Hong Kong 2010 annual issue

Hong Kong: Politics - 1 -

Hong Kong Version 4.5

2010


Hong Kong

(Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China)

()

1841 1 26 (George Elliott)1842 8 29 1856-58 1860 10 24 1898 6 9 235 99 1984 12 19 1997 7 1 1990 4 4 31 1997 7 1 1997 7 1 1

(HKD)

2012 1 2012 50%"" 2017 2020 2012 80 10 2016 100 71 29 2012 1200 100-150

(2010-20) (i)

2020 (ii) 2017 2007

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6 (Act Now) 2010 5 30 2012 46

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28

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(Graham Sheffield) 8 Rem Koolhaas Norman Foster

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9

8 23 (Rolando Mendoza)

9 (Alfredo Lim)

() ()


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1981 9 301982 9 31

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

(Yash Ghai) Hong Kongs New Constitutional Order: The Resumption of Chinese Sovereignty and the Basic Law

2

2 Ambrose Y.C. King, Administrative Absorption of Politics in Hong Kong: Emphasis on the Grass Roots

Level, Asian Survey, Vol15, No.5 (May 1975), pp.422-439


(a form of elite consensual

government)

1982 (subject culture)/(privatization)

(administration of politics) ""(negative interventionism)

(Administrative grade)

( / )

(bureaucracy)


1984 12 19

23 36 1985 1990 4 4 1997 7 1

160

(2) (5) (8)

(13,14) (14) (17) (18) (19) (23)

(26) (27) (31) (32)(33)(34)(35) (28)(29) (30) (35) (39)


(105) (106) (107) (108) (109) (110)

(111) (112) (113) (114) (115) (116) (117) (118) (119)

1997 6 30 (120) 1985 5 27 1997 6 30 1997 6 30 2047 6 30 1997 7 1

3 (121) 1984 6 30 1898 (122)

(123)

(124)

(125) (126) (127)


(128) (129) (130) (131)

""(149)

""(151) ""(152)

(158) (159)

(160)

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1999 6 26 ()

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158

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3

224 243 3

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1990

1990

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800 100

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4 26 2007

7

2007

529 700

300 1600

200

2/3

2007 649 123

2007 12 29 31 2012

1. 2012 2007 2012 2012


2. 2012

2012 2017 2017

18 2017 2017

2012

2012 2017

15 2017 2017

3.

(11) (12) (20) (40)

()(12) () 12) (20)

(40)

()(12) () (12) (20) (40)

(11)

(12) (20) (40)

(12) (1)

(20) (40)

(12) (12)

(20)

(11)

(12) (20) (36)

(11) (12) (20) (60)

(12)

(20) (41)

(20) (21) (21) (21)


13,500 150,000

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(51)

(52)

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4.

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167

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7. 2000

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2001 2002

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(54)(55)(56)

(2009 1 21 )

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( 2001 5 )

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1974 1998 2002 2003

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1993

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2012 2017 2017

18 2017 2017

2012 2012 2016

13 3.

4.


///

/

/

1843-1850 4 0 0 0 0 4

1850-1896 4 2 0 0 0 6

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1983-1984 29 29 0 0 0 58

1984-1985 29 32 0 0 0 61

1985-1988 11 22 12 12 0 57

1988-1991 11 22 12 14 0 59

1991-1995 3 17 0 21 18 59

1995-1997 0 0 10 30 20 60

1997-1998 0 60 0 0 0 60

1998-2000 0 0 10 30 20 60

2000-2004 0 0 6 30 24 60

2004-2008 0 0 0 30 30 60

2008-2012 0 0 0 30 30 60


5 4 3 3 5 5 5 4 4 6 5 6 5 4 8 7 6 4 5 8 7

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100 50000 5%

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1991

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2000

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2004

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2008

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157 157

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144 144

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262 4309 5749

5 433 7353 8149

428 428

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10

(1) (consociationalism) (2) (corporatism) (3) (Proportional representation system) (4) (Bicameral system)

(1) (2)

(i) (class voting) (post-materialist)

(ii) (class compromise)

10

28/2/2006 http://www.cpu.gov.hk/tc/documents/csd/csd_gc_w_mg.pdf


(iii)

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(a) (b) (c)

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(Sub-Committee on Senard Reform) 2004 11

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32 "

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Report on Senate Reform, Sub-Committee on Senate Reform (2004).


40 22 6 4 4 4

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// 1985

12 19 10 12 433 () 99%

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1995

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2000

800 6 1998 /


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1987 88 1988

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1995


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800 800( 1200 1600 ) 800


1. 2. 3. 4. ////

2. 2012 3. 2017 4. 2017

1. 2012 2. 2016 3. 2016 4.

---

2012 2017 2017 2017

2017 2017

2012 18200 12600 2012 2012 2017


2012 2016 2012

15 2017 2017 13

12 12

2012 2017

31 2012 2017 5

2012 2017 2017 20 2017

2017

2012


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1200 2017

/

1/8

70

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2010


( 18 )

( 8 )

( 160 )

( 160 )

( 18 )

( 18 )

(Common law and

rules of equity)

(Ordinance and

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(Customary law)

97

13 184

(International law)

200


(80)

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MA, CJ HOFFMANN, NPJ

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80 1949 49 54 90

80

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/

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/ 2004

455000 25.7%9 3 12

2000

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373000 25.2%5 2 2

1995

7 143000 42.4%2 2 2

2007 177 115 2003 190 246000 (38.69%) 46 16

1999 176 191000 (45.35%) 83 13 18

1994 83 81522 (43.45%) 37

1995 17 8 1997 10

1994 611 8 61

1983 1992 1990 1991

1994 2008 11 ( 1996 )

2006 3 () 8

2008 4 2004-08 /

4

1948 193 30 1 () 4 () 21

1993 3 11 10 1 8

1991 21 1993

1986 1 19

1990 70 17 1 ()

1984 64 4 1 ()

1985 26 1 4


1976 2004 2008

2006 6

1993 18

2006

1989

1951-1953 1949 ()

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1964-1971 1964-65 (Bernacchi) 1968 1968-1970 1970 1971 1974

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1973 (Peter Fitzroy Godber) 1973


1977-1978 1973 1977 1978

1979 1970 (Franco Mella)

1984 1980

1988 1987 1988 9

11 (94,270 :39,348) 73,767

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4 4 26

(Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev) 5 19 5 21


150

6 3 6 8 6 13 21

200 36

1997-2000

1997 7 10 7 1

( )

2001

1999 10 2000 8

2003-2007 -

1997

2003 2004 2006 -P2


2006 12 2007

2009- 669 2009

2010 1


1844 1875 1913 1883 1888 1935 1907 10

1946 1948 1965 1966 1970 1971 1973 1972 1973 1974 1976

1980 81

()()

1983 1984 1986

27


1997 10 1998 6 10

2004 516 2696 18

2004 05 1.88 2006 ;

(())

()

3 2007

18

529 400 27 102 2008 1 1 2011 12 31

15 4 - 19

11 3 - 14

37 9 - 46

17 4 - 21

16 4 - 20

21 5 - 26

22 5 - 27

25 6 - 31

34 8 - 42

17 5 2 24

29 7 1 37

29 7 6 42

16 5 4 25


19 5 2 26

23 5 2 30

36 9 1 46

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10 4 8 22

405 102 27 534

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41 102 (1998 12 16 )

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7 8 9 10 11 12

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2000

1995

()

1998

1988 1999 2001

1987

1997 2005 10

1990

1986

1974 1977

2003

21

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1997

1992

1996

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1990 /

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1973 1988 270 1994 2002

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2001

1967

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1990 1991


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1980 30

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1988

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1996 ()

1950

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1987 1989

1996 2001

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1965 8

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2001


()()()

20095 The HKSAR government is fully committed to promoting and protecting human rights in Hong Kong.

Indeed, human rights and freedoms are guaranteed constitutionally by the Basic Law and through

various local legislations, including equality before the law, freedom of speech and of the press, freedom

of association, of assembly and of demonstration, freedom of religious belief and right to social welfare,

and so on. The protection of human rights in Hong Kong is further reinforced by the rule of law and an

independent judiciary system. In addition, there is an extensive institutional framework of organisations

which help promote and safeguard human rights which is closely monitored by the Legislative Council

of Hong Kong, civil society, the media and the general public.


2006

()

()

()()()

()


2005

()

()

19511967

()


() 2009

()

2008

The committee welcomes,

the enactment of the Independent Police Complaints Council Ordinance on 12 July 2008, providing that the Council will start operating as a statutory body in 2009

the new Guidelines on Searching of Detained Persons introduced and applied by the Police since 1 July 2008, aimed at ensuring that searches are conducted respecting the privacy and dignity of

individuals; and

the measures taken to tackle domestic violence, including the strengthening of services to assist victims and the passing of the Domestic Violence (Amendment) Bill in June 2008.

The committee concerns,

The Committee takes note of the HKSARs explanation with respect to the limitation of the term public official - in Section 2 (1) of the Crimes (Torture) Ordinance - to those professionals normally involved in the custody or treatment of persons deprived of their liberty. Nevertheless, the

Committee reiterates its concern expressed in the previous concluding observations, that the way

Section 2(1) of the Crimes (Torture) Ordinance is currently drafted is too restrictive and may create

in practice loopholes preventing effective prosecution of torture.

The Committee notes the HKSARs position that the defence of lawful authority, justification or

excuse contained in section 3 (4) of the Crimes (Torture) Ordinance simply serves to give effect to the second sentence of article 1, paragraph 1 of the Convention. However, the Committee - reiterating

its concern expressed in the previous concluding observations - emphasizes that the Convention does

not authorize any possible defense for acts of torture.

there is no legal regime governing asylum and establishing a fair and efficient refugee status

determination procedure. The Committee is also concerned that there are no plans to extend to

HKSAR the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol.


The Committee notes the discussion between HKSAR and the mainland of China with respect to arrangement for the transfer of fugitive offenders and sentenced persons as well as that death penalty safeguards have been included in the draft arrangement.

The Committee welcomes that the Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Istanbul Protocol) is distributed among relevant professionals. While noting the information that there is a general

awareness among health care professionals in relation to signs that are suggestive of abuse or even

torture, the Committee stresses the importance of more specific training programs for medical doctors

and other health professionals to detect and document signs of torture, as well as training in gender

sensitive treatment in judicial and medical institutions.

The Committee notes the new Police guidelines in force from 1 July 2008 on the handling of searches

of detainees in police custody. While welcoming that, under this revised procedure, a designated

officer has to justify the scope and conduct of a search based on objective and identifiable criteria, the

Committee is concerned at:

a) the Police Commissioners determination that every person in police custody has to be searched every time he or she enters a detention facility maintained by the police, making body searches

automatic for all individuals in police custody, irrespective of whether or not there is any

objective justification thereto;

b) allegations of abusive strip searches, including in facilities of the Immigration Department and of

the Correctional Services Department; and

c) allegations of the routine practice of conducting body cavity searches of those entering in prison,

despite the fact that Rule 9 of the Hong Kong prison rules only provides for the possibility of

conducting such searches.

The Committee welcomes the information provided by the delegation that the Police has reviewed and revised, in late 2007, the guidelines for the conduct of officers engaging in police operations in

the context of prostitution-related offences. However, the Committee is concerned at the allegations

of routine police abuses of persons during such operations.

The Committee welcomes the enactment of the Independent Police Complaints Council (IPCC) Ordinance on 12 July 2008 converting the IPCC into a statutory body, as previously recommended by

this Committee. However, the Committee is concerned that, while the statutory framework has

reinforced the independent role of the IPCC, the latter only has advisory and oversight functions to

monitor and review the activity of the Complaints Against Police Office (CAPO), which is still - in

fact - the body responsible for handling and investigating complaints of police misconduct. In this

respect, the Committee also notes with concern the information that - despite the considerable

number of reportable complaints filed with the CAPO a small percentage of them were considered as substantiated and only in one case an officer has been prosecuted and convicted of a criminal

offence.

The Committee, while noting with appreciation the efforts taken by HKSAR to eradicate domestic violence, is concerned at the high incidence of domestic violence in HKSAR.

() 2005

63237(c)


()

101618

1995

() (a)

(i)

(ii)

(b)


(FACV 11, 13/2000)

5 (1)6(1)35 (3)

7 (1)(a)35 (3)

5 (1)35 (3)

(HCAL 1555/2000) 5(1)

1997


20087

1898

(115)(115)

()()

()

()

-

-

-

-

-

-

Documents

Hong Kong 2010 annual issue