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Chris ElliottBHA Working Group MemberWestern Renewable
Energy
How to develop a
Hydropower Facility
Cornwall Renewable EnergyShow
27 J uly 2012
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What is Hydropower?
Water Mills Low impact!
Dams High impactStorage
Run-of-River
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Diversion Channel
Intake
Pipeline
Tailrace
Powerhouse
Power LinePower Line
What is Hydropower?
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Head (H)
HH
Hydro Basics
It all depends on the head
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Head (H)
Flow rate (Q) QQ HH
. and Flow Rate
Hydro Basics
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QQ HH
Power
Water poweravailable = H x Q
Power output also
depends upon:
Head losses
Turbine EfficiencyGenerator Efficiency
Drive losses
xx
Hydro Basics
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Theres no such thing as a 80 kW water turbine
Medium Head = 10m
Flow = 1m/s P = 80 kW
Low Head = 1m
Flow = 10m/s P = 80 kW
Small water turbineLarge water turbine
Hydro Basics
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Impulse turbines
High head
25m or more head In SW mainly small
flows 100 l/s or less
Upland rivers Long deprived reaches
Minor rivers
Quite hidden
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Crossflow Turbines
5 to 25m headtypically
Typically 50 to 1000l/s
Flat efficiency curve Lots of SW sites
suitable
Makes use of draft Often good for old
mills on smaller rivers
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Reaction machines
Francis machines
Similar applicability toCrossflows
Available new, alsocommon historical design
Reliable and typically fromUK firm
Kaplan machines
5m or less head
1000 l/s or more
Needs screening
Great efficiency
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Screw turbines
5m or less head
500 l/s or more No screening needed
Good efficiency
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1. Pre-Feasibility
2. Feasibility3. Planning and Licensing
4. Detailed Design5. Construction
Five stages
THE PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
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Experience
BHA membership
REAL Assurance
member
Professionally qualified
staff
Local contacts
Long term relationshipChoosing an installer
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Timescales & Costs
Stage Typical Timescale Approximate Cost
1. Pre-Feasibility 2 months 500 - 2,000
2. Feasibility 4 months 3,000 - 10,000
3. Planning &
Licensing
6 24 months 1,000 - 25,000
4. DetailedDesign
Included in 5 Included in 5
5. Construction 10 12 months 2,000 - 10,000
per kW
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Sources of further information:
www.british-hydro.org
BHA installer listings
Mills groups
BHA Micro hydro guide
Environment Agency Good
Practice Guide
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HYDROPOWER
A New Lease of Life
