HOWARD,OUl'er Otis, soldier, b. in Leeds, Me., 8 Nov., 1830. He was graduated at Bowdoin in 1850, and at the U. S. military academy {n 1854, became 1st lieutenant and instructor in mathemat­

ics in 1854, and resigned in 1861 to take com­mand of the 3d Maine reg· iment. He comma,ndeda brigade at the first battle of BullRun,and for gallantry in that en­gagementwas made briga­dier - general of vol nn teers, 3 Sept., 1861. He was twice wounded at the battle of

Fair Oaks, losing his right arm on 1 June, 1862, was on sick-leave for six months, and engaged in recruiting service till September of this year, when he participated in the battle of Antietam, a,nd after­ward took Gen. John Sedgwick's division in the 2d corps. In No"ember, 1862. he became major-gen­eral of volunteers. He commanded the 11th corps during Gen. Joseph Hooker's operations in the vicinity of Fredericksburg, 2 May, 1863, served at Gettysburg, Lookon t Valley, and Missionary Ridge, and was on the expedition for the relief of Knox­ville in December, 1863. He was in occnpation of Chattanooga from this time till July, 1864, when he was assigned to thc Army of the Tennessee in the invasion of Gcorgia, was ell?:aged at Dalton, Resaca, Adairsville, and Pickett s Mill, where he was again wonnded, was at the surrender of At­lanta, and joined in pursuit of the Confederates in Alabama, under Gen. John B. Hood, from 4 Oct. till 13 Dec., 1864. In the march to the sea and the invasion of the Carolinas he commanded the right wing of Gen. William T. Sherman's army. He became brigadier-general in the U. S. army, 21 Dec., 1864. He was in command of the Army of the Tennessee, and engaged in all the important

battles from 4 Jan. till 26 April, 1865, occllpying Goldsborough, N. 0., 24 l\brch, 1865, and partici­pating in numerous skirmishes, terminating with the surrender of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston at Dur­ham, N. 0., 26 Apl'il, 1865. In March of this year he was brevetted major-general ·for gallantry at the battle of Ezra Ohurch and the campaigns against Atlanta, Ga. He was commissioner of the Fi'eedmen's bureau at Washington from March, 1865, till July, 1874, and in that year was assigned to the command of the Department of the Oolum­bia. In 1877 he led the expedition against t.he Nez Pm'ces Indians, and in 1878 led tho campais-n against the Bannocks and Piutos. In 1881-'2 hc was superintcndent of the U. S. military academy. In 1886 Gen. Howard was commissioned major­general, and given command of the division of the Paoific. Bowdoin oollege gave him the degree of A. M. in 1853, Waterville college that of LL. D. in 1865, Shurtleff college the same in 1865, and Gettysburg theological seminary in 1866. He was also made a. chevalier of the Legion of honor by the French government in 1884. Gen. Howard was retired in 1894, and in 1898 wns active in the movement for National volunteer reserves. He has contributed various articles to magazines, and has published" Donald's School Days" (1879); "Ohief Joseph, or the Nez Perces in Peace and "Var" (1881); and" Genel'al Taylor" (in the" Great Oom­manders" series, New York. 1893).

1634 .. (Bom Me.) ......OLIVER O. HOWARD ......... (Ap'd Me.) .. 4

Military History.-Cadet at the U. S. Military Academy from Sep. 1, 1850, to July 1, 1854, when he was graduated and promoted in the Army to

BVT. SECOND LIEUT. OF ORDNANCE, JULY 1, 1854. Served: as Assistant at Watervliet Arsenal, N. Y. , 185<!-55; in command of

(SECOND LIEUT., ORDNANCE, FEB. 15, 1855) Kennebec Arsenal, Me., 1855- 56; as Assistant at Watervliet Ar~enn.], N. Y., 1856; liS Chief of Ordnance duting Florida Hostilities against the Seminole Indians, 1857; and at the Military Academy liS Asst. Professor of Ml\themat­

(FIRST LIEUT., ORDNANCE, JULY 1, 1857) ics, Scpo 21, 1857, to June 3, 1861.

RESIGNED, JUNE 7, 1861.

Civil History.-Degree of A. 111:. conferred by Bowdoin College, Me., 1853.

Military History.-Served during the Rebellion of the Seceding States. 1861-66: in the Defenses of Washington, D. C., June-July, 1861; in command

(COLONEL, 3D MAINE VOLUNTEERS, JUNE 4, 1861) of Brigade in the MAcnassas Campaign of July, 1861. being engaged in the Bat­tle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861; in the Defenses of Wnshington, D. C., July 23, 1861, to April 4, 1862, being engaged in Reconnoissances to Fairfax Station, Va_.

(BnIG.-GENERAL, U. S . VOLUNTEERS, REP. 3, 1861)

24

370 GRADUATES OF THE

NUMBER. 1854. CLASS RANK.

Mar. 3, and to the Rappahannock, Mar. 18, 1862; in the Virginia P eninsular Campaign (Anny of the Potomac), Apr.-June, 1862, being engaged ill building wharves and roads, and unloading stores at Yorktown dlU-ing the Siege of the place, Apr. 8 to May 4, 1862,-and Battle of Fair Oaks, June 1, 186~, where he was twice severely wounded, losing his right arm; on sick leave of absence, disahlcd by wounds, June 2 to Aug. 27, 1862, devoting himself, when conva­lescent, to misiugVolunteers; in the Northern Virginia Campaif(n, Aug.-Sep., 1862, being engaged in a Skirmish near Centreville, Sep. 1, 1862, - and cover­ing the ret.reat to Washington, D. C. , Sep. 1- 2, 11:>62; in the Maryland Campaign (Army of the Potomac), Sep. - Nov., 1862, being engaged in the Batt.le of Antietam, Sep. 17, 1862,- and on the March to Falmouth, Va., Oct.­Nov., 1862; in the Rappahannock Campaign (Army of the Potomac), Dec.,

(MAJOR-GENERAL, U. S. VOLUNTEERS, Nov. 29, 1862) 1862,-June, 1863, being engaged in the Battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862,-in command of 11th Army Corps fronf Apr. 1, 1863, - and Battle of Chancellorsville, May 2- 4, 1863; in command of 11th Corps (Army of the Potomac), in the Pennsylvania Campaign, June-Sep., 1863, being engaged in the Bnttle of Gettysbmg, July 1-3, 1863,-Pmsuit of the enemy to Warrentcn, Va., July. 1863,- and guarding the Orange and Alexandria Railroad near Catlett's Station, July- Sep., 1863; en route to Bri<1geport, Ten., ·Sep. 24 to 10ct. 4, 1863; in Operations about Chattanooga, Oct. 27 to Nov. 26,1863, being .engaged in the Action of Lookout Valley, Oct. 29, 1863,-·and Battle of Mis­:sionary Ridge, Nov. 23- 25, 1863; on Expedition for the Relief of Knoxville, Ten., Nov. 26 to Dec. 17, 1863; in Occupation of Chattanooga, Dec. 17, 186il • .to May il, 1864, being assigned to the command of the 4th Corps, April 10, 1864, when the 11th and 12th were consolidated to form the 20th Corps; in ·command of 4th Corps (Army of the Cumberland), till assigned, July 27, 1864, to the command of the Army of the Tennessee, in the Invasion of Georgia, May 3 to Dec, 21, 1864. being engaged in operations aronnd Dalton. May 7-12, 1864,--Battle of Resuca, May 14- 15, 1864.--Action of Adairsville, May 17, 1864,-Action of Cassville, May 19, 1864,-Battle of Dallas, May 25- 26, 1864, -Action of Pickett's Mill. May 27, 1864, whel'e he was wonnded, - Battles and Skirmishes about Piue and Kenesaw Mountains, June 20 to July 2, 1864,­Action of SmYl'lla Camp-Ground, July 4, 1864, - Combat of P each-tree Creek, .July 20, 1864, - Siege of Atlantu, July 22- Sep. 2, 186-i ,.-Combat of Ezra .Ch.urch (in command), July 28, 1864,-Battle 01 Jonesboro', Aug. 3I- Sep. 1, 1864,- Surrender of Atlanta. Sep. 2, and Occupation of the place, Sep. 2 to ·Oct. 4, 1864, - Pmsnit of Rebels under General Hood into Alabama; with fre­qneut Engagements, Oct. 4 to Nov. 1, 1864,.- March to the Sea, from Atlanta to Sa.vannah, with numerous Actions and Skinnishes, including the Combat of Griswoldsville, Nov. 16 to Dec_ 13 , 1864,-nnd Surrender of Savannah, Dec. 21, 1864 ; in the Invasion of the Cm'olinas, commanding the Army of the 'fennes­

(BHIG.-GENERAL, U. S. ARMY, DEC. 21, 1864) see, Jan. 4, to Apr. 26. 1865, being engaged in the Actions of Pocotaligo, Juu. 14, River's Bridge, Feb. 3, Orangeburg, Feb. 12, Congaree Creek, Feb. 15. Chernw, Mar. 3, and Fayctte,ille, i''lRr. 11, 1865,-Battle of Bentonville,

(BVT. MAJ.-GENERAL, U. S. ARMY, lVIAR. 13, 1865, FOR GALLANT AND l\1ERITORIOUS SERVICES AT THE BATTLE OF EZRA CHURCH, AND

DURING THE C,DIPAIGN AGAINST ATLANTA, GA.) Mar. 20-21, 1855,-Occupution of Goldsboro', Mar. 24, 1865, - uud numerous Skirmishes during the Campaign terminating with the SUl'l'ender of the Rebel Army under General J. E . Johnston. ut Durham Station. N. C., Apr. 26, 1865; on the Murch to Richmond, Va., Apr. 29 to May 10, 1865; and as Gommis­,siouer of the Bureau of R efugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, at Wash­ington, D. C., since May 12, 1865.

Civil History.-Degree of LL. D., conferred by Waterville College, Me., 1865,--by Shurtliff College, Ill., 1865,-and by Gettysburg Theological Semi­nary, Pa., 1866.

H'o~~~d, - '6li~~~' '0., major-general, was born at Leeds, Kenne­

133 Biographical Sketches

bee county, Me., Nov. 8, 1830. Having finished preparation at Monmouth and Yarmouth, at the age of sixteen he entered Bow­doin college, in which he was graduated in 1850, with a fair stand­ing. An opportunity was then afforded him to enter the United States military academy, and he became a cadet in that institution, graduating in 1854. He stood fourth in his class, and by his own request was assigned to the ordnance department with the brevet rank of second lieutenant. His first service was at Watervliet, N . Y., and Kennebec arsenal, Me., and he next served in Florida, being chief ordnance officer during Gen. Harney's campaign against the Indians. The following year he was promoted first lieutenant, and was assigned to duty as acting professor of mathematics at West Point, which position he continued to hold until the breaking out of the Civil war. In 1861 Lieut. Howard volunteered his services to the governor of his native state, and was finally, by a regimen­tal election, made colonel of the 3d regiment, Me. volunteers. His commission bore the date of 'May 28, and by June I he was on his way to the national capital with a full regiment. Col. How­ard commanded the 3d brigade of the 3d division during the bat­tle of Bull Run, July 21, and for his conduct during this cam­paign was created brigadier-general of volunteers on Sept. 3. He bore a prominent part in the movement toward the Rappahannock in the spring of 1862, and was then transferred to the Peninsula, where he participated in the advance against Richmond. He was twice wounded in the right arm at the battle of Fair Oaks on May 31, while leading his brigade in a charge against the enemy, and he lost that arm by amputation. In two months and twenty days af­ter Fair Oaks Gen. Howard returned to his corps, and was in the Pope campaign in Virginia, participating in the second battle of Bull Run, and during the retreat from Centerville to Washington, he commanded the rear guard of the army, which was under fire alI):lost continuously. In the Maryland campaign he commanded a brigade until Antietam, where Gen. Sedgwick was wounded, when he took charge of that general's division, which he also com­manded at Fredericksburg. In November he was promoted to the rank of major-general of volunteers, and in the following spring he succeeded Gen. Sigel as commander of the 11th army corps, which he led during the sanguinary battles at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. In Oct., 1863, Gen. Howard's corps was engaged in the fighting in Lookout valley, and he received Gen. Thomas' com­mendation in further orders the following month, when he fought under Grant in the battle of Chattanooga, gaining distinction. Dur­ing Sherman's Atlanta campaign in the spring of 1864, Gen. How­ard was in command of the new 4th corps, which formed a part of the army of the Cumberland, Seeing severest service for 100 days. When Gen. McPherson fell before Atlanta, Gen. Howard succeed­ed him as commander of the Army and Department of the Tennes­see, and throughout the whole of the grand march through Geor­gia his corps formed the right of Sherman's army. For his part in this campaign he was appointed brigadier-general in the regu­lar army. He commanded the same wing during the movement through the Carolinas, and assisted in the operations by virtue of which Johnston's army was forced to surrender in 1865. For this portion of the campaign Gen. Howard was brevetted major-gen­eral of the regular army. On May 12, 1865, he was assigned to duty in the war department in the bureau of refugees, freedmen, and abandoned lands, in which position he remained until July,

1874, when he was assigned to the command of the Department of the Columbia. In 1877 he commanded a successful expedition against the Nez Perces Indians, his infantry marching over 1,400 miles, and the following year another, nearly as extended. against the Bannocks and Piutes. In 1881-82 Gen. Howard was superin­tendent of the United States military academy, and from 1882-86 he commanded the Department of the Platte at Omaha, Neb. In 1886 he was commissioned major-general and placed in command of the division of the Pacific ; and after the death of Gen . Sheri­dan, and the assignment of Maj.-Gen. Schofield to command the U. S. army, Gen. Howard was appointed to the command of the division of the Atlantic, with headquarters at Governor's island in the harbor of New York. He was placed upon the retired list, Nov. 8, 1

Howard, Oliver 0.* [Born in Maine. Appointed from Maine.] Brevet 2nd Lieut. Ordnance, 1 .July, 1854. 2nd Lieut., 15 Feb., 1855. 1st Lieut.,

1 July, 1857. Resigned 7 June,1861. Colone13rd Maine Vols., 4 June, 1861. Brigadier Genl. Vols., 3 Sept.,1861. Ma.jor Genl. Vols., 29 Nov., 1862. The gratitude of the American people, and the thanks of their Represent<1tives in Congress tendered to * * * * * Major Gen!. Oliver O. Howard, and the officers and soldiers of the Army of the Potomac, by joint resolution approved 28 Jan., 1864, for the skill and heroic valor which, at Gettysburg, repulsed, de­feated, and drove back, broken and dispirited, beyond the Rappahannock, the veteran army of the rebellion. ' Brigadier Gen!. U. S. A., 21 Dec., 1864. Brevet Major Genl., 13 l!arch, 1865, for gallant and meritorious service in t.he Battle of Ezra Church, and during the campaign against Atlanta, G~t. Mustered out of Volunteer service, 1 Jan., 1869.