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Hosking_Operating Room Air Distribution and Ceiling Systems
Citation preview
9/16/2013
1
Operating Room Air Distribution & Ceiling
Systems
Operating Room SolutionsAgenda
Operating Room Solutions– Introduction
– Air Distribution
– Ceiling Systems
– Summary
9/16/2013
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ASHRAE 170• Ventilation of Health Care Facilities (2008)
• First release of this standard
• Widely adopted in North America
Introduction – O.R. SolutionsApplicable Standards
ASHRAE 170• Ventilation of Health Care Facilities (2008)
• First release of this standard
• Widely adopted in North America
Facility Guidelines Institute (FGI)• Guidelines for Design and Construction of
Health Care Facilities (2010)
• Supersedes AIA/FGI 2006 Guidelines
• Adopted ASHRAE 170 for all HVAC requirements
Introduction – O.R. SolutionsApplicable Standards
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Operating Room SolutionsAir Distribution
Laminar Flow Systems Air Curtain Systems
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsSystems
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Laminar Flow Systems• Laminar diffuser array
concentrated above surgical zone
• Displace particulates to low-level returns
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsLaminar Flow Systems
Benefits• Widely accepted design
• Supporting research
• Optional integrated filters
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsLaminar Flow Systems
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Ceiling Space• Diffusers consuming
valuable ceiling space
• 25 to 35 cfm/ft2 (fpm) average face velocity
(ASHRAE 170 – 2008)
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsLaminar Flow Systems
Hybrid O.R. Challenges
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsLaminar Flow Systems
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Acceleration• Result of ∆T between
supply and room air
• Archimedes principle– ASHRAE RP-1397
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsLaminar Flow Systems
Acceleration• Tapering column of supply air
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsLaminar Flow Systems
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Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsLaminar Flow Systems
Air Curtain Systems• Smaller laminar array
• Perimeter slot diffusers– 25 to 45 cfm/ft discharge
(15˚ outward from vertical)
• Displace particulates to low-level returns
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsAir Curtain Systems
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Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsASHRAE 170 Requirements
Laminar Flow Diffusers
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsASHRAE 170 Requirements
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“Primary”Laminar Flow Diffuser
discharge velocity
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsASHRAE 170 Requirements
“Primary” Laminar Flow Diffuserminimum coverage
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsASHRAE 170 Requirements
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ANY vertical discharge diffuser(i.e. Laminar Flow Diffuser or Perimeter Air Curtain Diffusers)
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsASHRAE 170 Requirements
• 480 ft2 room
• 10 ft ceiling
• 20 ach ≈ 1600 cfm
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsSystem Sizing Example
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• 12” offset from surgical table (per ASHRAE 170, 2008)
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsSystem Sizing Example
• Laminar flow diffusers only in “Primary Supply Diffuser Array Area” (per ASHRAE 170, 2008)
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsSystem Sizing Example
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• MAX 30% for non-diffuser equipment
• 25 to 35 cfm/ft2(per ASHRAE 170, 2008)
• 25 cfm/ft2 = 600 cfm
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsSystem Sizing Example
• Diffuser layout flexible if minimum coverage satisfied
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsSystem Sizing Example
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• Inside perimeter of air curtain diffusers:
• 2 ft offset from Primary Diffuser Array Area
• 3 ft offset from surgical table
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsSystem Sizing Example
• Active linear slot ≈ 40 ft
• Air curtain flow (min.)
• 1600 cfm – 600 cfm = 1000 cfm
• 1000 cfm / 40 ft = 25 cfm/ft
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsSystem Sizing Example
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Air Curtain System Laminar System 480 ft2
20 ach
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsSystem Sizing Example
Air Curtain System Laminar System 600 ft2
20 ach
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsSystem Sizing Example
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Air Curtain System Laminar System 600 ft2
25 ach
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsSystem Sizing Example
Isolation of surgical zone
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsAir Curtain Systems
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Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsAir Curtain Systems
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsAir Curtain Systems
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Why worry about velocity?• Contamination from surgical team
• Match thermal plume
• Comfort
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsAir Curtain Systems
Draft potential• Consider the locations of
staff in the O.R. (i.e. Anesthesiologist)
Duct configuration• Ensure laminar flow and
perimeter air curtain diffusers are fed from separate duct branches
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsAir Curtain Systems
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Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsAir Curtain Systems
J. Swift, E. Avis, B. Millard, T.M. Lawrence. “Air Distribution Strategy Impact on Operating Room Infection Control.” 2007
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsAir Curtain Systems
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J. Swift, E. Avis, B. Millard, T.M. Lawrence. “Air Distribution Strategy Impact on Operating Room Infection Control.” 2007
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsAir Curtain Systems
Air Distribution – O.R. SolutionsSlot Style & Configuration
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Now2000s
O.R. Grid Ceiling Systems• Extruded aluminum profiles
• Variety of finishes
• Closed cell gasket
• Removable panels
• Customizable layout
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsIntroduction
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Advantages of O.R. Ceiling Systems• Improved aesthetics
• Convenient ceiling plenum access
• Better use of ceiling space
• Reduced construction time / cost
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsAdvantages
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsFGI 2010 Guidelines
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Sheetrock
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsFGI 2010 Guidelines
Sheetrock
Exception for gasketed ceilings
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsFGI 2010 Guidelines
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Standard Extruded frame
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsFill-in Panels
Flush Mount Diffuser Match
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsFill-in Panels
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Brushed Aluminum
White Powder Coat
Clear Anodized
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsFinish Options
Unistrut® Integration• Mounting of C-Arm
support tracks
• Cath. labs
• Hybrid operating rooms
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsCeiling Types
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Integrated Plenum Systems• Pressurized common plenum
reduces duct connection requirements
• Easy balancing
• Custom designs to suit each operating room
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsCeiling Types
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsCeiling Types – Integrated Plenum Systems
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38 penetrations - 378 linear feet 7 penetrations - 90 linear feet
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsCost Comparison
Surface Mounting Gasketed Grid Ceiling
Surface Mounting
Number of openings 38
Cut, finish, frame openings $14,700
Plaster frames (installed cost) $3,100
Access doors $1,100
Estimated Total $18,900
38 penetrations - 378 linear feet
Estimates by installing contractor
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsCost Comparison
Surface Mounting
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Factory Welded Grid System
Number of openings 7 (6 can lights)
Factory Welded Grid $6,300
Cut, finish, frame openings $3,800
Fill-in panels $1,300
Grid/panel installation $3,500
Actual Total $14,900
7 penetrations - 90 linear feet
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsCost Comparison
Gasketed Grid Ceiling
$18,900 installed (excluding diffusers) $14,900 installed (excluding diffusers)> 20% savings over surface mounting
Ceiling Systems – O.R. SolutionsCost Comparison
Surface Mounting Gasketed Grid Ceiling
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Operating Room SolutionsSummary
• Both air curtain and full laminar flow systems can offer effective protection for the patient if designed correctly
• Grid ceiling systems offer significant benefits over conventional sheetrock ceilings
Operating Room SolutionsSummary