOICE Priority Queue
0..Priority Queue Information
.
Semantics DescriptionIE Typeand
Reference
RangePresenceIE/Group Name
MAC-hs Protocol EntityMAC-hs Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
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If the F field is set to "0" the F field is
followed by a SID field. If the F field is
set to "1" the F field is followed by a
MAC-d PDU.
Size Index Identifier (3 bit), size of
set of consecutive MAC-d PDUs;
MAC-d PDU size for a given SID
configured by higher layers and
independent for each Queue ID
Queue ID TSN SID1 N1 F1 SID2 N2 F2 SIDk Nk Fk
MAC-hs header MAC-hs SDU Padding (opt)MAC-hs SDU
Mac-hs payload
VF
Each MAC-hs SDU equals a MAC-d PDU (format as for the non HS-DSCH case)
A maximum of one MAC-hs PDU can be transmitted in a TTI per UE
The MAC-hs header is of variable size
Version Flag (1 bit), extension
capabilities for PDU format
(value 1 reserved in rel5)
Queue ID (3 bit) provides
identification of the reordering
queue in the receiver
Transmission Sequence
Number (6 bit) for reordering
purposes/in-sequence delivery
Number of consecutive MAC-d PDUs with
equal size (7 bits); maximum number of
PDUs transmitted in a single TTI shall be 70
HSDPA: MAC-hs SDU and MAC-hs PDU
MAC d PDU MAC d PDU
Each MAC-hs SDU corresponds
1 MAC d PDU
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Q u eu e ID T S N S ID 1 N 1 F 1 S ID 2 N 2 F 2 S ID k N k F k
M A C -h s h ead er M A C -h s S D U P ad d in g (o pt)M A C -h s S D U
M a c - h s pa y lo a d
V F
MAC-hs PDU
MAC-d PDU MAC-d PDUto 1 MAC-d PDU
1 MAC-hs PDU is sent every TTI of 2msec
HSDPA: MAC-hs SDU and MAC-hs PDU
MAC d PDUMAC-d PDU
Identifies size of set of
C ti MAC d PDU
N b f
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MAC-hs PDU
MAC-d PDUSize A
Size BConsecutive MAC-d PDUs
1 MAC-hs PDU is sent every TTI of 2msec
Queue ID TSN SID 1 N 1 F 1 SID 2 N 2 F 2 SID k N k F k
MAC -hs header MAC -hs SDU Padding (opt)MAC -hs SDU
Mac -hs payload
VF
MAC -hs SDU
Number ofMAC-d PDUs,
Size A
Identifies size of set of consecutive MAC-dPSUs, here of size B
Number of MAC-d PDUs of size B
MAC-hs Protocol Entity
R d i f MAC h PDU UE Sid
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Reordering of MAC-hs PDUs on UE Side
MAC-hs PDU
TSN 0
MAC-hs PDU
TSN 1
MAC-hs PDU
TSN 3
Received MAC-hs PDUs
Delivery to
Disassembly Entity
Next expected TSN = 2
TSN = 3 > Next expected TSN
Start Reordering Release Timer T1
ReorderingQueue
Added or Reconfigured MAC-d Flow(in Added or reconfigured DL TrCH Information, TS 25.331 (RRC))
VersionSemantics descriptionType andMultiNeedInformation Element/Group name
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REL-5The MAC-hs queue ID is
unique across all MAC-d flows.
Integer(0..7)MP>MAC-hs queue Id
REL-5OPMAC-hs queue to delete listREL-5Integer(0..7)MP>>MAC-d PDU size index
REL-5Integer(1..5000)MP>>MAC-d PDU size
REL-5Mapping of the different MAC-
d PDU sizes configured for the
HS-DSCH to the MAC-d PDU
size index in the MAC-hs
header.
OP>MAC-d PDU size Info
REL-5Integer(4, 6, 8,
12, 16, 24, 32)
MP>MAC-hs window size
REL-5Timer (in milliseconds) when
PDUs are released to the
upper layers even though
there are outstanding PDUs
with lower TSN values.
Integer(10, 20,
30, 40, 50, 60,
70, 80, 90, 100,
120, 140, 160,
200, 300, 400)
MP>T1
REL-5MAC-d Flow
Identity
10.3.5.7c
MP>MAC-d Flow Identity
REL-5The MAC-hs queue ID is
unique across all MAC-d flows.
Integer(0..7)MP>MAC-hs queue Id
REL-5OPMAC-hs queue to add or reconfigure list
VersionSemantics descriptionType andreference
MultiNeedInformation Element/Group name
SID
MAC-hs Protocol Entity
MAC h R t
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MAC-hs ResetIf a reset of the MAC-hs entity is requested by upper layers, the UE shall:
flush soft buffer for all configured HARQ processes;
stop all active re-ordering release timer (T1), set all timer T1 to their initial value;
start TSN with value 0 for the next transmission on every HARQ process;
initialise the variables RcvWindow_UpperEdge and next_expected_TSN to their
initial values;disassemble all MAC-hs PDUs in the re-ordering buffer and deliver all MAC-d
PDUs to the MAC-d entity;
flush the re-ordering buffer.
and then:
indicate to all AM RLC entities mapped on HS-DSCH to generate a status report.
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RRC Protocol(Radio Resource Control)
Signalling of Physical Layer Parameters
Mobility
RRC Protocol
Signalling of Ph sical La er Parameters
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Signalling of Physical Layer ParametersPhysical layer parameters signalled to UE / Node B:
HS-SCCH set to be monitored
Repetition factor of ACK/NACK: N_acknack_transmit
Channel Quality Indicator feedback cycle k
Repetition factor of CQI: N_cqi_transmit
Measurement power offset
Power offsets for ACK, NACK, CQI
[Release 6: Status of preamble/postamble transmission:
HARQ_preamble_mode]
RRC ProtocolDownlink HS-PDSCH Information
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REL-5Measurement
Feedback
Info
10.3.6.40a
OPMeasurement Feedback Info
REL-5HS-SCCH
Info
10.3.6.36a
OPHS-SCCH Info
VersionSemantics
description
Type and
reference
MultiNeedInformation Element/Group
name
Contained in:
Cell Update Confirm
Physical Channel Reconfiguration
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
Radio Bearer ReleaseRadio Bearer Setup
Transport Channel Reconfiguration
RRC Protocol
HS SCCH Info
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HS-SCCH Info
REL-5Integer
(0..127)
MP>>>HS-SCCH
Channelisation Code
REL-51 to
MP>>HS-SCCH
Channelisation CodeInformation
REL-5DL Scrambling
code to be
applied for HS-
DSCH and HS-
SCCH. Defaultis same
scrambling code
as for the
primary CPICH.
Secondary
scrambling
code
10.3.6.74
MD>>DL Scrambling Code
REL-5>FDD
REL-5MPCHOICE mode
VersionSemantics
description
Type and
reference
MultiNeedInformation
Element/Group name
RRC Protocol
Measurement Feedback InfoVersioSemanticsType andMultiNeedInformation
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REL-5Refer to
quantization
of the power
offset in [28]
Integer
(0..8)
MP>>CQI
REL-5Integer
(1..4)
MP>>CQI repetition factor
REL-5Inmilliseconds.
Integer(0, 2, 4, 8,
10, 20, 40,
80, 160)
MP>>CQI Feedback cycle, k
REL-5Default Power
offset
between HS-
PDSCH and
P-CPICH/S-
CPICH. In
dB.
Real(-6 ..
13 by step
of 0.5)
MP>>POhsdsch
REL-5>FDD
Versio
n
Semantics
description
Type and
reference
MultiNeedInformation
Element/Group name
RRC Protocol
Uplink DPCH Power Control Info
V iS tiT dM ltiN dI f ti El t/G
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Uplink DPCH Power Control Info
REL-5Integer(1..4)OP>>Ack-Nack repetition factor
REL-5refer to quantization ofthe power offset in [28]
Integer(0..8)
OP>>NACK
REL-5Refer to quantization
of the power offset in
[28]
Integer
(0..8)
OP>>ACK
In dBInteger (1, 2)CV-algo>>TPC step size
Specifies algorithm to
be used by UE to
interpret TPC
commands
Enumerated
(algorithm 1,
algorithm 2)
MP>>Power Control Algorithm
In number of framesInteger(0..7)MP>>SRB delay
In number of framesInteger (0..7)MP>>PC Preamble
In dBInteger(-164,..-6by step of 2)
MP>>DPCCH Power offset
>FDD
MPCHOICE mode
VersionSemantics
description
Type and
reference
MultiNeedInformation Element/Group name
RRC Protocol
Added or Reconfigured DL TrCH information
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VersionSemantics
description
Type and
reference
MultiNeedInformation Element/Group
name
REL-5Added or
reconfigured
MAC-d flow
10.3.5.1a
OP>>Added or reconfigured MAC-d
flow
REL-5HARQ info10.3.5.7aOP>>HARQ Info
REL-5Note 1>HS-DSCH
Contained in:
Cell Update Confirm
HOV to UTRAN command
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
Radio Bearer Release
Radio Bearer Setup
Transport Channel Reconfiguration
RRC Protocol
HARQ Info
VersionSemanticsdescription
Type and referenceMultiNeedInformation Element/Groupname
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REL-5Maximum number of
soft channel bits
available in the virtual
IR buffer [27]
Integer(800 .. 16000 by
step of 800, 17600 ..
32000 by step of 1600,
36000 .. 80000 by step of
4000, 88000 .. 160000 bystep of 8000, 176000 ..
304000 by step of 16000)
MP>>>Process Memory size
REL-5
MP>>Memory size
REL-5>Explicit
REL-5UE shall applymemory partitioning of
equal size across all
HARQ processes
>Implicit
REL-5MPCHOICE Memory Partitioning
REL-5Integer (1..8)MPNumber of Processes
descriptionname
RRC Protocol
Mobility
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MobilityHS-DSCH sent from one BTS only
Associated DCH sent from all cells
RNC
DCH + HS-DSCH
DCH
Iub
RRC Protocol
MobilityServing HS-DSCH Radio Link
Indicator in DownlinkInformation for each Radio Link
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MobilityTerminology:
Serving HS-DSCH radio link: The radio link that the HS-PDSCH physical channel(s)allocated to the UE belongs to.
Serving HS-DSCH cell: The cell associated with the UTRAN access point performing
transmission and reception of the serving HS-DSCH radio link for a given UE. The
serving HS-DSCH cell is always part of the current active set of the UE.
Serving HS-DSCH Node B: A role a Node B may take with respect to a UE havingone or several HS-PDSCHs allocated. The serving HS-DSCH Node B is the Node B
controlling the serving HS-DSCH cell.
Procedures:
Mobility for HSDPA is based on existing (Release 99) RRC handover procedures.
Information for each Radio Link
RRC Protocol
Serving HS-DSCH Cell Change
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NodeB NodeB
MAC-hs
NodeB NodeB
MAC-hs
Source HS-
DSCH Node BTarget HS-DSCH ode B
ServingHS-DSCH
radio link
ServingHS-DSCHradio link
s t
RNC RNC
Establishment of new HARQ
entities in target Node B
RRC Protocol
Example: Inter Node B Hard Handover
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UE Target Node B Source Node B SRNC
HOV DecisionRL Setup
RL ReconfigurationMAC-hs release
MAC-hs setup
RL ReconfigurationTransport Channel
Reconfiguration incl.
MAC-hs Reset Indicator
Stop Tx/Rx in
source cell
Start Tx/Rx in
target cell
MAC-hs Reset
Transport Channel
Reconfiguration Complete
RL DeletionStop Rx/Tx
Start Rx/Tx
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Technical Requirements for UE and Node B
UE Transmitter
UE Receiver
UE Layer 1 Processes
UE ProtocolNode B Transmitter
Node B Layer 1 Processes
Technical Requirements for UE and Node B
Overview
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HSDPA puts new requirements on UE, Node B and network functionality:
New protocol architecture (new MAC-hs entity in Node B)
Significant increase in L1 functionality
Introduction of new transport and physical channels
HS-(P)DSCH: High Speed (Physical) Downlink Shared Channel
HS-SCCH: High Speed Shared Control Channel
HS-DPCCH: High Speed Dedicated Physical Control ChannelShort Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of 2 ms
Introduction of 16QAM Modulation Scheme as terminal capability
Adaptive Modulation & Coding based on terminal capability and
CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) feedback from terminal to Node B
Hybrid-ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) Protocol
New User Equipment Classes in 3GPP TS 25.306
T h i l B k d
Technical Requirements for UE and Node B
Requirements for UE Transmitter
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Technical Background:
HS-DPCCH is introduced as 3rd uplink code channel for
transmission of ACK/NACK and CQI.
Modification of output power probability function
Increased UE power amplifier linearity requirements
Full or partial transmission of HS-DPCCH during a DPCCH timeslot
DPDCH
DPCCH HS-DPCCH
DPCCH
DPDCH
HS-DPCCH
Technical Requirements for UE and Node BTS 34.121 Requirements, Transmitter Characteristics
34.121 Transmitter Characteristics (FDD)
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34.121 Transmitter Characteristics (FDD)
CommentTitleSection
Update of existing R99 test case
for introduction of HSDPA
Error Vector Magnitude
(EVM) with HS-DPCCH
5.13A.1
Update of existing R99 test case
for introduction of HSDPA
Adjacent Channel
Leakage Power Ratio
(ACLR) with HS-DPCCH
5.10A
Update of existing R99 test case
for introduction of HSDPA
Spectrum emission mask
with HS-DPCCH
5.9A
Verify new maximum output power
requirements during HS-DPCCH
transmission
UE max output power
with HS-DPCCH
5.2A
Verify power ratios and absolute
powers during HS-DPCCHtransmission
Transmit ON/OFF power,
HS-PDCCH
TBD
Technical Requirements for UE and Node BMaximum Output Power with HSDPA
The maximum output power with HS-DPCCH is a measure of the maximum power the UE can
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The maximum output power with HS DPCCH is a measure of the maximum power the UE can
transmit when HS-DPCCH is fully or partially transmitted during a DPCCH timeslot.
+4.7/-2.7+19+3.7/-3.7+22c /d = 15/7, 15/0+3.7/-2.7+20+2.7/-3.7+23c /d = 13/15, 15/8+2.7/-2.7+21+1.7/-3.7+24c /d = 1/15, 12/15
Tol(dB)
Power(dBm)
Tol(dB)
Power(dBm)
Power Class 4Power Class 3Ratio ofc / d
for all values ofhs
30/1515/0off15/156
30/1515/77/1515/155
30/1515/88/1515/154
26/1513/1515/1513/153
24/1512/1515/1512/152
2/151/1515/151/151
hsc/ddcSub-testTS 34.121
TS 34.121
Technical Requirements for UE and Node BTS 34.121 Requirements, RRM
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TitleSection
Transport Format Combination Selection in UE with HS-DPCCHTBD
34.121 RRM (FDD)
Technical Requirements for UE and Node BTS 34.121 Requirements, Receiver Characteristics
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TitleSection
Maximum input level, Minimum requirement for HS-PDSCH reception
(16QAM)6.3A
34.121 Receiver Characteristics (FDD)
Technical Requirements for UE and Node B
Requirements for UE Layer 1 Processes
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Technical Background:
Fast scheduling, Hybrid ARQ and adaptive modulation andcoding as interaction between Node B and UE are introduced.
Correctness of layer 1 processes essential forHSDPA performance
Consistency, speed, detection probabilities
Technical Requirements for UE and Node B TS34.121 Requirements, RF Performance
New
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Demodulation of HS-DSCH (Fixed Reference Channel);
Open Loop Diversity9.2.2
TitleSection
HS-SCCH Detection Performance9.4
Reporting of Channel Quality Indicator; Fading propagation conditions9.3.2
Reporting of Channel Quality Indicator; AWGN propagation conditions9.3.1
Demodulation of HS-DSCH (Fixed Reference Channel);Closed Loop Tx Diversity
9.2.3
Demodulation of HS-DSCH (Fixed Reference Channel);
Single Link9.2.1
34.121 RF Performance (FDD)
Section!
Technical Requirements for UE and Node B34.121 Requirements, Fixed Reference Channels
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 113
- Fixed Reference Channels H-Sets 1-5 defined in release 5:
- H-Set 1 QPSK / 16 QAM- H-Set 2 QPSK / 16 QAM
- H-Set 3 QPSK / 16 QAM
- H-Set 4 QPSK- H-Set 5 QPSK
- compare with rel99 Reference Measurement Channels
Technical Requirements for UE and Node B34.121 Requirements, Fixed Reference ChannelsExample: Fixed Reference Channel H-Set 1 acc. to 3GPP TS 34.121:
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16QAMQPSKModulation
45CodesNumber of Physical Channel Codes
0.610.67Coding Rate
96009600SMLsNumber of SMLs per HARQ Proc.
1920019200SMLsTotal Available SMLs in UE
76804800BitsBinary Channel Bits Per TTI
11BlocksNumber Code Blocks
46643202Bits
Information Bit Payload NINF
22Process
es
Number of HARQ Processes
33TTIsInter-TTI Distance
777534kbpsNominal Avg. Inf. Bit Rate
ValueUnitParameter
SML=SoftMetricLocation(Softchannelbit)
Technical Requirements for UE and Node B
TS 34.121 Requirements: FRCs and UE Categories
Corresponding requirementHS-DSCH category
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H-Set 5Category 12
H-Set 4Category 11
H-Set 3Category 6
H-Set 3Category 5
H-Set 2Category 4
H-Set 2Category 3
H-Set 1Category 2
H-Set 1Category 1
Technical Requirements for UE and Node BTS 34.121, 9.2.: Demodulation of HS-DSCH
Verify overall performance of
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UE reports
ACK, NACK or DTX
Verify overall performance of
HS-DSCH:
Information bit throughput
R [kbps] based on ACK/NACKevaluation
Fixed Reference ChannelH-set according to UE category ,
predefined redundancy versions
Decision about
new transmissionsor retransmissions
Technical Requirements for UE and Node BTS 34.121/9.3: Reporting of Channel Quality Indicator, AWGN
Verify CQI accuracy in 2 steps:
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 117
CQI Reports: feedback cycle and repetition
factor configured by higher layers
1. CQI shall be in the range of +/-2 of the
reported median more than 90 % of the
time
2. Check HS-DSCH BLER for median CQI,
median CQI +2 and median CQI-1
SS ignores CQI reports by UE, and sets:1. HS-DSCH according to CQI=16
2. HS-DSCH according to
median CQI,
median CQI + 2,median CQI-1
Technical Requirements for UE and Node BTS 34.121/9.3: Reporting of Channel Quality Indicator, Fading
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CQI Reports: feedback cycle and repetition
factor configured by higher layers
Verify CQI accuracy:
Collect events when UE reported medianCQI and median CQI+3, and check
HS-DSCH BLER for these events.
Physical channel parameters for
HS-DSCH set according to
a fixed CQI value
(median CQI)
Technical Requirements for UE and Node BTS 34.121 / 9.4: HS-SCCH Detection Performance
Verify HS-SCCH detection:
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UE respondsACK, NACK or DTX
Probability that UE is signalled on HS-
SCCH but DTX is observed on
corresponding HS-DPCCH
UE under test addressed
via first HS-SCCH
Technical Requirements for UE and Node B
Requirements for UE MAC-hs
Technical Background:
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Technical Background:
MAC-hs protocol entity in UE handles HARQ, priority
queue routing, re-ordering and disassembly of packets.
Essential for user plane
performance
Specific test cases required
L2
L1
HS-
DSCH
FP
RLC
L2
L1
HS-
DSCH
FP
Iub/ Iur
PHY
MAC
PHY
RLC
Uu
MAC-
hs
MAC-d
Technical Requirements for UE and Node B
TS 34.123-1 - Layer 2
34.123-1 Layer 2
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MAC-hs PDU header handling7.1.5.3
MAC-hs retransmissions7.1.5.4
MAC-hs reset7.1.5.5
MAC-hs Priority queue handling7.1.5.2
MAC-hs reordering and stall avoidance7.1.5.1
TitleSection
MAC-hs transport block size selection7.1.5.6
y
Technical Requirements for UE and Node B
Requirements for UE Higher Layers
Technical Background:
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 122
Technical Background:
HSDPA specific information elements have been
introduced in RRC and NAS protocols.
HSDPA specific test cases in TS 34.123-1:
40 Layer 3 test cases:Radio Bearer Establishment/Reconfiguration/ReleaseTransport/Physical Channel Reconfiguration
Cell Update
State transitions
Handover (incl. inter-system!) and Serving HS-DSCH cell change
9 Radio Bearer test cases1 NAS test case
Verify handling of
QoS IE to indicate
data rates above8640 kbps
Technical Requirements for UE and Node B
Node B Transmitter Requirements
Technical Background:
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Technical Background:
16QAM is available as modulation scheme on HS-PDSCH.
Different EVM requirement for
Node B supporting HS-PDSCH
with 16QAM (12.5 % with 16QAM)
New test model 5 for measuringEVM according to TS 25.141
specification
Variants of this test model with
different HS-PDSCH and DPCHnumbers defined
EVM = Error Vector Magnitude
Technical Requirements for UE and Node BNode B Transmitter Requirements: Test Model 5 Variants
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)November 2005 124
8 HS-PDSCHs, 30 DPCHs
4 HS-PDSCHs, 14 DPCHs
2 HS-PDSCHs, 6 DPCHs
Technical Requirements for UE and Node B
Requirements for Node B Layer 1 Processes
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Technical Background:
Fast scheduling, Hybrid ARQ and adaptive modulation and
coding as interaction between Node B and UE are introduced.
Correct detection of ACK/NACK and CQI by the Node B
essential for HSDPA performance
Specific test cases for HS-DPCCH signalling detection in
TS 25.141 (Rel-6)
Reference Measurement Channel for HS-DPCCH (Rel-6)
High Speed Uplink Packet Access
Focus
HSUPA is a 3GPP release 6 Feature for UMTS FDD.
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It is also referred to as FDD Enhanced Uplink.
Main Focus: Enhanced packet transmission in uplink
Uplink data rates up to 5.76 Mbps
Increased capacity and throughput
Reduced delay in uplink transmission
Combined [or independent] HSDPA / HSUPA operation
Example Applications:
video-clips, multimedia, e-mail, gaming, video-streaming, VoIP
Fast scheduling controlled by Node B
Efficient use of uplink radio resources
High Speed Uplink Packet Access
Key Features (I)
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Efficient use of uplink radio resources
Uplink data sent on new Enhanced Dedicated Channel E-DCH
UE receives scheduling information from different cells in soft handover: one
serving cell, one or more non-serving cells
Uplink resources are granted to UE:
Absolute grant (AG):
Sent by serving cell Initial maximum data rate UE may use
Relative grants (RG):
Sent by serving cell and non-serving cells
UP (only serving cell), DOWN, HOLD
Adaptation of uplink resource consumption in UE accordingly
New MAC-e and MAC-es protocol entities in UE and UTRAN
Short transmission time interval of 2ms
High Speed Uplink Packet Access
Key Features (II)
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Accelerating packet scheduling for transmission
Support of 2 ms transmission time interval is UE capability 10 ms transmission time interval always supported
Hybrid automatic-repeat-request (HARQ)
Improving robustness against link adaptation errors
Node B requests retransmissions of erroneously receveived uplink data
Node B can combine information from the original transmission with that of later
retransmissions (Soft Combining) In case of soft handover independent HARQ operation in different Node Bs
High Speed Uplink Packet Access
Principle Node B:Generation of
Scheduling and HARQ Informationfor the User Datart
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E-DPDCH
for the User Data
E-DPC
CH:Info
rmatio
non t
rans
port
fomat
and H
ARQ
used
onE-D
PDCH
UE1
UE2
Relative Grant
Channel
Enhanced Dedicated
Physical Data Channel
E-DPDCH
: Use
rDat
a Enh. DedicatedPhysical Control
ChannelE-DPCCH
E-AGCH: Absolute Resource IndicatorE-RGCH: Relative Resource Indicator
Absolute GrantChannel
E-HICH: Hybrid ARQ ACK/NACK Hybrid ARQ Acknowledge-ment Indicator Channel
Release 6 Issues
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Release 6 Issues
H-Set 6
Receive Diversity
HS-DPCCH ACK/NACK Enhancement
HS-DPCCH Reference ChannelFractional DPCH
HSUPA
Review UMTS Release 5/6 (Extract*)
HSDPA
IMS Phase 1Release 5
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IMS Phase 1
HSDPA Enhancements: HS-DPCCH ACK/NACK Enhancement
Performance Requirements of Receive Diversity for HSDPA
Improved minimum performance requirements for HSDPA UE categories 7 & 8
FDD Enhanced Uplink / HSUPA
Optimisation of downlink channelisation code utilisation (F-DPCH)
Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS)
IMS Phase 2
Release 6
*For complete list of work/study items, see official 3GPP workplan
46893219kbpsNominal Avg. Inf. Bit Rate
ValueUnitParameter
Release 6 Issues
Fixed Reference Channel (FRC) H-Set 6
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16QAMQPSKModulation
810CodesNumber of Physical Channel Codes
0.610.67
Coding Rate
1920019200SMLsNumber of SMLs per HARQ Proc.
115200115200SMLsTotal Available SMLs in UE
153609600BitsBinary Channel Bits Per TTI
22BlocksNumber Code Blocks
93776438Bits
66ProcessesNumber of HARQ Processes
11TTIsInter-TTI Distance
Information Bit Payload ( )INF
N
Release 6 Issues
Coding Rate for H-Set 6 (QPSK)
Inf Bit Payload 6438
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4800
9600
129693
Inf. Bit Payload
CRC Addition
Turbo-Encoding
(R=1/3)
6438
Code Block
Segmentation
1st Rate Matching 9600
Tail Bits129693
3231
CRC246438
RV Selection 4800
Physical Channel
Segmentation
960
Release 6 Issues
Improved Receiver Performance for HSDPA (I)
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Work items related to receiver performance (release 6):
Improved Receiver Performance Requirements for HSDPA Performance Requirements of Receive Diversity for HSDPA
Improved Minimum Performance Requirements for HSDPA UE categories 7/8
Receive diversity:
Enhance coverage, cell capacity and peak data rate in a HSDPA system Shall be an optional capability for a HSDPA UE terminal
10 Code UEs (categories 7 and 8):
Dedicated performance requirements for high end terminals
Changing baseline receiver from RAKE to LMMSE chip level equalizer
Release 6 Issues
Improved Receiver Performance for HSDPA(II)
Outcome so far:
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Enhanced performance requirements for receive diversity (type 1 requirements):
HS-DSCH demodulation
HS-SCCH detection
Enhanced performance requirements for categories 7 and 8 based on