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Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Web site: www.adcp.com
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
ADCPs on ShipsADCPs on Ships
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Your instructorTitleTitle: Research Scientist, Technical : Research Scientist, Technical MarketingMarketing
Time at RD InstrumentsTime at RD Instruments: : 1990-20061990-2006
EducationEducation: : Ph.D., Ocean Physics, Ph.D., Ocean Physics, Velocity ProfilersVelocity Profilers
Relevant WritingsRelevant Writings: : See TRDI Web site --See TRDI Web site --Tech Tips page Tech Tips page
ContactContact: [email protected]: [email protected]: +1.858.254.4140Cell: +1.858.254.4140
Pete Spain
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Course objectives
Current SurveysCurrent Surveys
Ocean Surveyor / WH MarinerOcean Surveyor / WH Mariner
DataData
Installation ConcernsInstallation Concerns
Software SetupSoftware Setup
Data QA/QCData QA/QC
Operational LimitationsOperational Limitations
By completing this course, you will understand clearly
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Measuring Water in Motion
ADCPsAcoustic Doppler Current Profilers
Measuring Water in Motion
ADCPsAcoustic Doppler Current Profilers
Acoustic D oppler Solutions
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Why Make Spatial Current Surveys?
Applied ScienceApplied Science OceanographyOceanography Coastal DynamicsCoastal Dynamics
Environmental InformationEnvironmental Information Impact statementsImpact statements Advection – Dispersion modelingAdvection – Dispersion modeling Feeding behaviorFeeding behavior Forcing on structuresForcing on structures
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Who/What is Teledyne RDI?
Part of Teledyne TechnologiesPart of Teledyne Technologies
High technology business in San Diego, High technology business in San Diego,
California, since 1981 California, since 1981
Develop advanced technology systemsDevelop advanced technology systems
Make them useful to a broad range of Make them useful to a broad range of
marine/river/navigation applicationsmarine/river/navigation applications
190 staff and over $36M in 2005 sales190 staff and over $36M in 2005 sales
More than 7500 ADCPs sold worldwideMore than 7500 ADCPs sold worldwide
Presently 60 units per monthPresently 60 units per month
24/7 Customer Support24/7 Customer Support
ISO 9001-2000 certifiedISO 9001-2000 certified
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
1981: First commercial ADCP in the world1981: First commercial ADCP in the world 1985: First river discharge ADCP1985: First river discharge ADCP 1991: Broadband ADCP patent1991: Broadband ADCP patent 1994: Phased array ADCP patent1994: Phased array ADCP patent 1995: Workhorse ADCP1995: Workhorse ADCP 1999: ADCP waves array patent1999: ADCP waves array patent 2001: Horizontal ADCP2001: Horizontal ADCP 2002: ZedHed: Shallow-depth ADCP2002: ZedHed: Shallow-depth ADCP 2003: StreamPro, Channel Master2003: StreamPro, Channel Master
History of InnovationHistory of Innovation
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Chesapeake Bay Plume Offshore of North Carolina
Coastal Dynamics
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Tidally generated eddy off Three Trees Point
Coastal Dynamics
Photo and plot courtesy of Prof. Parker MacCready (University of Washington).
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
JAMSTEC RV Kaiyo off of Mindanao, PhilippinesJAMSTEC RV Kaiyo off of Mindanao, Philippines
Vessel Mounted ADCPs
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Volunteer Observing Ships
Courtesy Charles Flagg, Brookhaven National LaboratoryCourtesy Charles Flagg, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Volunteer Observing Ships
Explorer of the Seas
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Volunteer Observing Ships
Oleander
Courtesy Charles Flagg, Brookhaven National LaboratoryCourtesy Charles Flagg, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Recovery of the Ehime Maru
Image courtesy of the US Navy
Image courtesy of the US Navy
Vessel Mounted ADCPs
Images courtesy of Texas A&M
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Ancillary Data
Zooplankton MigrationZooplankton Migration
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Ancillary DataAvoidance BehaviorAvoidance Behavior
Courtesy of Gwyn Griffiths (SOC)
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
ADCP vs Current Meters
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Moving Platforms
Speed over groundSpeed over ground AltitudeAltitude
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Vessel-Mounted ADCP Package
ADCP TransducerADCP Transducer
ADCP Transducer CableADCP Transducer Cable
ADCP Electronics ChassisADCP Electronics Chassis
ADCP Data Acquisition SoftwareADCP Data Acquisition Software
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Ocean Surveyor
Mariner
Phased Array / Piston Transducers
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Transducers
B1 B2 B3 B4B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Cabling Options
Wet end: Right Angled or Straight-in Connector
Dry end: Loose or Attached
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
ADCP Electronics ChassisADCP Electronics Chassis Serial Comms. InterfaceSerial Comms. Interface Attitude Interface (Synchro/Stepper)Attitude Interface (Synchro/Stepper)
ADCP Data Acquisition SoftwareADCP Data Acquisition Software ADCP Setup & ControlADCP Setup & Control GPS NMEA InterfaceGPS NMEA Interface Attitude NMEA InterfaceAttitude NMEA Interface
Vessel-Mounted ADCP Package
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Supplied by the user:Supplied by the user: Vessel Heading InterfaceVessel Heading Interface Vessel GPS InterfaceVessel GPS Interface Dedicated ComputerDedicated Computer Sea Chest (or well) to install the ADCPSea Chest (or well) to install the ADCP
Vessel-Mounted ADCP Package
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Block Diagram of Vessel Mounted Setup
ADCP Chassis
ADCP Transducer
Vessel GPS
Vessel Heading
Vessel Computer
Serial Serial (NMEA) (NMEA)
OROR Synchro/ Synchro/ Stepper Stepper
Vessel Pitch/Roll
Serial Serial (NMEA) (NMEA) OR OR
SynchroSynchro
Speed Log Data
Raw Data
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Depth Below Keel
(meters)
Range (meters)
RDI’s ADCP Answer
2 1-20 WH Mariner 1200kHz
4 2-40 WH Mariner 600kHz
25 12-150 WH Mariner 300kHz
50 25-400 OS 150kHz
100 50-700 OS 75kHz
200 100-1000 OS 38kHz
Choosing the Frequency
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
Narrowband/Broadband
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
General Installation Concerns
Engine noiseEngine noise Flow disturbanceFlow disturbance On or off the centerlineOn or off the centerline AttitudeAttitude Large or varying magnetic fieldsLarge or varying magnetic fields Fixture ringingFixture ringing
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Installation Types
Gate valve
Pole
Well
Sonde
Up-lookingMoon Pool
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Conceptual Well Design
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Acoustic Windows
0.75 in 1.5 in
0.5 in 1.0 in
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
A “Typical” WinRiver Display
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Communications Tab
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
ADCP SETUP Tab
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
AVERAGING Tab
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
A “Typical” VMDAS Display
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Data QA/QC
Return Signal Strength Intensity (RSSI)Return Signal Strength Intensity (RSSI) CorrelationCorrelation Percent GoodPercent Good Error VelocityError Velocity Inter-beam Comparisons (e.g. fish screening)Inter-beam Comparisons (e.g. fish screening)
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Data QA/QC
Return Signal Strength Intensity (RSSI)Return Signal Strength Intensity (RSSI) Generally expected to decay with rangeGenerally expected to decay with range Increase with range indicates a solid Increase with range indicates a solid
object – e.g. the bottomobject – e.g. the bottom Low scattering concentration can result in Low scattering concentration can result in
data drop outdata drop out
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Data QA/QC
CorrelationCorrelation Measure of how much the scatterer Measure of how much the scatterer
distribution has changed between distribution has changed between measurementsmeasurements
In the absence of a boundary – usually In the absence of a boundary – usually sets the rangesets the range
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Data QA/QC
Percent GoodPercent Good
Percent Good 1: Percentage of solutions that used Percent Good 1: Percentage of solutions that used three beamsthree beams
Percent Good 2: Percentage rejected for high error Percent Good 2: Percentage rejected for high error velocityvelocity
Percent Good 3: Percentage rejected for having Percent Good 3: Percentage rejected for having fewer than three good beamsfewer than three good beams
Percent Good 4: Percentage of solutions that used all Percent Good 4: Percentage of solutions that used all four beamsfour beams
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Data QA/QC
Error VelocityError VelocityFundamental Assumption:Fundamental Assumption: All beams are measuring All beams are measuring
the same flow.the same flow.
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Fish Screening
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
VMDAS Data: Typical Display
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Operational Limitations
Weak Scattering LayersWeak Scattering Layers Strong Scattering LayersStrong Scattering Layers Acoustic InterferenceAcoustic Interference Heading Alignment ErrorsHeading Alignment Errors Large Pitch and RollLarge Pitch and Roll
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Operational Limitations
Weak Scattering LayersWeak Scattering LayersThese can cause velocity dropouts at These can cause velocity dropouts at
a given deptha given depth
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Operational Limitations
Strong Scattering LayersStrong Scattering LayersThese can cause high velocities in a layer These can cause high velocities in a layer
that seem to depend on the vessel’s speedthat seem to depend on the vessel’s speed
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Operational Limitations
Acoustic InterferenceAcoustic InterferenceThese can cause velocity drop outs in These can cause velocity drop outs in
diagonal bandsdiagonal bands
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Current Magnitude
Current Direction
Operational Limitations
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
B 1B 2
B 3B 4
Severe pitch/roll Severe pitch/roll This can limit the measurement rangeThis can limit the measurement range
B1 B2 B3 B4
Operational Limitations
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
Severe pitch/roll Severe pitch/roll This can limit the measurement rangeThis can limit the measurement range
Operational Limitations
Home of the ADCP
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
3
3
2/13/02
JAMSTEC RV Kaiyo off of Mindanao, PhilippinesJAMSTEC RV Kaiyo off of Mindanao, Philippines
Vessel Mounted ADCPs
Measuring Water in Motion and Motion in Water
ADCPs on ShipsADCPs on Ships