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Antebellum america?

America has just experienced a surge of growth, and now the North and South are

developing very differently….

(period of time before the American Civil war)

Pre-Game Commentary Broadcast-

Causes of the Civil War---------------------------

Option 1- Differences between the North and the

South

Antebellum america- THE NORTH

The North developed industrially. (Factories, manufacturing.)

Growth of urban cities and towns.More railroads, canals, roads, etc.

Population much greater than in the South.

Antebellum america-

The south

Agriculture was the key to the economy. Cash crops: cotton, rice, tobacco and sugarcane.

Most people lived on farms. Fewer cities and towns than in the North.

Cotton became King after the invention of the cotton gin. Created a greater demand for slaves.

Pre-Game Commentary Broadcast-

Causes of the Civil War---------------------------

Option 2- The Compromises

The Missouri Compromise (AKA The Compromise of 1820)

- In 1819, the number of free and slave states in the United States was equal

-This way, both sides had equal representation in the Senate

The Missouri Compromise 1820

- By 1804, all Northern States had outlawed slavery.

- For a time, there were an equal number of free states and slave states. This kept a balance between the North and South in the Senate

- In 1820, the Missouri Territory wanted to become a slave state-This would upset the balance between free states and slave states

How was the problem resolved?

North South

Missouri is added as a slave state

Maine is admitted as a free state to keep the balance

The Missouri Compromise

- All states SOUTH of the SOUTHERN border of Missouri were open to slavery. Those NORTH of the border cannot have slaves

Kept the peace for 30 years….So … why would North Carolinians be

angered?1. The Missouri Compromise limited slavery in the West, which angered many southerners 2. Gradually, slave states (NC) began to lose their power as new free states were added

The Compromise of 1850

● In, 1848 the United States gained new lands after winning the Mexican-American War. These lands presented a new challenge since the Missouri Compromise did not cover them.

North: South: California is admitted as a free state

1.) Fugitive Slave Law forces northerners to return runaway slaves

2.) UT and NM territories given “popular sovereignty” over slavery

The Compromise of 1850

The Kansas-Nebraska

Act=

Bloody Kansas

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

● In 1854, Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act,

which organized the remaining territory acquired in

the Louisiana Purchase

● The bill divided the region into two territories.

Territory to the NORTH was called NEBRASKA

Territory, and territory to the SOUTH was called

KANSAS Territory.

● Both pro-slavery and anti-slavery advocates

organized teams of people to settle in the state. Not

surprisingly, the area became a battleground for both

sides, and the resulting violence caused the territory

to be referred to as “Bleeding Kansas,” and was one of

the first major causes of the Civil War.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

In 1854, the Missouri Compromise was repealed.Kansas and Nebraska were given “popular sovereignty”

Thousands of abolitionistsand anti-abolitionists rushed

to the territories to arguewhether they should become

free or slave states

(The right to let the people decide if they wanted slavery or not)

“Bleeding Kansas”

The clash between abolitionists and anti-abolitionists (over the status of Kansas and Nebraska) led to brawls and murders

This led to the nickname

“Bleeding Kansas”

Pre-Game Commentary Broadcast-

Causes of the Civil War---------------------------Option 3- Resisting Slavery

• ... this nation is rotten at the heart, and ... nothing but the most tremendous blows with the sledge-hammer of abolition truth, could ever have broken the false rest which we had taken up for ourselves on the very brink of ruin.

» Angelina Grimke

Slavery

•By 1830 slavery was primarily located in the South, where it existed in many different forms.• African Americans were enslaved on small farms, large

plantations, in cities and towns, inside homes, out in the fields, and in industry and transportation.•Slaves were considered property, and they were property

because they were black. •Their status as property was enforced by violence•Lived in terrible conditions•Often separated from families

Slavery

• 200 slave uprisings in the U.S. between 1776 and 1869

• Uprisings were one way to rebel, the other was escape, most along the…

Underground Railroad

▪ Informal network of people aiding escaped slaves▪ Offered shelter/hiding, food, and directions to the next

friendly spot▪ Harriet Tubman

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Cupboard with a secret compartment

Routes

Different escape routes of Slaves.

Notice all of the red in Ohio!

Abolitionist Movement• Abolitionist - someone

working to abolish (end) slavery

• Mostly work of American

women

The Dred Scott Decision

Dred Scott (slave) sued his master for his freedom because they had traveled to areas where slavery was illegal (IL and WI)

(How can I be a slave in a place that has outlawed slavery?)

The Supreme Court ruled against Scott:

This was a “slap in the face” to abolitionists

workingfor slave rights

- slaves were not (and could never be) citizens of the United States

- because Dred Scott was a slave, he could not sue in federal court. This is a right that citizens have - not slaves!

John Brown was a radical abolitionistHe believed slavery must be stopped at all costs, using violence if necessary

Brown planned to raid the federalarsenal at Harper’s Ferry (VA),

givethe weapons to fugitive slaves,

and lead a slave revolt that wouldput an end to slavery

Pre-Game Commentary Broadcast-

Causes of the Civil War---------------------------Option 4- The Election of

1860

The Presidential Elections of 1860

● Slavery was the most important issue in the presidential election of 1860

● The Republican Party- nominated Abraham Lincoln● The Democratic Party- Northern voters nominated

Stephen Douglas. Southern Democrats nominated John Breckinridge.

● Southerners threatened to LEAVE THE UNION if Lincoln was elected.

● Lincoln did not win a SINGLE southern state…..but because there were TWO democratic candidates splitting the votes, Lincoln won the election!

The Presidential Elections of 1860

● By February of 1861…. South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas said BYE UNION

● They joined and formed the CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA

● Jefferson Davis was elected the President of the NEW southern country.

“After Four Years of

Bloodshed, The civil war

was over…”

……….600,000 Deaths