How to Label a Systems DiagramHow to Label a Systems Diagram

Moving toward greater complexity within systems diagrams.

Example ofExample ofThe Carbon Cycle

The Carbon CycleThe Carbon Cycle

http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/outreach/carbon_toolkit/basics.html

The Carbon Cycle —With LabelsThe Carbon Cycle  With Labels

Source

Sink

Reservoir

SourceSource

S

SinkFeedbackFeedback

Feedback

Reservoir

SourceSource

Source Feedback

ReservoirReservoir

Sink

ReservoirOthers?

Sink

http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/outreach/carbon_toolkit/basics.html

The Carbon Cycle —With Measurable d f dQuantities Identified

ppm

ValueCan Be

Measured% reflectivity

µg/m3

mm/hrmm/hr

Units ofMeasuredQuantity

lbs CO2/kWhhouses/mi2% coverage

ppmmm/hr

µg/m2

W

vehicles/hr% cultivated land

/ 3

g C/kg soil L/hr

Others? mg/L

/

g C/m3

g C/m3

mm/year

http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/outreach/carbon_toolkit/basics.html

The Carbon Cycle —With Quantifiable l h d f dRelationships Identified

Rate/FluxCan Be

Determined

/Rate/FluxCan Be

Determined

Others?

Flux = The rate of matter or energy movement (amount per unit time)http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/outreach/carbon_toolkit/basics.html

How to Label a Systems DiagramHow to Label a Systems Diagram

Moving toward greater complexity within systems diagrams.

Example ofExample ofThe Whale Pump

The Whale PumpThe Whale Pump

Roman J, McCarthy JJ ‐ Roman J, McCarthy JJ (2010) The Whale Pump: Marine Mammals Enhance PrimaryProductivity in a Coastal Basin. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13255. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013255

The Whale Pump —With LabelsThe Whale Pump  With Labels

Source

Sink FeedbackReservoir

Reservoir

Source

Feedback

ReservoirReservoir

Reservoir

FeedbackReservoir

Sink

Feedback

Reservoir

Reservoir

ReservoirOthers?

SourceSource

Roman J, McCarthy JJ ‐ Roman J, McCarthy JJ (2010) The Whale Pump: Marine Mammals Enhance PrimaryProductivity in a Coastal Basin. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13255. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013255

The Whale Pump —With Measurable d f dQuantities Identified

ValueCan Be

MeasuredgC/m3

mg/L gC/m3/ 3

gC/m3

Units ofMeasuredQuantity

mg/L mg/Lmg/L gC/m3

gC/m3

gC/m3

ppm

gC/m3

gC/m3 gC/m3

Others?gC/m3

gC/m3gC/m3

gC/m3

gC/m3gC/m

Roman J, McCarthy JJ ‐ Roman J, McCarthy JJ (2010) The Whale Pump: Marine Mammals Enhance PrimaryProductivity in a Coastal Basin. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13255. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013255

The Whale Pump —With Quantifiable l h d f dRelationships Identified

HumansRate/FluxCan Be

Determined

Squid

/Rate/FluxCan Be

Determined

Others?

Flux = The rate of matter or energy movement (amount per unit time)Roman J, McCarthy JJ ‐ Roman J, McCarthy JJ (2010) The Whale Pump: Marine Mammals Enhance PrimaryProductivity in a Coastal Basin. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13255. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013255

How to Label a Systems DiagramHow to Label a Systems Diagram

Moving toward greater complexity within systems diagrams.

Example ofExample ofThe Cryosphere

The Cryosphere

Frozen Water

The Cryosphere

Frozen Water

Liquid Water

Atmosphere

Surface

IceGlacier SnowSea

SurfaceIce

Ocean

Perma‐frost

Sheet

River Ice

LakeIceIcebergs

Ice

Deborah Gross, Carleton College, and Karl Kreutz, University of Maine, 2015.

The Cryosphere —With Labels

Frozen Water

The Cryosphere With Labels

FeedbackFrozen Water

Liquid Water

Atmosphere

Surface

SinkSink Source

SourceFeedback

Feedback

IceGlacier SnowSea

SurfaceIce

Reservoir ReservoirReservoir

FeedbackFeedback

Feedback

Ocean

Perma‐frost

Sheet

River Ice

LakeIceIcebergs

IceReservoirReservoirReservoir

Reservoir

ReservoirOthers?

Deborah Gross, Carleton College, and Karl Kreutz, University of Maine, 2015.

The Cryosphere —With Measurabled f d

Frozen Water

Quantities IdentifiedFrozen Water

Liquid Water

Atmosphere

Surface

ValueCan Be

Measuredm/yr Gt/yr

IceGlacier SnowSea

SurfaceIceUnits of

MeasuredQuantity Gt/yr

Ocean

Perma‐frost

Sheet

River Ice

LakeIceIcebergs

Icem

mm/yr

Gt/yr m

Others?

Deborah Gross, Carleton College, and Karl Kreutz, University of Maine, 2015.

The Cryosphere —With Quantifiable l h d f d

Frozen Water

Relationships IdentifiedFrozen Water

Liquid Water

Atmosphere

Surface

Rate/FluxCan Be

Determined

IceGlacier SnowSea

SurfaceIce

/

Ocean

Perma‐frost

Sheet

River Ice

LakeIceIcebergs

IceRate/FluxCan Be

Determined

Others?

Flux = The rate of matter or energy movement (amount per unit time)

Deborah Gross, Carleton College, and Karl Kreutz, University of Maine, 2015.