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Lincoln’s 10% PlanLincoln’s 10% Plan
* When 10% of states’ population takes an oath of loyalty that Conf. state can re-enter the Union
* When 10% of states’ population takes an oath of loyalty that Conf. state can re-enter the Union
* Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth before plan takes effect* Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth before plan takes effect
Johnson’s PresidencyJohnson’s Presidency no voting rights for high-
ranking Confederate officials
Civil Rights Act of 1866Civil Rights Act of 18661) Congress creates Freedman’s Bureau, helps former
slaves Southerners upset – blacks getting a “free ride”
2) Civil Rights Act of 1866 gives former slaves citizenship – forbids discriminatory laws
Johnson vetoes Act, Congress overrides veto
Johnson pardons (forgives) 13K Confederates
14th & 15th Amendment14th & 15th Amendment Republicans in Congress create 14th Amendment
Prevented states from denying rights to any U.S. citizen, “all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.”
15th Amendment states a person cannot be denied right to vote based on race
Johnson’s ImpeachmentJohnson’s Impeachment Many Southerners not giving blacks rights,
Cong. passes 1867: Reconstruction Act (no Lincoln/Johnson plan)
South to be divided into 5 military zones Johnson vetoes bill
Congress overrides veto. Congress says he is abusing his power
Johnson impeached by House of Reps, found not guilty in the Senate – Johnson remains in office
1868 Election1868 Election• Civil War hero, Ulysses S. Grant, wins• 500,000 African Amer. vote
• Hiram Revels: 1st African American Senator• 16 of 125 Southerners elected to US Congress (during Reconstruction) were African American
Population of the “New South”Population of the “New South”1. Rich former plantation owners2. Scalawags: poor white Southerners who
joined Repubs3. Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved South
after war4. Freed Slaves• Many freed slaves now “work” for former
plantation owners as sharecroppers
End of ReconstructionEnd of Reconstruction• Ku Klux Klan (KKK) uses scare tactics, kills 20K• 1872: Freedmen’s Bureau funding ceases (ends)• Southern Democrats gain more power, pass Black CodesBlack Codes• 1876 Election: no candidate gets majority vote to win• Compromise of 1877: Southern Democrats will vote for
Repub. Rutherford Hayes if Hayes ends Reconstruction• Hayes ends reconstruction, South begins passing Jim
Crow Laws limiting African-Americans rights
Jim Crow Laws
• To prevent African-Americans from voting, poll taxes & literacy tests were used
• Jim Crow laws began separating blacks from whites and reducing the rights of blacks in the South
• Jim Crow examples:
http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/jcrow02.htm