Hossein Ghara 6 per page.pdf

8/20/2019 Hossein Ghara 6 per page.pdf

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Overview of Post Katrina Eventsand Accelerated ConstructionChallenges in Louisiana and

More

Hossein Ghara, P.E., M.B.A.State Bridge Engineer

Louisiana Department of Transportation

Monday, March 1, 2010

I-10 ATCHAFALYA SPILLWAYBRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

An Example of Accelerated

Construction of the Distant Past

Accelerated Bridge Construction is

not a New Concept

DREDGING OPERATIONS


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54” DIAMETERCYLINDER PILES


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DOUBLE ROWPRECAST CONCRETE CAPS


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PRECAST PRESTRESSEDCONCRETE GIRDER SPANS

MONOLITHIC CONSTRUCTION


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PRECAST CONCRETEBENT CONSTRUCTION


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PRECAST CONCRETESPAN CONSTRUCTION


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CONVENTIONALCONSTRUCTION METHODS

NON-REPETATIVE

CONSTRUCTION

PROJECT COMPLETIONPHOTOGRAPHS


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Examples of Modern Projects

Accelerated Construction

Rayne, Louisiana

I-10 and La. 35 Overpass

The I-10 bridge was struck by an over height

vehicle travelling on La. 35 damaging both

east and west bound spans on I-10. The

existing spans were shored up and new

spans constructed off site and moved into

position during two-12 hour closures. Traffic

was maintained on the ramps of the

interchange during the exchange of the

spans.


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New Iberia, Louisiana

Lewis Street Vertical Li ftBridge


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The Lewis Street vertical lift bridge was

constructed over the footprint of the existing

swing span bridge. The main lift span was

constructed off site and move onto a bargeby SPMT and barged into place for final

erection.


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Shreveport, Louisiana

I-49 over La. 526

Fabricate an new steel box girder

Close I-49 and La. 526

Remove damaged girder and concrete deck

utilizing SPMT

Erect new steel box girder with cranes

Reopen I-49 to one lane of traffic and La. 526

Cast deck and barrier

Sequence of Construction


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New Orleans, Louisiana

Florida Avenue BridgeFlorida Avenue Bridge

To reduce disruption to navigation the main

span for this vertical lift bridge was

constructed near site, transported by barge

and then erected.


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HURRICANES KATRINA &

RITALOUISIANA’SRESPONSE AND RECOVERY


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TWO MAJOR HURRICANES HITTWO MAJOR HURRICANES HIT

THE LOUISIANA COAST IN 2005THE LOUISIANA COAST IN 2005

•• KATRINAKATRINA--Category 4 at landfallCategory 4 at landfallMorning of August 29, 2005Morning of August 29, 2005

•• RITARITA – – Category 3 at landfallCategory 3 at landfallMorning of September 24, 2005Morning of September 24, 2005

HURRICANE DAMAGEHURRICANE DAMAGE

•• STORM SURGE & WAVE ACTIONSTORM SURGE & WAVE ACTION – – MAJOR INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGEMAJOR INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE

•• FLOODINGFLOODING – – LOSS OF LIFE AND PROPERTYLOSS OF LIFE AND PROPERTY

•• SCOURSCOUR – – BRIDGE AND ROADWAY INFRASTRUCTUREBRIDGE AND ROADWAY INFRASTRUCTURE

•• WINDWIND – – COMMUNICATION, TRANSPORTATIONCOMMUNICATION, TRANSPORTATION

INFRASTRUTURE & PROPERTYINFRASTRUTURE & PROPERTY

STORM SURGE & WAVE ACTIONSTORM SURGE & WAVE ACTION

LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN I-10 TWIN SPANS


LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN - SLIDELL


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WEST PEARL RIVER MOVABLE BRIDGE


HOLLY BEACHHOLLY BEACH – – CAMERON PARISHCAMERON PARISH


SOUTH WEST LOUISIANA


NOTHING IS SACRED OR PROTECTED

FLOODINGFLOODING

NEW ORLEANS


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FLOODINGFLOODING

CLAIBORNE BRIDGE – IHNC

FLOODINGFLOODING

INNER HARBOR NAVIGATIONAL CANAL

FLOODINGFLOODING

ST. BERNARD PARISH

FLOODINGFLOODING

FLOODINGFLOODING

NEW ORLEANS AREA

FLOODINGFLOODING

I-10 / I-610 NEW ORLEANS


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FLOODINGFLOODING

NEW ORLEANS

FLOODINGFLOODING

I-510 NEAR SIX FLAGS

FLOODINGFLOODING FLOODINGFLOODING

CAMERON PARISH

FLOODINGFLOODING

CAMERON PARISH

FLOODINGFLOODING


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FLOODINGFLOODING SCOURSCOUR

NEW ORLEANS AREA

SCOURSCOUR SCOURSCOUR

SCOURSCOUR

CHEF MENTEUR PASS – PIER SCOUR

WINDWIND

ELECTRICAL POWER LINES


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WINDWIND

ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION

WINDWIND

VERTICAL LIFT BRIDGE – POWER, GREASE

WINDWIND

COMMUNICATION TOWER

WINDWIND

NEW ORLEANS SUPERDOME

WINDWIND

LAKE CHARLES – CALCASIEU RIVER BRIDGE

WINDWIND

I-10 TWIN SPANS


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WINDWIND

Huey P. Long Bridg e – Paint Failure

MOVABLE BRIDGE DAMAGEMOVABLE BRIDGE DAMAGE

•• 152 Movable bridges on & off system152 Movable bridges on & off system

•• 142 affected142 affected

•• 52 damaged52 damaged

BRIDGE DAMAGE EVALUATIONBRIDGE DAMAGE EVALUATION

•• Formed Damage Assessment TeamsFormed Damage Assessment TeamsLA DOTD/FHWA Engineers (major bridges,LA DOTD/FHWA Engineers (major bridges,movable bridges, major highways, parishmovable bridges, major highways, parishand port movable bridges and roadways)and port movable bridges and roadways)

•• Emergency Relief or FEMA Funding.Emergency Relief or FEMA Funding.

•• Bridge Assessment Teams delayedBridge Assessment Teams delayed(access and security issues)(access and security issues)

DAMAGE OF MAJORDAMAGE OF MAJORBRIDGESBRIDGES

ALMONASTER ALMONASTER – – INNER HARBOR INNER HARBOR DanzigerDanziger – – Inner HarborInner Harbor Almonaster Almonaster – – Inner HarborInner Harbor


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EmpireEmpireEmpireEmpire EmpireEmpire

EmpireEmpire EmpireEmpire

RigoletRigolet’ ’ ss Pass BridgePass Bridge – – US 90US 90


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Historic Fort PikeHistoric Fort Pike Fort Pike (Post Hurricane)Fort Pike (Post Hurricane)

NewNew RigoletRigolet’ ’ ss Pass BridgePass Bridge – – US 90US 90

CamindaCaminda Bay at Grand IsleBay at Grand Isle


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CamindaCaminda Bay at Grand IsleBay at Grand Isle ICWWICWW – – Black Bayou PontoonBlack Bayou Pontoon


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MAJOR BRIDGES IN LAKEMAJOR BRIDGES IN LAKE

PONTCHARTRAINPONTCHARTRAIN

•• US 11 BridgeUS 11 Bridge

•• Pontchartrain Causeway BridgePontchartrain Causeway Bridge

•• II--10 Twin Span Bridges10 Twin Span Bridges

P o n

t c h

a r t r a

i n C

a u s e w a y

P o n

t c h

a r t r a i n

C a u s e w a y ( 2

0 ( 2 0 ’ ’ ) )

I I - - 1 0

1 0

( 1 4

( 1 4 ’ ’ ) )

U S 1 1

U S 1 1

( 1 1

( 1 1 ’ ’ ) )

U S 9 0

U S 9 0

( 1 7 ( 1 7 ’ ’ ) )

R i g

o l e t

R i g

o l e t ’ ’ s s

P a s

s

P a s

s

C h e f

C h e f M e

n t e u r M e

n t e u r P a

s s P a

s s

Fetch


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http://hurricane.lsu.edu/floodprediction/katrina22/

CausewayCauseway – – Lake PontchartrainLake Pontchartrain

Turnaround RampsTurnaround Ramps

US 11 over Lake PontchartrainUS 11 over Lake Pontchartrain


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DAMAGE OF IDAMAGE OF I--1010

TWIN SPANS &TWIN SPANS & ACCELERATED ACCELERATED

REPAIR PROJECTREPAIR PROJECT

II--10 TWIN SPANS10 TWIN SPANS

5.4 MILES5.4 MILES

Low level 65Low level 65’ ’

monolithic simplemonolithic simple

prestressprestress girdergirder

spans on 54spans on 54” ” ppcppc

cylinder piles.cylinder piles.

High rise on shortHigh rise on short

section of bridgesection of bridge

DESCRIPTION OF DAMAGEDESCRIPTION OF DAMAGE

•• Eastbound BridgeEastbound Bridge --lost 38 spans and 170lost 38 spans and 170spans shifted alignment.spans shifted alignment.

•• Westbound BridgeWestbound Bridge -- lost 26 spans and 303lost 26 spans and 303spans shifted alignment. Approximately 14,000spans shifted alignment. Approximately 14,000’ ’ of bridge railing damaged.of bridge railing damaged.

•• Bridge BearingsBridge Bearings --Major bearing replacementMajor bearing replacementon both bridges, roadway crossovers for traffic,on both bridges, roadway crossovers for traffic,debris removaldebris removal

WATER HAMMER WATER HAMMER

SURGE LEVEL

NORMAL BAY LEVEL


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Connection fails,

decks lift off

Upward pressure


Other sections

removed entirely,

thrown in bay

Fender System Causeway Bri dge

Note missing bent in center ofNote missing bent in center of

photo.photo.

Two spans missing, 12 clearlyTwo spans missing, 12 clearly

misaligned, 4 rails missing.misaligned, 4 rails missing.

8 spans each off of one cap, one8 spans each off of one cap, one

additional span submerged.additional span submerged.


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1 span leaning, 1 span missing, rails1 span leaning, 1 span missing, rails

missing, spans misalignedmissing, spans misaligned

4 spans leaning, 2 spans missing,4 spans leaning, 2 spans missing,

rails missing, spans misalignedrails missing, spans misaligned

View looking towards North end. View looking towards North end.

North end of bridge. Note spanNorth end of bridge. Note span

off to side.off to side.

Looking Southwest from NorthLooking Southwest from North

end.end. Two leaning spans, note signTwo leaning spans, note sign

truss in place.truss in place.


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Good view of diaphragms.Good view of diaphragms.

Spans missing, bearing baseSpans missing, bearing base

plates in place.plates in place.

Note how movement was arrestedNote how movement was arrested

by the risers. This caused theby the risers. This caused the

cracks noted at girders 2 & 5.cracks noted at girders 2 & 5.

View looking to South end of View looking to South end of

bridge. Spans on the left are offbridge. Spans on the left are off

at least one cap. Spans on theat least one cap. Spans on the

right are shifted.right are shifted.

Two spans wedged against oneTwo spans wedged against one

cap.cap.


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SpallingSpalling at girder ends of twoat girder ends of two

spans.spans.

II--10 Twin Spans10 Twin SpansDisplacements (by one riserDisplacements (by one riser

spacing) and debris at northspacing) and debris at north

shore. Note uniformly exposedshore. Note uniformly exposed

portion of caps.portion of caps.

•• Hurricane Katrina hit Monday, August 29, 2005Hurricane Katrina hit Monday, August 29, 2005

•• LaDOTDLaDOTD met with FDOT andmet with FDOT and VolkertVolkert andand Associates performed in Associates per formed in--depth inspection within adepth inspection within a

weekweek

•• PrePre--bid, proposal developed, question / answerbid, proposal developed, question / answersession held and low bidder announced onsession held and low bidder announced onWednesday, September 7, 2005Wednesday, September 7, 2005

•• BohBoh Brothers Construction went to work onBrothers Construction went to work onMonday, September 12, 2005, Fourteen days afterMonday, September 12, 2005, Fourteen days afterthe hurricane made land fallthe hurricane made land fall

II--10 REPAIR PROJECT10 REPAIR PROJECT II--10 REPAIR PHASES10 REPAIR PHASES

PHASE 1: REPAIR EASTBOUND ROADWAYPHASE 1: REPAIR EASTBOUND ROADWAY

•• Move spans from WB to fill gaps on EBMove spans from WB to f ill gaps on EB

•• Realign and repair missing spans on EBRealign and repair missing spans on EB

•• 45 days, completed in 34 days and $1.1 milli on45 days, completed in 34 days and $1.1 milli onincenti ve (Opened October 14, 2005)]incent ive (Opened October 14, 2005)]

•• Construct crossovers & Open EB two way trafficConstruct crossovers & Open EB two way traffic


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II--10 REPAIR PHASES10 REPAIR PHASES

PHASE 2: REPAIR WESTBOUND ROADWAYPHASE 2: REPAIR WESTBOUND ROADWAY

•• Replace WB spans with approximately 1 mile ofReplace WB spans with approximately 1 mile of

ACROW 700 Series bridg ing, & realign spans ACROW 700 Series bridging, & realign spans

•• Opened WB lanes to one way traffic onOpened WB lanes to one way traffic onJanuary 6, 2006.January 6, 2006.

•• Converted EB lanes to one way trafficConverted EB lanes to one way traffic

II--10 REPAIR PHASES10 REPAIR PHASES

PHASE 3:PHASE 3: MAINTENANCE FOR ACROWMAINTENANCE FOR ACROWBRIDGE FOR 3 YEARS.BRIDGE FOR 3 YEARS.

PERMENANT SOLUTION:PERMENANT SOLUTION:•• Develop plans for new 6Develop plans for new 6 – – lane bridge at alane bridge at a

higher elevationhigher elevation

•• Coastal Engineering Firm to perform study toCoastal Engineering Firm to perform study todetermine elevation fo r the new br idgedetermine elevation for the new br idge

Jack and Slide MethodJack and Slide MethodMoving SpansMoving Spans -- MammoetMammoet

MammoetMammoet -- Jack and Slide MethodJack and Slide Method


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Span SupportsSpan Supports


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TRAFFIC IS BACK ON ITRAFFIC IS BACK ON I--1010

No Permit Loads AllowedNo Permit Loads Allowed

II--10 NEW BRIDGE10 NEW BRIDGE

CRITICAL FEATURES:CRITICAL FEATURES:

•• Six lane facilitySix lane facility

•• Storm protectionStorm protection

•• Enhanced ship collision resistanceEnhanced ship collision resistance

•• 75 year service life75 year service life

•• Design alternates where possibleDesign alternates where possible


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GENERALGENERAL FACTSFACTS

•• TotalTotal Bridge Length = 58,388Bridge Length = 58,388’ ’

– – 260,000 LF 36260,000 LF 36” ” Piles or 200,000 LF ShaftsPiles or 200,000 LF Shafts – – 257,000 LF BT 78 or 44,000 LF Segmental257,000 LF BT 78 or 44,000 LF Segmental

•• Surface area = 3.75 million ftSurface area = 3.75 million ft22

•• Total Roadway Length =1.2 milesTotal Roadway Length =1.2 miles

GENERAL FACTSGENERAL FACTS

CONTRACT #1CONTRACT #1

•• Transition spans, mid level spans and roadwayTransition spans, mid level spans and roadway

•• Expected Letting Date: Spring 2006Expected Letting Date: Spring 2006

CONTRACT #2CONTRACT #2

•• High level and remaining roadwayHigh level and remaining roadway

•• Expected Letting Date: Summer 2006Expected Letting Date: Summer 2006

BRIDGEBRIDGE LOW LEVELLOW LEVEL -- TRANSITIONTRANSITION

•• SuperstructureSuperstructure (no alternates)(no alternates)1 mile long Type III and flat slab1 mile long Type III and flat slab

•• SubstructureSubstructureConcrete bents with 36Concrete bents with 36” ” concreteconcrete

piles or 66piles or 66” ” drilled shaftsdrilled shafts

TYPICAL SECTION (Type III)TYPICAL SECTION (Type III)

BRIDGE MID LEVEL PORTIONBRIDGE MID LEVEL PORTION

•• SuperstructureSuperstructure

8 miles8 miles of Segmental Construction orof Segmental Construction or7878” ” BT Girders, span range 135BT Girders, span range 135’ ’ to 155to 155’ ’

•• SubstructureSubstructureConcrete bents with 36Concrete bents with 36” ” concreteconcrete pilespiles

or 66or 66” ” drilled shaftsdrilled shafts

If you needIf you needto addto add

anythinganything

Al ternate ABT-78”


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Alternate A Alternate A --1: 361: 36” ” Concrete PilesConcrete Piles Alternate A-2 : Typical Section66” Diameter Drilled Shafts Alternate A Alternate A --2 : Typical Section2 : Typical Section

6666” ” Diameter Drilled ShaftsDiameter Drilled Shafts

Al ternate B:Segmental

Typical Span LayoutTypical Span Layout

Typical SectionTypical SectionSpan by Span ErectionSpan by Span Erection


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Superstructure Erection SchemeSuperstructure Erection Scheme

If you needIf you needto addto add

anythinganything

ConstructionPhasing

CONSTRUCTION PHASINGCONSTRUCTION PHASING

•• Phase IPhase I – – Low & midLow & mid--level approach bridgeslevel approach bridges

•• Phase IIPhase II – – Main span unit and approachesMain span unit and approaches

•• Phase IIIPhase III – – Demolition of existing bridge at connectionsDemolition of existing bridge at connections

and completion of bridge structuresand completion of bridge structures

Critical PathCritical Path – – 1 complete bridge open in 301 complete bridge open in 30

mos.mos.

CONSTRUCTION PHASINGCONSTRUCTION PHASING

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

•• Complete one useable bridge in one directionComplete one useable bridge in one direction

•• Improve Level of Service for the motorist atImprove Level of Service for the motorist ateach stage of constructioneach stage of construction

•• Provide maximum access for the contractorProvide maximum access for the contractorduring constructionduring construction

•• Maintain at least two lanes of traffic in eachMaintain at least two lanes of traffic in eachdirection throughout constructiondirection throughout construction

Top Down ConstructionMethods

I-310 & La. 1 Construction


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Top Down Construction

MethodsEnd On Construction - build the new

bridge from the previously constructed

portion of the new bridge.

Forward Construction – building the new

bridge from a temporary construction

bridge forward of the new bridge

construction.

Top Down ConstructionMethods

Construction by the forward constructionmethod allows for a gradual application ofpermanent loads to be applied to the newstructure, therefore allowing time for pileset up and the construction to advance ata quicker rate. However, the cost of thework bridge should be considered in thedecision of construction methods.

Interstate I-310

End On Construction Method


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La. 1 Project

Forward Construction Method Utilizing a Work

Bridge


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Cone Tip Resistance, qc

S l e e v e F r i c t i o n ,

f s

Penetration Rate: 2 cm/sec

Cone Penetration Test (CPT)

Base area = 10 cm2

Sleeve area = 150 cm2

Cone angle = 60o

Equipment used to obtain CPT Data andEquipment used to obtain CPT Data andBoringsBorings

Repeatability of CPT

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

D e p t h ( m )

0 10 20 30 40 50

Tip Resistance (MPa)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Sleeve Friction (MPa)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

Rf (%)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

0 .0 0 .5 1 .0 1 .5

Pore Pressure (MPa)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

0 20 40 60 80 100

Probability of soil type (%)

Clayey

Sandy

U1

Silty

Qt/Q0 = 0.4271Log(t/t0) + 1R2 = 0.9509

Qs/Q0 = 0.4435Log(t/t0) + 1R2 = 0.9924

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

R e l a t i v e R e s i s t a n c e ( t 0

= 1 d a y )

Elapsed Time (days)

T-2 16-inch 109 Feet Penetrati on

Total Resistance

Skin Friction Only


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520’ Forward ConstructionZone

Drive Steel Temp. Piles & Set Trestle

Drive Permanent P.C.C. Piles

Set Pre-Cast Conc. Caps


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520’ Cure Form & Pour Zone

Set Precast Conc. Voided Slabs or Girders

Set Deck Side Forms w/Rail for Screed

Set Deck Reinforcing Steel

Pour & Cure Concrete Decks


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520’ Rear Construction Zone

Remove Steel Temp. Piles &Temp.

Crane/Tread Rails

Transport and Off Load Materials/Supplies

Forward


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THE END

US 90

HUEY P. LONG BRIDGEWIDENING

In order to determine the existing condition

of the main piers prior to construction, the

Department in cooperation with the NewOrleans Public Belt Railroad utilized

acoustical imaging to acquire a global image

of the piers in the muddy water of the

Mississippi.

If damage was uncovered, a more detailed

investigation would have been initiated.


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THE END

QUESTIONS:1. What was the primary reason for dredging a channel in

the ground prior to the construction of the I-10 bridge

going through Louisiana?2. What were the reasons why dredging was not allowed inlater years?

3 A th f l id li ifi ti d t d

ANSWERS:1. Dredging in wetlands would allow ease of construction by giving the contractor direct access to

the construction site through various navigable waterways. This made construction moreconvenient and faster. It also allowed ease of shipping construction elements such as piles andgirders to the job site.

2. Dredging in wetland often interfered with the natural echo system and resulted in theenvironmental damage. Wetlands are very different than lakes or deeper waterways and theirconversion into other types of waterways is no longer allowed.

3. In some instances dredging also allowed for salt water intrusion and thereby convertingfreshwater into Brackish water which is harmful to the freshwater natural habitat.

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Hossein Ghara 6 per page.pdf