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How Social Investments Can Increase Wellbeing. Jon Kvist Roskilde University. Edinburgh, June 16, 2014 . The Goal of the Welfare State?. To create a room where everybody can develop their human potential OR The sum of all public welfare policies OR Public policies aimed at developing - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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How Social Investments Can Increase Wellbeing
Jon KvistRoskilde University
Edinburgh, June 16, 2014
The Goal of the Welfare State?
1 To create a room where everybody can develop their human potential
OR2 The sum of all public welfare policies
OR3 Public policies aimed at developing
the human capital of the population
Parents Offspring
Intergenerational transmission
CapitalEconomicCulturalSocial
NOT NECESSARILY THE SAME PICTURE FOR PENALTY AND PREMIUMS
NOT NECESSARILY THE SAME PICTURE FOR BOYS AND GIRLS
Skill formation
Insurance to promote risk
taking
Safety net to ameliorate poverty
The Social Investment Circus
The intergenerational contract
Children and youth Working aged Old age people
T +1
T
T +2
Example childhood policies directed at children, families and companies
• Children– Childcare: availability, affordability, quality– Childcare: general and targeted (disadvantaged, solo parents,
mainly women)• Families– Cash– Councelling– Time
• Companies– Reconcile work and family life– Combat gender discriminatory practices
Child Care ModelsAffordable
Availability
Quality
Employment gap of mothers:DK 1.9 %-point, UK – 16.4, DE -18.4
UK: 10% not available, 4% insufficient quality, 73% too expensive DE: 25% not available, 31% too expensive
Denmark Germany Italy Poland UK
77
20 22
8
35
87
2117
4
20
83
2328
4
53
Childcare coverage, < 3 years, % Total Poorest quintile Richest quintile
Young people not in employment AND not in education OR training
EU 28
United Kingdom
Lithuania
Germany
Finland
Sweden
Denmark
Norway
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0
13.1
14.0
11.2
7.1
8.6
7.8
6.6
5.2NEET Rates, 15-24 years
Source: Eurostat (2013)
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96100
-70000
-60000
-50000
-40000
-30000
-20000
-10000
0
10000
20000
30000
Women get moreeducation than men
Men more often cared for by women than women by men
Gender pay gap,glass ceiling for women,
more women than men havecareer breaks and
part-time work
Women havelower pension income
than men
Men’s take-upof leave is low
Euro
Age
Men
Women
Example: Combatting gender stereotypes in early years
• Increase men’s time with children• More children in childcare• More men in female dominated jobs• Curricula and awareness in childcare
There are additional important dimensions:
• Skills• Ethnicity• Spatial stuff• advantage and disadvantages tends to
compound, i.e. intersectionality matters (e.g. gender, age, skills, and etnicity)
Concluding remarks• Social investments can improve wellbeing and equality• Men: more and better participation in the family + men in
female dominated jobs• Women: better use of human capital in the market -> less
discrimination + credits for care and birth• Both: fighting gender stereotypes + more, cheaper and
better childcare• Theoretically frame: dynamic, multi-dimensional outcomes,
configurational policy packages, intersectional target groups• End result: less gender inequalities, more wellbeing
• Thanks for your attention!