How to reduce your organisation’s water bill 12 March 2014 Apex City Quay Hotel & Spa

Event aim

It will help you to understand:

• drivers for change

• your water use, and how you are charged

• how to develop a water efficiency campaign

• water saving technologies and techniques

• how others are already saving

• the funding and support available to you

This event will look to provide you with the context, tools and techniques to better understand your organisation’s water use, and save money.

Agenda

08.45 Registration and breakfast

09.15 Introduction to Resource Efficient Scotland

09.25 Water policy, regulation and drivers for change

09.45 Understanding your water consumption, costs and impacts

11.00 Break

11:15 Water saving devices & techniques

11:45 Developing and implementing an action plan

12:30 Best practice case studies

12:50 Next steps

13.00 Networking lunch

Meet our guests

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£

Resource Efficient Scotland

Resource Efficient Scotland

Zero Waste Scotland

Scottish Government

Advice & Support Service

Sector Initiatives

Trading name for WRAP in Scotland

We help organisations

across Scotland save money

by using resources more

efficiently.

Resource Efficient Scotland

We provide free,

specialist advice and

on-site support to help

decision makers in

business, public and

third-sector

organisations cut their

energy, water, waste

and raw material costs.

How to reduce your organisation’s water bill

Richard Malloy

Water Specialist Consultant

Event aim

It will help you to understand:

• drivers for change

• your water use, and how you are charged

• how to develop a water efficiency campaign

• water saving technologies and techniques

• how others are already saving

• the funding and support available to you

This event will look to provide you with the context, tools and techniques to better understand your organisation’s water use, and save money.

Water policy, regulation and drivers for change

Global water challenge

Growing pressure on resource

• Population & economic growth

• Climate change

• Pollution and water quality

Leading to...

• Increasing demand

• Security of supply issues

• Rising costs

Major risk for business

Global water challenge

Russia (2010) • worst drought in a century

• Poverty spiked (2% in Pakistan)

• Wheat prices (20% increase)

• UK animal feedstuffs prices increases

Thailand (2011) • Major floods

• 880 people killed

• $45 billion economic loss

• 25% of rice crop destroyed

• Lloyds insurance losses of £516m (£4.6

billion in disaster payouts)

• Computer prices spiked globally by 20%

• Nikon– no DSLR production for several

months

• Toyota lost 260,000 vehicles, 56% decrease

in revenue, $2.5 billion loss

Embedded risk - virtual water

15,000 litres = 1kg

120 litres = 1 glass 35 litres = 1 cup 50 litres = 1 orange

260 litres = 1kg

Water availability

Water availability – Winter 2012

Water availability – Winter 2014

The Scottish Government wishes us to recognise our good fortune in having abundant water and excellent sanitation in order to:

• Promote water as an economic

development tool

• Look to attract water intensive activities

from areas of water stress

• Ensure good stewardship of Scotland’s

abundant water resources

• Water Resources (Scotland) Bill

Loch Ness is deeper than the

North Sea - it contains more

freshwater than all the lakes in

England and Wales combined.

Scottish Government – Hydro Nation

Water regulatory framework

The Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2011 (CAR):

• Protect Scotland’s water environment

• Authorisation required for discharges, disposals to land, abstractions, impoundments & engineering works

Water Environment Water Services (WEWS) Act – Sustainable Urban Drainage • Requires new developments to employ

sustainable urban drainage systems • Move away from traditional piping into

watercourses – intermediary step • wetlands, ponding, swales

EU Water Framework Directive

• Cleaning up Europe’s waters (Surface & Ground) -

“good status” by 2015.

• Pay for water by volume

• River basin management plans – management of

water resources and protection from climate change

• Improved monitoring

Water regulatory framework

Other legal drivers

• Waste (Scotland) Regulations 2011

─ Macerators banned

• 01 January 2016

• Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009

─ 80% reduction in GHG emissions by 2050

Scottish Water carbon footprint

Scotland’s largest purchaser of electricity… • Supply pumping • Wastewater pumping • Water / wastewater treatment • Infrastructure serving geographically

spread population – few economies of scale!

448,186 tCO2e in 2010/11

Supply emissions

tCO2/1,000m3

Treatment emissions

tCO2/1,000m3

UK average 0.36 0.7

Scotland 0.17 0.81

Scottish privatisation

• Since April 2008

• All non-household customers

• Switch supplier

Why reduce water?

• Water is a commercial resource - £££

• Associated cost, carbon and energy savings

• Supply & treatment costs increase with energy

prices

• Improved competitive position

• Positive PR

• Increased security of supply

…consider how much you spend on water.

£ ££ £££ ££££ Other costs may include … • Energy to pump

• Labour input

• Distillation / Softening

• Trade effluent

Why reduce water?

Two drops/second 9.5 m3/yr and £21/year in water + sewerage Drops breaking to a stream 31 m3/yr and £70/year in water + sewerage 3 mm stream 335 m3/yr and £750/year in water + sewerage

Why reduce water?

“The world’s most environmentally friendly retailer by 2015”

“We want to see our suppliers’ sustainability action plans”

“We insist that our suppliers are ISO 14001 certified”

• Larger businesses increasingly demanding

sustainability from suppliers;

• Sustainability becoming a routine requirement for

public-sector tenders;

• Accredited standards particularly important if operating

in international markets.

Preparing for Resource Scarcity

Understanding your water consumption, costs and impacts

Planning for water efficiency

Collect initial data

Gain senior management commitment

Gain a picture of your water

use

Identify areas for

improvement

Planning for water efficiency

Collect initial data

Gain senior management commitment

Gain a picture of your water

use

Identify areas for

improvement

• Water bill data

• Water meter data

Planning for water efficiency

Collect initial data

Gain senior management commitment

Gain a picture of your water

use

Identify areas for

improvement

• Water bill data

• Water meter data

• Resources available

• Senior management buy-in

• Communicate high level benefits

Planning for water efficiency

Collect initial data

Gain senior management commitment

Gain a picture of your water

use

Identify areas for

improvement

• Water bill data

• Water meter data

• Resources available

• Senior management buy-in

• Communicate high level benefits

• Site walk around • Water mass

balance

Planning for water efficiency

Collect initial data

Gain senior management commitment

Gain a picture of your water

use

Identify areas for

improvement

• Water bill data

• Water meter data

• Resources available

• Senior management buy-in

• Communicate high level benefits

• Site walk around • Water mass

balance

• High water use • High cost areas • Further

investigation

Planning for water efficiency

The key information to review on the bill includes: • Billing period • Meter serial number

• Actual or estimated data

• Volume of water used

• Cost of water supply

• Wastewater disposal • Trade effluent • Roads and rainwater drainage (Rateable Value) • Your meter size (mm)

Reading & interpreting water bills

Supply address

Billing period

Charges breakdown

Total charge

Explanation of charging

Volumetric breakdown (e.g. m3)

Meter size (mm), serial number & location

Wastewater & Trade effluent

• Wastewater is generally charged at 95%

• There are allowances (e.g. swimming pool, water in

product)

Significant trade effluent requires a licence. Charging is based on the Mogden Formula which considers:

• Total dissolved solids (TDS)

• Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

• Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

• Maximum Daily Volume

WRAP Mogden Formula Tool http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/mogden-formula-tool-0

Top Tip - Check that your bill allows for any water not entering the public sewerage system.

Regular monitoring

• Identify leaks / irregularities

• Unauthorised use

• Take meter readings regularly

• Time periods should be consistent

• Look at sub-metering if appropriate

• Set individual responsibility

• Track progress using appropriate

benchmark(s)

• Zero Waste Scotland tracking spread sheet

• Locate water meter • Information on its location is often outlined on the

water bill • Check serial number • Not all sites have a water meter

Top Tips • Record meter readings regularly (consistent

timescale) • Measure water use during shutdown period • Check meter is the correct size (mm) • Consider Automated Meter Reading technology • Sub-meter high water using processes

Data Collection - Reading & interpreting a water meter

m3 Hundredths of m3

Your water bill

Exercise – Question 1

15 minutes

Planning for water efficiency

Objective: to get buy-in to investigate

• Resources required

• Personnel required

• Agree objectives and targets

• Meter / Bill data to hand

• Consider wider benefits

─ Energy (hot water)

─ Carbon

─ Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

─ Environmental Management Systems (EMS)

─ Added value…

Gain senior management commitment

Planning for water efficiency

• This works on the principle that what comes in, must go out.

Taking time to develop a water mass balance helps an organisation: • understand where water is used,

• what activities are producing

wastewater;

• identify areas with the greatest cost saving potential; and

• detect leaks.

Build a water mass balance

A typical business uses around 25 litres per person per day (40 litres with a canteen)

Water Mass Balance

Meter readings?

Water bills?

Water bills?

Meter readings?

…95% assumption correct?

Need more information

Supplied (?? m3)

Wastewater (?? m3)

Water mass balance

Conduct a site walk around

What do you need?

• Notebook & pen

• Camera

• Personal Protective Equipment

• Bucket / bottle & stopwatch

• Site layout plan

Prior to walk around

• Ensure key colleagues are available

• Use a site layout plan to make notes on potential improvements

Conduct a site walk around

What do you need?

• Notebook & pen

• Camera

• Personal Protective Equipment

• Bucket / bottle & stopwatch

• Site layout plan

Prior to walk around

• Ensure key colleagues are available

• Use a site layout plan to make notes on potential improvements

During the site visit

On site layout plan note:

• Water use including toilets and canteen areas

• Potential improvements

• Actions and follow-up questions

• Evaporation

• Drains (Foul sewer / effluent)

• Fixture and fitting numbers (toilet/taps/showers etc.)

• Ask questions

• Take photos

• Measure flow rates – bucket & stopwatch

• Collect equipment manufacturer and model numbers

Conduct a site walk around

Planning for water efficiency

Review - What have you got?

• Meter data / Bill data

• Flow rates

• A site plan and notes on water use

• Sub-meter data (if applicable)

• Information from colleagues

• Anecdotal information from observation

What are you looking for?

General

• Areas of high water use to target effort

• Areas where water use appears excessive

• Dripping taps / leaks

Domestic

• Cisterns larger than 6 litres

• Un-controlled urinals

• Taps with flow rates in excess of 6 litres per minute

Cleaning

• No trigger spray guns on hoses

• Excessive water use

Process

• Areas where water is only used once and can be used elsewhere (especially hot water)

Assembly • Significant process water

use (Paint Shop)

• Cleaning activities (uncontrolled)

• Sub-metering shows high water use

Canteen • Tap left running • Tap flow rate of 12

litres/min • Food defrosted under

running tap • Plates rinsed under

running tap (no plugs)

General Domestic • Lots of dripping taps and

flow rates in excess of 10 litres/min

• No controls on urinals • A mix of toilet cisterns,

most in excess of 6 litres.

Assumptions

• Daily occupancy – consider annual leave, remote

workers, part time staff, off-site working

• Tap operation time - 0.33 minutes per use

• Number of uses per person - (Men 2 / women 3)

• Urinals – operate 24/7/365? 4 flushes per hour

• Showers – number of uses per day? Will depend on

number of cyclists / runners etc. 1-5% of staff

Water use activity Typical expected usage

Overall employee water use (canteen on site)

40 litres / day

Overall employee water use (no canteen on site)

25 litres / day

Conventional urinal (no control device fitted)

540 - 864 litres / day / cistern

Toilet 6 - 13 litres / flush

Showers (no control device fitted) 8 - 12 litres / min

Tap (no control device fitted) 6 - 12 litres / min

Dripping tap ~ 14 litres / day

Typical expected usage

Your water bill

Exercise – Questions 2 & 3

15 minutes

Break

Water saving devices & techniques

Water saving devices & techniques

Simple water saving measures can be applied on most sites.

• Increasing Staff awareness

• Domestic water reduction

• Pipework & overflows

• Kitchen & canteen

• Common process improvements

Get buy-in from staff to help implement a water efficiency programme. • Liaise with the Green Team • Identify staff willing to help

• Provide training where appropriate

• Ensure staff are aware of how to report leaks • Encourage water minimisation ideas • Inform staff about what you are trying to achieve

• Keep staff updated on progress and how they can help

Staff awareness

Common opportunities

Example savings

• Office with 100 staff daily

• 50:50 Men and Women

• Men use facilities once per day

• Women use facilities twice per day

• 3 urinal cisterns at 9 litres per flush (4 times per hour)

• Tap is operated for 0.33 minutes per use

• Site is operational 8 hours per day, 250 days per year

• £2.20 per m3 supply and sewerage

• 4p/kWh energy

Toilets Particularly where cisterns are larger than 6 litres in size consider: • installing cistern volume adjusters (1

litre) • Low flush / dual flush toilets

• Ensure leaking toilets are reported,

and inspected as part of on-going maintenance

Domestic water reduction

Toilets Particularly where cisterns are larger than 6 litres in size consider: • installing cistern volume adjusters (1

litre) • Low flush / dual flush toilets

• Ensure leaking toilets are reported,

and inspected as part of on-going maintenance

Domestic water reduction

Savings 62,500 litres per year £138 per year ~£20 to implement (£2 per device)

Urinals

Uncontrolled urinals will flush 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Install control devices to save up to 70% of flush.

• Passive Infra-Red sensors to detect

presence (PIR) will reduce flush frequency out of hours and during quiet periods.

• Flush timers can be installed so that urinals

only flush during certain times. Particularly useful for a 9am – 5pm operation.

• Pressure sensitive hydraulic valves triggers the urinal cistern to fill when pressure drops (e.g. someone washing their hands)

Domestic water reduction

Domestic water reduction

Urinals

Uncontrolled urinals will flush 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Install control devices to save up to 70% of flush.

• Passive Infra-Red sensors to detect

presence (PIR) will reduce flush frequency out of hours and during quiet periods.

• Flush timers can be installed so that urinals

only flush during certain times. Particularly useful for a 9am – 5pm operation.

• Pressure sensitive hydraulic valves triggers the urinal cistern to fill when pressure drops (e.g. someone washing their hands)

Savings 730,080 litres per year £1,606 per year ~£450 to implement (£150 per device)

Taps Best practice flow rate for taps is 4 litres per minute. Many taps far exceed this. To control this consider the following technologies.

• Flow regulators can be retrofitted to some taps or

alternatively may be included in a new tap. These reduce the flow rate of the water to a pre-determined level.

• Tap aerators may be retrofitted to taps to maintain

pressure while reducing water use through displacement of water with air.

• Water efficient taps including automatic, spray or

percussion (push) taps

• Foam soaps can be used to reduce water used when

washing hands

Domestic water reduction

Taps Best practice flow rate for taps is 4 litres per minute. Many taps far exceed this. To control this consider the following technologies.

• Flow regulators can be retrofitted to some taps or

alternatively may be included in a new tap. These reduce the flow rate of the water to a pre-determined level.

• Tap aerators may be retrofitted to taps to maintain

pressure while reducing water use through displacement of water with air.

• Water efficient taps including automatic, spray or

percussion (push) taps

• Foam soaps can be used to reduce water used when

washing hands

Domestic water reduction

Assuming a flow rate reduction of 4 litres per minute. Savings 82,500 litres per year £252 per year (including energy) £100 (10 sets of taps, £5 per device) implementation cost

Showers Best practice for showers is 6 litres per minute. Performance need not be affected by reduced flow rates. • install flow regulators,

• aerating showerheads and/or push button

controls.

Domestic water reduction

Showers Best practice for showers is 6 litres per minute. Performance need not be affected by reduced flow rates. • install flow regulators,

• aerating showerheads and/or push button

controls.

Domestic water reduction

Assuming a flow rate reduction of 4 litres per minute and 10 staff uses per day for 10 minutes per use. Savings 100,000 litres per year £303 per year (including energy savings) £25 (5 showers, £5 per device) implementation cost

Improvement Device No. of units

Cost per unit

Total cost of devices

Water savings (l)

Cost savings

Payback

Reduce WC flush volume

Cistern volume adjuster

10 £2 £20 62,500 £138 2 months

Reduce urinal flush volume

Flush timer 3 £150 £450 730,080 £1,606 3 months

Reduce tap flow rate

Flow regulators 20 £5 £100 82,500 £252 5 months

Reduce shower flow rate

Flow regulators 5 £5 £25 100,000 £303 1 month

Total £595 975,080 £2,299

Savings summary

• Check pipe work, tanks and overflows and look for leaks

• Leaks beyond the meter are the organisation’s responsibility

• Ensure flow control mechanisms are working correctly

• Consider the water pressure

required and identify any areas where pressure could be reduced by installing a pressure reducing valve or flow regulator.

• Employ a regular check and maintain programme

Pipework & overflows

Top tip – listen for water flowing during a period of shut down

• Don’t defrost under running water

• Trigger-activated spray guns

• Remove macerators

• Ensure dishwashers are full

• Purchase water saving equipment

• Use eco-settings where available

• Make sure plugs are available

Kitchen / Canteen

Review current cleaning practices

• Introduce dry cleaning techniques (scrapers/squeegees/brushes)

• Look at automated cleaning systems (cleaning in place) • Trigger activated spray guns with different settings

Common process areas

Water re-use Consider where water (and or heat) can be recycled elsewhere. • Look into water treatment &

recycling systems • Alternative water sources

─ rainwater harvesting ─ grey-water harvesting

• Look at where value is being

added to the water (e.g. heating, softening, de-ionisation etc.)

Common process areas

Water efficient technologies

Exercise 2: 30 minutes

Developing and implementing an action plan

What further information do you need to collect in order to prioritise your list of improvements?

• Review your notes from your site walk around

• Consult with colleagues

Estimate:

• How much will the improvement cost?

• How much will the improvement save?

• What payback can be achieved?

• What are the wider benefits?

Identifying specific improvements

Prioritise your actions and plan for their implementation.

Identifying specific improvements

Also consider:

• Conducting a site walk around

• trialling different devices;

• communicating with staff to encourage behaviour change; and

• consulting with key managers to check that the implementation of

your plans will not adversely affect other business activities.

Legal compliance

Highest cost

saving

Highest water use

saving Strategic

importance Quick

payback

Use targets to plan & monitor progress

Implementing specific improvements

Specific Well defined to all of your colleagues;

Measurable Know when the target is achieved;

Achievable Resource / knowledge available;

Relevant The goal is sensible and attainable;

Time bound Completion within a given timescale.

• Communicate in the context of progress towards objectives

and targets.

• Senior management will expect you to monitor progress

against targets.

Implementing your action plan

Any changes will need to be communicated to staff. In particular you should look to:

• raise awareness of the programme

• provide information on why change is important

• give instructions and a clear call to action

• communicate relevant messages to all staff in different parts of the

organisation

The graph on the next page provides an example of how progress against a set target can be assessed.

• Drivers for change

• Building an understanding of your water use, and

where you use it

• How to identify appropriate efficiency opportunities

• Water saving technologies and techniques

• Developing an action plan

Conclusion

Best practice case studies

Greening Government commitment to significantly reduce

the impact government has on the environment

• East Kilbride

─ The review identified total potential water savings of

up to 28,241m3 (77%) per year and estimated cost savings of up to £47,669.

HM Revenue & Customs

• Reduce flow rate of taps to bring in line with best practice ─ Saving 4% of annual water use (2 month payback)

• Carry out an overnight water reading and instigate leak detection activities if appropriate

─ Estimated saving of up to 49% of annual water use

• Consider installing a rainwater harvesting system to flush toilets within the site

• Further improve communications between HMRC and their facilities

management

HM Revenue & Customs

Case Study - Natural Fruit & Beverage Company

• Worked closely with Zero Waste Scotland in 2009

• Manufacture fruit purees and bottle drinks

• Installed sub-meter to help construct a mass balance

• Identified Top 3 water using activities

─ Product cooling baths (35%)

─ Other tenants on site (25%)

─ Product sterilising tunnels (10%)

• 16,600m3 reduction in cooling baths (£12,000)

• 4,100m3 reduction in sterilising tunnels (£3,000)

• Gas & electricity savings of £15,000

Sterilising tunnels

Case Study – Natural Fruit & Beverage Company

Cooling baths

Case Study – Natural Fruit & Beverage Company

• Oldest brewer in Great Britain founded in 1698

• Produce around 230,000 barrels a year

• Membrane filtration system to treat wastewater for

recovery and re-used in on-site processes.

• Total cost £3.6M

• 109,500 m3 (53%) per year waste water recovered

Shepherd Neame

“Installing the efficient membrane filtration system will improve our cash flow in the first year of operation by £0.5m.” Jeff William, Chief Engineer

Shepherd Neame

“The decision to go forward with this proven

technology was influenced by the fact that ECA

could be applied for. Installing the efficient

membrane filtration system will improve our cash

flow in the first year of operation by £0.5m.”

Jeff William, Chief Engineer

Honeywell

• Original base in Motherwell

₋ Operations in China, India and across Europe

• Electronics manufacturer

₋ Heating controls, LED lighting

• Large energy and water intensive site

• Continual drive for cost and environmental

savings

• Internal competition

Honeywell

• Existing cooling tower was unreliable and used

lots of water and energy.

• Replacement Dry Air Blast Cooler

₋ Saving 90,000m3 water each year

₋ Reduced energy consumption

₋ Reduced downtime

Henderson’s of Edinburgh

Next steps: A lesson to take away

Next steps

Funding and support

• Enhanced Capital Allowances

─ Energy Technology list (www.eca.gov.uk )

─ Water Technology list ( wtl.defra.gov.uk )

• Resource Efficient Scotland SME Loans

• Dedicated advice from the Resource Efficient Scotland team.

Water Technology List

• Encourages investment in water efficient products

─ Provides a fiscal incentive (tax relief)

─ Procurement tool for business

─ Marketing tool for manufacturers

• Developed with UK Government - launched in 2003

─ Over 3,000 products across 13 technology

categories

─ Support for systems that enable reuse

─ Over 175 manufacturers listed

Water Technology List

Taxable business profit

Cost of product on WTL Reduced taxable profit

Cost of product on WTL

A business buys a product on the WTL for £1,000

Assuming the business pays tax at 23%

The business can claim 100% First year allowance on its spending reducing taxable profits by £1,000

The business pays £230 less tax in this period

Clean in place Efficient showers Efficient taps

Efficient toilets Washing machines Flow controllers

Leak detection Meters & sub-meters Monitoring

Industrial cleaning Mechanical seals Water reuse

Rainwater harvesting Sludge dewatering Greywater harvesting

Water Technology List

Resource Efficient Scotland SME Loans

• Interest free (0%) and un-secured loan

• Flexible loan amounts up to £100,000

• Applications must be supported by a qualifying

report.

• Download an application form here:

• http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/scotland/Orga

nisations/Technology/In-depth-energy-

advice/Resource-Efficient-Scotland-SME-loans

We provide free, specialist advice and on-site support to help decision makers in business, public and third-sector

organisations cut their energy, water, waste, raw material and transport costs.

0800 808 2268 www.resourceefficientscotland.com

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