àH$meH$ : gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmX · àH$meH$ : gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmX ... 6

1

gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmX(VÎd{MÝVZ pŠV g§ñH¥${V {d‘e©)

Jmoñdm‘r í`m‘ ‘Zmoha

àH$meH$ : lrdëb^{dÚmnrR>-lr{dÆ>boeà wMaU Am.hmo.Q´>ñQ>, d¡ d H$mo-Am°nao{Q>d gmogm`Q>r, nwUo-~|Jbmoa amo‹S>, H$moëhmnwa, ‘hmamï´>. 416008.

AmboIàñVw{V : Jmoñdm‘r í`m‘ ‘Zmoha

àW‘g§ñH$aU : ^mÐnXH¥$îUm fîR>r {d.g§.2066

à{V : 300

{Z…ewëH${dVaUmW©

‘wÐH$ : a‘m AmQ>²©g², 4, MwZmdmbm BÝS>pñQ´>Ab² EñQ>oQ²>, H$m|{S>{dQ>m, A§Yoar (nyd©), ‘w§~B©… 400 059.

2 3

nwamodmH²$

^maVr` naånam‘| Xme©{ZH$ {MÝVZH$m gåàXm`Ho$pÝÐV ~hþY«wdr` {dH$mg{OVZr {XemAm|‘| hþAm h¡, CZ g^rH$mo doX-doXm§J, ñ‘¥{V Am¡a nwamUm| ‘| ‘y{bV~Vm`m Om gH$Vm h¡. d¡gr Xme©{ZH$ naånam | Omo AnZoH$mo Cn w©ŠV Amf© òmoVm|‘|‘y{bV Zht ‘mZVr h¢, CZ‘| r gd©kàmoŠV ñdVÝÌ AmJ‘m|H$m {dH$mg H$mbmÝVa‘|hþAm hr h¡. Bg gÝX ©‘| ‘hÎdnyU© VÏ` `h h¡ {H$ ^maVr` Xe©Zm|H$s Eogr‘ybJm‘r à{V~ÕVmHo$ ~mdOyX r hm§ nañna {damoYr Am¡a g‘mZmÝVa {dMmam|H$mnëbdZ r {Z~m©Y J{Vgo hmoVm ahm h¡ Am¡a CZ g~H$mo C{MV gå‘mZ VWm àl`^r {‘bm h¡. dmñVd‘| XoIm Om` Vmo nyd©njHo$ à{V ñdñW g{hîUwVm Ed§göX`Vm H$mo ^maVr` Xme©{ZH$ naånamH$s AZwn‘ {deofVm H$hr Om gH$Vr h¡.^maVr` naånam‘| Ym{‘©H$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ ‘mZ-‘`m©XmAm|H$s g{hîUwVmahr h¡. BgH$m EH$ AÝV{Z©{hV H$maU ^maVr` Xe©Zm|Ho$ ‘m¡{bH$ òmoVm|H$mÝ yZm{YH$ ê$ngo {Zd£ pŠVH$ àH¥${VH$m hmoZm h¡. "{Zd£ pŠVH$-àH¥${V'go h‘mamVmËn © Ho$db Anm¡éfo ‘ybgo Zht ~pëH$ nm¡éfo ‘ybgo ^r h¡. kmZHo$ nm¡éfoòmoVm|Ho$ à{V ^r {Zd£ pŠVH$ A{^{Zdoe ^maVr` Xe©ZH$s EH$ AZÝ` {deofVmh¡ Omo gm‘r naånamHo$ Y‘m} Ed§ VXZwf§Jr Xe©Zm| ‘| ÑpîQ>JV Zht hmoVr. BgrHo$MbVo ^maVr` Xe©Zm|H$s gåàXm`Ho$pÝÐV bo{H$Z nañna I§S>Z-‘§S>Zgo wŠVgwXrY© {dH$mg‘mÌm‘| J{VamoY H$^r Xme©{ZH$ H$maUm|go CËnÝZ Zht hþAm, O~{H$ Xme©{ZH$ ÑpîQ>`m§ `hm§ bå~o g‘` VH$ dm{MH$ naånam‘| Z¡pîR>H$ ê$nYmaUH$a OrdZ nmVr ahr h¢.

Cn w©ŠV {Q>ßnUrHo$ Ûmam h‘ {Og ~mVH$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aZm MmhVo h¢ dh`h {H$ maVr` ‘ybHo$ A{YH$m§e Xme©{ZH$ gåàXm`m|Ho$ gmW "^maVr`' {deofUH$mAW© Š`m h¡ Am¡a gåàXm` {H$g AW©‘| ^maVr`VmH$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aVo h¢?gåà{V gma-g§jon‘| Bg àíZH$m CÎma XoVo hþE H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ^maVr`Xe©ZHo$ A{YH$m§e gåàXm` ^maVr`VmH$m à{V{Z{YËd CgHo$ ^m¡Jmo{bH$ n[a{Y‘|hmoZoHo$ AW©‘| hr H$aVo h¢. BgH$m AndmX Ho$db doXmÝVH$s {dMmaYmam Am¡a^mdYmam àVrV hmoVr h¡, {OgZo ^m¡Jmo{bH$VmH$s gr‘mH$mo nma H$a ^maVr`VmH$moVXmË‘H$ à{V{Z{YËd àXmZ {H$`m h¡. Xme©{ZH$ ÑpîQ>go dñVwV: ^maVr`VmH$m

{deofU "doXmÝV' Zht h¡ ~pëH$ doXmÝVH$m {deofU hr "^maVr`Vm' ~ZVr h¡.`hr H$maU h¡ {H$ ^maVHo$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ OrdZ Am¡a Xme©{ZH$ ‘mZg ‘| doXmÝVH$sà{VîR>m EH$ Xme©{ZH$ Y‘©Ho$ ê$n‘| hþ r h¡. Bg {dMmaYmamH$s ‘yb yV ‘mÝ`VmAm|‘|‘mZdr` AZw^d Am¡a CgH$s A{VH«$å`Vm Ho$ {bò AnojmH¥$V ì`mnH$VaAdH$me h¡. ‘Zwî`H$s J[a‘m Am¡a CgHo$ JÝVì` H$s {OkmgmHo$ gmW-gmWbmoH$‘§JbHo$ {b o gd©Vmo Ð VËnaVm Ed§ AX² wV g¡ÕmpÝVH$ bMrbmnZ h¡.Bg‘| ‘mZdr` MoVZmHo$ kmZmË‘H$ BÀN>mË‘H$ Am¡a ^mdZmË‘H$, VrZm| hr,A{^d¥{Îm`m|H$mo EH$gmW Am¡a AbJ-AbJ ê$nm|‘| ^r na‘Ëd àmßV hmoZoHo$AdH$me h¢. Eogr ‘ybJm{‘Vm `{X ^maVr` ‘ybHo$ {H$gr AÝ` Xe©Z‘| ahr Vmodh hrZ`mZ‘| Zht ~pëH$ ‘hm`mZ ~m¡Õ Xe©Z‘| XoIr Om gH$Vr h¡. naÝVw AÛ¡VdoXmÝVÛmam CgH$m Xme©{ZH$ gmË‘rH$aU {H$ o OmZo VWm H${Vn` gm§ñH¥${VH${damoYm|Ho$ H$maU Am¡a gmW hr gmW bmoH$OrdZgo g‘§Og nwéfmW©‘r‘m§gr`ÑpîQ>H$m A^md Am¡a Hw$N> Eo{Vhm{gH$ {dnXmAm|Ho$ H$maU ‘hm`mZ ~m¡Õ Xe©ZCVZm à{VpîR>V Zht hmo gH$m {OVZm {H$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ ñdrH$aU doXmÝVH$mo {‘bm.

`Ú{n doXmÝVH$s doX‘ybH$Vm VWm dm{MH$ ^mdYmam Ho$ ê$n‘| CgH$sàmMrZVmgo BÝH$ma {H$gr ^r Vahgo Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm. bo{H$Z {bpIV{dMmaYmamHo$ ê$n‘| BgHo$ B{VhmgHo$ Amapå^H$ gyÌ g‘§Og ê$n‘| CnbãY ZhthmoVo. `Ì-VÌ àmßV Hw$N> J«ÝWJV gmú`m|Ho$ g§Ho$VZ‘mÌgo doXmÝVXe©Z-naånamHo$~¥hX² dmL²>‘` hmoZoH$m Am^mg Adí` {‘bVm h¡. BgHo$ ~mdOyX r doXmÝVXe©ZH$me§H$anyd© Am¡a e§H$aníMmV² O¡gm ^r B{Vhmg CnbãY h¡, CgHo$ AmYmanadoXmÝVH$mo ^maVr` naånamH$m gdm©{YH$ J{Verb Xe©Z Am¡a Cgr AZwnmV‘|gm§ñH¥${VH$ n[aì`mpßV aIZodmbm OrdZXe©Z H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡. d¡go Vmo^maVr` naånam‘| AÛ¡VdmXr Xme©{ZH$ àd¥{Îm`m|H$m àmYmÝ` ewégo hr ahm h¡.ì`mH$aU ~m¡Õ Am¡a e¡d naånam r AnZo-AnZo VarHo$go AÛ¡VdmXH$s nwañH$maH$naånam | ahr h¢. naÝVw doXmÝVH$s naånam‘| Am¡n{Zf{XH$ H$mbgo boH$a AmYw{ZH$wJ VH$ CgHo$ {OVZo Xme©{ZH$ g§ñH$aUm|H$m {dH$mg Am¡a nwZa©MZm hþ r h¡ dh

AnZo Amn‘| AVwbZr` h¡. doXmÝVHo$ Eogo AZoH${dY g§ñH$aUm| Ed§ nwZa©MZmAm|Ho$Amngr {ddmX Am¡a ‘V oX ^r H$‘ Zht aho h¢. `hm§ VH$ {H$ AÛ¡VHo$ àH$mam|Ed§ CgHo$ n[a{ZpîR>V MyS>mÝV ñdê$nH$mo boH$a ~bm~bH$m àXe©Z AmO VH$ ^r

4 5

éH$m Zht h¡, {’$a ^r g~H$s AmË‘m EH$ h¡.

doXmÝVH$s AmË‘m h¡ : ""EH$‘odm{ÛVr`‘²''. BgrHo$ gmW CgHo$ g^rgåàXm`m|Zo AnZr-AnZr ÑpîQ>go {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ lw{V`m|H$m `moJm`moJ {XImH$aAnZo-AnZo Xme©{ZH$ àñWmZm|H$mo {dH${gV {H$`m h¡. `Ú{n doXmÝVHo$ MmaàñWmZ ~hþV à{gÕ h¢. bo{H$Z g¡ÕmpÝVH$ ÑpîQ>go doXmÝVHo$ àñWmZm|H$s g§»`mH$moÛmXe àmê$nm| VH$ {dH${gV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¢. AmMm ©àda nyÁ` ~m~m(Jmoñdm‘rí`m‘ ‘Zmoha)Or AnZo boIZ‘| doXmÝVHo$ ÛmXeàmê$nr` Vm{H©$H$ g§ mdZmAm|H$sMMm© AŠga {H$`m H$aVo h¢. AVEd H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ ""éMrZm§ d¡{MË`mX²F$OwHw${Q>b-ZmZmnW-Owfm‘²...''H$s gd©g‘mdoer d¡Mm[aH$Vm Am¡a ^md y{‘na doXmÝV hr ^maVH$m amîQ´>r` Xe©Z Am¡a Y‘© h¡, {dídOZrZ gm§ñH¥${VH$àoaUmH$m Aj`òmoV. `hr ^maVH$s AmÜ`mpË‘H$ d¡Mm[aH$ {damgV h¡ Omo AmO^r h‘ ^maVr`m|H$s OrdZà{V‘m‘| ~hþ{dYê$n‘| gdm©{YH$ A{^ì`pŠV nmVr h¡.

Bg Vah XoIm Om` Vmo ^maVr` naånam‘| doXmÝV EH$ H$ënd¥jHo$ g‘mZ h¡,{OgH$s ~hþ{dY emIm | Z Ho$db ^maV‘| Xme©{ZH$ CËH$f©H$s hoVw ~Zr h¢;~pëH$ ^maVH$s Ym{‘©H$ MoVZm ^r BÝhtgo AZwàm{UV h¡. AVEd do hr g‘`-g‘`na ^maVHo$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ ZdOmJaUH$s hoVw ^r ~Zr h¢. àmMrZH$mbgo boH$aA~ VH$ doXmÝVXe©ZHo$ {d{dY gåàXm`m|‘| e§H$adoXmÝV am‘mZwOdoXmÝV{Zå~mH©$doXmÝV ‘ÜddoXmÝV dëb^doXmÝV Ed§ M¡VÝ`doXmÝV ~hmoV hr à{gÕ h¢.BgHo$ A{V[aŠV AmYw{ZH$ g‘`‘| X`mZÝX gañdVr, ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZÝX, ‘h{f©Aa{dÝX, a‘Z ‘h{f© VWm ñdm‘rZmamÙ gåàXm` Ed§ C‹S>rgmHo$ ‘{h‘mÛ¡VgåàXm` BË`m{XHo$ ‘mÜ`‘go ^r doXmÝV{MÝVZH$s naånamH$m hr nëbdZ Am¡an[adY©Z hmoVm ahm h¡.

Bg àg§J‘| EH$ Xme©{ZH$ àíZ Amdí`H$ê$ngo CnñWm{nV hmoVm h¡ {H$doXmÝVHo$ ~hþ{dY gåàXm` `{X doXmÝVê$nr H$ënd¥jH$s AZoH$ emIm | h¢ VmoCg H$ënd¥jH$m ñdê$n AnZo Amn‘| Š`m h¡? `Ú{n doXmÝVHo$ g^r gåàXm`Cg naånam Am¡a Xe©Z Ho$ dmñV{dH$ Am¡a EH$‘mÌ CÎmam{YH$mar hmoZoH$m XmdmH$aVo h¢ naÝVw Bg XmdoH$s àm‘m{UH$Vm Am¡a naI CVZr AmgmZ Zht {OVZr {H$g‘Pr OmVr h¡. `{X Bg àíZH$m CÎma nyÁ` ~m~mOrHo$ {dMmagaUr‘| gmoMm Om`

Vmo do "~«ô‘dmX'H$m o doXmÝVH$m gm‘mÝ` bjU ‘mZVo h¢; Š`m|{H$""EH$‘odm{ÛVr`‘²'' lm¡V AmXe© doXmÝVHo$ g^r gåàXm`m|H$m g‘mZê$ngoñdrH¥$Vnj h¡. naÝVw BgHo$ gmW {OZ AbJ-AbJ lw{V`m|H$m `moJ {XImH$alre§H$amMm © lram‘mZwOmMm © lr‘ÜdmMm © Am¡a lrdëb^mMm © AnZo-AnZodoXmÝVàñWmZm|H$s AmYmaerbmH$mo EH$-Xygaogo AbJ H$aVo h¢, dh {^ÝZ-{^ÝZhmo OmVm h¡. em§H$a doXmÝV "EH$‘odm{ÛVr`‘²'Ho$ gmW ""Zoh ZmZmpñV{H$ÄMZ''H$m `moJ {XImH$a nma‘m{W©H$ AÛ¡V Am¡a ‘m{`H$ Û¡V à{Vnm{XVH$aVo hþE Ho$dbmÛ¡VH$s à{VîR>m H$aVm h¡. am‘mZwOr` doXmÝV "EH$‘odm{ÛVr`‘²'Ho$gmW ""`: gd© yVofw {VîR>Z²...''H$m `moJ H$a {d{eîQ> AÛ¡V Am¡a {deofU-{deoî`Ho$ Û¡V ê$n‘| {d{eîQ>mÛ¡VH$m à{VnmbZ H$aVm h¡. ‘mÜd doXmÝV"EH$‘odm{ÛVr`‘²'Ho$ gmW ""kmkm¡ ÛmdOmdremZrem¡''H$m `moJ {XImH$aAm¡nMm[aH$ AÛ¡V Am¡a nma‘m{W©H$ Û¡V ê$n‘| Ho$dbÛ¡VH$m {dYmZ H$aVm h¡.dmëb^ doXmÝV "EH$‘odm{ÛVr`‘²'Ho$ gmW ""VX² EojV ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o ''H$m`moJ {XImH$a ñdm^m{dH$ AÛ¡V Am¡a EopÀN>H$ Û¡V H$mo CX²Km{Q>V H$a ewÕmÛ¡VH$sAdYmaUm àH$Q> H$aVm h¡.

A~ `{X `h nyN>m Om` {H$ BZ‘|go H$m¡Z EH$ gåàXm` ~«ô‘dmXH$m `m H$h|Am¡n{ZfX ~«ô‘dmXH$m gd©Vmo^mdoZ à{VnmXZ H$aVm h¡? Vmo g‘w{MVê$ngoBgH$m lo dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo hr {X`m Om gH$Vm h¡. Bgna `{X H$moB© `h H$ho{H$ ^maV‘| Xme©{ZH$ à{VîR>m Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ ñdrH$aU Vmo em§H$a doXmÝVH$mo hrgdm©{YH$ àmßV hþAm h¡ Vmo `h C{MV hr h¡. naÝVw `h ^r Ü`mVì` h¡ {H$Xme©{ZH$ à{g{Õ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ ñdrH$aU H$s n[aì`mpßVH$mo doX-Cn{ZfXm{XÛmam nwañH¥$V ~«ô‘dmXHo$ `Wm yV ñdê$nHo$ CÎmam{YH$mar hmoZoH$m à‘mU Zht‘mZm Om gH$Vm. ÐîQ>ì` h¡ {H$ ‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©H$m ~«ô‘dmX gd©dmXmZdgaAm¡a gd©dmXmZwamo{Y ^r h¡ :

""gd©dmXmZdga§ ZmZmdmXmZwamo{Y VX²&AZÝV‘y{V© VX² ~«ô‘ ô`{d^ŠV§ {d^pŠV‘X²&&''

Bg{bò Cgo ~«ô‘dmXH$m gd©Vmo^mdoZ {dídVmo‘wI à{VnmXZ H$hm OmgH$Vm h¡. `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ Bgo "ewÕmÛ¡V' Am¡a "gmH$ma-~«ô‘dmX' Zm‘m|go

6 7

A{^{hV {H$`m OmVm h¡.

Bg ê$n‘| ~«ô‘dmXHo$ à{VnmXZH$mo ‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©H$s H$moB© ‘m¡{bH$gyP r Zht H$hr Om gH$Vr. dmñVd‘| h Cn{ZfX² JrVm ~«ô‘gyÌ Am¡a mJdVH$s ghO g‘pÝdV Am¡a àm‘m{UH$ ì`m»`mgo àgyV gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmX h¡. ñd §‘hmà w dëb^mMm © AnZo A{^‘VH$mo ñd §H$s ‘m¡{bH$ gyP ‘mZVo ^r Zht h¢:

""AWm} ‘od {ZpIb¡a{n doXdmŠ ¡: am‘mÙ¡: g{hV^maVnÄMamÌ¡:& AÝ ¡íM emñÌdMZ¡: ghVÎdgyÌ¡: {ZUu`Vo göX § h[aUm gX¡d&&

`Ú{n doXmÝVHo$ AÝ`gåàXm` ^r AnZoH$mo lw{V ñ‘¥{V Am¡a nwamUm{Xgå‘V ì`m»`mZê$n hr ‘mZVo h¢ bo{H$Z dmñV{dH$Vm ì`m»`mZ‘mÌ hmoZoH$sZht. ‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©Ho$ ì`m»`mZ Am¡a doXmÝVHo$ AÝ` gåàXm`m|Ho$ ì`m»`mZ‘|‘ybJm‘r AÝVa BVZm h¡ {H$ nhbo‘| Ohm§ lm¡Vr CËàojmH$m à`moJ Ý yZV‘ h¡ dhtXygam|‘| lm¡Vr CËàojm hr AZoH$ à{VnmÚHo$ {b o gmYH$V‘ AmYma hmo OmVr h¡.AVEd ewÕmÛ¡Vr gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmX dñVwV: lw{V ñ‘¥{V Am¡a nwamUm| Ho$ ‘mÜ`‘goCn§~¥{hV {dMmanaånamH$s A{^Ym h¡, ‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©H$s H$moB© ‘m¡{bH$Xme©{ZH$ CËàojm Zht. Bg AW©‘| ewÕmÛ¡VH$mo Vmo doXmÝVHo$ AÝ` gåàXm`m|H$sVah EH$ gåàXm` ^r Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm. Š`m|{H$ ‘hmà w dëb^mMm © Am¡aCZHo$ AZwJm‘r AmMm`©JU ì`m»`mZà{H«$`m‘| doXmÝVHo$ AÝ` gåàXm`{dXm|Am¡a CZH$s CËàojmAm|Ho$ gmW `Wmdga Ý yZm{YH$ ê$ngo dmX H$aVo hþE àVrVhmoVo h¢. `h Vmo ñdm^m{dH$ hr h¡. Bg{b o Eogm ^r àVrV hmoZo bJVm h¡ {H$‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©H$s ì`m»`m ^r em§H$a am‘mZwOm{X Ho$ g‘mZmÝVa doXmÝVH$sEH$ Ho$db d¡H$pënH$ ÑpîQ> Am¡a nwZì`m©»`m h¡, O~{H$ dmñVd‘| Eogm h¡ Zht.hm§ ^maVr` Xe©ZYmamAm|‘| EH$ à‘wIV‘ YmamH$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aZodmbo Xe©ZH$mgdm©{YH$ gwg§JVê$n h¡, o Adí` H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡.

nyÁ` ~m~mOr ‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©Ho$ ewÕmÛ¡VH$mo Eogr hr ‘ybJm{‘Vm‘|

XoIVo h¢. ""VoZ ‘mohoZ ‘w½YËdmV²...'' ewÕmÛ¡VH$s Bgr ‘ybJm{‘VmH$mo CX²Km{Q>VH$aZoHo$ {b o CÝhm|Zo 20dt-21dt eVmãXr‘| CnîQ>å^H$H$s y{‘H$m {Z^mB© h¡.BZH$m gånyU© OrdZ, ‘mZmo àm`mo{OV ê$ngo, ewÕmÛ¡VH$s MVwaò à{VîR>mH$mog‘{n©V h¡. BÝhm|Zo dmëb^doXmÝVHo$ AmH$aJ«ÝWm| Am¡a nadVuH$mbHo$ àH$aUmË‘H$boIm|H$m gånmXZ Am¡a àH$meZ {Og àm‘m{UH$VmHo$ gmW {H$`m h¡, CggoewÕmÛ¡Vr dmL²>‘`H$mo CÁOrdZ àmßV hþAm h¡. BYa {dJV Hw$N> dfm]‘| nyÁ`~m~mOrZo AnZo à`mgm|go dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo EH$ Z`m Am`m‘ XoZoH$m AË`ÝV hrgamhZr` à`mg {H$`m h¡. `h Am`m‘ CZHo$Ûmam Am`mo{OV AX² wV AH$mX{‘H$ghdoXZerbVmHo$ gmW {dÛËn[aMMm©Ho$ ê$n‘| ’$br yV hþAm h¡.

AnZo Bg à`mg‘| nyÁ` ~m~mOrHo$ ñdH$s` {ZX}eZ‘| : eãXà‘mU,H$m ©H$maU^md, AÝ`»`m{VdmX, àË`jà‘mU, AÝYH$madmX, A{YH$ma{dMmanwpîQ>‘mJu`-gmYZmàUmbr, à{V~ÝY Am¡a OKÝ`m{YH$ma O¡go {df`m|naamîQ´>r`ñVaH$s g§JmopîR>`m§ Am`mo{OV hþ r h¢. BZ g§JmopîR>`m|H$m {deof CÔoí`dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ {d{^ÝZ àH$aUm|na gånyU© ^maVr` Xe©Z Ed§ `Wmgå^dnmíMmË` Xe©ZHo$ ^r gÝX^m]‘| VwbZmË‘H$ê$ngo {dMma H$aZm Wm. nyÁ` ~m~mOrEd‘² CZHo$ AZÝ` gh`moJr nyÁ` eaX~m~m Ho$ AWH$ à`mggo Cn w©ŠV g§JmopîR> m|Ho$nwñVH$mH$ma àH$meZÛmam EH$ Vahgo dmXe¡br‘| ewÕmÛ¡VH$s {dñVmaerb `moOZm’$br yV hþ r h¡. BgHo$ A{V[aŠV nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo ñd § AnZr boIZrgo ewÕmÛ¡VrXme©{ZH$ ÑpîQ> Am¡a gmYZmàUmbr na gw{dMm[aV ê$ngo à yV boIZ ^r {H$`mh¡. nyÁ` ~m~mOrH$m AÜ`dgm`joÌ BVZm ì`mnH$ h¡ {H$ Cggo doXmÝVH$s ‘yb yVg§aMZm Z Ho$db CX²Km{Q>V hmoVr h¡ ~pëH$ Cgo MyS>mÝV à{VîR>m ^r àmßV hmoVrh¡. do {bIZoHo$ {b o {OVZo ‘‘©ñneu {df`m|H$m M`Z H$aVo h¡, CZH$m à{VnmXZ^r CVZm hr AÝVamW©H$mo àH$Q> H$aZodmbm hmoVm h¡. BZHo$ Ûmam g‘`-g‘`na{bIo J o eVm{YH$ AmboI EH$-EH$ àH$aUJ«ÝWHo$ g‘mZ h¢ Am¡a Cg {df`naàW‘ñVar` àm¡‹T> à{VnmXZgo A{^{hV {H$ o Om gH$Vo h¢. nyÁ` ~m~mOrH$sñdm^m{dH$ mfm Vmo g§ñH¥$V h¡, Am¡a gmW hr gmW do H$`r mfmAm|‘| g‘mZê$ngoA{YH$ma aIVo h¢ bo{H$Z AnZo ‘hÎdnyU© boIZH$mo CÝhm|Zo {hÝXr‘| àñVwV H$a,Z Ho$db amîQ´>^mfmH$mo g‘¥Õ {H$`m h¡ ~pëH$ AmJm‘r nr‹T>rHo$ g‘j {hÝXr‘|Jå^ra Xme©{ZH$ boIZHo$ {b o EH$ ‘mZXÊS> ^r àñVwV {H$`m h¡.

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nyÁ` ~m~mOrH$s `h àñVwV H¥${V CZH$s ‘ybJm‘r ewÕmÛ¡Vr ÑpîQ>Ho$ {dñV¥V’$bH$ Am¡a CgHo$ {dñVrU© Amoa-N>moa H$mo naIZodmbm EH$ CËH¥$îQ> Z‘yZm h¡.Bg‘| CÝhm|Zo ewÕmÛ¡Vr gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXH$s AmYm[aH$ g§aMZmH$mo VÎdkmZ ^pŠVAm¡a g§ñH¥${V ‘ybH$ ÑpîQ>go CX²Km{Q>V {H$`m h¡. Bgna H$moB© {Q>ßnUr H$aZm Vmo‘oao deH$s ~mV Zht h¡. h‘mam gånyU© à`mg Vmo nyÁ` ~m~mOrgo CÝ‘r{bV hmoZo‘|hr JVmW© hmo OmVm h¡.

Bg J«ÝWHo$ àW‘ Xmo AmboIm|‘| ("‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©H$m Xe©Z Am¡a ‘mJ©'Am¡a "~«ô‘dmXH$s VmpÎdH$ g{hîUwVm')‘| gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXH$s VmpÎdH$ g§aMZmAm¡a CgHo$ ZmZmdmXmZwamoYr ñdê$nna àH$me S>mbm J`m h¡. BZ XmoZm| AmboIm|H$mAZwn‘ d¡{eîQ²>` Bg ~mV‘| {Z{hV h¡ {H$ nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo ~«ô‘dmXHo$ à{VnmXZmW©AmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$ {dídÑpîQ>H$mo ~o~mH$ T>§Jgo nyd©nj ~Zm`m h¡. EH$ Amoa Ohm§AmOH$bHo$ Ym{‘©H$-Xme©{ZH$ ì`pŠV AnZr Ym{‘©H$Vm Am¡a Xme©{ZH$Vm H$mooZ-Ho$Z àH$mago {dkmZgå‘V ~VmZo‘| Jd©H$m AZw d H$aVo h¢. dht Xygar Amoa

nyÁ` ~m~mOr ‘mBÝS²> Am¡a ‘oQ>a² Ho$ AÝVhrZ Û§Û‘| CgHo$ AmYw{ZH$ ^m¡{VH$sgr‘mAm|H$m g§Ho$V H$aVo hþdo Am¡n{ZfX "~«ô‘'H$m Bg ê$n‘| {dYmZ H$aVo h¢, Omo^m¡{VH$ Am¡a A^m¡{VH$ XmoZm| VahHo$ ê$n Ed§ ì`mdhmam| H$m A{YîR>mZ ~Z nm o.naÝVw nyÁ` ~m~mOr ~«ô‘VÎdH$m Bg ê$ngo {dYmZ H$aVo hþdo Bg ~mVgo ^r^br^m§{V AdJV h¢ {H$ {H$g àH$ma d¡km{ZH$ kmZ Am¡a Cggo ào[aV npíM‘Ho$Xme©{ZH$ {MÝVZ‘| H$mÝQ²>go boH$a {d oZm gH©$b²Ho$ Xme©{ZH$m| VH$ VÎd‘r‘m§gr`CnñWmnZm | Z Ho$db Cno{jV ahr ~pëH$ AW©hrZ ^r Kmo{fV H$s J`r h¢. BZg~ àd¥{Îm`m|H$s Om§M n‹S>Vmb H$aVo hþdo nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo Am¡n{ZfX ~«ô‘dmXHo$Cg ñdê$nH$mo àH$Q> {H$`m h¡ Omo d¡km{ZH$dmX Ako`dmX g§XohdmX Am¡aVH$s© àË`jdmX O¡gr {dñWmnH$ Xme©{ZH$ àd¥{Îm`m|H$m Z Ho$db A{damoYr h¡~pëH$ AmH$meH$s Vah CZ g~H$mo {Z{d©¿Z AdH$me àXmZ H$aZodmbm hmo.dmñVd‘| {ZpIbê$nVmH$s ~«mpô‘H$ ñdrH¥${V hr gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXH$s namËnaH$mo{Q> h¡ Am¡a V~ gd©dmXmZdga Am¡a ZmZmdmXmZwamoYr hmoZm CgH$m ñdê$nbjU~Z OmVm h¡. AmíM © hmoVm h¡ {H$ Bg Am¡n{ZfX ~«ô‘dmXHo$ Eogo ñdê$nH$s Amoa‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©Ho$ A{V[aŠV doXmÝVHo$ AÝ` gåàXm`m| Am¡a CZHo$ AmMm`m]H$m

Ü`mZ J`m hr Zht, O~{H$ AZoH$m| lw{V`m§ Bg Jy‹T>mW©H$mo ~hþ{dY ê$n‘| ~ma§~maH$hVr ahr h¢. AmO nyar Xw{Z`m O~ EH$mpÝVH$ {dMmam|Ho$ g§Kf©H$s wÕ y{‘ ~Zrhþ r h¡ V~ ~m¡Õm|Ho$ gd©ÑpîQ>àhmUdmXr Am¡a O¡{Z`m|H$s AZoH$mÝVdmXr d¡Mm[aH$g{hîUwVmgo {^ÝZ Am¡n{ZfX ~«ô‘dmXH$s namËna g{hîUwVmH$mo AmYw{ZH$ AÜ oV¥VmHo$g‘j COmJa H$a nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo ~‹S>m hr CnH$ma {H$`m h¡. `h ~mV BVZr‘hÎdnyU© h¡ {H$ Bgo "nmbm©‘oÝQ²> Amo’²$ dëS©> [a{bOÝg²'Ho$ ‘§Mgo ^maVHo$ njê$n‘|aIm OmZm Mm{h o.

Bg J«ÝWH$m Vrgam AmboI àË`j{dMmago gå~pÝYV h¡. Bg‘| nyÁ`~m~mOrZo gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXH$s ÑpîQ>go àË`jà‘mUH$s àpñW{V Am¡a y{‘H$m naM{H$V H$a XoZodmbr ‘m¡{bH$VmHo$ gmW {dMma H$aVo hþE ‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©Ho$Bg dMZH$m gmb§H$ma ^mî` {H$`m h¡ {H$ ""Mjw: Z ñdgm‘Ï }Z ^JdÝV§{df`rH$amo{V {H$ÝVw ^Jd{XÀN>`m "Ed§ ‘m§ gd} ní`ÝVw" BË oVÐÿn`m VX²Ñí`‘²'' `h dŠVì` àË`jH$s kmZ‘r‘m§gr` y{‘H$mHo$ gå~ÝY‘| {X`m J`mEH$ VÎd‘r‘m§gr` A{^H$WZ h¡ Omo EH$ {deof àH$maH$s VÎd‘r‘m§gr` àmJnojm‘|àË`jHo$ K{Q>V hmoZoH$mo g§Ho${VV H$aVm h¡. AÛ¡VdmXr àH$maHo$ Xe©Zm|Ho$ {b o `h~mV {deof ‘hÎd aIVr h¡ Š`m|{H$ AnZr-AnZr VÎd‘r‘m§gmH$s n¥îR> y{‘‘|àË`jH$s Eogr ì`m»`m Omo AÝVd£ pŠVH$ AZw dgo gwg§JV hmo; BZHo$ {b oAmdí`H$ hmoVm h¡. nyÁ` ~m~mOr AÛ¡VdmXr Xe©Zm|H$s Bg Amdí`H$VmH$mo Bgê$n‘| XoIVo h¢ {H$ bm¡{H$H$ {df`m|Ho$ VmpÎdH$ ñdê$n (emñÌJå`)Ho$ ~mao‘|bm¡{H$H$ àË`jm{X à‘mUm|H$m àm‘mÊ` AdZganamhV hmoZona r Cg VmpÎdH$VmHo$bm¡{H$H$ ñdê$nHo$ ~mao‘| àË`jm{X à‘mUm|H$m àm‘mÊ` ñdrH$ma hr H$aZm n‹S>Vmh¡. AÝ`Wm Cg VmpÎdH$Vm-{df`H$ emãXr à‘mH$s Cnn{Îm ^r emñÌdMZHo$Ûmam Zht hmo nm oJr. dñVwV: `h ~mV lw{V Am¡a àË`j ‘| VmaVå`H$s AnojmH$m{X½Xe©Z H$amVr h¡. A~ `hm§ ÐîQ>ì` h¡ {H$ AÛ¡VdmXr àH$maHo$ Xe©Zm|‘|àË`jH$s AdYmaUm {df`H$ ‘yb yV AÝVa Bg ~mVgo {ZYm©[aV hmoVm h¡ {H$CZHo$ Ûmam ñdrH¥$V AÛ¡V VÎdHo$ ñdñdê$n‘| {df`-{df`r-^mdH$m ñ’w$aU{H$g àH$ma hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ñ’w$[aV {df` Ed§ {df`r H$s EH$-XygaoHo$ à{VA{^d¥{Îm (E{Q>Q²> wS²>) {H$g àH$maH$s hmoVr h¡. nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo Bg AmboI‘|A yVnyd© ‘m¡{bH$VmHo$ gmW {df` Am¡a {df`r H$s nmañn[aH$ A{^d¥{ÎmH$s,

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J«hU AmamonU Ed§ g¥OZ ê$nr, AZoH$ d¡H$pënH$ gå^mdZmAm|H$mo BX§àW‘V`mAÝdo{fV H$aVo hþE àË`jHo$ Eogo fS²>{dY àmê$nm|H$mo nyd©nj ~Zm`m h¡. o fS²>{dYnyd©nj AnZo-Amn‘| BVZo ì`mnH$ h¢ {H$ BZ‘| à‘wI ^maVr` Ed§ H${Vn`nmíMmË` Xe©ZYmamAm|H$s àË`jgå~ÝYr AdYmaUmAm|H$m g‘mhma hmo OmVm h¡.AÝV‘| gmVd| {dH$ën AWm©V² CÎmanjHo$ ê$n‘| nyÁ` ~m~mOr gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXrÑpîQ>go {df` Am¡a {df`r Ho$ àW‘ñ’w$aU VWm XmoZm|H$s AÝ`moÝ` A{^d¥{ÎmH$s{deX ì`m»`m H$aVo hþE Bg {ZîH$f©na nhþ§MVo h¢ {H$ dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ AZwgmaàË`jmZw^y{V, {df` Am¡a {df`r ‘| {ZJy‹T> JwUY‘m}H$s AÝ`moÝ`gh`moJdeCâZodmbr, dmñV{dH$Vm `m A{^ì`pŠV h¡.

Bg J«ÝWH$m Mm¡Wm AmboI {ZJ‘ Am¡a AmJ‘ emñÌm|Ho$ VwbZmË‘H$ ñdê$nAm¡a àm‘mÊ` VWm CZH$s EH$dmŠ`Vmgo gå~pÝYV h¡. ÐîQ>ì` h¡ {H$ BgAmboIH$m {dMmajoÌ {OVZm ì`mnH$ h¡ CVZm hr JhZ ^r h¡. naÝVw `h nyÁ`~m~mOrHo$ hr gm‘Ï ©H$s ~mV h¡ {H$ CÝhm|Zo àH¥$V g‘ñ`mHo$ bJ^J g^rnhbwAm| Am¡a Cggo gå~pÝYV `mdX² {ddmXmñnX AmH$a gÝX^m]H$m nw§ImZwnw§I{ddoMZ {H$`m h¡. Z¡J{‘H$-AmJ{‘H$ naånamHo$ emñÌm|H$m ñdê$n Am¡a àm‘mÊ`Vmo CZ-CZ emñÌm|Ho$ AZw m`r`m|Zo AnZo-AnZo VarHo$go ñdrH$ma hr {H$`m h¡bo{H$Z CZH$s EH$dmŠ`Vm gmåàXm{`H$m {ZîR>mH$s ê$‹T> YmaUmHo$ MbVo AmO ^rAË`ÝV {ddmXmñnX ~Zr hþ r h¡. naÝVw nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo AgmYmaU nmpÊS>Ë`H$màXe©Z H$aVo hþE Bg ê${‹T>H$mo Vmo‹S>m h¡ Am¡a MVwîVbr` àm‘mÊ`ì`dñWm(1emñÌVmËn` ©-{OkmgmH$mbrZ Vb 2VmËn` ©~m oYm o Î maH$mbrZ Vb3~«ô‘gmjmËH$mamoÎmaH$mbrZ Vb Am¡a 4^JdXmdVmaH$mbrZ Vb) H$s ‘m¡{bH$gyPHo$ AmYmana lm¡V emñÌm| Ed§ nmÄMamÌm{X AmJ‘emñÌm| Ho$ ñdê$n, àm‘mÊÀm¡a EH$dmŠ`Vm H$m n ©dgmZ CÝhm|Zo ewÕmÛ¡Vr gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmX‘| {XIm`m h¡.ê$‹T> hþ`r gmåàXm{`H$ {ZîR>mAm|Ho$ ~rM nyÁ` ~m~mOrH$s `h g‘Ýd`H$marCnñWmnZm AnZo-Amn‘| ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© h¡ Am¡a maVr` dmL²>‘`H$s EH$dmŠ`VmH$moEH$ Z o {gaogo CX²Km{Q>V H$aVr h¡.

Bg J«ÝWH$m nm§Mdm§ AmboI ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$s Xme©{ZH$ AdYmaUmgo gå~pÝYVh¡. ÐîQ>ì` h¡ {H$ ^maVr` naånam‘| Y‘© Zr{V Am¡a AmMma Ho$ ì`dñWmnH$‘|

‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$mo gdm©{Vem`r ‘hÎd àmßV h¡. Bgo AVEd "‘mZd-Y‘©emñÌ'H$sg§kmgo A{^{hV {H$`m J`m h¡. ‘Zwñ‘¥{V g¥pîQ>Ho$ ‘yb‘| hr EH$ Z¡{VH$ ì`dñWmXoIVr h¡. Bg{b o gm‘m{OH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ YamVbna ^r Y‘©-Zr{VHo$ ñdê$nAm¡a CgHo$ ì`dñWmnH$ H$s AdYmaUm g‘wXm`mMmaHo$ ê$n‘| Zht ~pëH$ EH$gw{MpÝVV VÎdÑpîQ>H$mo AmYma‘| aI H$a H$s J`r h¡. A~ àíZ CR>Vm h¡ {H$‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$s VÎdÑpîQ> Š`m h¡? ÐîQ>ì` h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ ì`m»`mH$mam|Zo AnZr-AnZr gmåàXm{`H$ {ZîR>m Am¡a VXZwê$n CËàojmAm| Ho$ AZwgma ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$sVÎdÑpîQ> {ddo{MV H$aZoH$m à`mg {H$`m h¡. {deofê$ngo amKdmZÝX Am¡a Jmo{dÝXamOZo Ho$dbmÛ¡Vr em§H$a gåàXm`mZwgmar Ed§ Hw$ëbyH$ ^Q²>Q>Zo oXm oXdmXr ^mñH$ar`‘VmZwgma ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$s ì`m»`m H$s h¡. A~ nyÁ` ~m~mOrHo$ gm‘Zo `h àíZ h¡{H$ `{X lw{V ñ‘¥{V Am¡a nwamUm| H$s AmYma^yV d¡Mm[aH$ g§aMZm gmH$ma~«ô‘dmX‘| n ©d{gV hmoVr hmo Vmo ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$s VÎdÑpîQ> ^r gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXr hrhmoZr Mm{h o. naÝVw ‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©Zo ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$s Eogr ì`m»`m H$s Zhth¡. Bg AmboIHo$ ‘mÜ`‘go nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo ‘Zwñ‘¥{VHo$ àW‘ AÜ`m`Ho$ AÝVJ©Vd{U©V g¥pîQ>H$s àmJdñWm Am¡a ~mahd| AÜ`m`‘| d{U©V gdm©Ë‘^mdH$s ‘r‘m§gmH$aVo hþE `h {XIbm`m h¡ {H$ fÊ‘Và{VîR>mnH$ e§H$a‘V Am¡a ^mñH$a‘V go‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$s g§J{V ~¡R>Vr Zht h¡. dmñVd‘| `h ~«mô‘ gåàXm`Ho$ AÝVJ©VewÕmÛ¡VdmXr Xme©{ZH$ {dMmaYmam Am¡a VÎdÑpîQ> H$m nmofH$ J«ÝW h¡. dmëbêwÕmÛ¡V Ohm§ H¥$îU^ŠË`W© h¡ dht ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$m ewÕmÛ¡V dUm©l‘Y‘m©W© h¡.

Bg J«ÝWH$m N>R>m AmboI ‘hmà^w dëb^mMm`©go nyd©Ho$ ewÕmÛ¡VdmXrXme©{ZH$m| Am¡a CZHo$ gåàXm`m| go gå~pÝYV h¡. BgHo$ AÝVJ©V nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo^mñH$amMm ©Ho$ oXm oXdmX, H$mí‘ra e¡dXe©ZHo$ {edmÛ`dmX Ed§ H$Um©Q>H$Ho${deofmÛ¡Vr e¡d‘V H$m ewÕmÛ¡VdmXr Ñ{ï>go VwbZmË‘H$ AÜ``Z H$aVo hþE `h{XImZoH$m à`mg {H$`m h¡ {H$ ^maVr` naånam‘| ‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©go nyd© ^rewÕmÛ¡Vr Xme©{ZH$ àd¥{ÎmH$s AÝV:g{bbm àdm{hV hmo ahr Wr Am¡a CgrH$mgwg§JV Ed§ g‘wÝZV ê$n ‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©H$m gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmX h¡. nyÁ`~m~mOrZo ^mñH$amMm ©Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$ A oX Am¡a Am¡nm{YH$ oX na {Q>ßnUrH$aVo hþE C{MV hr H$hm h¡ {H$ ñdm^m{dH$ A oXH$m nj Vmo C^`gå‘V h¡bo{H$Z ^mñH$amMm © Ohm§ oXH$mo Am¡nm{YH$ ‘mZVo h¡ dht ‘hmà wZo Bgo EopÀN>H$

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‘mZm h¡. dmñVd‘| Am¡nMm[aH$ oXH$s AdYmaUmna O~ `h àíZ CR>m`m OmVmh¡ {H$ dh Cnm{Y ñd § ~«ô‘mË‘H$ h¡ `m Zht Vmo XmofmoH$s EH$ e¥§Ibm ewé hmoOmVr h¡. Bg Xmofe¥§IbmH$s {dlm§{VHo$ {b o ñdm^m{dH$ A oX Am¡a EopÀN>H$ Û¡V‘mZZm Amdí`H$ àVrV hmoVm h¡. {edmÛ`dmXHo$ gÝX ©‘| Bgr Vah nyÁ` ~m~mOr`h {XImVo h¢ {H$ O‹S>OrdmË‘H$ OJV² Am¡a na‘{ed Ho$ ~rM VmXmËå`H$sAdYmaUm XmoZm| hr Xe©Zm|H$mo EH$-XygaoHo$ ~hmoV {ZH$Q> bo AmVr h¡ Š`m|{H$ OJV²Am¡a {ed Ho$ ~rM Z Vmo A{VÛ¡V h¡ Am¡a Z A{VAÛ¡V. dmñVd‘| XoIm Om o Vmoem§H$a {ddV©dmX VWm dmëb^ n[aUm‘dmX XmoZm|go ~MVo hþE H$mí‘rae¡d Xe©ZEH$ {dbjU e¡br‘| ewÕmÛ¡VH$mo ñdrH$maVm h¡. dmëb^ ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$s ar{VgoBg H$mí‘ra ewÕmÛ¡VdmX‘| ^r Û¡V EopÀN>H$ h¡, ‘m{`H$ Zht. AVEd dmëb^‘V‘| O¡go ""AmZÝXm§eàH$mem{Õ ~«ô‘^mdmo ^{dî`{V'' H$hm OmVm h¡ d¡gohr `hm§ ^r ""gmo@h‘²''`m ""{edmo@h‘²''H$s ^mdZmdmbr àË`{^kmgo nwéf‘|na‘{ed^md nwZ: {gÕ hmoVm h¡. Eogo hr nyÁ` ~m~mOr drae¡d‘VHo$ AZwgma~«ô‘gyÌna mî` {bIZodmbo lrn{V^JdËnmXmMm ©Ho$ {deofmÛ¡VdmXH$m {díbofUH$aVo hþE Bg {ZîH$f©na nhþ§MVo h¡ {H$ ^mñH$amMm`©H$s VwbZm‘| lrn{VH$mA{^‘V dmëb^ ‘VHo$ A{YH$ {ZH$Q> h¡ `Ú{n lrn{V OJV²H$mo ~«ô‘Ho$ñdê$nH$m n[aUm‘ Zht ‘mZVo ~pëH$ ~«ô‘epŠVH$m n[aUm‘ ‘mZVo h¡. nwZ:‘wŠVmË‘m Am¡a na‘mË‘m Ho$ ~rM Û¡VH$m AË`ÝVm^md lrn{VH$mo ^bo hr ‘mÝ`hmo naÝVw g¥pîQ>àb`H$mb‘| OrdmË‘m Am¡a na‘mË‘m Ho$ ~rM Û¡V Am¡a VX²{damoYr^mdê$n VmXmËå` gå~ÝYH$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZm CZHo$ Xe©ZH$s AmÝV[aH$ g§J{VHo${b o Amdí`H$ àVrV hmoVm h¡.

nyÁ` ~m~mOrHo$ Bg AmboIgo AdmÝVaê$n‘| Bg VÏ`na ^r àH$me n‹S>Vmh¡ {H$ lw{V ñ‘¥{V Ed§ nwamUm{X gå‘V doXmÝVH$s {MÝVZYmam‘| Ho$dbmÛ¡V CgH$m‘Ü`nmVr à{V{Z{YËd hr H$aVm h¡, Š`m|{H$ em§H$anyd© Ed§ em§H$aníMmV² doXmÝVH$s{MÝVZYmam {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n‘| gX²dmXH$m hr nmofH$ ahr h¡ Am¡a dhrÛ¡VmÛ¡Vd¡bjÊ`-dmXr ewÕmÛ¡VHo$ ê$n‘| CÀMñVar` g§J{VHo$ gmW A{^ì`ŠVhþAm h¡.

Bg J«ÝWH$m gmVdm§ AmboI npíM‘r Xe©Znaånam‘| ewÕmÛ¡VdmXr AWdm

{‘bVo-OwbVo Xme©{ZH$ {MÝVZH$s ImoO~rZgo gå~pÝYV h¡. AmíM ©OZH$ê$ngonyÁ` ~m~mOrZo `h {XImZoH$m à`mg {H$`m h¡ {H$ {Og àH$ma ^maVr` Xe©Znaånam‘| ewÕmÛ¡Vr Xme©{ZH$ {MÝVZH$s EH$ àgaUr` Ymam ahr h¡. Cgr àH$manpíM‘r Xe©Z‘| ewÕmÛ¡Vr àH$maH$s EH$ Xme©{ZH$ àd¥{Îm, EH$ H$mb {deof VH$,{dH$mgmoÝ‘wI h¡. àmapä‘H$ wZmZrXe©Z‘| Bgo AZ°pŠg‘|Xa²go ßbmVmo AañVw n ©ÝV~rOê$n‘| XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡. ßbmVmoHo$ {MÝVZ‘| AÛ¡VdmXr àd¥{Îm Vmo ñnîQ>ê$ngoPbH$Vr h¡ bo{H$Z AañVwHo$ Û¡VdmXr hmoZona ^r nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo CgHo$ {MÝVZ‘|`h XoIm h¡ {H$ {H$g àH$ma dh AnZo Jwé ßbmVmoHo$ {dnarV `h ‘mZVm h¡ {H$dñVwH$m àË`` dñVwHo$ ~mha Zht ~pëH$ dñVwHo$ ^rVa hr {Z{hV ahVm h¡.AÝ`Wm AnZo AmXe© ñdê$nH$s Amoa CgH$m {dH$mg gå^d hr Zht hmo nm oJm.Bg Ñ{ï>go AañVwHo$ {MÝVZ‘| ^m¡{VH$ Ðì` Am¡a A^m¡{VH$ àË`` Ho$ ~rM EH$àH$maHo$ bMrbo A oXH$s ñWmnZmH$m à`mg ñnîQ>ê$ngo {XImB© n‹S>Vm h¡. BgHo$AZÝVa nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo ßbmo{Q>Zg² E[aOoZm ~«yZmo BË`m{XHo$ Xme©{ZH$ B©ídadmX‘|{Z{hV ewÕmÛ¡Vr Xme©{ZH$ àd¥{Îm`m|H$mo CZHo$ dŠVì`m| Am¡a ‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©H$sn§pŠV`m| H$mo Am‘Zo-gm‘Zo aIH$a CX²Km{Q>V {H$`m h¡. AÝV‘| nyÁ` ~m~mOrnpíM‘r ewÕmÛ¡Vr {MÝVZH$m nm ©pÝVH$ê$n pñnZmoµOmHo$ Xe©Z‘| XoIVo h¢. Bgàg§J‘| àmo’o$ga² a‘mH$mÝV {ÌnmR>rH$s à{gÕ nwñVH$ "pñnZmoµOm BZ² X² bmBQ²> Am°’²$doXmÝV'H$m ñ‘aU AmZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡. {Og‘| CÝhm|Zo pñnZmoµOmHo$ Xe©ZH$sì`m»`m Ho$dbmÛ¡Vr Ñ{ï>go H$s h¡ bo{H$Z R>rH$ BgHo$ {dnarV nyÁ` ~m~mOrpñnZmoµOmHo$ gd}ídadmXH$mo ‘hmà^w dëb^mMm`©Ho$ ewÕmÛ¡VHo$ A{YH$ {ZH$Q>nmVo h¢. dñVwV: pñnZmoµOmH$s Ðì`H$s AdYmaUm {ZpíMVê$ngo AÛ¡VdmXr h¡,bo{H$Z O~ dh JwUH$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVm h¡ Vmo CgHo$ AÛ¡VdmXH$s {Û{dYì`m»`m | gå^mì` hmo OmVr h¢. pñnZmoµOm JwUH$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE H$hVo h¢""By attribute i understand that which intelect conceives as

constituting essence of substance'' Bg n[a^mfm‘| Xmo KQ>H$ (‹Intelect

conceives Am¡a Constituting essence‹)Eogo h¢. {Og‘| nhbo KQ>H$na ~bXoZogo pñnZmoµOmH$m gd}ídadmX VwbZr`ê$n‘| Ho$dbmÛ¡VH$s Amoa VWm Xygao KQ>H$na~b XoZogo dh ewÕmÛ¡VH$s Amoa PwH$Vm h¡. A~ Bg‘| VwbZr`ê$ngo H$m¡Zgrì`m»`m C{MV h¡ BgH$m {ZYm©aU ‘oao gm‘Ï ©go ~mhaH$s ~mV h¡. pñnZmoµOmHo$nmíMmË` ì`m»`mH$ma ^r AmOVH$ Xmo Io‘m|‘| ~§Q>o hr hþE h¡.

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Bg J«ÝW‘| AmJoHo$ Xmo AmboI H$‘© kmZ ^pŠV àn{Îm Ed§ `moJ Ho${d{dYê$nm|go gå~pÝYV h¢. ^maVr` naånam‘| {dMmaHo$ o g^r nhbw Aml‘Am¡a nwéfmW© ì`dñWmgo wŠV hmoH$a Aä wX` Ed§ {Z:lo gHo$ ‘mJ©ê$n‘| A{Ve`‘hÎd aIVo h¢. nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo Cn w©ŠV g^r {df`m|na gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXr ÑpîQ>go~‹S>o hr g‘§Og ê$n‘| {dMma {H$`m h¡. H$‘© kmZ Am¡a pŠV Ho$ gÝX ©‘| àn{ÎmH$sñdm`ÎmVm na {dMma H$aVo hþE nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo AË`ÝV ‘m{‘©H$VmHo$ gmW BgVÏ`H$mo CX²Km{Q>V {H$`m h¡ {H$ ""EH$‘{n AmpñWV: gå`J² C^`moa² {dÝXoV’$b‘²'' AWm©V² H$‘© kmZ ^pŠV Am¡a àn{Îm o g^r n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ Am¡a ñdVÝÌ‘mJ© h¢ VWm{n {H$gr EH$ ‘mJ©H$mo nyar AZÝ`{ZîR>mHo$ gmW AnZmZona eof‘mJm]H$m’$b ñd § hr àmßV hmo OmVm h¡. A~ Ohm§VH$ àn{ÎmH$s ñdm`ÎmVm Am¡a CgHo$d¡{eîQ²>` H$m àíZ h¡ Vmo nyÁ` ~m~mOrHo$ AZwgma EH$ Amoa H$‘© moJ kmZ`moJ Ed§^pŠV`moJ ‘| na‘mË‘~moYHo$ ‘mhmËå`kmZH$s àmW{‘H$Vm gwVam§ ñdrH$m © hmoZogo"àn{Îm' BZ {Ì{dY `moJm|H$m nydmªJ ~Z OmVr h¡ Vmo Xygar Amoa H$‘© kmZ ^pŠVê$n Cnm`m|‘| `{X nyU© {ZîR>mH$m A^md ^r hmo Vmo Ho$db ‘mhmËå`kmZ‘ybH$na‘mË‘{ZîR>mHo$ gwÑ‹T> hmoZona àn{Îm ñdVÝÌV`m ^r gdm©W© gd©’$bXm`H$ ~ZOmVr h¡. dñVwV: JrVm‘| lrH¥$îUZo ""gd©Y‘m©Z² n[aË`Á` ‘m‘oH§$ eaU§ d«O''H$h H$a Bgr Jwô`V‘ CnXoeH$mo Cn{XîQ> {H$`m h¡. A~ `hm§ àíZ CR>Vm h¡ {H$na‘mË‘{ZîR>mê$nr ‘mhmËå`kmZH$s gwÑ‹T>Vm Am¡a nwpîQ>H$m à{V~ÝYH$ Š`m h¡O~{H$ OrdmË‘m gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘H$m gmjmV² {MX§e yV h¡. dñVwV: ~«ô‘ hrAnZo {MX§e‘| A{dÚmepŠVHo$ Ûmam AÝV:H$aUmÜ`mg àmUmÜ`mg BpÝÐ`mÜ`mgXohmÜ`mg Am¡a ñdê$nmkmZ H$mo àH$Q> H$aVm h¡. A{dÚmHo$ `hr nm§Mmo nd©à{V~ÝYH$ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a BZH$m Zme ^r n§Mndm© {dÚmHo$ Ûmam hr hmoVm h¡. n§Mndm©{dÚmHo$ AÝVJ©V d¡am½` gm§»` `moJ Vn Am¡a ^pŠV Am{X n[aJ{UV {H$ o J oh¢. ‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©Ho$ ewÕmÛ¡V‘| moJHo$ {d{dYê$nm|H$m ‘ybmYma hr n§Mndm©{dÚm h¡.

Bg J«ÝWHo$ Xgd| AmboI‘| nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo d¡îUdr AmñWm Am¡a CgHo$gm‘Zo CâVr AmYw{ZH$ MwZm¡{V`m§Ho$ gå~ÝY‘| {dMma {H$`m h¡. Eogm àVrVhmoVm h¡ Oogo nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo Bg àíZH$mo gmåàXm{`H$ Am¡a VXZwê$n Z¡pîR>H$OrdZM`m©H$s n[agr‘m‘| CR>m`m h¡ Am¡a EVX²Ûmam CÝht ì`pŠV`m|H$mo gå~mo{YV

H$aZm MmhVo hm| Omo gmåàXm{`H$ ñdrH¥${Vnyd©H$ Bg n[agr‘m‘| AmVo hm|. naÝVwBg {dMmago gå~pÝYV g‘gm‘{`H$ {MÝVmAm|H$mo Am¡a ^r ì`mnH$ VWm Jhaoê$n‘| CR>m`m OmZm Mm{h o Wm. AÀN>r ~mV Vm `h h¡ {H$ nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo nyd©Ho$H$`r AmboIm|‘| BgHo$ {b o g¡ÕmpÝVH$ AmYma ^r {Z{‘©V {H$`m h¡. ÐîQ>ì` h¡{H$ nyÁ` ~m~mOr gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXH$mo ^maVr` {dMma Am¡a g§ñH¥${V H$moVXmË‘H$ê$ngo à{V{Z{YËdê$n àXmZ H$aZodmbo {dMmaH$s ~¥hËnaånamHo$ ê$n‘|XoIVo h¢. naÝVw dmëb^ gåàXm`H$m àMma-àgma g§ñH¥${VH$s ~¥hËnaånamHo$ê$n‘| Š`m| Zht hþAm? O~H$s BgH$s ewéAmV EH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ AmÝXmobZHo$ê$n‘| hr H$hr hþ r Wr. Eogm Vmo Zht {H$ ^maVr` AÛ¡VÑpîQ>, gm‘r EHo$ídadmXrÑpîQ>Ho$ {dnarV, ~hþXoddmXH$s {damoYr Zht h¡. Bgr{b o gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXHo$Cnmñ`H$m Xodà oXnyd©H$ {d{^ÝZ àmê$nm|‘| A{^ì`ŠV hmoZm CgH$s {ddeVm h¡Am¡a `h {ddeVm CgH$m ñdmVÝË` ^r h¡ hr AVEd gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXHo$Cnmñ`H$m Xodà oXnyd©H$ gmåàXm{`H$ {ZîR>mAm|H$m nZnZm ñdm^m{dH$ hr h¡.`mdV² gmåàXm{`H$ {ZîR>m | gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmX‘| A{damoYV`m hr ghmdñWmZr hmoOmVr h¢. `hr Vmo gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXH$m AË wÀM d¡{eîQ²>` h¡

Bg àH$ma H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ "gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmX' lw{V ñ‘¥{V Am¡anwamUm{Z Ho$ ‘mÜ`‘go àgaUerb {dMmanaånamH$s AmYm[aH$ g§aMZm h¡. doXmÝVHo${d{dY gåàXm` Bgr AmYm[aH$ g§aMZmHo$ {d{eîQ>ê$n H$ho Om gH$Vo h¢. Bg‘|dmëb^ gåàXm` gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXH$m H¥$îUmÙmdVma h¡ Am¡a BgH$s nw§ImZwnw§Iê$naoIm n§M‘ doXñdê$n ^mJdV ‘hmnwamUHo$ ‘mÜ`‘go àH$m{eV hþ`r h¡.dñVwV: ^mJdV nwamU‘| XmoZm| g§aMZmE§ AWm©V² gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXH$s AmYm[aVg§aMZm Am¡a Cgna Amé‹T> CgH$m H¥$îU^º²$`W© H¥$îUmÙr {d{eîQ>ê$n XmoZm|gmW-gmW MbVo h¢. "lr^mJdVr` ñWmZbrbmH$m Am¡n{ZfX gÝX ©' erf©H$AmboIHo$ ‘mÜ`‘go nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo {dñVmanyd©H$ H¥$îUmÙr gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXHo$^mJdVr` ñdê$nH$mo Bg Vah CX²Km{Q>V {H$`m h¡ O¡go {H$ ^mJdV ‘hmnwamU""lrH¥$îU§ na‘mZÝX§ Xebrbm wV§ gXm''H$m gmjmV² dmJ²{dJ«h hmo. nyÁ`~m~mOrZo AnZo Cng§hma dŠVì`‘| ^mJdV nwamUHo$ Xe{dY dÊ ©{df`m|-gJ©{dgJ© ñWmZ nmofU D${V ‘ÝdÝVa B©emZwH$Wm {ZamoY ‘wpŠV Am¡a Aml`-H$m{ZYm©aU Am¡a {Zê$nU H$aVo hþE Bgr {Z{hVmW©H$mo àH$Q> {H$`m h¡. dmñVd‘|

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^mJdVHo$ o Xe{dY dÊ ©{df` nañna bjU Am¡a bú`ê$n ‘| {d^ŠV hmoH$a{Z~Õ {H$ o J o h¢. AWm©V² nyd©Ho$ Zm¡ {df` bjUê$n h¢, {OZH$m {Zê$nU^mJdVHo$ V¥Vr` ñH$ÝYgo boH$a EH$mXe ñH$ÝY VH$ hþAm h¡, ApÝV‘ dÊ ©{df`"Aml`VÎd' bú` yV h¡, {OgH$m {Zê$nU ÛmXe ñH$ÝY‘| hþAm h¡. A~ `hm§{dMmaUr` hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ ^mJdVHo$ Xe{dY dÊ ©{df`m|Ho$ ‘Ü` {H$g àH$maH$mbjUbú`^md h¡? nyÁ` ~m~mOrZo `hm§ AnZr ì`m»`mZH$m¡ebgo Zm¡ bjUm|H$mo{demoYH$H$s y{‘H$m‘| aIH$a bú` yV "Aml`VÎd'Ho$ {demoYZH$s {d{^ÝZgå^mdZmAm|na {dMma {H$`m h¡. gmW hr gmW àH¥$V bjUbú`^md‘|VmËn ©{df`Ho$ {demoYZH$s Ho$dbmÛ¡Vr {d{eîQ>mÛ¡Vr Ho$dbÛ¡Vr Ad{eîQ> Û¡VmÛ¡Vr{deofmÛ¡Vr Am¡a A{d^mJmÛ¡Vr à{H«$`mAm|H$m AÜ`mhma Am¡a CgH$s g‘rjm H$aCnmXmZ-CnmXo`ê$n bjUbú`^mdH$mo gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmXHo$ ^mJdVmoŠVê$ngog§JV ~Vm`m h¡.

lrH¥$îUOÝ‘mîQ>‘r, 11{gVå~a 2010, Apå~H$mXÎm e‘m© {díd{dÚmb`n[aga,gmJa.470003.

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y{‘H$m(‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©H$m Xe©Z Am¡a ‘mJ©)

gm§»` ‘VHo$ {MÝVH$m|Zo àH¥${V Am¡a nwéf Ho$ g§ moJgo MbVo Bg OJV²H$sVwbZm A§Yo Am¡a n§Jw Ho$ nañna gh`moJgo MbZoHo$ CXmhaUÛmam g‘PmB© h¡. A§YmMb gH$Vm h¡ na XoI Zht gH$Vm. MbZoHo$ à`mg‘| R>moH$a Im H$a em`X {Jan‹S>oJm. n§JwH$mo {XIbmB© XoVm h¡ na Mb Zht gH$Vm. EH$ O‹S> Am¡a Xygam MoVZ,na XmoZm| nañna gh`moJ H$a| Vmo XmoZm|H$mo hr EH$-XygaoH$s gm‘Ï ©H$m bm^ {‘bgH$Vm h¡. Hw$N> Eogm hr gå~ÝY lrdëb^mMm © ‘hmà wHo$ gmH$ma-~«ô‘dmXAm¡a nwpîQ>^pŠV ‘| ^r h¡. nwpîQ>^pŠV‘| `h epŠV h¡ {H$ BgHo$ ghmao OrdmË‘mnwpîQ>‘mJ©na MbH$a na‘mË‘m VH$ nhþ§M gH$Vr h¡. naÝVw na‘mË‘m h¡ H$hm§? `{Xna‘mË‘mH$s Amoa H$X‘ ~‹T>mZo h¡ Vmo na‘mË‘mH$s {XemH$m ~moY Amdí`H$ h¡.gmH$ma-~«ô‘dmXr ÑpîQ> h‘| {Xem~moY àXmZ H$aVr h¡. `m| gmH$ma-~«ô‘dmXAm¡a nwpîQ>^pŠV nañna EH$-XygaoHo$ nyaH$ ~Z OmVo h¡.

gmH$ma-~«ô‘dmXHo$ {~Zm h‘mar nwpîQ>^pŠVHo$ AÝYlÕm‘| ~Xb OmZoH$sgå^mdZm h¡ VWm nwpîQ>^pŠVHo$ {~Zm gmH$ma-~«ô‘dmXr ÑpîQ> h‘mao n§Jw{dídmgH$sÚmoVH$ hmoJr. Amdí`H$Vm h¡ AV: nwpîQ>^pŠVHo$ ‘mJ©na gmH$ma-~«ô‘dmXrÑpîQ>go gånÝZ hmo H$a MbZoH$s.

MbZm h¡ Vmo XoIVo hþE MbZm n‹S>oJm na H$ht h‘ XoIVo hr Z ah Om`Bg{b o MbVo ^r ahZm Mm{h o

AmpIa Š`m Amdí`H$Vm h¡ MbZoH$s? Š`m Mbo {~Zm ahm Zht OmgH$Vm? Š`m H$ht éH$m Zht Om gH$Vm? hm§ éH$m Om gH$Vm h¡ na h‘maréH$Zogo MbZoH$s {H«$`m Zht gH$ Om oJr. h‘ n¥Ïdrna éH$ gH$Vo h¡ na h‘|ApñVËd àXmZ H$aZodmbr n¥Ïdr {ZaÝVa MbVr ahoJr; Am¡a h‘ éHo$ hþE r Mb

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aho hm|Jo `hm§ g~ Hw$N> Mb ahm h¡ Omo pñWa bJVm h¡ dh ^r {H$gr XygarAnojmAmo‘| Mb ahm h¡ na Mb Vmo ahm hr h¡. h‘mao m¡{VH$ Xoh‘| {ZaÝVa aŠVH$mn[a «‘U Mb ahm h¡. AUw‘| na‘mUwAm|H$m n[a «‘U Mb ahm h¡. h‘mao Amgnmg-BX©{JX© hdm MÝÐ‘m Vmao Am{X g^r Vmo Mb aho h¡. {’$a éH$m H¡$go Om oJm?à{VOÝ‘mo‘| AmË‘m MbH$a EH$ Xohgo Xygao XohH$s Amoa Om ahr h¡ {’$a H¡$go H$htéH$m Om gH$Vm h¡?

Hw$N> AmYw{ZH$ Xe©Z h‘mar MoVZmH$s ^m¡{VH$dmXr ì`m»`m H$aZm MmhVoh¢. ^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ {H$ÝVw ^m¡{VH$ nXmWm}H$s ^r Eogr naV| Imob ahm h¡ H$s OmoCZHo$ {ZaÝVa A^m¡{VH$ ñd^mdH$s Jdmhr XoZo Om ahr h¡. O~ earaemñÌearaHo$ A^m¡{VH$ MoVZmà wŠV ì`dhmam|H$s ^m¡{VH$-amgm`{ZH$ ì`m»`m Xo ahoh¡ V^r ñd § ^m¡{VH$emñÌ ^m¡{VH$ nXmWm}Ho$ A^m¡{VH$ njHo$ g§Ho$V Xo ahm h¡.AV Ed ~Q´>©ÝS²> agob² H$hVo Wo "what is mind‹? No matter; what is

matter‹? never mind‹!'' naÝVw ‘mBÝS²> Am¡a ‘°Q>a² Ho$ PJ‹S>o A^r VH$ {ZnQ>Zht nm o.

^m¡{VH$dmX H$hVm h¡ {H$ AmË‘mH$s H$moB© Amdí`H$Vm Zht. ^m¡{VH${Z`‘m|Ho$ AmYmana g^r dñVwAm| VWm ì`dhmam| H$s ì`m»`m gå^d h¡. naÝVwAmYw{ZH$ ^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ H$hVm h¡ {H$ ^m¡{VH$ Ðì` {ZpîH«$` Zht-ñdV: g{H«$`h¡. ^m¡{VH$ nXmWm]H$s nañna {H«$`mAm|H$m à^md EH$-Xygaona n‹S>Vm h¡. VXZwê$nà{V{H«$`m ^r CZ‘| àH$Q> hmoVr h¡. EH$ O‹S> nXmW© O~ Xygao O‹S> nXmWm]Ho$à^mdm|H$mo J«hU H$a VXZwê$n à{V{H«$`m Omo ì`ŠV H$a gH$Vm hmo Vmo {’$a dhrVmo à{H«$`m Hw$N> Wmo‹S>r Amoa O{Q>b ~ZH$a MoVZmHo$ bjUHo$ ê$n‘| àH$Q> hmoVrh¡. Eogm O‹S> {’$a O‹S> Zht {H$ÝVw MoVZ hr h¡.

Hw$N> A^m¡{VH$dmXr {MÝVH$ H$hVo Wo {H$ VH©$epŠV BÀN>mñdmVÝË` Am¡aZ¡{VH$ {ddoH$ O‹S> nXmWm]go n¥WH$ AmË‘mHo$ ApñVËdHo$ AH$mQ²>` à‘mU h¡.O‹S>`ÝÌ ñd §M{bV hmo gH$Vm h¡ naÝVw CZ‘| VH©$epŠV BÀN>mñdmVÝË` `mZ¡{VH$ {ddoH$ gå^d Zht h¡. naÝVw ò gmao H$aV~ `{X {H$gr {dH${gVH$åß`wQ>a²Zo H$a {XIbmò Vmo MoVZmH$s Š`m Amdí`H$Vm ah OmòJr? Am¡a

MoVZmH$s VH©$epŠV BÀN>mñdmVÝË` `m Z¡{VH$ {ddoH$ H$s {dH$mgdmXr {dkmZAm¡a ‘Zmo{dkmZ Zo AmË‘mH$s H$ënZmHo$ {~Zm hr O~ gånyU© ì`m»`m Xo Xr VmoA^m¡{VH$MoVZmHo$ ApñVËdH$s Š`m Amdí`H$Vm ah Om oJr?

AmO m¡{VH$dmX (materialism)H$s {dMmae¡br Am¡a A^m¡{VH$ {dkmZdmX(idealism ‹)H$s {dMmae¡br AnZr-AnZr T>nbr Am¡a AnZo-AnZo amJ hrHo$db ~Z JB© h¡. àH¥${V-nwéf, O‹S>-MoVZ `m mind-matter Ho$ Û¡V OJV²H$snyU© ì`m»`m XoZo‘| Ag‘W© h¡. Hw$N> {ZfoYmË‘H$ {MÝVZào‘r {dMmaH$ AVEdOJV²Ho$ ‘ybVÎdH$mo A^m¡{VH$-AZmpË‘H$ (‹neither material nor mental‹)

H$hZm A{YH$ ng§X H$aVo h¡. {dYmZmË‘H$ é{M hmoZona ‘ybVÎdH$mo C^`ê$nO‹S>-OrdmË‘H$ (material-cum-mental‹) r ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡. Am{Y^m¡{VH$VWm AmÜ`mpË‘H$ ì`dhma OJV²Ho$ ‘yb nXmW©Ho$ C^`mË‘H$ hmoZoHo$ à‘mU ^r‘mZo Om gH$Vo h¡. EH$ Eogm ì`mnH$ VÎd Omo ^m¡{VH$ Am¡a A^m¡{VH$ XmoZm| VahHo$ê$n Ed§ ì`dhmam| H$m AmYma ~Z nm o. Cg ì`mnH$ VÎdH$mo Cn{ZfX² "~«ô‘'H$hVo h¢. ~«ô‘ `mZr ì`mnH$.

~«ô‘H$s {H«$`mepŠV Ed§ kmZepŠV H$m AZw d O~ h‘| ñWyb A{^ì`ŠVê$nm|‘| hmoVm hmo Vmo h‘| bJVm h¢ {H$ gmao ~«ô‘m§S>H$s ^m¡{VH$ {Z`‘m|‘| ì`m»`mg§ d h¡. h‘ Am°H$‘Ho$ VH©$H$m à`moJ H$aZo bJ OmVo h¡ {H$ O~ Ho$db ^m¡{VH$O‹S> nXmWm]H$s gÎmmH$mo ñdrH$ma H$a ~«ô‘m§S>Ho$ g^r VahHo$ ì`dhmam|H$s ì`m»`mXr Om gH$Vr h¡ Vmo ì`W© hr Xygao {H$gr A^m¡{VH$ nXmW©H$s H$ënZm Š`m| H$aZrMm{hò?

BgHo$ {dnarV A^m¡{VH$-{dkmZdmXr H$hVo h¡ {H$ `h VH©$ `{X C{MV h¡Vmo gmao OJV²H$s ì`m»`m ‘ZH$s H$ënZmAm|Ho$ ê$n‘| Xr Om gH$Vr h¡ {’$a ì`W©hr A‘mZ{gH$ ^m¡{VH$ nXmW©H$s gÎmm Š`m| ñdrH$mar Om o?

`h OJV² {Og ê$n‘| AZw dJmoMa hmoVm h¡ Cg ê$n‘| Vmo `hm§ g^r VahHo$Û¡V {XIbmB© XoVo h¡.

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~w{Õ H$hVr h¡ {H$ Omo O‹S> h¡ dh MoVZ Zht hmo gH$Vm. Am§Io H$hVr h¡{H$ H$mbm g’o$X Zht hmo gH$Vm. ZmH$ H$hVr h¡ {H$ gwJÝY XwJ©ÝY Zht hmogH$Vr. Z¡{VH$~moY H$hVm h¡ {H$ F$V AZ¥V Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡. Y‘©~moY H$hVmh¡ {H$ nmn nwÊ` Zht hmo gH$Vm. gm¢X ©~moY H$hVm h¡ {H$ Hw$ê$n gwê$n Zht hmogH$Vm h¡. öX` H$hVm h¡ {H$ h‘mam A{à` eÌw {à` {‘Ì Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡.AÛ¡VdmXr H$hVo h¢ {H$ EH$ AZoH$ Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡. ‘m`mdmXr H$hVo h¡ {H$OJV² gË` Zht hmo gH$Vm. {ZamH$madmXr H$hVm h¡ {H$ na‘mË‘m gmH$ma Zht hmogH$Vm h¡.

naÝVw Eogr g^r Û¡VK{Q>V YmaUmAm|H$s Cn`mo{JVm Ho$db H$m‘MbmC hrbJVr h¡, Bggo A{YH$ Amoa Hw$N> ^r Zht.

Hw$N> AZmË‘dmXr {MÝVH$m|Zo AmË‘mH$m ApñVËd {gÕ Z hmo Om` Bg {b oAmË‘mHo$ g^r JwU ì`dhma Ed§ à^md O‹S> nXmWm]‘| ^r ‘mÝ` H$a {b o h¡. CYaHw$N> AmË‘dmXr {MÝVH$m|Zo AmË‘mH$s gÎmm {gÕ H$aZoH$s YwZ‘| Cgo g^r VahHo$JwU Y‘© {deofVmAm| a{hV {ZJw©U {ZY©‘©H$ Am¡a {Z{d©eof ‘mZ {b`m h¡. H$moB©~oMmam ^m¡{VH$dmXr Eogr {ZJw©U-{ZY©‘©H$-{Z{d©eof AmË‘mHo$ ApñVËd I§S>ZH$ao Vmo H¡$go H$ao Eogr AmË‘mHo$ hmoZo `m Z hmoZo‘| {H$gr ^r EH$ njH$s Cnn{Îm`m Xygao njH$s AZwnn{Îm ImoOr Zht Om gH$Vr

B©gmB©Am|Zo na‘mË‘mH$m ^r a§J Jmoam-ídoV ‘mZm. Š`m|{H$ CZH$m B©ída H$mbmZht hmo gH$Vm Wm. Bg ~mVna Ho${eAg² Šbo "‘h‘X² A{b' ~Z J`m Š`m|{H$Jmoam na‘oída H$mbm|Ho$ ‘Zmo mdm|H$mo g‘P Zht nm oJm.

`{X gM‘wM XwJ©ÝY gwJÝY Zht hmo gH$Vr hmoVr Vmo EH$ hr goÝQ²> `m AÎmaEH$H$mo AÀN>m Am¡a XygaoH$mo ~wam H¡$go bJ gH$Vm Wm? `{X gM‘wM AZ¥V F$VZht hmo gH$Vm hmoVm Vmo AZ¥V AnZr g^r Xoe-H$mb-n[apñW{VHo$ CXmhaUm|‘|AZ¥V hr ahoVm. emñÌ{d{hV Y‘© ^r Xoe-H$mb-ì`pŠVHo$ gÝX ©‘| hr {H$grH¥$Ë`H$mo Y‘© Am¡a {H$gr H¥$Ë`H$mo AY‘© Ho$ ê$n‘| ‘mÝ`Vm àXmZ H$aVo h¢. g^rH¥$Ë` g^r Xoe-H$mb‘| g^r ì`pŠV`m|Ho$ {b o Y‘© Zht hmoVo. h‘ Hw$ê$n Am¡agwê$n H$m oX Vmo H$aVo h¡ naÝVw é{M g§ñH$ma `m Aä`mg Ho$ Abmdm AmO VH$

H$moB© R>mog n[a^mfm gwê$nVm `m Hw$ê$nVm H$s Xr Zht Om gH$s h¡. h‘mar àe§gmh‘| h‘mao A{à` eÌwHo$ Ûmam {H$ JB© ^r {à` bJVr h¡ na h‘mar {ZÝXm h‘| {à`{‘ÌHo$ Ûmam {H$ JB© ^r A{à` bJVr h¡.

hWobr EH$ hmoVr h¡ na A§Jw{b`m§ nm§M. EHo$ídadmXr AmOVH$ g‘mYmZ ZhtXo nm o {H$ gd©g‘W©-gd©{hV¡fr-gd©H$Vm© na‘oída Am¡a e¡VmZ EH$ h¡ `m AZoH$.~«ô‘ Am¡a ‘m`m Ho$ ~rM Û¡V h¡ `m AÛ¡V? BZ àíZm|H$mo `m Vmo AZwÎm[aV aImOmVm h¡ `m {’$a BZHo$ ~rM A{Zd©MZr` gå~ÝY ‘mZ {b`m OmVm h¡. H$maUH$mo{ZamH$ma ‘mZZm Vmo gab h¡ na H$m ©‘| AmH$ma H$hm§go Am`m `h {XIbm ZhtnmVo. {H$gr Eogo hoVwH$s H$ënZm H$a boVo h¢ Omo Z h¡ Am¡a Z Zht h¡. gXgX²{dbjUh‘Zo àíZH$mo Q>mb {X`m CgHo$ CÎmaH$mo ImoOZoHo$ ~Om`.

naÝVw Cn{ZfXm|Zo BZ Û¡Vm|H$m g‘mYmZ EH$ Eogo AÛ¡V‘| ImoOZm Mmhm h¡ {H$Omo EH$H$s AZoH$VmH$s CX²KmofUm H$aVm h¡. EH$ hr ~«ô‘ AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$nm|H$moYmaU H$a gH$Vm h¡. EH$ hr na‘mË‘m h‘go gmYw H$‘© H$amVm h¡ h‘mar CÝZ{VHo${b o Am¡a dhr h‘go ~wao H$‘© ^r H$amVm h¡ h‘mar AYmoJ{VHo$ {b o. {’$a ^rdh Ag§J CXmgrZ Am¡a ew V‘ hr h¡. Š`m|{H$ dh ì`mnH$ h¡. Cna-ZrMo AmOw-~mOy gd©Ì dhr h¡. dh h‘| Zht D$na CR>mVm {H$ÝVw ñd §Ho$ A§eH$mo D$na CR>mVmh¡. dh h‘| ZrMo Zht {JamVm na ñd §Ho$ A§eH$mo ZrMo {JamVm h¡. Ohm§go D$naCR>mVm h¡ Am¡a Ohm§VH$ D$na CR>mVm, XmoZmo OJh dh h¡. Ohm§go ZrMo {JamVm h¡Am¡a Ohm§VH$ ZrMo {JamVm h¡ XmoZmo OJh dh h¡. dh {ZamH$ma h¡ Am¡a gdm©H$ma^r. dh AUwgo AUwVa h¡ Am¡a ì`mnH$go ì`mnH$Va ^r. AVEd lr‘hmà w H$hVoh¡ ""~«ô‘ AUw hmoZona ^r ì`mnH$ h¡. H¥$îU ‘m§ èmoXmH$s JmoX‘| ~¡R>m hþAm hrg‘yMo ~«ô‘m§S>H$m AmYma h¡''

lr‘hmà^w Bgo "{dê$ÕY‘m©l`Vm' H$hVo h¢. Am¡a lre§H$amMm`©"{déÕY‘©g‘dm{`Vm'. ~¥hXmaÊ`H$ Cn{ZfX²Ho$ ^mî`‘| lre§H$amMm © Bgo ~hþVà^mdembr eãXmo‘| à{Vnm{XV H$aVo h¡ ""‘oao ~«ô‘XwJ©‘| Vm{H©$H$ amOmH$sMmnbwgr H$aZodmbo ^mSy>Vr g¡{ZH$m| O¡go {dMmaH$ à{dîQ> Zht hmo nm |Jo. `hm§Vmo AV: {Z © hmo H$a ahm Om gH$Vm h¡. {OZna emñÌ Ed§ Jwé H$s H¥$nm Z hmo

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Eogo bmoJ r hm§ ~g Zht nm |Jo. Š`m|{H$ h ~«ô‘ Mb h¡ Am¡a AMb h¡, g‘rnh¡ Am¡a Xya h¡, Vm{H©$H$m|H$s ~w{ÕH$m| MH$am XoZodmbo Eogo AZoH$ {déÕ JwUY‘© Bg~«ô‘‘| g‘doV h¡.''

OJV²H$s g^r Xme©{ZH$ ‘mÝ`VmE§ VÎmX² ê$nm|‘| Bgr EH$ ~«ô‘Ho$ AZoH$njm|H$m dU©Z H$aVr h¡. H$moB© Bgo àH¥${V H$hVm h¡, H$moB© na‘mUw, H$moB© ‘m`m,H$moB© AÑîQ>H$‘©, H$moB© dmgZm, H$moB© H$mb, H$moB© ñd^md, H$moB© eyÝ`, H$moB© {ed,H$moB© epŠV, H$moB© {dîUw, H$moB© `hmo~m, H$moB© Aëbmh. ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ ""VXodEVËàH$maoU ^d{V B{V lwVo… ‘V‘²'' dhr BZ g^r ê$nm|H$mo H$^r {dMmaH$m|H$s~w{Õ‘| YmaU H$aVm h¡ Vmo H$^r ~hma ^r. EH$m§Jr ÑpîQ>H$moUgo XoIZona BZ‘|goH$moB© ^r Xme©{ZH$ ‘mÝ`Vm g‘J« ~«ô‘H$m à{VnmXZ H$a Zht nmVr h¡. AV:Amng‘| BÝho Q>H$amZona | ‘mÝ`VmE§ Qy>Q> OmVr h¢. `{X `Wm`mo½` BÝho Omo‹S>H$aXoIm Om` Vmo nVm MboJm {H$ o g^r ‘mÝ`VmE§ ~«ô‘Ho$ EH$-EH$ {hñgoH$m {MÌàñVwV H$a ahr Wr ""gd©dmXmZdga§ ZmZmdmXmZwamo{Y VV² AZÝV‘y{V© VX²~«ô‘ Hy$Q>ñW§ Mb‘od M {déÕgd©Y‘m©Um‘² Aml § wŠË`JmoMa‘²'' ‘hmà wBg H$m[aH$mH$s ì`m»`m‘| H$hVo h¢ :

""{d{^ÝZ Xme©{ZH$ ‘VdmX {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ Xme©{ZH$m|Ho$ ‘ZH$sH$ënZmAm|Ho$ AZwgma Mmho àH¥${VH$mo ‘ybVÎd ‘mZ| `m na‘mUwAm|H$mo,‘m`mH$mo AWdm eyÝ`H$mo, H$mbH$mo AWdm ñd^mdH$mo, BZ àH¥${V, na‘mUw,‘m`m Am{XHo$ {MÌ CZH$s H$ënZmAm|‘| CâVo h¢, ~«ô‘Ho$ EH$-EH${hñgm|Ho$ {MÌHo$ ê$nm|‘| hr g‘J« ~«ô‘Ho$ {XIbmB© Z XoZoHo$ H$maU AÝVV:BZ Am§{eH$ {MÌm|H$s ghm`Vmgo hr ‘ybVÎdH$mo nhMmZZoH$m à`ËZ H$aVoh¢. Am¡a A§eV: g’$b ^r hmo OmVo h¢. `h R>rH$ hr h¡ {H$ àH¥${V nam‘mUwZht hmo gH$Vr. na‘mUw ‘m`m Zht hmo gH$Vo. gV² Am¡a AgV² Am¡a gXgX²go {dbjU ‘m`m MVwîH$moQ>r {d{Z©‘wŠV eyÝ` Zht hmo gH$Vr. {ZîH«$` eyÝ`g{H«$` H$mb Zht hmo gH$Vm. Am¡a o nañna {déÕ‘V gË` Zht hmo gH$Vo.~«ô‘, naÝVw g~Hw$N> hmo gH$Vm h¡ àH¥${V na‘mUw ‘m`m eyÝ` H$mb H$‘©ñd^md nwéf BË`m{X.''

AV: H$moB© ^r Xme©{ZH$ ñWmnZm Aàm‘m{UH$ Zht {H$ÝVw AnyU© h¡. ‘mÝ`VmVmo ‘ZHo$ XwamJ«hm| Am¡a nydm©J«hm| go {Kar ahVr h¡. AV: {‘Ï`m hmo gH$Vr h¡. nadmUr Vmo Cg AZÝV‘y{V© ~«ô‘H$s EH$-EH$ ‘y{V© m|H$m hr dU©Z H$a ahr h¡ AV:~mV g^rH$s R>rH$ h¡ na ‘mÝ`Vm‘| J‹S>~‹S>r hmo OmVr h¡.

Hw$N> VH©$emñÌr H$hVo h¡ {H$ ‘mZm Vmo Hw$N> ^r Om gH$Vm h¡ na dmUrgoì`ŠV H$aZo OmAmoJo Vmo ì`mH$aU Am¡a VH©$ emñÌHo$ {Z`‘ bmJy hmo Om |Jo.lr‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ {H$ ‘mÝ`Vm nyd©J«hm|go OH$S>r hþB© hmoVr h¡ AV: Aàm‘m{UH$^r hmo gH$Vr h¡. na dmUrgo Cgo ì`ŠV H$amoJo Vmo gË`Ho$ hr {H$gr Z {H$grnhbwH$mo Cgo COmJa H$aVr hþB© nmAmoJo dm½XodVm H$^r {‘Ï`m Zht hmo gH$Vr.AV: g^r dmXmoHo$ {ddmXgo D$na hmoZona ^r ~«ô‘ dm½XodVmHo$ AZwamoY na g^rdmXm|Ho$ ñVana CVa OmVm h¡.

~«ô‘ EH$‘odm{ÛVr` h¡ na `h AÛ¡V {H$gr O‹S> nXmW©H$m AÛ¡V Zht h¡ {H$dh na‘gÎmm AnZo-AmnH$mo kmZ Am¡a ko Ho$ Û¡V‘| {d^ŠV Z H$a nm o. hm§,~«ô‘ {ZpîH«$` h¡ naÝVw Bg AW©‘| {H$ Cg‘| àH$Q> hmoVr {H«$`mAm|H$m H$‘© ñd`‘²CgHo$ Abmdm AÝ` H$moB© hmo Zht gH$Vm. Hw$amZ H$hVr h¡ ""b‘² `{bX d b‘²ybX²'' Z dh {H$grH$m ~oQ>m h¡ Z CgH$m H$moB© ~oQ>m h¡. h‘mao `hm§ ^r Vmo H$hm

J`m h¡ ""Z Vñ` H$m ª H$aU§ M {dÚVo'' Z dh {H$grH$m H$m © h¡ Am¡a Z CgH$mH$moB© H$m © h¡. ~mV Vmo nVoH$s H$hr h¡ doXZo ^r Am¡a Hw$amZZo ^r. na AW© CgH$mg‘PZm n‹S>oJm. ~«ô‘H$m ~«ô‘go {^ÝZ Z H$moB© H$maU h¡ Z H$m © hr. ~«ô‘ naÝVwñd § H$m © Am¡a H$maU Zht ~Z nm o. `m ~mn Am¡a ~oQ>m Zht ~Z nm o BVZmAg‘W© dh Zht h¡.

Û¡V Am¡a AÛ¡V Ho$ PJSo> h‘mao nydm©J«h Am¡a gr{‘V ÑpîQ>H$moUgo CâVr{ddjmHo$ H$maU MbVo ahVo h¢. O~ h‘ EH$ amîQ´>Ho$ ê$n‘| AnZm dU©Z H$aZmMmhVo h¢ Vmo h‘mar {ddjm‘| AÛ¡V hmoVm h¡ h‘ ^maVHo$ ê$n‘| EH$ amîQ´> ~Z OmVoh¢. Am¡a `hr EH$Ëd OZg§»`mH$s {ddjm hmoZona gmR>H$amo‹S> ^r ~Z gH$Vm h¡.EH$ Am¡a Xmo, `m gMmB©go H$h| Vmo eyÝ`H$s g§»`m ^r, nañna gmnoj YmaUm |h¢. ~’©$ O‘ZoHo$ Vmn‘mZH$mo h‘Zo eyÝ` ‘mZ {b`m Vmo A{YH$ R>§S> n‹S>Zona H$hZm

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n‹S>Vm h¡ "eyÝ`go VrZ {S>J«r ZrMo' Š`m H$h aho hmo? eyÝ`Ho$ ~mX g§»`m H¡$gr?`hm§ naÝVw eyÝ` ~am~a gm¡ hmo gH$Vm h¡? Am¡a h‘ h¢ {H$ EH$ `m Xmo Ho$ PJ‹S>o‘|CbPo hþE h¢ AÛ¡VHo$ I§S>Z H$aZona Û¡V ^r I§{S>V hmo Om oJm Am¡a Û¡VHo$ I§S>ZH$aZona AÛ¡V ^r. eyÝ`Ho$ ^r ApñVËdH$mo BÝH$maZona EH$ Zht {‘boJm Vmo XmoVrZ H$s Vmo ~mV hr Š`m? naÝVw nydm©J«hgo J«ñV YmaUm Û¡V Am¡a AÛ¡V H$s{~pëb`m|Ho$ PJSo>‘| ~hþYm eyÝ`Ho$ ~ÝXaH$mo Ý`m`H$m {ZH$f ‘mZ boVr h¡

na‘mË‘m dñVwV: "EH$‘odm{ÛVr`‘²' VÎd h¡, O~ h‘mar {ddjmH$m {df`~«ô‘ hmoVm h¡; Am¡a na‘mË‘m dñVwV: "gdª Ibw BX‘²' h¡ O~ h‘mar {ddjmHo${df` CgHo$ AZÝV Zm‘-ê$n hmoVo h¢.

Cn{ZfXm|‘| ~«ô‘H$mo AVEd "gpÀMXmZÝX' H$hm J`m h¡. dh h¡ Am¡a EH$~r‘ma ~ohmoe ì`pŠVH$s Vah Zht {H$ÝVw AnZo hmoZoHo$ nyao hmoeHo$ gmW h¡. AV:dh Z Ho$db gV² h¡ A{nVw {MV² ^r h¡. Z CgH$s gÎmm‘| H$moB© Ý yZVm `m gr‘mh¡ Am¡a Z CgH$s MoVZm‘| hr. Xoe-H$mb-Ðì`Ho$ n[aÀN>oXm|go a{hV CgH$sAgr‘ gÎmm Am¡a MoVZm ‘| H$ht H$moB© {dg§dmX (disharmony) Zht h¡. {d{^ÝZñda Cg Agr‘ Y«wdnX‘| AñWm`r AÝVam g§Mmar Am¡a Am^moJ ~Z OmVo h¢.Xoe-H$mb-Ðì` CgH$s gÎmmHo$ hr VrZ nhbw h¢. Cggo ñdVÝÌ Zht h¢. Ðì`(matter) ~«ô‘go {^ÝZ Zht h¡ {H$ÝVw ~«ô‘H$s gÎmmH$m hr AÝ`V‘ ê$n h¡.H$mb (time) ^r ~«ô‘go {^ÝZ Zht {H$ÝVw ~«ô‘Ho$ {H«$`merb hmoZoH$s MoîQ>m h¡.Xoe (space)H$mo lr‘hmà w Ðì`Ho$ hr AÝVJ©V {JZVo h¢ ñdVÝÌV`m Zht. oÐì` Am¡a H$mb O¡g| gX§e h¢ d¡go hr H$‘© (kinetic energy)Am¡a ñd^md(potential energy) ^r ~«ô‘ H$s hr AÑí` gÎmm h¢. BÝht H$‘© Am¡a ñd^mdHo$ H$maU H$mb‘| Ðì` J{Verb `m pñW{Verb hmoVm h¡. `m| ~«ô‘H$s gÎmmHo$‘m¡{bH$ Mma nj h¡ : (1)Ðì` (2)H$mb (3)H$‘© Am¡a (4)ñd^md.

BZ Mmam|H$m VÝÌ O‹S>`ÝÌH$s Vah ñd`ÄMm{bV Zht {H$ÝVw gV²-{MV²-AmZÝX ~«ô‘Ho$ {MX§eê$n MoVZmÛmam Mm{bV hmoVm h¡. dh MoVZm gX§e‘| {N>nrhþB© ahVr h¡. AV: ~mhago XoIZona bJVm h¡ {H$ Ðì`-H$mb-H$‘©-ñd^mdñd`ÄMm{bV h¢ na na‘mË‘m BÝh| ~mhago Zht AÝXago Mm{bV H$aVm h¡. AVEdCn{ZfX² H$hVo h¢ ""`: gd}fw yVofw {VîR>Z² gd}ä`mo yVoä`mo AÝVamo, § gdm©{U

yVm{Z Z {dXw: `ñ` gdm©{U yVm{Z eara§, `: gdm©{U yVm{Z AÝVamo`‘`{V Ef V AmË‘m AÝV`m©‘r A‘¥V:'' -Omo g^r ^m¡{VH$ nXmWm]‘| pñWVh¡ Omo g^r nXmWm]Ho$ ^rVa h¡ {Ogo H$moB© ^m¡{VH$ nXmW© OmZ Zhr nmVm-g^r^m¡{VH$ nXmW© {OgHo$ earaH$s Vah h¢-Omo g^r ^m¡{VH$ nXmWm]H$m {Z`‘Z CZHo$^rVa ah H$a H$aVm h¡. dhr AmË‘m Vwåhmam ^r AÝV`m©‘r A‘¥V h¡. Omo ~«ô‘H$sMoVZm ^m¡{VH$ nXmWm]Ho$ ñd`ÄMm{bV hmoZoH$m ^mZ n¡Xm H$aVr h¡ dhr ~«ô‘MoVZmh‘mao ^rVa ^r Am§{eH$ ê$n‘| {dÚ‘mZ h¡. na VWmH${WV AMoVZ ^m¡{VH$nXmWm]‘| dh {N>nr hþB© h¡. AV: do OmZ Zht nmVo CZH$s AnZr gÎmmH$mo.Am{Y^m¡{VH$ nXmWm]‘| ~«ô‘H$s gÎmm hr Ho$db àH$Q> hþB© h¡. MoVZm {N>nr hþB©ahVr h¡. O~ {H$ h‘mao ñdê$n‘| gÎmm Am¡a MoVZm XmoZm| hr A§eV: àH$Q> h¡. AV:h‘| AnZo ApñVËdH$m ^mZ ahVm hr h¡. `hr AÝVa h¡ ^m¡{VH$ nXmW© Am¡aOrdmË‘m ‘|. g^rH$mo dhr A§er MoVZm Mbm ahr h¡. H$ht àH$Q> hmo H$a Am¡aH$ht {N>n H$a. Ohm§ MoVZm AnZoH$mo {N>nmVr Zht Cg gÎmmHo$ ê$nH$mo "nwéf' `m"OrdmË‘m' H$hm OmVm h¡. Bgr Vah Ðì`H$m Xygam Zm‘ àH¥${V h¡ MoVZm Ohm§O‹S>Ho$ ^rVa {N>n JB© h¡.

`h H$mb-H$‘© ñd^md-àH¥${V-nwéfH$m VÝÌ gpÀMXmZÝX na‘mË‘mH$sMoVZmÛmam Mm{bV h¡, ñd`§ {ZOHo$ AmZÝXH$s CnbpãYH$s {XemH$s Amoa.AVEd Cn{ZfX² H$hVm h¡ "" o g^r O‹S>-MoVZ ê$n Cg AmZÝX‘|go àH$Q>hþE h¢-AmZÝX‘| pñWV h¢-Am¡a nwZ: AmZÝX‘| hr brZ hmo Om`|Jo. CgAmZÝXH$mo nhMmZmo. dh AmZÝX ~«ô‘ h¡.'' ~«ô‘ O~ AnZr gÎmmH$s AZoH$gå^mdZmAm|Ho$ à{V ñd § {ZOH$s MoVZm‘| gMoV hmoVm h¡ Vmo do gå^m{dVê$ngÎmm‘| KZr^mdH$s à{H«$`mÛmam gmH$ma ~Z OmVo h¢. Bgr Vah AmZÝXH$s {d{^ÝZgå^mdZmAm|Ho$ à{V gMoV hmoZona AmZÝXm§e‘| ^r KZr^mdH$s à{H«$`mHo$ ÛmamAmH$ma CâZo bJVo h¡. KZr yV gmH$ma gÎmm `h gmam ja OJV² h¡ Am¡a KZr yVgmH$ma AmZÝX jamjamVrV nyU© nwéfmoÎm‘ lrH¥$îU h¢. MoVZm Omo BZ ja Ed‘²nwéfmoÎm‘Ho$ ê$nm|Ho$ à{V gMoV hmoVr h¡ dh "Aja~«ô‘' m "Ajanwéf' H$hbmVrh¡. h‘mar OrdMoVZm ^r Bg AjanwéfH$s Am§{eH$ A{^ì`pŠV hmoZoHo$ H$maU"nwéf' H$hbmVr h¡. MoVZm‘| KZr^md Zht hmoVm AVEd Aja~«ô‘ Am¡a CgH$sA§e yV OrdmË‘m {ZamH$ma ‘mZo OmVo h¢. h‘mam nmÄM^m¡{VH$ Xoh gV² h¡, Bg

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XohHo$ ^rVa h‘mar AmË‘MoVZm gpÀMV² h¡; Am¡a CgHo$ ^rVa {N>nm hþAmna‘mË‘m gpÀMXmZÝX AÝV`m©‘r h¡.

O‹S> hmo `m Ord g^rHo$ ^rVa `h AmZÝX {N>nm hþAm h¡ Am¡a g^rH$m{Z`‘Z ^rVago H$aVm h¡. ~mhago XoIZona bJVm h¡ {H$ Ob ~hVm h¡-hdmMbVr h¡-no‹S> CJVm h¡-AmJ ObVr h¡-’y$b pIbVo h¢ Am¡a {’$a pIa OmVo h¢.na ^rVago dh ObH$mo ~hmVm h¡-dh hdmH$mo MbmVm h¡-dh ’y$bm|H$mo pIbmVmh¡ Am¡a dhr pIamVm ^r h¡. dh AÝV`m©‘r h¡ AVEd dñVwE§ ~hmago XoIZonañd`gÄMm{bV àVrV hmoVr h¢. ñd § Ordm|H$s ^r g^r VahH$s kmZ Ed‘² {H«$`mepŠV`m|H$m {Z`ÝÌU dhr AÝV`m©‘r na‘mË‘m ^rVago H$aVm h¡. h‘| bJVm h¢{H$ h‘ `h OmZVo h¡-h‘ `h H$aVo h¢-h‘ gwIr hþE `m Xw:Ir hþE h¢. XaAgbdh h‘mao ^rVa kmZ BÀN>m à`ËZ H¥${V Am¡a gwI-Xw:IH$s AZw y{V n¡Xm H$aVmh¡. dhr AÝV`m©‘r Omo O‹S>-MoVZ g^rH$m ^rVago {Z`‘Z H$a ahm h¡. AVEd~mhago O‹S>‘| ñd`ÄMm{bVVmH$s «mpÝV hmo OmZm ñdm^m{dH$ ~mV h¡. h‘marMoVZm‘| ^r Vmo Bgr Vah kmZ-BÀN>m-à`ËZ-H¥${V-’$bmZw y{VH$s ñdVÝÌVmH$s«mpÝV n¡Xm hmoVr hr h¡. Š`m|{H$ ~mhago Mbm o Vmo MbZoH$s {H«$`m‘| namYrZVm

bJoJr. dh Vmo AÝXago h‘| Mbm ahm h¡. {’$a MbZo‘| h‘| AnZr ñdVÝÌVmH$mAZw d Š`m| Z hmo

‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © H$hVo h¢ ""BX§ VÎd§ Z ZmZm {H$ÝVw gd}fm‘² EH$‘odVÎd‘². VÌ gdª nÄMm§J‘². Vofm§ nÄMmZm§ (H$mb-H$‘©-ñd^md-àH¥${V-nwéfmUm§) `{X ^JdmZod VÎd§ VXm VËH$m`m©Um§ gwVam§ VXod VÎd§ ^d{V''`h VÎd ZmZm Zht h¡ {H$ÝVw ZmZm ê$nm|‘| `hr EH$ VÎd h¡. H$mb-H$‘©-ñd^md-àH¥${V-nwéfHo$ ZmZmËdH$mo `{X EH$ ^JdmZ²Ho$ hr nm§M ê$nm|‘| naIm Om gHo$ Vmo{’$a BZHo$ Omo H$m © hm|Jo, CÝh| ^r Cg na‘VÎdHo$ {d{^ÝZ ê$nm|H$s Vah nhMmZnmZm gab hmo Om oJm.

gV² Am¡a {MV² Ho$ BZ AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$nm|H$m {dH$mg ~«ô‘‘| {H$gr ~mhar‘m`m O¡go VÎdm|Ho$ X~md `m à^md de Zht hmoVm h¡. Zm‘-ê$nm|H$m `h {dbmg~«ô‘Ho$ {ZO ñd^mdHo$ AmÝV[aH$ X~mdgo hr hmoVm h¡. Am¡a ~«ô‘Ho$ Bg {ZO

ñd^mdH$mo hr "AmZÝX' H$hm OmVm h¡. Bg AmZÝX‘` ñd^mdH$mo H$^r AmË‘a{V,Vmo H$^r AmË‘H«$sS>m, H$^r AmË‘{‘WwZ, Vmo H$^r y‘mgwI, H$^r AmË‘H$m‘,Vmo H$^r AmßVH$m‘. Am¡a H$^r AZÝV Vmo H$^r ‘moX-à‘moX ^r H$hm OmVm h¡.Bg AmZÝXHo$ gmJa‘| hr Zm‘-ê$n, kmVm-ko , H$m ©-H$maU, a{V-{da{V,empÝV-lmpÝV, AmH$ma-{ZamH$ma Ho$ Ádma-^mQ>o AmVo ahVo h¢. Û¡Vm|H$s o bhaoCR>Vr h¢. Bgr AmZÝX-AÛ¡VHo$ gmJa‘|. AZoH${dY Û¡VH$s bham|‘| bhamVm hþAmAmZÝXHo$ AÛ¡VH$m gmJa h¡ na‘mË‘m. ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ {H$ `h AmZÝXH$mñd^md hr h¡ {H$ gmao {déÕ Y‘© `hm§ Aml` nmVo h¢. AVEd F$½doX‘| H$hm J`mh¡ ""gd} hmoVmamo `Ì EH$ZrS§> ^dpÝV''.

~«ô‘go g¥pîQ>H$s ~mV gwZH$a Hw$N> Xme©{ZH$ AYra hmo OmVo h¢. Amjon H$aZobJ OmVo h¢ {H$ `{X g¥pîQ> {Zîà`moOZ ~ZmB© JB© Vmo ~«ô‘H$mo ~w{Õ‘mZ Zht ‘mZmOm gH$Vm Am¡a `{X {H$gr à`moOZH$s ny{V©Ho$ {bE ~«ô‘Zo ~«ô‘m§S>H$s aMZm H$sVmo ~«ô‘H$mo AnyU© ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. `{X g¥pîQ>Ho$ ê$n‘| ~«ô‘ ñd`‘² n[aUV hþAmVmo {dH¥$V hmo Om oJm AÝ`Wm ~«ô‘Ho$ Abmdm g¥pîQ>Ho$ Xygao CnmXmZ H$maUH$sH$ënZm H$s Vmo ~«ô‘H$m AÛ¡V IpÊS>V hmo Om oJm.

‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ {H$ g¥pîQ>H$s CËn{ÎmHo$ {dMma‘| CgH$s gà`moOZVm `m{Zîà`moOZVm H$m {dMma Aàmg§{JH$ h¡. g¥pîQ> ~«ô‘H$s EH$ H«$s‹S>m h¡, brbm h¡.brbm Z Vmo {H$gr à`moOZHo$ AYrZ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a Z {Zîà`moOZ hr.O¡go VmXmËå`Ho$ gå~ÝY‘| (gwdU©Hw$ÊS>b=gwdU© `m 3=1+2) Z Vmo nyU©V`m oXhr ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¢ Am¡a Z A oX hr. `{X nyU© A oX ‘mZVo h¢ Vmo gå~ÝYIV‘ hmo Om oJm, Š`m|{H$ gå~ÝY {H$Ýht XmoHo$ ~rM hr hmoVm h¡. `{X nyU©V`m{^ÝZ ‘mZm Om o Vmo VmXmËå` H¡$gm? AV: VmXmËå` hmoZm CgHo$ M¡VÝ`‘ÊS>bH$sn[a{Y‘| n¡Xm hmoVr AZw y{V`m§ h¢. Ho$ÝÐ‘| Vmo àË oH$ MoVZmHo$ EH$ Aì`ŠVAmZÝX {N>nm hþAm ahVm hr h¡ (H$mo ô od AÝ`mV²? H$: àmÊ`mV²? `X² EfAmH$meo AmZÝXmo Z ñ`mV²).

O¡go Y«wd-àXoem|Ho$ g‘rn gmJa‘| {h‘mZr Ûrn O‘ OmVo h¢. gmJaH$s CnargVhna do gmJaHo$ {hñgo hmoZona ^r gmJago n¥WH²$ àVrV hmoVo h¢. ~’©$H$s naV‘|

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N>oX H$aHo$ XoIm Om o Vmo ZrMo gmJaH$m Ob {‘b gH$Vm h¡. Bgr Vah ì`mnH$Aja~«ô‘‘| O‹S> Am¡a OrdmË‘m {h‘mZr ÛrnH$s Vah àH$Q> hmo OmVo h¢. oAja~«ô‘Ho$ gmJa‘| Aja~«ô‘go àH$Q> hþE Aja~«ô‘Ho$ A§eê$n Aja~«ô‘mË‘H${h‘mZr Ûrn h¢. Agr‘ Aja~«ô‘Ho$ gmJa‘| O‘Vo Am¡a {nKbVo BZ Ag§»`~«ô‘mÊS>m|Ho$ {h‘mZr Ûrnm|H$mo Cggo Z Vmo {^ÝZ Am¡a Z A{^ÝZ hr ‘mZm OmgH$Vm h¡. BZHo$ O‘Zogo Z Vmo gmJa‘| H$moB© {dH¥${V AmVr h¡ Am¡a Z {nKbZogo{dZme hr. {h‘H$m ê$n Eogm Zht hmoVm {H$ Cgo O‘m hþAm Ob ‘mZZo‘| H$moB©A‹S>MZ Am o Am¡a Z {nKb OmZona Cgo eof gmJago n¥WH²$ hr {H$`m Om gH$Vmh¡. O‘ZoH$s à{H«$`m‘| Ob H$maU bJoJm Am¡a {h‘ H$m ©. {nKbZoH$s à{H«$`m‘|{h‘ H$maU bJoJm Am¡a Ob H$m © H$m¡Z {H$gH$m H$maU h¡? XmoZmo‘| nañnaVmXmËå` h¡-XmoZm| h¡- XmoZm| hr EH$-XygaoHo$ H$^r H$m © ~ZVo h¢ Am¡a H$^r H$maU^r. {’$a ^r XmoZmo Z Vmo gd©Wm {^ÝZ h¡ Z gd©Wm A{^ÝZ hr. VmXmËå` gå~ÝY{H$Ýht Xmo {^ÝZ dñVwAm|Ho$ ~rM hmoVm h¡ {H$ {H$gr AHo$br dñVwH$m dh ñdê$nh¡, Eogo A wŠV àíZ nyN> H$a VmXmËå`H$mo Rw>H$am`m Zht Om gH$Vm h¡. O¡goí`m‘dU©H$s ídoV AWdm AídoV ‘| h‘ nyU© ì`m»`m Xo Zht nmVo. Š`m|{H$ ídoVdh hmoVm Zht h¡ Am¡a AídoV Vmo hao-Zrbo Am{X AZoH$ a§J h¢ Omo ídoV Zht h¢.Bgr Vah brbmH$mo gà`moOZ H¥${V Zht ‘mZr Om gH$Vr Am¡a Z {Zîà`moOZH$hZogo hr brbmH$m nyU© ñdê$n öX²JV hmo nm oJm. noeoda pIbmS>r YZ H$‘mZoHo${b o IobVo h¡ {H$ÝVw em¡pI`m pIbmS>rH$m h‘ Cnhmg Zht H$a gH$Vo. h‘ Cggo`h Zht H$h gH$Vo {H$ `{X dh YZ H$‘mZoHo$ {b o Zht Vmo YZ ImoZoHo$ {b oIobVm h¡. g¥pîQ>H«$sS>mH$mo ^r ~«ô‘Ho$ em¡µH$H$s Vah hr g‘PZm Mm{h o. H«$sS>mAnZo Amn‘| à`moOZ hmoVr h¡. h‘ H«$sS>mH$m à`moOZ nyN> Zht gH$Vo h¢.

ñQ>rb²Ho$ ~V©Z ~Z OmZona ^r ñQ>rb² Vmo ñQ>rb² hr ahVm h¡. Bgr Vah O‹S>-Ord ê$n YmaU H$aZona ^r ~«ô‘ Vmo ~«ô‘ hr ahVm h¡, {dH¥$V Zht hmoVm. àíZCR> gH$Vm h¡ {H$ AI§S> M¡VÝ`ê$n ~«ô‘ O‹S> H¡$go ~Z gH$Vm h¡; Am¡a AI§S>AmZÝXê$n ~«ô‘ gwI-Xw:I-‘moh-J«ñV-Ord H¡$go ~Z gH$Vm h¡. ‘hmà wH$mH$hZm h¡ {H$ O‹S> nXmWm]H$m MoVZmhrZ hmoZm Ho$db ~mhar ê$n h¡. ^rVa àË oH$O‹S> nXmWm|©‘| ^r MoVZm {dÚ‘mZ h¡. Bgr Vah gMoVZ OrdH$m gwI-Xw:I-‘mohAm{Xgo J«ñV hmoZm ~mhar ê$n h¡. ^rVa Vmo dh ^r AmZÝXñdê$n hr h¡.

O~ {H$gr dñVw `m KQ>Zm H$m dmUrgo h‘ dU©Z H$aVo h¢ Vmo AY©Zmarída{ed-nmd©VrH$s Vah dmUr Am¡a AW© nañna AmqbJZ~Õ hmo OmVo h¢. H$^rdmUrgo dmUrHo$ ~mao‘| O~ h‘ Hw$N> A{^ì`ŠV H$aZm MmhVo h¡ Vmo ~‹S>r AQ>nQ>rpñWVr n¡Xm hmo OmVr h¡. {bI H$a ì`ŠV H$aZm hmo Vmo EH$ Cnm` h‘Zo ImoO{b`m h¡ (1)am‘mÙ‘| am‘H$s brbmH$m dU©Z h¡. (2)"am‘mÙ' am‘H$s brbmH$mdU©Z h¡.

(1)‘| "am‘mÙ' eãX J«ÝWdmMr h¡. (2)‘| "am‘mÙ' eãX am-‘m-`-UÜd{Z`m|Ho$ g‘yhgo ~ZZodmbo "am‘mÙ' eãXH$m ñd § ñddmMr ~Z OmVm h¡.{bIH$a ì`ŠV H$aZo‘| g‘ñ`m CÕaU {MôZgo hb hmo JB© {H$ eãX ñd §ñddmMr ~Z J`m. na H$^r dmUr ñd § ""AZ¥V§ d¡ dmJ² dX{V'' H$ho Vmo Š`mAW© g‘PZm Mm{h o? `h {dYmZ ñd § gË` h¡ `m AgË`? `{X Bgo gË` ‘mZmOm o Vmo {gÕ Zht hmoJm {H$ dmUr Omo Hw$N> H$hVr h¡ dh AZ¥V hr hmoVm h¡ Š`m|{H$ñd § `h dmUr gË`H$m {Zê$nU H$a ahr h¡. AV: `h {dYmZ JbV {gÕ hmoOmVm h¡ ’$bV: Bgo AgË`H$m {Zê$nU ‘mZm Om o Vmo {gÕ hmoJm {H$ dmUrgË`H$m {Zê$nU H$aVr h¡. Eogr pñWVr‘| `h nwZ: JbV {gÕ hmo Om oJm Š`m|{H$Bg‘| Vmo H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ dmUr AgË`H$m {Zê$nU H$aVr h¡

dmUrgo dmUrHo$ {Zê$nU‘| Eogr J‹S>~‹S>r n¡Xm hmo OmVr h¢. Cn{ZfX² H$hVmh¡ ""òZ BX§ gdª {dOmZm{V V§ Ho$Z {dOmZr`mX²? {dkmVma‘² Aao Ho$Z{dOmZr`mX²'' {Og dmUrgo g^r dñVwAm|H$m {Zê$nU H$aVo h¡ Cg dmUrH$m{H$g dmUrgo {Zê$nU {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡

Bgr Vah ñd § AmZÝXê$n na‘mË‘mH$m g¥pîQ> aMZoH$m à`moOZ Š`m Wm? `hnyN>Zm à`moOZHo$ à`moOZH$s {Okmgm h¡. Omo na‘mË‘mH$m AmZÝX g¥pîQ>Ho$ g‘ñV{H«$`m-H$bmnm|H$m à`moOZ h¡ Eogo na‘mË‘mH$m g¥pîQ> ~ZmZo‘| Š`m à`moOZ Wm?`h Š`m H$moB© àíZ h¡?

{Og AmZÝXmonbpãYHo$ à`moOZgo àmUr OrVm h¡ g§Kf© H$aVm h¡, OrVVm hmo

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`m hmaVm hmo na OrZm MmhVm h¡. `{X ‘aVm ^r h¡ Vmo Bgr AmZÝXH$mo AmoaA{YH$ CnbãY H$aZoHo$ {bE Cg AmZÝXZo `{X g¥pîQ> ~ZmB© Vmo h‘ H¡$go nyN>gH$Vo h¢ {H$ à`moOZ Š`m Wm? à`moOZH$m à`moOZ {H$g à`moOZgo nyN>m OmVmh¡?

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BpÝÐ`m{U gdm©{U. gdª ~«ô‘ Am¡n{ZfX‘². ‘m Ah§ ~«ô‘ {ZamHw$`mª‘m ‘m ~«ô‘ {ZamH$amoX². A{ZamH$aU§ ‘o AñVw. VX² A{ZamH$aU§ ‘oAñVw. VX² AmË‘{Z {ZaVo o Cn{ZfËgw Y‘m©… Vo ‘{` gÝVw ‘{` gÝVw.› empÝV… empÝV… empÝV…'' (Ho$Zmon.em§.nm.).

(CnH«$‘) ""AÝYH$ma Am¡a {damoYm^mg go J«ñV hmo OmZoH$s {Xem‘|

‘mZdr` VH©$ gËda VËna ahVm h¡... Š`m|{H$ {OZ YmaUmAm| `m{gÕmÝVm| H$m dh Cn`moJ H$aZm MmhVm h¡, do AZw^dm|H$s‘`m©XmAm|go AVrV hmoVo h¢. do h‘mao BpÝÐÒÝ` AZw dm|na Am{lV{ZarjU `m narjU Ho$ {df` ~Z Zht nmVo. `m| BZ AÝVhrZ{ddmXm|H$s `wÕ^y{‘H$mo hr "nam^m¡{VH$s' `m "VÎdemñÌ' H$hmOmVm h¡. EH$ g‘` Wm {H$ O~ nam^m¡{VH$s g^r {dkmZm|H$s‘hmamZr ‘mZr OmVr Wr... A~ Vmo g‘`Ho$ {Xem ~XbVo àdmhHo$de Bg ^Ð ‘{hbmHo$ à{V {VañH$maH$m A{VaoH$ ~‹T> J`m hmoZogodh hoHw$~mH$s Vah {dbmn H$aVr gr bJVr h¡ {H$ ""‘¢ AnZo èH$sJ[a‘mHo$ {eIana AZoH$ nwÌm|Ho$ ahVo ^r {Zdm©{gV ^Q>H$ ahr hÿ§''("ewÕ-Cnn{Îm‘r‘m§gm'Ho$ àW‘ g§ñH$aUHo$ CnmoX²KmV‘| B‘mZwEbH$mÝQ>)

mnmnmnmnmnpopopopopo

2 3

(AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZ Am¡a Ako dmXr VÎd‘r‘m§gm) O‘©ZrHo$ ‘hmZ² Xme©{ZH$ B‘mZwEb² H$mÝQ²>Zo ~mô` nXmW© `m dñVw H$mo Ako ;

O~{H$, `Wmd^mV dñVwH$mo h‘mao ^rVa dñVwHo$ Ad^mgZH$s Omo An[ahm ©H$maUgm‘J«r CnbãY ahVr h¢, CZH$s ‘`m©XmAm|Ho$ AZwgma hr Ad^m{gV hmoVrhmoZogo Eogo Ad^mgZH$m `mWmÏ © AeŠ` ‘mZ {b`m h¡.

`hm§ `h {dMmaUr` bJVm h¡ {H$ ~mô` nXmW© `m dñVw Ho$ ~mao‘| O¡grYmaUm h‘ K‹S>Vo h¢, ~mô` dñVwH$m gd©Wm VXZwê$n hmoZm AWdm h‘mar AZw y{V`m|H$mhr ~mô` dñVwAm|Ho$ gd©Wm AZwê$n hmoZm {ZpíMV hmo ^r gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Zht ^r.{’$a^r ~mô` nXmWm]Ho$ gmW ñd § h‘mao X¡ZpÝXZ ì`dhmam|Ho$ CXmhaUm|‘| AnZrA{^bmfm Anojm Amdí`H$Vm `m `moOZm Ho$ AZwê$n Š`m h‘ ~mô` dñVwAm|H$mAm{dîH$ma nwZ{Z©‘m©U n[adV©Z `m n[adY©Z H$a Zht nmVo Š`m dñVwV… VmoAmYw{ZH$ {dkmZH$s {d{dY emImAm|Zo Bg {Xem‘| {ZË`-ZyVZ d¡km{ZH$ AÝdofUAm¡a {ZË`-ZyVZ Am{dîH$mam| Ûmam ‘mZdr` MoVZmH$mo Z Ho$db M{H$V àË wVPH$Pmoa gm hr {X`m h¡. AV… h‘mar MoVZmHo$ AÝ`V‘ ì`mnma A{^bmfm AnojmAmdí`H$Vm `m `moOZm Ho$ AZwê$n `{X ~mô` nXmW© àH$Q> hmo nmVo hm| `m K‹S>oOm gH$Vo hm| Vmo, Cgr MoVZmHo$ AÝ`V‘ Am`m‘ê$n AZw y{V `m AdYmaUm ê$nrì`mnmam|H$mo ~mô` nXmWm©Zwê$n ñdrH$ma boZo‘| ^r, {H$gr VahH$s Amn{Îm VmoCR>Zr Zht Mm{h o. h AZw y{Vê$n m AdYmaUmê$n MoVZmì`mnma O¡go dñVwVÝÌhmo gH$Vm h¡ d¡go hr AZw y{VH$s OZH$ Omo H$aUgm‘J«r hmoVr h¢ CZHo$ AmYrZAm¡nm{YH$ ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡. h‘mar A{^bmfmHo$ AZwê$n ~mô` nXmWm]Ho$ T>bnmZoH$s Ho$db EH$ hH$sH$V hr, ñd § ~mô` nXmW© Am¡a AmÝV[aH$ AdYmaUmAm|Ho$ ~rM ‘mZr OmVr VWmH${WV EoH$mpÝVH$ AZZwê$nVmH$mo Aàm‘m{UH$ {gÕ H$aXoVr h¡.

H$m¡Z Zht OmZVm {H$ àmaå^‘| AZdJV naÝVw ~mX‘| Z Ho$db ^br^m§{VApÝdï>; àË wV, ‘|Xobod gÑe d¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam g^rHo$ BboŠQ´>m°Ýg² Ý yQ´>m°Ýg² Ed§àmoQ>m°Ýg² Ho$ {d{dY AmU{dH$ ^mam|H$s gmaUrÛmam gwì`dñWm{nV àH¥${V{gÕ 94VÎdm|Ho$ AmB©gmoQ>moßg²Ho$ Abmdm ^r g§à{V d¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam H¥${Ì‘ 14 `m 15AmB©gmoQ>moßg², ‘pñVîH$Ho$ ^rVa Ho$db àË``m|Ho$ ê$n‘| Zht àË wV àH¥${V{gÕ

AÝ`mÝ` VÎdm|H$s Vah hr ‘pñVîH$go ~mha {dÚ‘mZV`m ñdrH$mao J o h¢ AWdmàH$Q> {H$ o J o h¢.

‘mBH«$moñH$m°{nH²$ gyú‘V‘ g§aMZmdmbo EH$H$moer` OrdmUw amgm`{ZH$mUw^m¡{VH$mUw O¡go nXmWm]H$s Vah, gwXyaVa ~mô` AdH$me‘| AdpñWV Q>o{bñH$m°{nH$ñWybVa ~«ô‘mÊS> H¥$îU{dda Vmam CëH$m{nÊS> O¡go nXmWm]H$mo ^r; AWdm, h‘mao^rVa kmZmonH$aUV`m âr hþ r gm‘{J«Am|H$s g§aMZmAm|H$mo ^r nhbo H$^r h‘VXmonbãY kmZmonH$aUm|Ho$ ghmao Vmo H$W‘{n OmZ Zht nmVo Wo.

ZoÌnQ>b ^r Vmo, AnZr à{V{~å~J«m{hUr g§aMZmHo$ AmYrZ, Ñ{ï>JmoMahmoZodmbo ~mô` nXmWm]H$mo {Xemì`Ë`` Ûmam, AWm©V² Ñî`dñVwHo$ Cnar ^mJH$moZrMo Am¡a Xm | ^mJH$mo ~m | hr, J¥hrV H$aVm h¡. {’$a^r ‘pñVîH$ Cgo ~mô`Xoe‘| `WmdpñWV hr àX{e©V H$aVm h¡, Z{H$ An[ahm`© kmZmonH$aUmon{hVÑí`ê$nH$s Am^m{gV ar{VHo$ AZwgma.

d¡go AmO Vmo Eogo g^r ~mô` nXmWm]H$mo OmZ nmZoHo$ AZoH${dY d¡km{ZH$CnH$aU, Zm‘V…, EŠgao BÝ’«$maoS> Am¡a AëQ>mdm`moboQ> a¡g² gmoZmoJ«m’$s E‘.Ama.AmB©.‘mBH«$moñH$mon Q>obrñH$mon amS>ma Am{X ^r Am{dîH¥$V hmo MwH|$ h¢. BZ ZyVZAm{dîH¥$V CnH$aUm|Ho$ H$maU kmZmonH$aUH$s gm‘{J« m|H$s H$m ©àUmbr, CZHo$‘pñVîH$mÝVd©Vu Ho$ÝÐm| `m Zm{‹S>`m| H$s Vah CZ‘| à wŠV hmoZodmbo O¡dagm`Zm|,Am{XH$m ^r BX{‘ËW§ kmZ àmßV hmoZo bJm h¡. Z Ho$db BVZm A{nVw CZHo$^br^m§{V H$m ©j‘ Z hmo nmZona OoZo{Q>H$b nwZ{Z©‘m©U ^r {XZmZw{XZ eŠ` ~ZVmOm ahm h¡. Bggo AmJo ~‹T> H$a BZ O¡{dH$ kmZmonH$aUH$s gm‘{J« m|Ho$ AZwH$aUÛmam AO¡{dH$ {S>{OQ>b VH$ZrH$s O‹S>`ÝÌ-Am§I Vah H$m‘ H$aVo {S>{OQ>bHo$‘oam, H$mZH$s Vah H$m‘ H$aVo ‘mB©H$, ‘wIH$s Vah H$m‘ H$aZodmbo ñnrH$a,ZmH$H$s Vah JÝYJ«mhr CnH$aU, ‘pñVîH$Ho$ {dMmam|H$mo n‹T>-OmZ nmZodmboCnH$aU, MaU, hñV Am{X-^r Am{dîH¥$V hþdo h¢.

AV… ñd § Ako dmX, AWm©V² E½ZmopñQ>{gµO‘², hr AnZr AZoH$mZoH$ AH$mQ²>`

gmH$ma ~«÷dmX~«ô‘dmXr {MÝVZH$s g{hîUwVm

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Cnn{Îm`m|Ho$ gmW ‘hmamZr hoHw$~mH$s Vah {dbmn H$aVm gm A~ àVrV hmoZo bJmh¡

AVEd dñVwV… Vmo ~mô` nXmW©Ho$ A§emË‘Zm `m nyU©V`m Ako hmoZoH$sAdYmaUm ^r, XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM {H$gr Z {H$gr VahHo$ AmXmZ-àXmZmË‘H$AÝVì ©dhmaH$m g~b à‘mU ‘mZr OmZr Mm{h o; ~mô` nXmW©Ho$ Ako V`mg‘dYm[aV hmoZoHo$ H$maU hr. AVEd AmË`pÝVH$s AZZwê$nVm m BVaoVamg{hîUw{dg§dm{XVm wpŠVg§JV Zht bJVr h¡.

{ZîH$f©V`m H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ {dkmZV`m A{^‘V AZoH${dY {dÚmAm|H$s‘hmamZr nam^m¡{VH$sH$m, hoHw$~mH$s Vah AH$maU, {dbmn H$aVo ahZoH$m A~H$moB© Am¡{MË` eof Zht ah J`m h¡. {’$a^r nam^m¡{VH$sHo$ {b o ^r, AnZoàemñ` àXoem|H$s n[a{YAm| `m n[agr‘mAm| H$m àemgZm¡n{`H$ gÝXoha{hVAmH$bZ H$a boZm Amdí`H$ hr Zht A{nVw A{Zdm © hmo J`m h¡. AV… AZoH$nwÌm|Ho$ {dÚ‘mZ ahZona ^r, {Zdm©{gV hmoZoH$s AmË‘½bm{Z `m Hw$ÊR>m go AH$maUÌñV `m J«ñV hmoZoHo$ ~Om` {dH$g‘mZ AÚVZ {d{dY {dkmZm|Ho$ gyMZm|H$moXÎmH${dYmZH$s à{H«$`mÛmam AnZo nwÌV`m ‘mÝ` H$aZoH$m Am¡Xm`© Cgo àH$Q>H$aZm Mm{h o. V^r dh gd©{dY Ìmg Ed§ Hw$ÊR>m go ‘wpŠV nm gHo$Jr

(AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZHo$ gÝX ©‘| H$‘©‘r‘m§gm VWm ~«ô‘‘r‘m§gm H$m Û¡V) AnZo Xoe‘| ^r, O‘©ZXoer` B‘mZwEb² H$mÝQ²>H$s Vah hr, VÎd‘r‘m§gmHo$

joÌ‘| Ú{n Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXH$m naÝVw àm‘mÊ`‘r‘m§gmHo$ joÌ‘| Û¡VdmXH$m Adbå~ZH$aZoH$mo ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©Zo ^r-

""H$‘©, bm¡{H$H$ hm| `m d¡{XH$, CÝh| H$aZm hmo Vmo {H$`m OmgH$Vm h¡, Z H$aZm hmo Vmo Z ^r H$aZm eŠ` h¡; Am¡a Bgr Vah {H$grAÝ`Wm àH$mago H$aZm hmo dh r eŠ` h¡. m| VrZm| àH$maHo$ {dH$ëneŠ` hmoVo h¢... Eogo, {H$ÝVw, dñVwHo$ ~mao‘| hmoZo Z hmoZo `m AÝ`Wm^r hmoZoHo$ {dH$ën eŠ` Zht. {dH$ënZm Vmo, Š`m|{H$, nwéfH$s

~w{Õ AnojmHo$ AZwgma hr hmoVr h¡. {H$gr ^r dñVwHo$ `mWmËå`H$mkmZ O~{H$ nwéfH$s ~w{ÕH$s Anojm Zht aIVm. Vmo Cgo Š`m AnojmahVr h¡? dh Vmo Ho$db dñVwHo$ AmYrZ hr CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡... BgrVah nyd©{gÕ dñVwAm|Ho$ AZw dH$m ^r àm‘m{UH$ hmoZm dñVwAm|Ho$AmYrZ hr hmoVm h¡''1.

Eogo à{VnmXZm|‘| MoVZmerb nwéfHo$ {b o {ZOH$V©ì`H$m à‘m~moY {H$grH$‘©H$mo H$aZo, Z H$aZo AWdm AÝ`Wm H$aZo Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ g§H$ënHo$ AYrZV`m‘mÝ` {H$`m h¡. BgHo$ {dnarV ~mô` dñVwHo$ `mWmÏ ©Ho$ Ad~moY‘| ~w{ÕVÝÌVmHo$~Om` dñVwVÝÌVmH$m {gÕmÝV àñVwV {H$`m h¡. `m| à‘mU‘r‘m§gm‘| Û¡VdmXnwañH¥$V {H$`m {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡.

Bg gÝX ©‘| h AdYo h¡ {H$ dñVwV… Vmo MoVZmerb nwéf‘| r ñd^mdOÝ`,AWdm AmYw{ZH$ earaemñÌr` n[a^mfmHo$ AZwgma H$hZm hmo Vmo AmoQ>m°Zmo‘g²Zd©g² {gñQ>‘²Ho$ H$maU, CXmhaUV`m, ídmgmoÀN²>dmg, e`ZmdñWm‘| nmíd©n[adV©Z,nú‘nmVZ, OmJaU, amoXZ-hmñ`, Zm{S>Am|‘| aŠVm{^g§MaU BË`m{X AZoH${dY{H«$`m | ~m¡{ÕH$ g§H$ënHo$ {~Zm hr gOrdearaHo$ ñd^mdde ^r àH$Q> hmoVr{XIbm`r XoVr h¢. AV… earamoX² yV {H«$`m AWdm H$m`m] H$m ~m¡{ÕH$ g§H$ëngo{Z`VV`m OÝ` hmoZm hr {ddmXHo$ Koao‘| {Kam hmo V~ CZHo$ H$V©ì` AH$V©ì` `mAÝ`WmH$V©ì` hmoZoH$m à‘m~moY ^r g§H$ën‘ybH$ H¡$go ah nm oJm?.

Bgr Vah yH$ån ~m‹T> A§Y‹S> Am{X àmH¥${VH$ à^mdm|Ho$ de Ag§H$pënV,CXmhaUV`m, {JaZm ~hZm MbVo-MbVo AMmZH$ D$na C‹S> OmZm Am{X,{H«$`m | eara‘| àH$Q> hmoVr hr h¢. BZ {H«$`mAm|‘| J«ñV earar AnZo IpÊS>VAh§H$made CÝh| Ag§H$pënV {H«$`m ‘mZVm hmo Vmo ‘mZo naÝVw ""‘¢ {Ja ahm hÿ§-‘¢ ~h ahm hÿ§-‘¢ C‹S> ahm hÿ§'' Eogr AZw y{V`m|H$m eara‘| àH$Q> hmoZm Vmo BÝH$mamZht Om gH$Vm h¡. Bgr Vah earaH$mo à^m{dV H$aZodmbo erVmVndfm©OÝ` amoJAm{X hoVwAm|Ho$ à^mdde ^r, CXmhaUV`m, A§JH$ånZ d‘Z A{VaoMZ àbmnAm{X AZoH${dY {H«$`m {~Zm hr {H$gr g§H$ënHo$ hr h‘mao eara‘| àH$Q> hmoVr{XIbm`r Zht XoVr Š`m? Eogr pñW{V‘| BZ AZoH${dY {H«$`mAm|Ho$ ~mao‘| h‘| Z


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Vmo g§H$ënOÝ`Vm Am¡a Z H$V©ì`VmH$m hr ~moY hmoVm h¡. AV… yVdñVw Z hmoZona^r BZ {H«$`mAm|‘| ^r dñVwVÝÌ à‘m~moY ñdrH$maZm hr n‹S>Vm h¡.

Eogr pñW{V‘| g‘mZ eara‘| Hw$N> {H«$`m | g§H$pënV hmoVr h¢ Vmo ~hmoV gmar{H«$`m`| Ag§H$pënV ^r hmoVr h¢, Eogm AY©OaVr`Ý`m` ñdrH$ma boZm hrwpŠVg§JV bJVm h¡.

Z Ho$db BVZm àË wV àË`jmd^mgZ ^r, Hw$N> CXmhaUm|‘|, g§H$ënVÝÌhmoVm h¡ Vmo AÝ` Hw$N> CXmhmaUm|‘| dñVwVÝÌ r. Ag§H$pënV àË`jm|Ho$ CXmhaUV`mO¡go {dÚwËàH$meZ‘oKJO©Z Am{XH$s Mmjwf m lmdU àË`jmZw y{V dñVwVÝÌV`màH$Q> hmoVr h¢, d¡go hr BÀN>mOÝ` `m à`ËZOÝ` {H«$`m | ^r àH$Q> hmoVr hr h¢.Š`m|{H$ ‘wIHo$ Ag§H$pënV àË`jmd^mgZHo$ H$mb‘| ^r Ho$db Zm{gH$mXe©ZZ`ZJmobH$Xe©Z H$nmob{M~wH$ Am{X‘| AdpñWV {VbH$mbH$ Ho$ g§H$ënOÝ`Xe©Z `m EH$mJ« AZwXe©Z gwH$a hmoVo hr h¢. BZ CXmhaUm|‘| A{H«$`mê$n AWm©V²kmZê$n hmoZona ^r g§H$ënVÝÌVm gd©OZ{d{XV gÝXohmVrV VÏ` h¡. Bgr VahJrVldUH$mb‘| ^r fS²>Om{Xñdalw{VAm|H$m ^br^m§{V EH$mJ« AZwldU ^r,BÀN>m g§H$ën `m à`ËZ Ho$ de, hmoVm ^r nm`m OmVm h¡. ^y{‘ Am{Xnag‘wndoeZHo$ g‘` y{‘ Am{X‘| AdpñWV VrúU H$ÊQ>H$ Am{XH$s VrúUVmH$mñnme©Z AmH$bZ ^r BÀN>m `m à`ËZ Ho$ H$maU hr eŠ` hmo nmVm h¡.

AV… eara‘| àH$Q> hmoZdmbr g^r {H«$`m | Z Vmo H$V©ì`V`m A{^àoV hmoVrh¢ Z AH$V©ì`V`m hr; Am¡a, Z kmZ hr AnZo gd©{dY àH$mam|‘| gd©XmA{MH$s{f©V `m AH$V©ì` hmoZoHo$ H$maU dñVwVÝÌV`m hr àH$Q> hmoVm h¡.

AV… {H«$`m~moYH$s Ho$db g§H$ënVÝÌVm Am¡a ê$nm{X~moYH$s Ho$dbdñVwVÝÌVm Ho$ Û¡VHo$ ~mao‘| ^r Am¡Ëg{J©H$ `m Amndm{XH$ {df`ì`dñWmAno{jV h¡ hr. AV… Bg {df`‘| H$moB© gmYmaU {Z`‘ K‹S>m `m ñdrH$mam ZhtOm gH$Vm h¡. doXHo$ g§{hVm ~«mô‘U Ed§ Cn{ZfXm| ‘| r, AVEd, àOmn{V {dîUwAp½Z Am{X `kXodVmAm|H$mo VWm ~«ô‘H$mo {gÕ VWm gmÜ` C^`ê$n ñdrH$mam

J`m h¡ : H$.""Omo ^r H$moB© gVah àH$maHo$ àOmn{VH$mo `k‘| AZwJV

ñdrH$ma nmVm h¡''. I.""dh (àOmn{V) `k ~Z H$a `kH$m H$maU ñd`§ hr

~Zm'',""{dîUw `kê$n ^r h¡ Am¡a `kXodVm ^r''. J.""Zm‘ ê$n H$‘© d¡go Vmo VrZ hmoVo h¢... ~«ô‘ {H$ÝVw BZ g^r

Zm‘m|H$m... ê$nm|H$m... H$‘m]H$m âU H$aVm h¡. AV… o VrZ hmoZona^r AmË‘mHo$ ê$n‘| EH$ hmoVo h¢. Bgr Vah AmË‘m ^r EH$ hmoZona ^rVrZ hmoVr h¡...''2.

AV… {H«$`m Ed§ kmZ Ho$ ~rM nwañ’y${V©H$ ê$n‘| `Ú{n nañna "ApñV-^d{V', AWm©V² Being-Becoming ‹ , Ho$ O¡gm à oX `m VmaVå` àH$Q> hmoVmh¡. naÝVw ñd § "ApñV' (‹Being)hr Vmo H$mbàdmhH$s jUê$n Cnm{Y`m|‘| àH$Q>hmo OmVm h¡ BgHo$ Abmdm "^d{V' (Becoming‹) Am¡a Š`m h¡? {X AnZo KaH$spI‹S>H$s‘|go ~mha {XIbm`r XoVo Agr‘ AmH$meH$mo Ho$db pI‹S>H$sH$s gr‘m‘|{XIbm`r XoZoHo$ AnamYde {^ÝZ `m IpÊS>V Z ‘mZZm hmo Vmo. AVEd ‘h{f©`mñH$ {ZéŠV{ZKÝQw>‘| H$hVo h¢:

""{H«$`mnX‘| àYmZVm ^md (AWm©V² ApñWa {H«$`m hmoZo) H$shmoVr h¡. Zm‘nX‘|, O~{H$, àYmZVm pñWa gÎmmH$s hmoVr h¡...gÎmmdmZ² nXmWm]H$m {ZX}e "`h Jm` h¡', "`h Kmo‹S>m h¡', "`h nwéfh¡' "`h hmWr h¡' Eogm (A§Jwbr{ZX}enyd©H$) {H$`m OmVm h¡. BgHo${dnarV ^mdH$m {ZX}e "`h hmo ahm h¡' Bg VahHo$ eãXm|‘| "~¡R> ahmh¡'-"gm¡ ahm h¡'-"Om ahm h¡'-"I‹S>m hmo ahm h¡' Eogo {H$`m OmVmh¡... Bg ^mdHo$ N>h {dH$ma hmoVo h¢, Eogm dmî`m©`{U F${fH$mA{^àm` h¡ : "n¡Xm hmoVm h¡', "h¡', "{dn[aUV hmoVm h¡', "~‹T>Vmh¡', "KQ>Vm h¡' Am¡a "{dZï> hmo OmVm h¡'... BZHo$ A{V[aŠV Omo ^rH$moB© {dH$ma hmoVo h¢, CÝh| ^r BÝht {dH$mam|‘| AÝV y©V g‘P boZmMm{h o, Eogm dmî`m© {UZo H$hm h¡''3.


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AVEd ~«ô‘H$mo {ZË` {Z{d©H$ën ‘mZ boZm, Š`m|{H$ {dH$ën Vmo j{`îUwH$‘m]‘| hr eŠ` hmo gH$Vo h¢, `h YmaUm ‘yb‘| ^JdX²JrVmHo$ ""H$‘©‘|, `{X,Eogr ~«ô‘g‘m{Y {gÕ hmo Om o Vmo An©U ^r ~«ô‘ê$n hmo OmVm h¡, h{d ^r~«ô‘ê$n, Ap½Z ^r ~«ô‘ê$n, An©UH$Vm© ^r ~«ô‘ê$n Am¡a {Ogo An©U {H$`mOmVm h¡ dh ^r ~«ô‘ê$n h¡''4 dMZgo {dnarV àVrV hmoVr h¡. {H«$`monH$maH$H$Vm© H$‘© H$aU gåàXmZ Am¡a A{YH$aU ê$nr nm§M H$maH$m|go gånÝZ hmoVrj{`îUw {H«$`m ^r CgHo$ g^r H$maH$m|‘| ~«ô‘^mdÑ{ï> aI H$a AZw{ð>V hmo nmVrhmo Vmo dh j{`îUw hmoZoHo$ ~Om` Aj` ~«ô‘mpË‘H$m H$‘©g‘m{Y ~Z OmVr h¡,Eogm ^JdX²JrVm Vmo AmídmgZ àXmZ H$aVr hr h¡. AV… AH$maU hr H$‘©Ho$dmñVo A~«ô‘~w{ÕHo$ de Ag{hîUw ~aVmd Zht H$aZm Mm{h o.

({díbofUdmXHo$ gÝX^©‘| n[adV©Zerb Am¡a An[adV©Zerb VÎdm|H$mñdê$n)

AñVw. ‘pñVîH${dkmZH$s A^r VH$ {dH${gV emImZo nam^m¡{VH$s Ûmamàem{gV {OZ àXoem|H$mo nXmH«$mÝV ~Zm`m h¡, dh gOrd àm{UAm|‘| àH$Q> hmoVrñdm^m{dH$ m àm^m{dH$ {H«$`mAm| Ed§ g§doXZmAm| H$m joÌ h¡. Bg joÌ‘| {ZarjUVWm narjU àMwa hþdo h¢. emar[aH$ {H«$`m `m g§doXZm joÌm|Ho$ {d‘e©‘| ‘pñVîH$Ho$^rVa AdpñWV {d{^ÝZ Ho$ÝÐm|Ho$ ZŠem|Ho$ {Z‘m©U VWm CZHo$ AZwH$aU Ûmam d¡goO‹S> `m O¡{dH$ `ÝÌm|H$m ^r {Z‘m©U Ed§ à`moJ, nam^m¡{VH$s VÎdemñÌ Ûmamàem{gV àXoem|H$mo h{W`m boZoHo$ dmñVo, AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZH$m gd©Wm AÚVZnmXjon `h h¡. g’$b hmoZona AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZ nam^m¡{VH$s VÎdemñÌH$mgh`moJr hr ~ZoJm `m {damoYr hr, Bg ~mao‘| AmemdmXr `m {ZamemdmXr ~ZZmEH$ d¡Mm[aH$ Ym§Ybr ‘wPo A^r bJVr h¡.

H$bmZw y{V `m H$bm{dîH¥${V, Z¡{VH$ H$V©ì`~moY `m H$V©ì`mZwð>mZ AWdm{H$Ýht {df`m|‘| Ym{‘©H$ AmñWm `m VXZwê$n Y‘m©Zwð>mZ H$mo gånÝZ H$aZodmbo‘pñVîH$Ho$ ^rVa aho ~moYHo$ÝÐ `m AmXoeHo$ÝÐ dhm§ H$hm§na AdpñWV h¢, CZ‘|AnZo H$m ©H$mo gånÝZ H$aZo‘| {H$g àH$maHo$ d¡ÚwVamgm`{ZH$ n[adV©Z AmVo h¢,BZ gmar ~mVm|go Ow‹S>o narjUm|‘| nam^m¡{VH$s-àem{gV joÌm|H$m ~bmX² A{YJ«hU

H$a CÝh| {ZO A§Hw$e‘| bmZoH$mo AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZZo XwX©‘ namH«$‘ àH$Q> {H$`m h¡.na `h Vmo gOrd àmUrH$s MoVZmHo$ {dH$mgHo$ àm`… g^r gmonmZna A^r hr ZhtgXm-gd©Xm MbVr Am`r {MaÝVZ H$Wm h¡.

O‹S> nXmWm]H$s {d{dYVm‘| ^r Vmo H$moB© EH$ nXmW© H$^r Xygao nXmW©H$mAm{d^m©dH$, Vmo H$^r n[adY©H$, Vmo H$^r n[aemofH$ `m n[ahmaH$ H$~ Zht WmBÝht O‹S> nXmWm]Ho$ ~rM àH$Q> hmoZodmbo gOrd AMa ñne©doXr earam|H$m O‹S>nXmWm]na O¡gm dM©ñd àH$Q> hþdm d¡gm hr BZ gOrd AMa nXmWm]na ^r Vmo nwZ…gMa ñne©doXr earaYm[a`m|H$m dM©ñd `m A§Hw$e ahm hr h¡. CZ‘| ^r nwZ…{dÚ‘mZ ag-JÝY-Üd{Z-ê$nHo$ g§doXr gOrd earam|na BZ n§M{dY VÝ‘mÌmAm|Ho$Z Ho$db {dÚ‘mZg§doXr A{nVw ñ‘¥{VOÝ` g§ñH$made àË`{^kmgånÝZ gOrdàm{U`m|H$m ^r dM©ñd ahm hr h¡. {dH$mggmonmZna àH$Q> hmoZodmbo BZna ^r nwZ…BZ n§M{dY VÝ‘mÌmAm|H$s g‘wËn{Îm-g‘mn{Îm-g‘mpßVHo$ g§doXr earam|H$m dM©ñdahm hr h¡. `m| AnZogo D$nabo {dH$mggmonmZna àH$Q> hmoZodmbr ~w{Õgm‘Ï ©H$m{ZMbo gmonmZm|na àH$Q> hmoZodmbo ~w{Õgm‘Ï ©na dM©ñd gd©Xm hr B{Vhmg{gÕahm h¡. {’$a^r àH¥${VZo AnZo gÝVwbZerb ñd^mdHo$ de {H$grH$mo OrdZmYmahr~Zm H$a {dZï> Zht hmoZo {X`m.

AV… `h H$hZoH$m gmhg h‘ OwQ>m nmVo h¢ {H$ {ZMbo gmonmZm|na AdpñWV~mô` nXmWm]Ho$ Ag§H$pënV AZw^dm| AdYmaUmAm| VWm ì`dhm`©Vm nanam^m¡{VH$s{dXm|H$mo gVmZodmbr A{ZpíM{V AmO H$ï>àX ^r hmo V~ ^r ^{dî`‘|AZw dmVrV nXmWm]Ho$ {MÝVZjoÌ‘| {ZOdM©pñdVmHo$ dmñVo nam^m¡{VH$sHo$ {MÝVH$m|Ho${hV‘| àH¥${Vñd^mdmonmÎm gÝVwbZ àH$Q> hmo hr Om oJm Š`m|{H$ àm{U{dH$mgHo${d{dY gmonmZm|na ^r {ZMbo ñVaHo$ g§doXZerbVmdmbo gOrd àm{U`m|na CnaboñVaHo$ gOrd àm{U`m| dM©ñd nhbo ^r Xw…gh ahm hmoZona ^r gd©Wm Agô` `m{Z…eof {dKmVH$ Vmo H$^r hmo Zht nm`m, d¡go hr {ZMbo ñVaHo$ nXmWm]Ho$ ñdê$nAZw d Ed§ ì`mdhm[aH$ Cn`mo{JVm H$s ar{VH$mo AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZm|H$s {d{dYVmh{W`m ^r boJr, V~^r CZgo Cnabo AZw dmVrV nXmWm]na nam^m¡{VH$s-{MÝVZAdéÕ Zht hmo nm oJm. yVH$mb‘| r O¡go {ZMbo ñVaH$s {dÚ‘mZdoXr MoVZmH$moOhm§ A^md~moY hmoVm hmoJm, V~ dht g‘wËn{Îm-g‘mn{Îm-g‘mpßVH$s g§doXZmerbMoVZm mdJ«m{hUr ~Z OmZoHo$ H$maU AnZo ì`dhmaH$mo ì`mnH$ joÌm|‘| dM©pñdV`m


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H$m ©H$mar ~Zm nm`r Wr. {’$a^r ñdm^m{dH$ AZw y{VHo$ joÌ‘| Hw$N> Z Hw$N> VmoAmnmYmnr àm{U`m|Ho$ B{Vhmg‘| ^r gXm-gd©Xm àH$Q> hmoVr hr ahr h¡. àH¥${VH$sgd©nmbZmpË‘H$m epŠVHo$ H$maU Bgr VahH$m gÝVwbZ gXm-gd©Xm {Z^Vm ahmh¡

EH$ gÝX^m©ÝVa‘| Bg VahH$s AmnmYmnrH$s XméUH$Wm ^mJdVnwamU‘| BZCëboIZr` eãXm|‘| d{U©V hþ r h¡ :

H$.""{~Z hmWdmbo àmUr hmWdmbo àm{UAm|Ho$ ^ú` ~ZVo h¢,{~Zm nJHo$ Omo àmUr hmoVo h¢ do Mm¡nJo àm{UAm|Ho$ ^ú` ~Z OmVoh¢, jwÐH$m` àmUr ‘hmH$m` àm{U`m|Ho$ ú` ~ZVo h¢. àË oH$ OrdH$mOrdZ Bg Vah Xygao Ordna {Q>H$m hþdm h¡. d¡go Vmo BZ g^r ê$nm|‘|EH$‘mÌ ñd §àH$me ^JdmZ²... Omo AmË‘mAm|Ho$ ^r AmË‘m h¢, do^rVa ^r AZw yV hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ~mha ^r. AnZr ‘m`mepŠVHo$ H$maU~hþYm ^m{gV hmoVo h¢''.

I.""CZ na‘ ^JdmZ²Zo àË oH$ gJ©Ho$ ~mX AnZr epŠVÛmam`h àH$Q> {H$`m h¡... g‘wÐHo$ ^rVago ~mha {ZH$mbr n¥ÏdrH$mo O~Ðþ‘m|go Mmam| Amoa {Kar hþ r nm`r Vmo AZwgJ©Ho$ {Z‘m©UmW© {Z wŠVA{YH$mar H«w$Õ hmo J o... Am¡a dm w Am¡a Ap½Z H$m {Z‘m©U H$aHo$CZ d¥jm|H$mo Obm XoZo VËna hmo J o... CZHo$ Ûmam d¥jm|H$mo ObVmhþdm XoI H$a... CZHo$ H«$moYH$mo emÝV H$aVo hþdo ~mobo "BZ XrZ d¥jm|H$moObm XoZm Amdí`H$ Zht, Š`m|{H$ AmnH$mo Vmo àOmAm|Ho$ n{VHo$ê$n‘| àOmH$s d¥{ÕH$m H$m © gm|nm J`m h¡ Z{H$ d¥jm|H$mo Obm XoZoH$màOmn{VAm|Ho$ n{Vê$n {d w Aì`` JdmZ² h[aZo D$Om© àH$Q> H$aZoHo$hoVw dZñn{V`m|H$m Ed§ Amof{YAm|H$m {Z‘m©U {H$`m h¡, Š`m|{H$ AMaàmUr M[aîUw àm{U`m|Ho$ AÝZ ~Zmò Jò h¢. MaUa{hV àmUrnmXMm[a`m|Ho$ AÝZV`m {Z{‘©V hþdo h¢, hñVa{hV àmUr hñV wŠVm|Ho$AÝZV`m {Z{‘©V hþdo h¢, Xmo nJdmbo àmUr Mma nJdmbo àm{U`m|Ho$AÝZV`m {Z{‘©V hþdo h¢. AV… Amn Vmo nmna{hV hmoZoHo$ H$maUXodm{YXod Am¡a AnZo {nVmH$s AmkmHo$ AZwgma àOmAm|Ho$ gJ©Ho$

{b o {Z wŠV hþdo hmo gmo d¥jm|H$mo Obm XoZm AmnHo${b o H¡$go C{MVhmo gH$Vm h¡? AV… gÁOZm|Ho$ ‘mJ©H$mo AnZm H$a AnZo Bg YYH$VoH$monH$m Ë`mJ AmnH$mo H$a XoZm Mm{h o''5

AV… `h Vmo g¥pîQ>Ho$ {Z‘m©Ug§{dYmZ‘| gd©Ì CnbãY hmoZodmbm emídVgË` hr h¡ AVEd àMwa AÝZHo$ MVw{X©H²$ n`m©daU‘| hr AÝZmX àmUr Or{dV`m {dÚ‘mZ ah gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a AÝZmX àmUrHo$ ^rVa nhþ§M OmZoHo$ ~mX ^{jVAÝZ hr AÝZmXHo$ gmW ñdê$n^mdmnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡. AVEd ^ú` AÝZ Am¡a^jH$ AÝZmX Ho$ ~rM nañna AÛ¡VmZw^y{V‘| AmË‘{díd¡Š`^mdH$m CnXoeV¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²‘| {‘bVm h¡ :

""‘¢ ñd § AÝZ ^r hþ§... Am¡a AÝZ^jr ^r... ‘¢ Cg AÝZH$m^jU H$aVm hþ§ Omo AÝZ ‘oam ^jH$ h¡... `m| gmoMZona ‘¢ gmam wdZ~Z OmVm hþ§. Omo Bg Vah g‘P nmVm h¡ CgHo$ {b o gwàH$me Á`mo{VàH$Q> hmo OmVr h¡''6.

‘wPo Vmo Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZHo$ Ûmam nam^m¡{VH$sHo$ joÌH$moh‹S>no `m {ZJbo OmZona AÝZmX AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZHo$ ^rVa O~ nam^m¡{VH$ emñÌAÝZmË‘Zm nhþ§M OmòJm V~ ^ú` AÝZ Am¡a ^jH$ AÝZmX Ho$ ~rMVmXmËå`^mdmn{Îm {gÕ hmo Om oJr. ’$bê$noU nam^m¡{VH$s AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZH$moghO hr nam^m¡{VH$s^mdmnÝZ ~Zm H$a CgHo$ ñdê$nH$s KQ>H$ ~Z Om oJr AV…Eogo namH«$‘Ho$ g’$b hmoZona r {dkmZ CVZm hr {Z`ÝÌU h‘mar {MÝVZgm‘Ï ©naàH$Q> H$a nm oJm {OVZm {H$ Eogo {Z`ÝÌUm|Ûmam `Wm{^bmf ñd §H$mo ^br^m§{VH$m © gånÝZ H$aZo gj‘ ~Z nm o, Cggo A{YH$ Zht.

AV… AmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$ {MÝVZ `{X nam^m¡{VH$s{MÝVZna H$mon‘`r `mqhgmpË‘H$m Ñ{ï> aIVm h¡ Vmo dh Ñí`g¥{ï>H$m dmñV{dH$ {hV Zht H$a nm oJmdmñV{dH$ {díd{hV Vmo nam^m¡{VH$s{MÝVZH$s Vah Ðï¥>g¥{ï>na ^r AZwH$ånm‘`r`m ñZoh‘`r Ñ{ï>H$mo {Z^mZona hr eŠ` h¡. Bgr Vah nam^m¡{VH$s{MÝVZH$mo ^r


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AmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$ {MÝVZna H$mon‘`r qhgmpË‘H$m Ñ{ï> Zht aIZr Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ {XIZm/XoIZm, gwZmB©XoZm/gwZZm, {à`bJZm/ào‘-H$aZm,

A{à`bJZm/Cnojm-Ûof-H$aZm, `bJZm/S>aZm-MmhZm AWdm {dMma-AmZm/{dMma-H$aZm Am{X àH$ma oXm|Ho$ ~Zo ahVo {dMmaerb ‘mZdnewH$mo {dMmaa{hVZht ~Zm`m Om gHo$Jm.

AVEd {dkmZHo$ AÝdofU-à`moJ-Am{dîH$mam|Ûmam àmßV {ZîH$fm]na `h{MÝVZàYmZ àmUr AnZm {MÝVZ ~ÝX Vmo Zht H$a nm oJm. `h Vmo ñdm^m{dH$hr h¡ {H$ nhbo O¡go Ñï>-lwV Am{X CXmhaUm|Ho$ AmYmana CâVr {OkmgmHo$Cne‘ZmW© Cnn{Îm/AZwnn{Îm gmoMr OmVr Wr, dh A~ d¡km{ZH$ AÝdofU-à`moJmonmÎm CXmhaUm|H$m Adbå~Z H$a {dMmaUr` ~ZmZoH$mo ~m{YV hmoZm n‹S>oJm.àmaå^‘| Bg‘| nam^m¡{VH$s{MÝVH$m|H$mo AnZr hoR>r bJVr ^r hmo na AÝV‘| H$^rZ H$^r Vmo bJZr ~ÝX hmo hr Om oJr AV… ‘mZdr` ~w{Õê$n A{YH$aU‘|g‘mZm{YH$aUV`m àH$Q> hmoVo nam^m¡{VH$ {MÝVZ Am¡a d¡km{ZH$ {MÝVZ H$mo~«ô‘mon‘ AnZo gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`H$m {dMma H$a nañna Ag{hîUw Zht ~ZZmMm{hò.

AmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$ {MÝVH$m|Ûmam nam^m¡{VH${MÝVZH$s Cnojm Bgr Vahnam^m¡{VH${MÝVH$m|H$mo gVmVr AmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$ {MÝVZH$s ^r{VHo$ ‘yb‘|, Omog‘ñ`m h¡ dh Vmo {díbofUdmX `m g§íbofUdmX Ho$ gmW Ow‹S>r A{VaoH$VmdmXr‘Zmod¥{ÎmH$s hr h¡.

CXmhaUV`m ^mdnXmW©H$m ""1Ðì` 2JwU 3H$‘© 4gm‘mÝ` 5{deof 6g‘dm`''‘| {díbofU ñd § d¡eo{fH$m|Zo hr nwa…ñH¥$V {H$`m h¡. CZHo$ Bg AnamYde, `{X,~m¡Õ {MÝVZ ^mdnXmW©H$mo ñdrH$maZm Z MmhVm hmo Vmo, d¡eo{fH$ ^r H$h VmogH$Vo hr h¢ {H$ ""1Xw…I 2A{dÚm 3g§ñH$ma 4{dkmZ 5Zm‘ê$n 6fS>m`VZ 7ñne©8doXZm 9V¥îUm 10CnmXmZ 11^d 12Om{V'' Ho$ Xw…IMH«$H$m AnZo KQ>H$m|‘| {díbofUñd § ~m¡Õm|Zo hr àñVwV {H$`m h¡. AV… o ~mah KQ>H$ Vmo ñdrH$mao Om gH$Vo h¢na BZgo K{Q>V Xw…IMH«$ Zht, Z Vmo àVrË`g‘wËnmXH$s à{H«$`mHo$ Adbå~ZÛmamAm¡a Z ApñV-ZmpñV-C^`-AZw `mVrV eyÝ`VmH$s à{H«$`mHo$ Adbå~ZÛmam.

Am¡a V~ Vmo ""1gå`½Ñ{ï> 2gå`Šg§H$ën 3gå`½dmMm 4gå`ŠH$m‘mÝV 5gå`JmOrd6gå`½ì`m`m‘ 7gå`Šñ‘¥{V 8gå`Šg‘m{Y'' dmbo Aï>m§J‘mJ©H$m {díbofU ^rñd § gm¡JVm|Ûmam nwañH¥$V hmoZogo àkm-erb-g‘m{YH$s Xw…I{ZamoYJm{‘Zr Ì`r^r ñdrH$m © Z hmo nm oJr

~«ô‘mÊS>{dkmZH$s Ñ{ï>go gm¡a‘ÊS>bH$m ^r CgHo$ Zm{^Xoe‘| AdpñWV gy ©ê$nr Vmam Ed§ CgH$s n[aH«$‘m H$aZodmbo ~wY ewH«$ n¥Ïdr ‘§Jb Jwé e{Z Am{XJ«h{nÊS>m|‘| {díbofU eŠ` hmoZogo "gm¡a‘ÊS>b' nXH$mo dmÀ`mW©hrZ dmMH$ Zht‘mZm Om gH$Vm. gm¡a‘ÊS>bHo$, Š`m|{H$, ApñVËdH$mo BÝH$maZona n¥Ïdrna OÝ‘bo H$a Eogm {dYmZ H$aZodmbm ñd § hr A{gÕ hmo Om oJm

{H$gr ~mô` nXmW©Ho$ Mmjwf Ad^mgZH$s à{H«$`m‘|, Š`m|{H$, ~mô`nXmW©H$s ~mhar naV nago namd¥Îm àH$me ZoÌnQ>b‘| à{V{~på~V hmoVm h¡, dhm§àH$meHo$ J«hUmW© e§Hw$-ebmH$mAm|‘| àH$me{H$aUm|H$m n¥WŠH$aU hmoVm h¡,~mX‘| ZoÌJmobH$ Am¡a ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ ~rM Omo ZmS>rVÝÌ {~N>m hþdm h¡ CZ‘| ahZodmboZmS>rH$moem| (Nervecells or neurons) ‘| d¡ÚwVagm`{ZH$ Va§Jm|‘| ê$nmÝVaUà{V{H«$`mHo$ ê$n‘| àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. o Va§Jo ‘pñVîH$Ho$ ^rVa âo g§doXZerbZm‹S>rH$moe‘wHw$am| (Mirror neurons ‹) ‘| XO© hmoVo h¢. Bg Vah ZoÌnQ>bnaàH$menmVZH$s à{H«$`mgo ewé hmoZodmbr {H«$`mH$s d¡ÚwVagm`{ZH$ à{V{H«$`mH$sH$B© H${‹S>`m|Ho$ Abmdm Mmjwf Ad^mgZH$s MoVZmpË‘H$m gÎmmH$m AñdrH$ma ^r{H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡. Eogo {díbofUdmXH$s, naÝVw, A{Vao{H$VmHo$ de Vmo gånyU©‘mZdearaH$s dmñV{dH$VmH$mo r BÝhtHo$ O¡gr à{H«$`mAm|‘| {H$ o OmVo {díbofUm|Ho$AmYmana BÝH$mam Om gHo$Jm. earamÝVd©Vr H$m‘ `m ào‘ H$s BÀN>m ^r AÝV‘|Vmo Q>oñQ>moaoZ²H$s amgm`{ZH$ à{V{H«$`mHo$ Abmdm AÝ` Hw$N> Zht

AV… Eogo BZ g^r CXmhaUm|H$s gånw{ï> ‘mo~mB©b `m {S>{OQ>b Ho$‘oam Am{XCnH$aUm|‘| aho àH$me Üd{Z ñne© JÝY Am{XHo$ J«mhH$ g§dmhH$ g§J«mhH${S>{OQ²>g²H$s XwhmB© Xo H$a H$s OmVr h¡. EVmdVm ‘mZdr` eara‘| àH$Q> hmoVr BZg§doXZmAm|H$mo AmË‘KmVH$ {díbofUdm{XVmHo$ A{VaoH$‘| H¡$go BÝH$mam Om gH$Vmh¡? Š`m|{H$ BZ H¥${Ì‘ CnH$aUm|‘| ^r Eogr ~mô` VÝ‘mÌmAm|H$s J«mhH$Vm, CZHo$^rVa aho H$mofmon‘ H$moð>m| VH$ CZH$s g§dmhH$Vm Am¡a CZHo$ dhm§ {H$ o OmVo


14 15

g§J«hU H$s dmñV{dH$VmH$m {ZYm©aU ^r, nwZ… àH¥${V Ûmam {d{Z{‘©V gOrdH$mofm|Ûmam {H$ o OmVo J«hU g§dmhZ Ed§ g§J«hU Ho$ gmú`na Adbpå~V hþdo {~ZmeŠ` Zht.

‘|Xobod Ûmam gmaUr~Õ {H$ o J o g¥{ï>Ho$ ‘yb VÎdm|H$m ^r BboŠQ´>m°Ýg²Ý yQ´>m°Ýg² Am¡a àmoQ>m°Ýg² ‘| {díbofU {H$`m hr J`m h¡. Am¡a BZ na‘mUwÌ`rHo$ ^rnwZ… ŠdmŠg©² (quarks‹)Ho$ KQ>H$ ’°${‘©Zmog², Omo nwZ… ~o[aAm°Ýg² Am¡a ‘oµOmoÝg²KQ>H$V`m CËào{jV h¢, CZ‘| {díbofU àñVm{dV h¡. Vmo Eogo {díbofUdmXH$sA{VaoH$Vm âr ‘Zmod¥{ÎmÛmam AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZH$s {d{dY emImAm|Ûmam ‘mÝ`nXmWm]H$m ^r AÝ`Wm ì`m»`mZ H$hm§ AeŠ` h¡?

AV… BZ {XIbm`r gwZm`r XoVr VÝ‘mÌmAm|H$s CnbpãY`m|Ho$ Abmdmg§H$ënOÝ` XoIZo gwZZo gy§KZo Ny>Zo MIZo Am{XHo$ Ad~moYH$bmnH$s VahBÀN>mOÝ` MbZo nH$‹S>Zo Am{XHo$ {H«$`mH$bmnm|‘| H¥${Ì‘ AH¥${Ì‘ O‹S>{H«$`mVrVBÀN>m-A{ZÀN>m é{M-Aé{M CËàojm-{ZpíM{V CnbpãY-AZwnbpãY gÝVmof-AgÝVmof {dñ‘`-A{dñ‘` ^r{V-H«$moY a{V-Aa{V {dMma-Ü`mZ Am{XHo$‘Zmo mdm|H$s dmñV{dH$VmH$mo ^r BÝH$mam Zht Om gH$Vm h¡.

CXmhaUV`m ‘¢ AnZo H$‘ao‘| ~¡R>m hþdm, M‘©Mjwgo Vmo H$‘aoHo$ ~mha XoIZo‘|Aj‘ hÿ§. V~ ^r AnZo kmZMjwgo ‘¢ AnZo H$‘aoHo$ ^rVa ~¡R>m hþdm hr ‘w§~B©‘hmamîQ´> ^maV E{e`m n¥Ïdr ‘| ~¡R>o hmoZoH$s AZw y{V H$a gH$Vm hþ§, Z¡ m{`H$ BgokmZbjUmàË`mg{ÎmH$m C{MV CXmhaU ‘mZ| `m Z ‘mZ| `h H¥${Ì‘ d¡km{ZH$CnH$aUm|Ho$ ~bna Vmo eŠ` Zht. ‘mZ ^r b| {H$ Eogm ^r H$moB© CnH$aUAm{dîH¥$V hmo Om oJm. V~^r Cgo à`moJ‘| bmZo `m Z bmZo H$m {ZíM` Vmo ñd §‘¢ hr H$ê$§Jm. AV… Cggo A{YH$ Cnabo gmonmZna nwZ… nam^m¡{VH$sH$mo AnZo{MÝVZmË‘H$ àemgZ dM©ñd CnbãY ahoJm hr.

AVEd àË`jmd^mgZH$s CnbãY Xe©ZmonH$aUH$s gm‘{J«`m|Ho$ deAd^m{gV hmoVr {d{dYVmHo$ ^rVa Omo AmË‘¡Š`H$m AZwXe©Z H$a nmVm h¡, CgoemoH$-‘moh Zht hmoVm, Eogm Cn{ZfX² h‘| g‘PmZm MmhVo h¢ :

""`{X gmao yV-^m¡{VH$ nXmWm]H$mo EH$ AmË‘mHo$ ^rVa H$moB©OmZ nmVm hmo Vmo {’$a emoH$-‘moh Cgo gVmVo Zht7.

Bg Am¡n{ZfX YmaUm‘| H$B© {MÝVH$m|H$mo AmË‘H¡$dë`dmX (solipsism)

hmoZo H$s EoH$mpÝVH$ YmaUmH$m Xmof ñ’w$[aV hmo gH$Vm h¡. `hm§, naÝVw, Y¡ ©nyd©H$bú`‘| aIZo bm`H$ VÏ` hr h¡ {H$ Cn{ZfX² gd© yVm|Ho$ Û¡VH$mo {‘Ï`m m AgV²‘mZ H$a ~m{YV Zht H$aZm MmhVm; àË wV gd© yVm|Ho$ Û¡VXe©Z‘| AmË‘H¡$dë`Ho$AZwXe©ZH$s ~mV H$h ahm h¡. EH$ ^mfm‘| H$ho J o {H$gr VÏ`H$m Xygar ^mfm‘|AZwdmX H$aZogo ‘yb^mfm ~m{YV Zht naÝVw AZy{XV hmoVr h¡. {XIbm`r XoVo{ZpIb yVm|Ho$ Û¡VH$mo AmË‘mÛ¡V‘| XoI nmZoH$m CnXoe `hm§ A{^àoV h¡.

AV… Omo n[aU‘Zerb hmoVm h¡ dh h‘| {XIbm`r gwZm`r Am{X n‹S>Vm h¡.‘mZdr` kmZHo$ Bg àXoeH$mo AmYw{ZH$ d¡km{ZH$ {MÝVZ nam^m¡{VH$sH$s namYrZVmgoNw>‹S>m H$a dhm§ AnZm amÁ` `m àemgZ dh àñWm{nV H$a ahm hmo `m H$aZmMmhVm hmo Vmo nam^m¡{VH$sHo$ {MÝVZHo$ dmñVo H$moB© ‘hVr hm{Z hþ r hmo, EogmbJVm Zht. à{VjU n[aUm‘r Bg Aàemñ` àXoena gd©Xm n[adV©Zerbd¡km{ZH$ {MÝVZ ""`Wm amOm VWm àOm'' Ý`m`Ho$ AZwgma BVaoVamon‘ Am¡{MË`hr àH$Q> H$aVm h¡.

(~«ô‘dmX) BZ à{VjU n[aUm‘erb àmnpÄMH$ {df`m |H $ m `{X H$ m o B ©

A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZà`moOZembr A{dH$mar VÎd hmo Vmo dh Vmo {XIbm`r ZhtXoJm. Cgo Vmo XoIZm hr n‹S>oJm. AVEd nam^m¡{VH$s Xe©ZemñÌÛmam g§ñH¥$VZ`Zm|go hr Cgo XoIm Om gHo$Jm. AVEd F$½doX‘| H$hm J`m h¡ ""Omo Hw$N> h¡ `mOmo Hw$N> hmoZodmbm h¡ dh g^r Hw$N> `h nwéf hr Vmo h¡. dh Vmo Eogo A‘¥VH$mYZr h¡ {H$ Omo AÝZH$m ê$n YmaU H$aZona ^r {Vamo{hV Zht hmo nmVm h¡''8

AWm©V² AÝZmË‘Zm ^ú` ~ZZoHo$ H$maU M‘©Mjwgo Zï> hþdm gm bJZona ^rlm¡VkmZH$s Mjwgo {ZhmaZona Omo {Vamo{hV Zht bJVm hmo Eogm ~«ô‘ê$n nwéfA‘¥VËdH$m ñdm‘r nXmW© h¡ AVEd {dZmeerb nXmWm]H$mo Cg A{dZmerH$s‘{h‘mHo$ ê$n‘| {~aXmZoH$mo lw{V H$hVr h¡ ""BVZr Vmo CgH$s ‘{h‘m h¡ AÝ`Wm


dh nwéf Vmo Bggo H$ht A{YH$ h¡. Š`m|{H$ Cg Mma MaUdmbo nwéfHo$ EH$MaU‘| h gmam ‘Ë © {díd g‘m`m hþdm h¡ Am¡a VrZ A‘¥V MaU Vmo ÚwbmoH$‘|h¡''9.

`m| A§e Am¡a A§er nañna, Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$n‘| n[apÀN>ÝZ BÝñQ>°Ýg² Am¡aXoe-H$mb-ñdê$n oXmVrV ê$b, AWdm Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$n‘| n[apÀN>ÝZ ’o$ŠQ²>Am¡a Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$n oXmVrV Q®>W² H$s Vah ‘mZo OmZo Mm{h o. AVEd OmJ{VH$gmao Zm‘ ê$n Am¡a H$‘©, Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nHo$ à oXde, n[apÀN>ÝZ hmoVo h¢.O~{H$ ~«ô‘H$mo Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nHo$ n[aÀN>oXgo AVrV ‘mZm J`m h¡ : ""~«ô‘gË`ñdê$n h¡, kmZñdê$n h¡, ~ô‘ An[apÀN>ÝZñdê$n h¡'',""Ðì` H$‘©H$mb ñd^md `m Ord ^r dmgwXodgo {^ÝZ H$moB© VÎd Zht hmoVo''10.

AVEd ídoVmídVamon{ZfX²‘| ""Š`m-H¡$gm ~«ô‘ H$maU h¡? h‘ H¡$goOZ‘o h¢ Am¡a Or{dV ahVo h¢? h‘ H$hm§ gåà{V{ð>V h¢? h‘mao ^rVa H$m¡ZA{Y{ð>V h¡? {H$g H$maUHo$ de h‘| {OZ ~mVm|‘| gwI Zht {‘bVm CÝht~mVm|‘| h‘ OwV OmVo h¢? Bg ~mao‘| ~«ô‘{dXm|Zo Š`m-H¡$gr ì`dñWmg‘Pm`r h¡?''11. Bg Eogr {OkmgmHo$ g‘mYmZmW© gwñnï> eãXm|‘| ""H$mbñd^md {Z`{V `ÑÀN>m yV `mo{Z nwéf Bg VahHo$ H$maU gmoMo-{dMmaoOmVo h¢, Š`m BZHo$ nañna g§`moJ‘| AmË‘^mdde AmË‘mH$mo gwIXw…IhmoVm h¡? `m gwIXw…IHo$ ~mao‘| AZrída hmoZoHo$ H$maU AmË‘mH$mo ^rñdrH$maZm eŠ` Zht? CÝhm|Zo Ü`mZ`moJ‘| namÙ hmo H$a XoIm {H$ {OVZo^r H$maU hmo gH$Vo h¢ CZ g^r H$mb AmË‘m Am{X ê$nm|dmbo VÎdm|‘| dhrEH$ Xod AnZr AmË‘epŠV‘| {ZJyT> H$mbmË‘ wŠV hmoH$a A{Y{ð>V ahVmh¡''12 Bg dMZ‘| g¥{ï>H$maUV`m g‘P‘| AmZodmbo `m àñVwV hmoZodmbo g^rVÎdm|H$m AÝV`m©‘r A{Yð>mVm hr ~«ô‘ hr BZ g^r Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$VÎdm|H$m AZÝ` AmYma h¡ Eogm g‘Pm`m J`m h¡.

AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZH$mo h ~«ô‘ Z r g‘P‘| AmVm hmo Am¡a dh lw{Vg§H${bVH$maUVÎdm|‘| go AÝ`V‘ `m n¥WH²$ hr H$moB© H$maUVÎd ñdrH$maZm MmhVm hmo,V~ ^r lw{Và{VnmÚ ~«ô‘Ho$ hr Cgo H$moB© AZwn{Xï>-AM{M©V Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©Ho$

ê$n‘| ñdrH$ma boZo‘| ~«ô‘dmXrHo$ {b o K~amZo O¡gr H$moB© ~mV Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$lw{VHo$ ""dh Yra nwéf gmao ê$nm|H$mo YmaU H$a Am¡a VXZwgmar Zm‘m|H$mo ^rYmaU H$a AdpñWV h¡''13dMZ‘| gå^m{dV gH$b Zm‘-ê$nm|H$m {dYmaH$~«ô‘H$mo Vmo ‘mZm hr J`m h¡.

Eogr pñW{V‘| nydm}pëbpIV ""BVZr CgH$s ‘{h‘m h¡''14 dMZHo$ AmYmanaOmo Hw$N> {XI ahm h¡ dh CgH$m hr ‘mhmËå` h¡. AWm©V² Cg ‘hmZ² AmË‘mHo$‘hmZ² AmË‘m hmoZoH$m gmú` h¡. XoIZm h‘|, naÝVw, Cn{ZfXm|Ho$ AZwgma CgH$mVmXmËå` h¡.

Bg ~«ô‘Ho$ Eogo ‘mhmËå` Am¡a VmXmËå` H$m CnXoe lw{VdMZm|‘| ñd-na-gdm©Zw y{V`m|H$s AZoH${dY ‘wÐmAm|‘| {X`m J`m h¡ :

H$.""nhbo Vmo `h ~«ô‘ hr Wm. CgZo AnZo-AmnH$mo "‘¢ ~«ô‘hþ§' Eogo OmZm AV… g^r Hw$N> ~Z J`m. AVEd AmO ^r Omo BgVah AnZo-AmnH$mo ~«ô‘ OmZ nmVm h¡ dh g^r Hw$N> ~Z OmVmh¡''.

I.""`h g^r Hw$N> EVXmË‘H$ h¡. dh gË` h¡. AmË‘m Vmo dhrh¡ Am¡a Vw‘ ^r dhr hmo''.

J.""`h g^r Hw$N> ~«ô‘ h¡, AV… Cg ~«ô‘H$s CnmgZm g~Hw$N> Cg‘| n¡Xm-brZ hmoVm h¡, g^r Cgr‘| gm§g bo aho h¢, `m| em§Vhmo H$a Eogr CgH$s CnmgZm H$aZr Mm{h o''15.

BZ dMZm|Ho$ AZwgma "Ah§'H$maJmoMa "Ëd§'H$maJmoMa "BX§'H$maJmoMa"gd©'H$maJmoMa `m| {XIbm`r XoVo g^r nXmWm]Ho$ ~mao‘| nhbo CÝh| EH$‘odA{ÛVr` ~«ô‘Ho$ ‘mhmËå`Ho$ ê$n‘| XoIZoH$s Am¡n{ZfXr Ñ{ï> nZnZr Mm{h o.AÝV‘| BÝh| CÔoí` ~Zm H$a BZHo$ ~«ô‘ hmoZoHo$ {dYmZ Ûmam BZH$m Am¡a ~«ô‘H$mVmXmËå` g‘Pm`m J`m h¡.

AVEd ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © ‘mhmËå`~moYnyd©H$ àH$Q> hmoVr VmXmËåà{VH$mo


16 17

18 19

^pŠVHo$ ê$n‘| n[a^m{fV Am¡a CX²~mo{YV H$aZm MmhVo h¢. OJV²H$mo ~«ô‘Ho$ A§e`m H$m © Ho$ ê$n‘| OmZZm ~«ô‘Ho$ ‘mhmËå`H$mo OmZ boZoH$s ~mV h¡ naÝVw OJV²Ho$gmW ~«ô‘H$m VmXmËå` g‘P AmZona ~«ô‘Ho$ ~mao‘| AZÝ`mË‘mgpŠV nZnVr h¡.VXW© AnZm m{Z{H$ gH$b OJV²H$m ~«ô‘Ho$ gmW VmXmËå` OmZZm r Amdí`H$hmoVm h¡ (Ðï>.gw~mo.2&9&35 VWm V.Xr.{Z.1&42).

Xygao eãXm|‘| H$hZm hmo Vmo {XIbm`r XoVo OJV²H$mo ~«ô‘Ho$ ‘mhmËå`Ho$ ê$n‘|XoI nmZona hr A§e Am¡a A§er Ho$ ~rM ahm VmXmËå` ~w{ÕJV `m öX`mê$‹T> hmonmVm h¡.

(~«ô‘H$m doXmÝVà{Vnm{XV ñdê$n) AVEd doXmÝVHo$ {d{^ÝZ àñWmZm|‘|, ~«ô‘Ho$ gmW OJV²H$m AÛ¡V h¡ `m

Û¡V, Bg {df`H$mo boH$a n`m©ßV nañna Ag{hîUw {dMma oX àd{V©V hþdo h¢.~«ô‘dmXr Ñ{ï>H$moUgo Cg {ddmX `m {d‘{V H$m ‘yb ~«ô‘Ho$ ‘mhmËå` `m A oXHo$ ~mao‘| A{VaoH$VmdmXr Ñ{ï>H$moU hr h¡. AV… ‘mhmËå` Am¡a VmXmËå` XmoZm|H$moA§JrH$ma H$aZona AWm©V² VmXmËå`g{hîUw ‘mhmËå` Am¡a ‘mhmËå`g{hîUw VmXmËå``{X ñdrH$m © ~Z nm o Vmo B©emdmñ`mon{ZfX²‘| Bgo H¡$go à{Vnm{XV {H$`m J`m,Cgo ^r XoI boZm àmg§{JH$ hmoJm :

""Omo A{dÚmHo$ CnmgH$ hmoVo h¢ do Vmo AÝY§V‘ ZaH$‘| àdoeH$aZodmbo h¢. naÝVw Omo {dÚm‘| hr aV ah OmVo h¢ do Vmo Cggo ^rA{YH$ A§Yoao‘| àdoe H$aZodmbo hmoVo h¢. AV… Omo Cgo {dÚmH$s VahA{dÚmHo$ ^r gmW OmZ nmVo h¢, do A{dÚmHo$ H$maU ‘¥Ë wH$mo nmaH$aHo$ {dÚmÛmam ‘moj àmßV H$a nmVo h¢''16.

`hm§ gwñnï> eãXm|‘| A{dÚm Am¡a {dÚm H$mo nañna Ag{hîUwV`m CnñWm{nVH$aZoHo$ ~Om` C^`nyaH$V`m àñVwV {H$`m J`m h¡. ~«ô‘~moYa{hV Ah§H$maAWdm AmË‘a{V A{dÚm h¡. Am¡a `h MoVZmH$mo AÝY§V‘Jm{‘Zr ~Zm XoVr h¡.VmXmËå`~moYa{hV ~«ô‘H$m ‘mhmËå`~moY {dÚm Vmo Adí` h¡ naÝVw Cgo AÝY§V‘go

^r A{YH$ XwJ©{V àXmZ H$aZodmbm ‘mZm J`m h¡. AV… AnZo Am{dÚH$Ah§H$ma‘| PbH$Zodmbr AmË‘a{VHo$ Ûmam Omo ~«mpô‘H$ VmXmËå`H$m AZw d H$anmVm hmo AWdm ~«mpô‘H$ ‘mhmËå`H$m ñdrH$ma Omo AnZo Am{dÚH$ Ah§H$maHo$gmW ñdrH$ma nmVm h¡, dhr Am{dÚH$ Ah§H$maHo$ ghmao ñd §H$s ‘Ë ©Vm hmoZoH$s^r{Vgo ‘wŠV hmo H$a ~«mpô‘H$ VmXmËå`Ho$ ~moYde ~«mpô‘H$ a‘UHo$ {hñgmhmoZoH$s AmídñVVmHo$ de A‘¥VËdH$mo àmßV H$a nmVm h¡.

yamonr` {MÝVH$ nmñH$bH$m EH$ {dYmZ h¡ {H$ `h {demb {Zðw>a ~«ô‘mÊS>`{X ‘mZdH$mo H$^r {Z…eofV`m {dZï> ^r H$a XoJm Vmo ^r ‘hmZ² Vmo ‘mZdH$mohr ‘mZZm Mm{h o, Š`m|{H$ ‘mZd `h OmZ nmVm h¡ {H$ Cgo {Z…eof {H$`m Om ahmh¡ O~{H$ ~«ô‘mÊS> `h OmZ Zht nm oJm {H$ Cg‘| àH$Q> hmoZodmbr {H$VZr‘hÎdnyU© g§aMZm CgZo IV‘ H$a Xr Bg VahH$s {dMmaYmam‘| ‘mZdr` Ah§H$maH$m~«ô‘mÊS>Ho$ BX§H$mago VmXmËå` AZw d H$aZoHo$ ~Om` Ho$db ‘mhmËå` hr ñdrH$mamOm ahm h¡, dh ^r dh ^r ~«ô‘mÊS>Ho$ Ûmam ‘mZdHo$ Zï> hmoZoH$s g§ mdZm Am¡a^r{V Ho$ gmW

~«ô‘dmX, naÝVw, ‘mZdr` ~w{Õ ì`dhma Am¡a öX` ‘| Eogr AdYmaUmàñWm{nV H$aZm MmhVm h¡ {H$ ~«ô‘H$mo AnZm A§er-CnmXmZ ‘mZZona ñd §Ho$ZmeHo$ Ìmg Ed§ Hw$ÊR>m go ‘wpŠV {‘b gH$Vr h¡. Š`m|{H$ EH$‘od A{ÛVr` ~«ô‘Ho$ ‘mhmËå`H$mo ^br^m§{V OmZ boZona dhr j{UH$ j{`îUw {H«$`mê$n‘| ^r àH$Q>hþdm h¡ Am¡a dhr Aj` gZmVZ MoVZmHo$ ê$n‘| CgH$m gmjr ^r ~ZVm h¡. Am¡aEogm VÏ` AdJV hmoZona ^ú` AÝZH$s ZídaVm Am¡a CgHo$ H$maU Á`moVrê$n^jH$ AÝZmXH$s AÝZ‘`VmHo$ H$maU àH$Q> hmoVr AÝYH$mamon‘m ‘¥Ë w r{V Am¡aHw$ÊR>m na H$m~y {‘b gH$Vm h¡.

‘h{f© `mñH$Zo """AÝY' Zm‘ AÝZH$m h¡... V‘g²H$mo ^r "AÝY' H$hmOmVm h¡, Š`m|{H$ Cg‘| Z Ü`mZ eŠ` hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z Xe©Z hr''17 `m| AÝZAm¡a AÝYH$ma XmoZm|‘| "AÝY'nXH$s epŠV ñdrH$mar h¡. Bgr Vah ""‘¥Ë w VmoAgV² h¡-A‘¥V gX² hmoVm h¡'', ""‘¥Ë w {ZíM` hr V‘moê$n hmoVr h¡-A‘¥VVmo Á`moVrê$n hmoVm h¡'', ""àYmZ ja hmoVm h¡-Aja A‘¥Vê$n hmoVm h¡''18


20 21

BZ dMZm|‘| "‘¥Ë w'-"A‘¥V', "V‘mo-Á`mo{V', "AgV²'-"gV²' Am{X nX wJbm|‘|BVaoVamW©ì`mdV©H$Vm àVrV Vmo Adí` hr hmoVr h¡. Am¡n{ZfX² ~«ô‘Ho$ ^rVa,naÝVw, ò hr nXmW© AnZm BVaoVag{hîUw ñdê$n ^r XagmVo hr h¢. `Wm~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² Ed§ ^JdX²JrVm‘| gwñnï> eãXm|‘| H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ ""~«ô‘Ho$Xmo ê$n hmoVo h¢ : dh ‘Ë ©ê$n ^r hmoVm h¡ Am¡a A‘¥Vê$n ^r, àH$Q> gV² ^rhmoVm h¡ Am¡a AàH$Q> Ë`V² ^r'', ""A‘¥V ^r Am¡a ‘¥Ë w ^r gX² Am¡a AgV²^r ‘¢ hr hþ§'',""gd©hmar ‘¥Ë w ^r ‘¢ hþ§ Am¡a hmoZodmbm|H$m CX² d ^r''19.

AV… EH$ Amoa Eogo dMZ Am¡a Xygar Amoa ""Omo Eogo g‘PVm h¡ {H$~«ô‘H$m H$ht ^r ApñVËd hr Zht dh Vmo ñd § hr AgV² hmo OmVm h¡''20

dMZm|H$mo EH$ gmW n‹T>Zona Hw$N> Ag§‘OgVm ^r ^m{gV hmo gH$Vr h¡. ñd`‘²Bgr Cn{ZfX²‘|, {H$ÝVw, EH$ {ZVmÝV ‘ZZr` g‘mYmZ ^r àñVwV hþdm h¡ :

""CgZo H$m‘Zm H$s {H$ dh ~hþV ~Z H$a àH$Q> hmo Om`...CgZo Vn {H$`m Am¡a Vn Ûmam CgZo `h g^r Hw$N> àH$Q> {H$`m...gV² Am¡a AgV²... {dkmZ Am¡a A{dkmZ, gË` Am¡a AZ¥V ^r''21.

AV… H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ~«ô‘ ñdê$nV… AgV² hmo Zht gH$Vm naÝVwEVmdVm brb`m dh AgV² ~Z Z nmVm hmo BVZm Ag‘W© ‘mZZoH$s ^r H$moB©Amdí`H$Vm Zht h¡ `hr ~mV ‘¥Ë w V‘ AÝYH$ma `m A{dÚm Ho$ ~mao‘| ^r H$hrOm gH$Vr h¡. àíZ `h CR>m`m Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ gX¡H$ag ~«ô‘ AgV² H¡$go ~ZnmòJm?

Bg ~mao‘| ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © Hw$N> Bg VahH$s à{H«$`m XagmVo h¢ {H$gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘ AnZo AmZÝXm§eHo$ {VamoYmZ Ûmam O¡go brb`m Ak OrdmË‘m~Z gH$Vm h¡, AWdm O¡go AnZo {MX§eHo$ {VamoYmZÛmam O‹S> àH¥${V Am¡a CgH$m{dH$maê$n nm§M^m¡{VH$ àn§M ^r ~Z gH$Vm h¡, d¡go hr gX§eHo$ ^r {VamoYmZÛmam,AWm©V² ñdê$nmZwnmVr Zht {H$ÝVw ñdgm‘Ï`m©ZwnmVr Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘© dh àH$Q> H$agH$Vm h¡. Eogo Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘© gXwnmXmZH$ Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU "AgV²' H$hbmVo h¢.

Bgr Vah V‘g² `m AÝYH$ma `m A{dkmZ `m A{dÚm ^r, AnZo {MX§e `mAmZÝXm§e Ho$ {VamoYmZ Ûmam, gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘ àH$Q> H$a gH$Vm h¡. Bgr Vah‘¥Ë w Vmo àmUepŠV Am¡a AÝZ‘` eara Ho$ nañna {d`moOZHo$ Abmdm Am¡a Hw$N>Zht. dh ^r ~«ô‘ AnZo Ûmam n[aJ¥hrV earaê$nm|‘| àH$Q> H$aZo gd©g‘W© h¡ hr.

({d{dY ‘Vm|H$mo nañnamg{hîUw ~ZmZodmbo H${Vn` {ddmXJ«ñV ‘wÔo) {ZîH$f©V`m {d{^ÝZ ‘VdmXm|H$mo {ZaÝVa CbPm o aIZodmbo H${Vn` à‘wI

nañna {damoYm^mgr ‘wÔm|na, CXmhaUV`m, 1{dÚm A{dÚmg{hîUw hmo gH$Vr h¡ `mZht? 2H$mbmVrV {ZË`Vm H$m{bH$-A{ZË`Vmg{hîUw hmo gH$Vr h¡ `m Zht?AWm©V² AZm{XVm OÝ‘g{hîUw hmo gH$Vr h¡ `m Zht? 3A‘¥VVm ‘¥Ë wg{hîUw hmogH$Vr h¡ `m Zht? 4EH$‘od A{ÛVr` na‘VÎd AZoH$Vmg{hîUw hmo gH$Vm h¡ `mZht? 5~«ô‘mÛ¡VdmX nma‘m{W©H$-AZoH$XoddmXg{hîUw hmo gH$Vm h¡ `m Zht?6na‘mË‘mHo$ à{V ^pŠV^md hmoZona ‘wpŠV `m ‘wŠVmË‘m g§gmag{hîUw hmo gH$Voh¢ `m Zht? 7AdmÀ` Ako hmoZoHo$ H$maU gd©dmXmZdga ~«ô‘ ZmZmdmXmZwamo{Yhmo gH$Vm h¡ `m Zht? (Ð.{Z~ÝYHo$ AÝV‘| g§H${bV ‘ybdMZ) BË`m{X, EogoBZ {ddmXmñnX ‘wÔm|Ho$ ~mao‘| Xmo {damoYm^mgr VÏ`m|‘| EH$ ~«mpô‘H$ {ZpIbê$nVmHo$A§JrH$maÛmam g{hîUwVmH$m VmpÎdH$ AmYma ~«ô‘dmX àñVwV H$aZm MmhVm h¡.

d¡go ~«ô‘dmXH$s hr Vah eyÝ`dmX Am¡a CgH$m EH$Xoer AOm{VdmX VWmñ`mX²dmX Ho$ njYa {MÝVH$m|Zo ^r Bg {Xem‘| n`m©ßV d¡Mm[aH$ nwéfmW© àH$Q>{H$`m h¡.

h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ VmAmodmXH$s Vah eyÝ`dmX ^r, AnZr {Û{dY{d^mfmHo$ AÝVJ©V ‘ybV…, H$dmXeyÝ` hmoZoH$s {gÕmdñWmH$s MoVZm‘| Vmo g{hîUwVmXagm gH$Vm h¡. gmYH$mdñWm‘|, {H$ÝVw, àË oH$ dmXH$m n[ahma hr CgHo$ ÛmamA{^àoV hmoZogo Ag{hîUwVm ^r àH$Q> H$aVm hr h¡. Ina‘mW© gV²H$mogXgXw `mZw `H$mo{Q>`m|go {dbjUV`m ‘mÝ` aIZoH$s {ÛVr` ar{VHo$ AÝVJ©V`m Vmo eyÝ`dmXrH$mo d¡VpÊS>H$ ‘wÐm YmaU H$a Kmoa Ag{hîUwVm àH$Q> H$aZrn‹S>Vr h¡ `m {’$a MVwîH$mo{Q>{d{Z‘w©ŠV na‘mW©Ho$ XaÁOogo {ZMbo g§d¥{VgË`Ho$à{VnmXH$ hmoZoHo$ XaÁOona AÝ`‘Vm|H$s nXmdZ{V H$aHo$ AnZr `V²-{H$pÄMV²


22 23

g{hîUwVm XagmZr n‹S>Vr h¡. `h {ZMbm XaÁOm naÝVw eyÝ`dm{XAm|H$s Vah CgoZ ‘mZZodmbo ‘Vm|H$mo ‘mÝ` hmoZm H${R>Z hr bJVm h¡. lrJm¡‹S>nmXH$m AOm{VdmXVmo Hw$N> eyÝ`dmXH$m hr gJmoÌr EH$Xo{e‘V h¡.

Ohm§ VH$ ñ`mX²dmX àíZ h¡ Vmo CgH$s ^r Xmo {d^mfm | {XIbm`r XoVr h¢: 1.AZoH$mÝVdmX Am¡a 2.gßV §{JdmX.

gßV §JrHo$ AÝVJ©V ‘m¡{bH$ ê$n‘| VrZ H$mo{Q>`m§ ‘mÝ` aIr J`r h¢ ""1gV²hr h¡, 2gV² h¡, 3gV² ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡, `m| VrZ Vahgo AW©H$m ^mZ hmoVm h¡.àW‘ àH$maH$mo 1XwZu{V OmZZm Mm{h o, Xygao àH$maH$mo 2Z` VWm VrgaoàH$maH$mo 3à‘mU''22 Bg dMZHo$ AmYmana Eogm àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ AÝ`dm{X`m|Ho$‘Vm|Ho$ à{V g{hîUwVmHo$ ~mao‘| ^r O¡Z {MÝVH$m|H$mo ñ`mX²dmXr `m AZoH$mÝVdmXr‘wÐm hr A{^àoV h¡. dhr ‘V, Š`m|{H$, gmdYmaU H$hm OmVm hmo XwZu{V ~ZOmVm h¡ Am¡a dhr nwZ… A{ZíM`ÚmoVH$ AdYmaUa{hV ñdrH$mao OmZona Z` Am¡añ`mX²dmX `m AZoH$mÝVdmX Ho$ A§JV`m ñdrH$mao OmZona à‘mUV`m ^r ‘mÝ` hmonmVm h¡. AV… XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Eogm A{^àm` ñdrH$ma H$aZona `m Vmo O¡Z‘Vàdoe A{Zdm © hmo OmVm h¡ AÝ`Wm O¡Z{MÝVZ g{hîUwVm àH$Q> Zht H$anmVm. d¡go `h ghO g§ d h¡ {H$ AnZo àmapå^H$ {MÝVZHo$ H$mb‘| Amh©Vm|H$m‘V gßV §{JdmXr Z hmo H$a Ho$db AZoH$mÝVdmXH$m hr CnmoX²~bH$ ahm hmoJm.dh Vmo {ZíM` hr g{hîUwVmH$m C{MV ê$n‘| g‘mXa hmoJm, na‘mW© gË`H$moAm{J«hbV`m AZoH$mÝV hr ‘mZZona ^ma Z {X`m Om o Vmo.

BZH$s VwbZm‘| EH$Ëd Am¡a AZoH$Ëd Ho$ ~mao‘| gßV{dY ^§{J‘mAm|Ho$AÝVJ©V V¥Vr` AWm©V² C^`H$mo{Q> VWm Eogo EH$Ëd-AZoH$Ëd{d{eï> Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ ~mao‘| gßV{dY ^§{J‘mAm|‘|go {H$gr ^r EH$ ^§{J‘m‘| AÝV^y©V ZhmoZodmbo VmXmËå`H$mo ñdrH$maZodmbo lm¡V {MÝVZHo$ o CX²Jma ‘ZZr` bJVo h¢-

H$.""Cgo "BÝÐ' "{‘Ì' "déU' "Ap½Z' H$hVo h¢, Bgr VahgwÝXa n§Imodmbm "Jé‹S>' ^r. EH$ hr gV²H$m {dà ~hþYm à{VnmXZH$aVo h¢, "Ap½Z' "`‘' Am¡a "‘mV[aídm' H$h H$a''.

I.""EH$ hr Ap½Z ~hþV àH$mam|go àÁd{bV hmoVm h¡, EH$ hrgy © {díd‘| AZwà{dï> hmo H$a g~ Hw$N> ~Z OmVm h¡, EH$ hr Cfm`hm§ g^rH$mo {d{dYV`m ^m{gV H$aVr h¡, EH$ hr `h g~ Hw$N> ~ZJm`m h¡''.

J.""Ohm§ AZoH$ bmoH$m|H$mo Am¡a AZoH$ H$moem|H$mo Obm|H$mo bmoJ~«ô‘ OmZVo h¢ AgV² hmo `m gV² hmo g^r Hw$N> CgHo$ AÝXa h¡...{OgHo$ ^rVa y{‘ AÝV[aj ÚwbmoH$ AÜ`m{hV ahVo h¢, Ohm§ Ap½ZMÝÐ‘m gy © dm w A{n©V ahVo h¢... Ohm§ A‘¥V Am¡a ‘¥Ë w ^r Cg EH$hr nwéf‘| A{Yg‘m{hV ahVo h¢... Ohm§ ~mah Am{XË` ½`mah éÐAm¡a AmR> dgwJU g‘m{hV ahVo h¢. Ohm§ yV Ohm§ ^mdr Am¡a g^rbmoH$ bmoH$ à{V{ð>V ahVo h¢... V¢Vrg XodVm {OgHo$ A§J‘| JmÌm|Ho$ê$n‘| {d^ŠV ahVo hmoZona ^r ~«ô‘{dX² CZ V¡Vtg XodVmAm|Ho$ EH$hr hmoZoH$s AZw y{V Ohm§ H$a nmVo h¢''.

K.""Omo EH$ Aì`ŠV Am¡a AZÝVê$n h¡. dhr g~go A{YH$nwamUV‘ h¡... dhr Ap½Z dhr dm w dhr gy © dhr MÝÐ‘m dhrA‘¥V ewH«$ Am¡a dhr Ob VWm àOmn{V ^r h¡''23

h ì`pŠV{deofH$s A{^‘{V m ‘mÝ`VmHo$ gãOopŠQ>d² àm‘mÊ` m Aàm‘mÊ`go {Zanoj ñd § AmoãOopŠQ>dbr à‘o Ho$ EH$ Am¡a AZoH$, Bgr Vah dmñV{dH$Am¡a ^mdmZwê$n, hmoZoHo$ A§JrH$ma‘| CâVr g{hîUwVm EH$ {dbjU g{hîUwVm h¡.Bg lw{Và{Vnm{XV ~«ô‘dmXH$mo göX`VmHo$ gmW {dMmaZoH$s Amdí`H$Vm nhobo^r Wr AmO ^r h¡ Am¡a gd©Xm ahoJr hr.

(‘yb yV lm¡VàíZ) ""dh H$m¡Z gm dZ Wm dh H$m¡Z gm d¥j Wm {Oggo o ÚwbmoH$

Am¡a ybmoH$ Vameo J o h¢? ‘Zr{fAmo H$^r AnZm ‘Z bJm H$a{H$grgo nyN> H$a Vmo XoImo {H$ BZ wdZm|H$mo YmaU H$aZodmbm H$hm§A{Y{ð>V h¡?''

(CgH$m lm¡Vg‘mYmZ) ""dh dZ ~«ô‘ Wm dh d¥j ^r ~«ô‘ Wm {OgZo BZ ÚwbmoH$ Am¡a


24 25

ybmoH$ H$mo Vamem h¡ ‘Zr{fAmo ‘Z`moJHo$ gmW `h ‘¢ H$h ahm hþ§{H$ wdZm|H$mo YmaU H$aZodmbm ~«ô‘‘| A{Y{ð>V h¡''24.

CÕ¥V dMZmdbr‘yb 1 ""H$Vw©‘² AH$Vw©‘² AÝ`Wm dm H$Vwª eŠ § bm¡{H$H§$ d¡{XH§$ M H$‘©... ZVw

"dñVw Ed§ Z¡d‘² ApñV ZmpñV' B{V dm {dH$ëß`Vo. {dH$ënZmñVw nwéf~wÕçnojm….Z dñVw`mWmËå`kmZ§ nwéf~wÕçnoj§, {H$ÝV{h©? dñVwVÝÌ‘od VV²... Ed§yVdñVw{df`mUm§ àm‘mÊ § dñVwVÝÌ‘²''(~«.gy.em§.^m.1&1&2). 2 H$.""`mo d¡ gßVXe àOmnqV `k‘² AÝdm`Îm§ doX''(V¡{Îm.g§{h.6&11&1). I.""`kmo ^yËdm `k‘² AmgrX ñdm§ `mo{Z‘²'',""{dîUw… `kmo XodVm…

M''(V¡{Îm.~«mô‘.2&5&8,Jmon.~«mô‘.2&1&12). J.""Ì § dm BX§ Zm‘ ê$n§ H$‘©... ~«ô‘ EV{Õ gdm©{U Zm‘m{Z... ê$nm{U...

H$‘m©{U {~^{V©. VXoVV² Ì § gX² EH$‘² A`‘² AmË‘m, AmË‘m C EH$… gZ² EVV²Ì`‘²...''(~¥h.Cn.1&6&1-3).

3""^mdàYmZ‘² Am»`mV§ gÎdàYmZm{Z Zm‘m{Z... "AX…' B{V gÎdmZm‘²CnXoemo "Jm¡…'-"Aíd…'-"nwéfmo'-"hñVr' B{V, "^d{V' B{V ^mdñ` "AmñVo'-"eoVo'-"d«O{V'-"{Vð>{V' B{V... fS²> ^md{dH$mam… ^dpÝV B{V dmî`m© {U… :"Om`Vo' "ApñV' "{dn[aU‘Vo' "dY©Vo' "Anjr`Vo' "{dZí`{V'... AVmo AÝ o^md{dH$mam… EVofm‘od {dH$mam… ^dpÝV B{V h ñ‘ Amh'' ({Zé.{ZK.1&1&1-3).

4""~«ô‘mn©U§ ~«ô‘h{d… ~«ô‘m½Zm¡ ~«ô‘Um hþV§ ~«ô‘¡d VoZ JÝVì`§~«ô‘H$‘©g‘m{YZm''(^J.JrVm.4&24).

5""AhñVm{Z ghñVmZm‘², AnXm{Z MVwînXm§, ’$ëJy{Z VÌ ‘hVm§, OrdmoOrdñ` OrdZ§, V{XX§ ^JdmZ²... EH$… AmË‘m AmË‘Zm§ ñdÑH²$, AÝVamo AZÝVamo^m{V ní` V§ ‘m``m CéYm'',""AZwgJª `Wm eº²$`m ggO© ^JdmZ² na…...AÝV…g‘wÐmX² CÝ‘½Zm§ XÑew… Jm§ Ðþ‘¡… d¥Vm§, Ðþ‘oä`… H«w$Ü`‘mZm… Vo... dm w‘²Ap½ZÄM gg¥Ow… V{ÔYj`m... Vmä`m§ {ZX©ô`‘mZmZ² VmZ² Cnbä`... ‘Ý`w§àe‘`pÝZd "‘m Ðþ‘oä`mo ‘hm^mJm XrZoä`mo Ðmo½Yw‘² Ah©W, {ddY©{`fdmo y §àOmZm§ nV`… ñ‘¥Vm…. Ahmo àOmn{Vn{V… ^JdmZ² h[a… Aì``… dZñnVrZ²

AmofYr… M ggO© D$O©{‘f§ {d w…, AÝZ§, MamUm‘² AMam… {h, AnX… nmXMm[aUm‘²,AhñVm hñV wŠVmZm§, {ÛnXm§ M MVwînX…. y ÄM {nÌm AÝdm{Xï>m… XodXodoZ MAZKm… àOmgJm© {h H$W§ d¥jmZ² {ZX©½Yw‘² Ah©W? Am{Vð>V gVm§ ‘mJª H$mon§`ÀN>V Xr{nV‘²''.(^mJ.nwam.1&13&46-47, 6&4&4-11).

6""Ah‘² AÝZ‘²... Ah‘² AÝZmXmo... Ah‘² AÝZ‘² AXÝV§ ‘m‘² AX²{‘. Ah§{díd§ wdZ‘² Aä`^dm‘. gwdZ©Á`mo{V…, `… Ed§ doX''(V¡{Îm.Cn.3&4-6).

7""`pñ‘Z² gdm©{U yVm{Z AmË‘¡d A yX² {dOmZV… VÌ H$mo ‘moh… H$… emoH$…EH$Ëd‘² AZwní`V…''(B©em.Cn.7).

8""nwéfEd BX§ gdª `X² yV§ `V² M ^ì`‘². CV A‘¥VËdñ` B©emZ… `X²AÝZoZ A{Vamoh{V'' (nwé.gy.1).

9""EVmdmZ² Añ` ‘{h‘m, AVmo Á`m`mZ² M nwê$f…. nmXmo Añ` Bh yVm{Z{ÌnmXñ` A‘¥V§ {X{d'' (`Wmnydm}Õ¥V 2).

10""gË § kmZ‘² AZÝV§ ~«ô‘'',""Ðì § H$‘© M H$mb… M ñd^mdmo OrdEdM dmgwXodmV² namo ~«ô‘Z² ZM AÝ`mo AWm} ApñV VÎdV…''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1,^mJ.nwam.2&5&14).

11""qH$ H$maU§ ~«ô‘? Hw$V… ñ‘ OmVm Ordm‘…? Ho$Z Šd M gåà{Vð>m…?A{Y{ð>Vm… Ho$Z gwIoVaofw dVm©‘ho ~«ô‘{dXmo ì`dñWm‘²?''(ídoVm.Cn.1&1).

12""H$mb… ñd^mdmo {Z`{V… `ÑÀN>m ^yVm{Z `mo{Z… nwéf… B{V {MÝË`m…,g§ moJ… Efm§ ZVw AmË‘^mdmX² AmË‘m{n AZre… gwIXw…IhoVmo…. Vo Ü`mZ`moJmZwJVmAní`Z² XodmË‘epŠV§ ñdJwU¡… {ZJyT>m § `… H$maUm{Z {ZpIbm{Z Vm{ZH$mbmË‘ wŠVm{Z A{Y{Vð>{V EH$…''(ídoVm.Cn.1&2-3).

13""gdm©{U ê$nm{U {d{MË` Yramo Zm‘m{Z H¥$Ëdm A{^dXZ² `X²AmñVo''(nwé.gy.7).

14""EVmdmZ² Añ` ‘{h‘m''(`Wmnyd©). 15H$.""~«ô‘ dm BX‘² AJ«o AmgrV² VX² AmË‘mZ‘od AdoX "Ah§ ~«ô‘ Apñ‘'

B{V Vñ‘mV² gd©‘² A^dX². V{XX‘{n EV{h© ` Ed§ doX "Ah§ ~«ô‘ Apñ‘' B{Vg BX§ gdª ^d{V''(~¥h.Cn.1&4&10).

I.""EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gd©‘². VV² gË`‘². g AmË‘m VV² Ëd‘²A{g''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&8&7).


26 27

J.""gd ª Ibw BX § ~ «ô‘ VÁObmZ ² B{V emÝV… CnmgrV''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.3&14&1).

16""AÝY§V‘… à{depÝV o A{dÚm‘² CnmgVo VVmo y Bd V‘mo o C {dÚm`m§aVm…. {dÚm§ M A{dÚm§ M `… VX² doX C^ § gh, A{dÚ`m ‘¥Ë w§ VrËdm© {dÚ`mA‘¥V‘² AíZwVo''(B©em.Cn.11).

17"""AÝY'B{V AÝZZm‘... V‘mo@{n "AÝY' B{V CÀ`Vo Z Apñ‘Z² Ü`mZ§Z Xe©Z‘²'' ({ZK.{Zé.5&1&1-2).

18""‘¥Ë wdm© AgV²-gX² A‘¥V‘²'', ""‘¥Ë wd£ V‘mo-Á`mo{V… A‘¥V‘²'', ""ja§àYmZ‘²-A‘¥V‘² Aja‘²'' (~¥h.Cn.1&3&28, ídoVm.Cn.1&10).

19""Ûo dmd ~«ô‘Umo ê$no ‘Ë ª M A‘¥V§ M, gV² M Ë`V² M'', ""A‘¥V§ M¡d‘¥Ë w… M gX² AgV² M Ah‘²'',""‘¥Ë w… gd©ha… M Ah‘² CX² d… M {dî`Vm‘²''(~¥h.Cn.2&3&1, J.JrVm.9&19,10&34).

20""AgÝZod g ^d{V "AgX² ~«ô‘' B{V doX MoV²'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6). 21""gmo AH$m‘`V "~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o ' B{V... g Vn… Vá‰m BX§ gd©‘²

Ag¥OV... gV² M AgV² M... {dkmZ§ M A{dkmZ§ M gË`§ M AZ¥V§M''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6).

22""1gXod 2gV² 3ñ`mV² gX² B{V {ÌYm AWm} ‘r oV 1XwZu{V-2Z`-3à‘mU¡…''(AÝ``moJì`dÀN>oXÛmqÌ{eH$m 28).

23H$.""BÝÐ§ {‘Ì§ déU‘² Ap½Z‘² Amhþ… AWmo {Xì`… g gwnUm} JwéË‘mZ². EH§$gX² {dàm… ~hþYm dXpÝV Ap½Z§ `‘§ ‘mV[aídmZ‘² Amhþ…''(F$Šg§{h.2&3&21).

I.""EH$Ed Ap½Z… ~hþYm g{‘Õ… EH$… gy m} {díd‘Zw à yV…, EH¡$d Cfmgd©‘² BX§ {d^m{V, EH§$ dm BX§ {d ~ yd gd©‘²''(F$Šg§{h.6&4&28).

J.""`Ì bmoH$mZ² M H$moemZ² M Amnmo ~«ô‘ OZm {dXw… AgÀM `Ì gÀMAÝV…... `pñ‘Z² y{‘… AÝV[aj§ Úm¡… `pñ‘Z² AÜ`m{hVm, `Ì Ap½Z… MÝÐ‘mgy m} dmV… {Vð>pÝV A{n©Vm…... `Ì A‘¥V§ ‘¥Ë w… M nwéfo A{Y g‘m{hVo... `ÌAm{XË`m… M éÐm… M dgd… M g‘m{hVm… ^yV§ `Ì ^ì`§ M gd} bmoH$m…à{V{ð>Vm…... `ñ` Ì`pñÌ§eX² Xodm… A§Jo JmÌm… {d o{Oao VmZ² d¡ Ì`pñÌ§eX² XodmZ²EHo$ ~«ô‘{dXmo {dXw…''(AWd©g§.10&21-23).

K.""`X² EH$‘² Aì`ŠV‘² AZÝVê$n§ {díd§ nwamU§... VXod Ap½Z… VX² dm w…

VV ² g y` © … VX w MÝÐ‘m VX od e wH « $‘ ² A‘ ¥V § VX ² Amn… gàOmn{V…''(‘hmZm.Cn.1&1&7).

24""qH$pñdX² dZ§ H$ C g d¥j… Amg `Vmo Úmdmn¥{Wdr {Zï>Vjw…? ‘Zr{fUmo‘Zgm n¥ÀN>VoXw VX² `X² AÜ`{Vð>X² wdZm{Z Yma`Z²? (F$½doX.10&81&4).

~«ô‘ dZ§ ~«ô‘ g d¥j… AmgrX² `Vmo Úmdmn¥{Wdr {Zï>Vjw… ‘Zr{fUmo ‘Zgm{d ~«dr{‘ dmo ~«ô‘ AÜ`{Vð>X² wdZm{Z Yma`Z² (V¡{Îm.~«m.2&8&9&7).

({ddmXmñnX gmV ‘wÔm|Ho$ lw{V Am{X emñÌmoH|$ ÐîQ>ì` dMZ) 1.(H$)""{dÚm§ M A{dÚm§ `… VX² doX C^`§ gh'' (B©em.Cn.11),

(I)""`pñ‘Z² {déÕJV`mo ô`{Ze§ nVpÝV {dÚmX`mo {d{dYeŠV`… AmZwnyì`m©V²,VX² ~«ô‘ {díd^d‘² EH$‘² AZÝV‘² AmÚ‘² AmZÝX‘mÌ‘² A{dH$ma‘²...''(^mJ.nwam.4&9&16).

2.(H$)""AOm`‘mZmo ~hþYm {dOm`Vo'' (V¡{Îm.Ama.3&13&3) (I)""AmË‘¡dV{XX§ {díd§ g¥Á`Vo g¥O{V à w…, Ìm`Vo Ìm{V {dídmË‘m, {õ`Vo ha{V B©ída….Vñ‘mX² Z{h AmË‘Zmo AÝ`ñ‘mX² AÝ`mo ^mdmo {Zê${nV…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&28&6-7).

3.""‘¥Ë w… gd©ha… M Ah‘² CX² d… M ^{dî`Vm‘'' (^J.JrVm.10&34). 4.""Ðì § H$‘© M H$mb… M ñd^mdmo OrdEd M `XZwJ«hV… gpÝV Z gpÝV

`Xwnoj`m. EH$mo ZmZmËd‘² ApÝdÀN>Z²... Xodmo ‘m``m ì`g¥OV² {ÌYm''(^mJ.nwam.2&10&12-13).

5.(H$)""EH$mo Xod… ~hþYm {Z{dï>mo AOm`‘mZmo ~hþYm {dOm`Vo V‘oV‘²"Ap½Z‘²' B{V AmÜd ©d… CnmgVo, "Òw…' B{V Ef… {h BX§ gdª wZpŠV, "gm‘'B{V N>ÝXmoJm… EVpñ‘Z² {h BX§ gdª à{V{ð>V‘², "{df‘²' B{V gnm©…, "gn©…' B{Vgn©{dX…, "D$J©²' B{V Xodm…, "a{`…' B{V ‘Zwî`m…, "‘m`m' B{V Agwam…,"ñdYm'B{V {nVa…, "XodOZ…' B{V XodOZ{dX…, "ê$n‘²' B{V JÝYdm©…, "JÝYd©…' B{VAßgag…. V§ `Wm-`Wm CnmgVo VW¡d ^d{V'' (I)""`mo-`mo `m§-`m§ VZw§ ^ŠV…lÕ`m A{M©Vw‘² BÀN>{V Vñ`-Vñ` AMbm§ lÕm§ Vm‘od {dXYm{‘ Ah‘². gV`m lÕ`m wŠV… Vñ` AmamYZ‘² Bî`Vo b^Vo M VV… H$m‘mZ² ‘ ¡d {d{hVmZ²{h VmZ²'' (^J.JrVm.7&21).


28 29

6.(H$)""AmZÝX§ ~«ô‘Umo {dÛmZ² Z {~ o{V Hw$VíMZ B{V. EV§ h dmd ZVn{V {H$‘² Ah§ gmYw Z AH$ad§ {H$‘² Ah§ nmn‘² AH$ad‘² B{V'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&9),(I)""J¥hofw Am{deVm§ Mm{n nw§gm§ Hw$ebH$‘©Um§ ‘X²dmVm© mV`m‘mZm§ Z ~ÝYm`J¥hm… ‘Vm…''(^mJ.nwam.4&30&19).

7.(H$)"""^JdmZ² gd© yVofw b{jV… ñdmË‘Zm h[a… Ñí ¡… ~wÕ²çm{X{^… Ðï>mbjU¡… AZw‘mnH¡$…' : à{Vnwéf§ à{V{df § emñÌm{U àg¥Vm{Z. Vm{Z Z gd©Wm~m{YV{df`m{U, nañnamon`moJmV². ^JdmZ² V¡… gd£aod gd© yVofw b{jV… bjU`mkm{nV…. Z¡`m{`H¡$… H$V¥©ËdoZ, ‘r‘m§gH¡$… {H«$`mËdoZ, doXmÝV¡… AmË‘ËdoZ,gm§»`m{X{^… H$aUËdoZ, AÝ`¡… M VX²ôX¡… kmZËdoZ, kmZËdoZ M AÝ`¡…,kmZm{Yð>mV¥ËdoZ M. gd£aod ^JdmZ² EH$Xoeo b{jVmo AÝYhpñVdV². AZw doZ`wŠË`m M...'' (^mJ.gw~mo.2&2&35), (I)""lwË`m{XôXofw ZmZmàH$maoUà{Vnm{XVËdmX² AÝ`moÝ`{damoYmX² Z {H$pÄMV² à‘mU§ ~«ô‘{U ^{dî`{V B{VAme§Š` Amh "gd©dmXmZdga‘²' B{V. dñVwV… lwVm¡ ZmZmdmŠ`mZm‘² EH$dmŠ`Vm{Zê${nVm gd©^dZgm‘Ï`}Z {déÕY‘m©l`ËdmV²... EH¡$H$mo dmXmo ~«ô‘U…EH¡$H$Y‘©à{VnmXH¡$H$dmŠèofB{V ^JdmZ² VmZ² gdm©Zod AZwga{V''(V.Xr.{Z.1&70).


2

àË`jà‘mUHo$ ~mao‘| Hw$N> nwa…ñ’y${V©H$ {dMma

(CnH«$‘) dmëb^ Ñ{ï>H$moUHo$ AZwgma h gånyU© Ñ½ÐîQ¥>Ñí`mË‘H$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$

OJV² Cg EH$‘odm{ÛVr` gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘H$s gË`g§H$ënVm VWm gd© dZgm‘Ï ©H$s B{VH$V©ì`Vmê$nm Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdê$nm epŠVAm|Ûmam gånÝZ hmoVr EH$brbm h¡. ~«ô‘ VËd bm¡{H$H$ àË`jmZw‘mZm{X à‘mUm|go Jå` H$moB© à‘o Z hmoH$a EH$ emñÌr` à‘o hr h¡. AV… àË`jJ«mô` Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m}H$s ~«ô‘mË‘H$Vm^r àË`jH$m {df` Z hmo H$a lw{V-ñ‘¥{V-gyÌ-nwamU-VÝÌ-B{Vhmgê$nemñÌdMZ¡H$-Jå` à‘o h¡. {’$a^r Cg ~«ô‘H$s brbmHo$ ê$n‘| àH$Q> hþdo oZm‘-ê$n-H$‘© Vmo àË`j AZw‘mZ Am{X à‘mUm|go Jå` ~ZVo hr h¢. Am¡a AVEdAnZo brbmW© n[aJ¥hrV BZ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m}Ho$ nhbw‘| ~«ô‘ ^r àË`jm{Xà‘mUm|H$m à‘o ^r ~ZVm hr h¡. AVEd ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©MaU H$hVo h¢:

""AZÝV‘y{V© VX² ~«ô‘ Hy$Q>ñW§ Mb‘od M {déÕgd©Y‘m©Um‘²Aml`§ `wŠË`Jm oMa‘². ~«ô‘¡d {h gdm ©Yma §, `Wm ^y{‘…ghO{déÕmZm‘{n ‘yfH$m{XOrdmZm§, H$maUJVY‘©… n¥{Wì`m§^mgVo. {deofoU bm¡{H$H$ wpŠV… AÌ ZmpñV, VXJå`ËdmV²... ZZwAdVma of w ^JdÎdlwV o… bm ¡{H$H$à‘mU{df`ËddX²bm¡{H$H$`wpŠV{df`Ëd‘{n Hw$Vmo Z? B{V Ame§Š`` Amh"Am{d^m©d{Vamo^md¡… ‘mohZ§ ~hþê$nV… BpÝÐ`mUmÝVw gm‘Ï`m©X²AÑí § ñdoÀN> mVw VV²'... Mjw… Z ñdgm‘Ï }Z JdÝV§ {df`rH$amo{V{H$ÝVw ^Jd{XÀN> ¡d "gd} ní`ÝVw' BË oVÐÿn`m VX² Ñí`‘².''

~«ô‘dmXr {MÝVZH$s g{hîUwVm


30 31

(V.Xr.{Z.à.1&71-72)

AV… bm¡{H$H$ {df`m|Ho$ emñÌr` ñdê$nHo$ ~mao‘| bm¡{H$H$ àË`jm{X à‘mUm|H$màm‘mÊ` AdZganamhV hmoZona ^r emñÌr` {df`m|Ho$ bm¡{H$H$ ñdê$nHo$ ~mao‘|àË`jm{X à‘mUm|H$m àm‘mÊ` dmëb^ {MÝVZ‘| ^r gd©Wm ñdrH$mam hr J`m h¡.Š`m|{H$ AÝ`Wm ~«ô‘ `m ~«ô‘mpË‘H$m brbm Ho$ à{VnmXZmW©, gd©Wm AÑîQ> `mAlwV ahZona Vmo, ~«ô‘{df{Ùr namoj emãXr à‘mHo$ OZZHo$ ì`mnma‘| ^remñÌdMZ Aj‘ hmo Om |Jo.

AVEd ê$ng¥pîQ>Ho$ gmW-gmW VËà{Vê$n Ed§ VXÝVJ©V Zm‘g¥pîQ>Ho$ àmH$Q²>çH$mà`moOZ ê$nbrbmÛmam ì`m‘w½Y Ed§ ~Õ {MX§eê$n OrdmË‘mAm|H$m Zm‘brbmÛmamCÕma à{Vnm{XV hþdm h¡. 1 OrdmË‘M¡VÝ` AnZo {MX§e hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| ZVmoê$ng¥pîQ>‘| AÝVJ©{UV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z Zm‘g¥pîQ>‘| hr. {’$a^r Cgr {MX§eHo$Ord^mdmnÝZ hmoZona dh AnZo kmZH$‘m©{X ì`mnma ê$ng¥pîQ> Am¡a Zm‘g¥pîQ> Ho$gmW g§hV hmo H$a hr gånÝZ H$a nmVm h¡. Zm‘g¥pîQ> Am¡a ê$ng¥pîQ> Ho$ ~rM ahoBVaoVa{dbjU ñd^mdH$m {Zê$nU ‘hmà w `m| H$aVo h¢ {H$ ê$ng¥pîQ> AÝVdVrñWyb {dH¥$V Ed§ O‹S>mpË‘H$m hmoVr h¡ O~{H$ Zm‘g¥pîQ> AZÝV gyú‘ A{dH¥$V Ed§~moYmpË‘H$m hmoVr h¡2 `m| ~ÝYZH$m[aUr ê$ng¥pîQ> Am¡a ‘wpŠVXm{`Zr Zm‘g¥pîQ>XmoZm| hr Jdëbrbmê$nm hr hmoVr h¢. AVEd lwË`m{XemñÌ¡H$Jå` VËdñdê$nm|H$sàË`jm{X à‘mUm|go AJå`Vm ~ÝYZH$m[aUr brbm hmoVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ àË`jm{Xà‘mUm|go Jå` ê$nagJÝYñnU©eãXm{X {df` ñd § ~ÝYZH$mar hmoVo h¢. BÝht,{H$ÝVw, àË`jm{X à‘mUm|go Jå` Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ lwË`m{X emñÌm|Ho$ dMZm|‘|à{Vnm{XV `m {d{hV ñdê$n ‘wpŠVgånmXH$ ^r hmo nmVo h¢. EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVmh¡ {H$ ~ÝYZH$s Vah ‘wpŠV ^r Cgr na‘ VËdH$s EH$ brbm h¡. Am¡a AVEdàË`jm{X à‘mUm|H$m Bg AY©OaVr`Ý`m`go à‘mU Am¡a Aà‘mU hmoZm XmoZm| hr^JdëbrbmHo$ hr Xmo {dbjU AZw md h¢ AñVw.

({df`) àË`jHo$ àm‘mÊ`H$m, Bg AY©OaVr`Ý`m`go, Aä wnJ‘ h‘| gmoMZoH$s Bg

{XemH$s Amoa AJ«ga H$aVm h¡ {H$ àË`jmZw y{V AnZo {H$g ñdê$n‘| à‘mU

hmoZoH$s nXdrna Amê$‹T> hmo Zht nmVr?

dmëb^ ÑpîQ> Bg {df`‘| `m| h¡ {H$ àË`jmZw y{VH$m Ho$db EH$ AZw y{VHo$ê$n‘| à‘mU hmoZm {Z`V `m A{Zdm © Z hmoZona ^r Cggo n¡Xm hmoZodmbr ~m¡{ÕH$s{ZpíM{V, {OgHo$ AmYmaV`m ~w{ÕH$m gmpËdH$s AdñWm‘| hmoZm EH$ A{Zdm ©{ZH$f ‘mZm J`m h¡3, Bg ê$n‘| dh AZw y{V à‘mUnXdrna Amê$‹T> hmo nmVr h¡.

(g§e`) ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ àË`jmZw y{V {Z{d©f`H$M¡VÝ`ê$nm Vmo hmo hr Zht gH$Vr.

AV… àË`jmZw^y{VHo$ KQ>H$ ({df`/H$‘©; VWm, {df`r/~mô`mä`ÝVaH$aUVWm H$Vm© `m A{YîR>mZ `m|) Ý yZV‘ Xmo `m VrZ Vmo ñdrH$maZo hr n‹S>Vo h¢. AV…Bg {Okmñ`{df`Ho$ ‘yb‘| Hw$N> {dH$ën Bg Vah g§e`mË‘Zm CâVo h¢ `Wm-

1.Š`m àË`jmZw^y{V {ZíMoîQ> (passive) J«mhH$ ~mô`mä`ÝVaH$aU m H$Vm© Ho$ D$na gMoîQ> (active) ~mô` {df`m|H$m H$moB© dmñV{dH$à^md (real impression) h¡?

2.AWdm Š`m `h àË`jmZw y{V {df`Ûmam {df`rna Amamo{nV H$moB©{‘Ï`m à^md (super-impossed impression) hmoVm h¡?

3.AWdm Š`m `h àË`jmZw y{VH$m Omo {ZíMoîQ> (‹passive)~mô`{df` hmoVm h¡, Cgo Ðì` (Matter) àmH¥$V {df` (Natural object)

‘mZo m, dñVwH$m AH$pënV ñdê$n (Thing-in-itself=Noumenon)

‘mZo m, Añdà`moOZH$ mo½` dñVw (pour soi) ‘mZo m, ñdà`moOZH$^moŠV¥ dñVw (en soi) ‘mZo BZ‘|go {H$gr ^r ê$n‘| XoIm Om o, CgHo$~mao‘| gMoîQ> (active) {df`r kmZH$aU AWdm kmVm H$m H$moB© à{V^md(reaction/expression) h¡?

4.AWdm Š`m `h àË`jmZw y{V kmZH$aU/kmVm Ûmam {df`na{H$`m J`m H$moB© {‘Ï`m AmamonU (projection/superimposition)

h¡? 5.AWdm Š`m `h àË`jmZw y{V {df`rHo$ JwUY‘m]H$m BH$Va’$m

àË`jà‘mUHo$ ~mao‘| Hw$N> nwa…ñ’y${V©H$ {dMma gmH$ma ~«÷dmX

32 33

{‘Ï`mamonU Z hmo H$a {df` Am¡a {df`r XmoZm|Ho$ JwUY‘m]Ho$AÝ`moÝ`mamonUmË‘H$ AÜ`mgê$nm KQ>Zm h¡?

6.AWdm Š`m `h àË`jmZw y{V BZ XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM C^`Ì nañnaK{Q>V hmoVr {H«$`m-à{V{H«$`mê$nm H$moB© C^`{dbjU KQ>Zm h¡?

7.AWdm Š`m `h àË`jmZw y{V XmoZm|‘| {ZJy‹T> gå^mdZmHo$ Vmoanaaho hþdo AZ{^ì`ŠV JwUY‘m]H$s AÝ`moÝ`gh`moJde CâZodmbr H$moB©dmñV{dH$Vm `m A{^ì`pŠV h¡?

o h¢ : {Okmñ` {df`ê$n àË`jà‘mUHo$ ~mao‘| g§e`H$s {d{^ÝZ H$mo{Q>`m|Ho${d{^ÝZ H$ën.

(nyd©nj) 1.h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ {Okmñ`{df`Ho$ ~mao‘| g§e`H$m àW‘ H$ën

gm§»`gÑe {ZpîH«$` nwéfM¡VÝ` VWm g{H«$` O‹S>àH¥${V Ho$ Û¡VdmXr {MÝVZ‘|‘mÝ` hmoZm eŠ` hmoZona ^r ewÕmÛ¡VdmXr dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ‘mÝ` Zht hmo gH$Vmh¡.

2.{ÛVr` H$ën CZ Xme©{ZH$ {MÝVZm|‘| gå^d h¡ Omo M¡VÝ`H$mo gd©Wm{ZJw©U {ZpîH«$` {ZamH$ma `m {ZY©‘©H$ ‘mZVo h¢ naÝVw dmëb^ {MÝVZ M¡VÝ`H$moCgHo$ ‘ybñdê$n‘| Vmo {ZJw©U {ZpîH«$` {ZamH$ma `m {ZY©‘©H$ Vmo H$W‘{n Zht‘mZVm. AV…àË`jH$s Eogr ì`m»`m ^r dmëb^ {MÝVZ‘| nyd©nj‘| hr AÝV y©VhmoJr.

3.Bgr Vah V¥Vr` H$ën‘| ^r ‘ybV… ~mô` {df` Am¡a {df`r Ho$ ~mao‘|EH$ VahH$m Û¡VdmXr nydm©J«h Vmo ^m{gV hmo hr ahm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ~mô` {df`àË`jmZw y{VHo$ OZZì`mnma‘| {ZíMoîQ> gh`moJr (passive partner) hmoVo hm|`m gMoîQ> gh`moJr hmoVo hm|. dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s ÑpîQ>Ho$ AZwgma O‹S> Ðì`H$mAH$pënV dmñV{dH$ ñdê$n gpÀMXmZÝXmË‘H$ hr hmoVm h¡, Omo OrdMoVZmÛmamgm‘mÝ`V`m àË`jJ«mô` Zht hmo nmVm. gpÀMXmZZÝX ~«ô‘Ho$ gË`g§H$ën Am¡a

gd© dZgm‘Ï © Ho$ de gX§e‘| M¡VÝ` Am¡a {MX§e‘| AmZÝX Ho$ {Vamo mddeàmH¥$V gX§em|‘| J¥hrV hmoVr O‹S>VmH$m Hw$N> {df`JV AmYma (objective

ground) hmoZona ^r {MXmZÝXm§eHo$ {Vamo mdde CZ O‹S> Ðì`m|‘| MoVZm `mAmZÝX Ho$ EoH$mpÝVH$ AË`ÝVm^mdH$s àVr{V‘| hoVw OrdmË‘mAm|H$m AnZmn[apÀN>Z ~moYgm‘Ï © ^r {df{`JV AmYma (subjective ground) ñdrH$mamJ`m h¡. AV… Bg gÝX ©‘| dmëb^ doXmÝV àË`jmZw y{VHo$ JmoMa {df`m|H$mo(nonmena/phenomena) Ho$ EoH$mpÝVH$ dJm]‘| {d^ŠV H$aZoH$mo O‘©ZrHo$Ako dmXr B‘mZwEb² H$mÝQ²>H$s Vah g‘wÚV Zht hmo nmVm. ahr ~mV Ðì`Ho$ ~mao‘|{ZíMoîQ>VmH$s Vmo, Eogr (inertia) H$s YmaUm ^r nwZ… ewÕmÛ¡V doXmÝVH$mo amgZht Am gH$Vr h¡. Š`m|{H$ Ý`m`-gm§»`‘Vm|H$s Vah O‹S> àmH¥$V Ðì`m|H$m^mo½`^mdmË‘Zm àH$Q> hmoZm VWm nwéfM¡VÝ`H$m ^moŠV¥^mdgo ‘pÊS>V hmoZm,dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ^r, brbmW© àH$Q> EopÀN>H$ Û¡VHo$ AZwamoYde Vmo ‘mÝ` h¡ hr.dmëb^ doXmÝV‘|, {’$a^r, ZVmo Ý`m`‘VH$s Vah O‹S> Ðì`H$mo gd©Wm {ZpîH«$Àm¡a Z gm§»`‘VH$s Vah nwéfM¡VÝ`H$mo hr gd©Wm {ZpîH«$` ‘mZm J`m h¡. Am¡aZ Ho$db O‹S> àH¥${VH$mo hr g{H«$` ‘mZm J`m h¡. AV… nwéfM¡VÝ`H$mo Ho$db^moŠV¥ mdmnÝZ (en soi) ‘mZ boZo ^r dmëb^ doXmÝV g‘wÚV Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$CgHo$ ^moŠV¥ mdHo$ KQ>H$ ~mô`mä`ÝVa H$aU ñd § ^mo½`^mdmnÝZ O‹S>àH¥${VgoCgo CYma {‘bo hþdo hmoVo h¢. A§er na~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUH$mo dmëb^doXmÝV ""H«$sS>mW©‘² AmË‘Z… BX§ {ÌOJV² H¥$V§ Vo'' (^mJ.nwam.8&22&20)VWm ""AÎmm MamMaJ«hUmV²'' (~«.gy.1&2&9) dMZm|Ho$ AmYmana ‘yb^moŠVmñdrH$maVm hmoZogo, CÝh| hr (primordial en soi) ñdrH$maoJm. OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$Vmo ~«ô‘Ho$ {MX§e hmoZoHo$ H$maU CZH$m H$V¥©Ëd-^moŠV¥ËdH$s Am§{eH$ A{^ì`pŠVhr hmoVr h¡. `h h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ~«ô‘gyÌJV "MamMa' nX ^r O‹S>OrdHo$à oXH$m dmMH$ Zht ‘mZm J`m h¡. Š`m|{H$ Aja~«ô‘ Hy$Q>ñWM¡VÝ` AMa ^rhmoVm h¡ Am¡a A§e yV OrdM¡VÝ` Ma ^r. Bgr Vah AmH$meH$mo O‹S> hmoZona ^rAMa ‘mZm J`m Vmo AÝ` ^m¡{VH$ VËdm|H$mo Ma ^r. AVEd O‹S>OrdmË‘H$C^`{dY OJV²H$mo ~«mpô‘H$ gÝX ©‘| dmëb^ doXmÝV Z Vmo EoH$mpÝVH$V`m ^mo½`hr Am¡a Z EoH$mpÝVH$V`m ^moŠVm hr ‘mZ nmVm h¡. ì`dpñWV {dH$ënde ~«ô‘Ho$gX§e yV O‹S> Ðì`mo‘| àH$Q> ^mo½`^md VWm OrdmË‘mAmo‘| O‹S> Ðì`m|Ûmam {Zê${nVàH$Q> ^moŠV¥ md hmoZona ^r, nma‘mpË‘H$ ^moŠV¥ md{Zê${nV àH$Q> ^mo½`^md ^rñdrH$m © h¡ hr.


34 35

4.Bg àH$maH$m ‘V ^maVr` {MÝVZ‘| Vmo CnbãY Z hmoZona ^r nmíMmË`{MÝVZ‘| AZw ddm{XAm|Ûmam àñVm{dV {H$`m J`m h¡. Bg AZw ddmX {dé.VH©$dmX Ho$ Amngr {damoYm^mgHo$ ~mao‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s YmaUm Hw$N> BgVahH$s gmoMr Om gH$Vr h¡ {H$ àË`jJmoMaV`m AZw y ‘mZ gmaoHo$ gmao àË``Z Vmo h‘mar MoVZm‘|, VH©$dmXr (Rationalistic) YmaUmHo$ AZwê$n AÝV{Z©Jy‹T>hr ahVo h¢ Am¡a Zht AZw ddmXr (Empiricistic) YmaUmHo$ AZwê$n Ho$dbBpÝÐ`mW©gËgåà`moJOÝ` hr. nwZíM, AY©OaVr`Ý`m oZ, MoVZmHo$ ^rVa ~mô`CX²~moYH$gm‘J«rdemV² CX²~wÕ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> ~m¡{ÛH$s MoVZm AnZr gmpËdH$samOgr m Vm‘gr AdñWmAm|Ho$ AZwê$n AnZo rVa K‹S>o àË``m|H$m ~mô`àjonU^r H$aVr h¡. "àñWmZaËZmH$a' J«ÝWHo$ à‘mñdê$n~moYmon{`H$kmZ oXmon oX{Zê$nH$H$ëbmob‘| Xe{dYkmZH$s {Zê$nH$ AmÚ Va§J‘4 Bg {df`H$m {dñVmanyd©H$^br^m§{V CnnmXZ hþdm h¡.

5.^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©Zo AnZo emaraH$^mî`Ho$ CnmoX²KmV‘| Bg VahHo$AÜ`mgH$m5 ‘Zmoa‘ {Zê$nU {H$`m h¡ naÝVw ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©MaU AnZo^mî`‘| Bg à{H«$`mH$m àË`m»`mZ BZ eãXmo‘| H$aVo h¢ :

(H$)""doXoZ¡d VmdV² H$V¥ ©Ëd§ ~moÜ`Vo. doXíM na‘mßVmoAja‘mÌ‘{n AÝ`Wm Z dX{V. AÝ`Wm gd©Ì ¡dVX{dídmgàg§JmV². ZM H$V¥©Ëdo {damoYmo ApñV, gË`Ëdm{XY‘©dV²H$V¥©Ëdñ`m{n CnnÎmo…. gd©Wm {ZY©‘©H$Ëdo gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`{damoY…."gË`'-"kmZm'{XnXmZm§ Y‘©ôXoZ¡d VXwnnÎmo…. ZM H$V¥ ©Ëd§g§gm[aY‘m} XohmÜ`mgH¥$VËdmX² B{V dmÀ §, àmnpÄMHo$ H$V¥©Ëdo VW¡dZVw Abm¡{H$H$H$V¥©Ëdo... àVrVÄM {ZfoÜ § Z AàVrV§ Z lw{VàVrV‘².gË`ËdmX`íM bm¡{H$H$m… VV… gd©{ZfoYo VXkmZ‘od ^doV². ZMgË`Ëdm{XH§$ bmoHo$ ZmñË od, ì`dhma‘mÌËdmV² H$maUJV‘od gË`Ëd§ànÄMo ^mgVo B{V dmÀ §, V{h© H$V¥©Ëd§ VWm Hw$Vmo Z A§Jr{H«$`Vo?ñ‘¥{VíM ñdrH¥$Vm ^d{V "H$Vm© H$ma{`Vm h[a…' B{V. ZMAmamonÝ`m oZ dŠVw§ eŠ § VWm g{V AÝ`ñ` ñ`mV². VÌ Z àH¥$Vo…,

AJ«o ñd`‘od {Z{fÜ`‘mZËdmV². Z OrdmZm‘², AñdmVÝË`mV². ZMAÝòfm‘², C^`{ZfoYmXod. Vñ‘mX² ~«ô‘JV‘od H$V¥©Ëd‘² Ed§^moŠV¥Ëd‘{n''(~«.gy.^m.1&1&2).

(I)""H$V¥©Ëd§ ~«ô‘JV‘od VËgå~ÝYmXod Ordo H$V¥©Ëd§ VX§eËdmX²Eoíd`m©{XdV² ZVw OS>JV‘² B{V''(~«.gy.^m.2&3&41).

AV… ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm`©Ûmam à{Vnm{XV AmÜ`m{gH$s à{H«$`màË`jmZw y{VHo$ ~mao‘| gdmªe‘| dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| A{^‘V hmo Zht nmVr h¡.

6. BgHo$ ~mX AmVo fîR> H$ënHo$ ‘yb‘| ^r {H$gr VahH$s Û¡VdmXrnyd©YmaUm hr gwñnîQ> PbH$Vr h¡. AV… brbmW© àH$Q> {df`-{df`rHo$ Û¡VdeàË`jmZw y{V BZ XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM EH$ {H«$`m-à{V{H«$`mê$n àH$Q>

hþ r dmñV{dH$ KQ>Zm h¡, Bg A§e‘| Vmo dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo ^r H$moB© Amn{ÎmZ hmoZona ^r, {df`-{df`rHo$ ~rM aho ‘m¡{bH$ AÛ¡VH$mo wbm`m Z Om o, V^r`h H$ën dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ‘mÝ` hmo nm oJm. AVEd lr‘X² mJdVHo$ ÛmXeñH$ÝY‘|""AmgrX² kmZ‘² AWmo{h AWm} EH$‘od A{dH$pënV§... VÝ‘m`m’$bê$noUHo$db§ {Z{d©H$pënV§ dmL²>‘Zmo@JmoMa§ gË`§ {ÛYm g‘^dX² ~¥hX². V`mo…EH$Vamo{h AWm} àH¥${V… gm C^`mpË‘H$m. kmZÝVw AÝ`V‘mo ^md… nwéf…gmo A{^Yr`Vo. V‘mo aO… gËd‘² B{V àH¥$Vo… A^dZ² JwUm…. ‘`màjmoä`‘mUm`m… nwéfmZw‘VoZ M... gÄMmo{XVm ^mdm… gd} g§hË`H$m[aUmoAÊS>‘² CËnmX`m‘mgw… ‘‘ Am`VZ‘² CÎm‘§, Vpñ‘Z² Ah§ g‘^d‘² AÊSo>g{bbg§pñWVm¡'' (^mJ.nwam.11&24&2-10) H$hm J`m h¡. AV… hm§ {Zê${nVEH$H$m AZoH$dX²^md Am¡a CZ AZoH$dX²^mdmnÝZm|‘| nwZ… nañna g§hËÀW©{H«$`mH$m[aVmHo$ {gÕmÝVH$mo Z wbm`m Om` Vmo {df`-{df`rHo$ ~rM {H«$`m-à{V{H«$`mê$noU àË`jmZw y{VH$mo EH$ dmñV{dH$ KQ>ZmHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$ma H$aZo‘|dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo H$moB© g§H$moM Zht hmoJm. AÝ`Wm `h ^r H$ën nyd©njHw${j‘|{Z{dîQ> hr ñdrH$maZm n‹S>Vm h¡.

(CÎmanj/{gÕmÝVnj)


36 37

AV… Ad{eîQ> ApÝV‘ gmVdm§ ""`h àË`jmZw y{V XmoZm|‘| {ZJy‹T> gå^mdZmHo$Vmoana aho hþdo AZ{^ì`ŠV JwUY‘m}H$s AÝ`moÝ`gh`moJde CâZodmbr H$moB©dmñV{dH$Vm `m A{^ì`pŠV h¡'' Eogm H$ën hr h‘mao gm‘Zo dmëb^ {gÕmÝVHo$ê$n‘| àñVwV hmoVm h¡.

EVXW© Hw$N> ‘m¡{bH$ àm½YmaUmAm|H$mo ~w{ÕJV aIZm {Okmñ`{df`Ho$ br^m§{Vg‘mH$bZHo$ hoVw CnH$maH$ hmo gH$Vm h¡.

àW‘ àm½YmaUm : CZ‘| gd©àW‘ Vmo `h {H$ `hþXr-B©gmB©-Bñbm‘r Y‘©J«ÝWm|‘| g¥pîQ>H$m

àmXw m©d O¡go EH$ grYr aoImHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$mam J`m h¡, d¡go doXm{X emñÌ `mdmëb^ doXmÝV‘| dh Zht ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. `hm§ dh MH«$H$mH$ma aoIm‘|ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. Š`m|{H$ ~«ô‘H$s n[a^mfm ""`Vmo dm B‘m{Z yVm{Z Om`ÝVo,

oZ OmVm{Z OrdpÝV, `V² à`pÝV A{^g§{depÝV, VX² {d{Okmgñd VX²~«ô‘'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.3&1) ‘| hr ""Om`ÝVo-OrdpÝV-à`pÝV-A{^g§{depÝV''`m| Mmam| hr {H«$`mnXm|‘| dV©‘mZH$mbH$m à`moJ BgH$s Jdmhr XoVm h¡. AV…EH$‘odm{ÛVr` VËdH$m AZoH$dX² mdmnÝZ hmoZm, Cg gOmVr`-{dOmVr`-ñdJV-ôXd{O©V VËdH$m gOmVr`-{dOmVr`-ñdJV-ôXdÎm`m àH$Q> hmoZm, Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nVmo An[apÀN>ÝZH$m AnZo-AmnH$mo Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nHo$ n[aÀN>oXm|‘|àH$Q> H$aZm, Cg {dewÕ {dkmZmË‘H$ VËdH$m AnZogo n¥WH²$ ko mW©V`m ^ràH$Q> hmoZm, Cg H¥$ËñZàkmZKZ EH$ag VËdH$m AkmZ g§e` «‘ ñ‘¥{V ñdßZ{ZÐm Am{X AZoH$ag^mdm|‘| àH$Q> hmoZm, `h g^r Hw$N> gH¥$X²K{Q>V hmoZodmbrAmH$pñ‘H$ KQ>Zm Z hmo H$a H$moB© gZmVZ AgH¥$XmdV©Zm|Ho$ MH«$mo‘| MbVrahZodmbr EH$ brbmHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. AVEd Cg AmË‘a‘Uerb6

MoVZm‘| AZmË‘dV² O‹S>-OrdmpË‘H$m g¥pîQ>H$m àmXw m©d brbmê$n ‘mZm J`m h¡.AVEd ~¥ôXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²‘| Bgo `m| H$hm J`m h¡ :

""gd¡ Z¡d ao‘o Vñ‘mX²-EH$mH$s Z a‘Vo. g {ÛVr`‘² EoÀN>V². gh EVmdmZ² Amg. `Wm ñÌrnw‘m§gm¡ gån[aîdŠVm¡. g B‘‘od AmË‘mZ§ÛoYm AmnmV`V²... g h A`‘² B©jmÄMH«o$ "H$WÝZw ‘m AmË‘ZEd

OZ{`Ëdm gå^d{V, hÝV {Vamogm{Z' B{V gm Jm¡… A^dV²F$f^…BVa… Vm§ g‘od A^dV²...`{XX§ {H$ÄMZ {‘WwZ§...VV² gd©‘²Ag¥OV. gmo AdoX² "Ah§ dmd g¥pîQ>… Apñ‘'-"Ah§ {h gd©‘² Ag¥{j'B{V. VV… g¥pîQ>… A^dV². g¥îQ²>çm§ h EVñ`m§ ^d{V ` Ed§ doX.''

(~¥h.Cn.1&4&3-5).

EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ Cg AIÊS>~moYê$n na‘VËdH$m {ZOmË‘ÛoYmnmXZ,AWm©V² {df` Am¡a {df`r ~ZZm, Am§I-{‘Mm¡ZrHo$ O¡gr H$moB© H«$s‹S>m h¡. AWm©V²{N>no hþdo {df`H$mo {df`r ImoO ahm h¡ Am¡a {df`rHo$ {N>n OmZona Cgo {dfÌmoOZo bJ OmVm h¡ `h {ZaÝVa MH«$dV² MbVr brbm‘| Cg EH$‘odm{ÛVr`VËdH$m AZoH$dX² mdmnÝZ hmoZm Am¡a AZoH$dX² mdmnÝZ hmo OmZona nwZ… AnZrEH$‘odm{ÛVr`VmH$mo ImoOZo bJ OmZm hr g¥pîQ>-àb`Ho$ MH«$V`m Cn{ZfXm|‘|à{Vnm{XV hþdm h¡.

h‘mam {Okmñ`{df` àË`jà‘mU ^r Bg à{H«$`m‘| AndmX hmo ZhtgH$Vm. AV… {df`r MoVZm‘| àH$Q> hþdm brbmË‘H$ AkmZ {df`Ho$ ~mao‘|BÀN>m-`ËZ-CnbpãYHo$ AZwamoYde namojmnamoj Ad^mgm|go {ZamH¥$V hmoZoH$sEH$ H«$s‹S>m h¡. Cgr Vah {df`Ho$ BX©{JX© aho AmdaUm|‘|go {df`H$s ^r PbH$àH$Q> H$aZoH$mo Hw$N> Z Hw$N> H$mb-H$‘©-ñd^mdHo$ AZwamoYde H«$s‹S>m MbVrahVr h¡. AÝ`Wm gd©Wm AZdJV AZmH$m§{jV AX² wV `m A{ZîQ> {df`m|Ho$AmH$pñ‘H$ namojmnamoj {dkmZH$s gå^mdZm hr àH$Q> hmo Zht nmVr EVmdVm{gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ àË oH$ dñVw kmZ{df` ~Z H$a {df`r kmZHo$ gmW Ow‹S>ZmMmhVr h¡ Am¡a àË oH$ MoVZm AmË‘aV ahZoHo$ ~Om` ko mW©{df{Ùr ~ZZmMmhVr h¡. `{X `h H«$s‹S>m MH«$dV² Z¡aÝV © {b o hþdo Z hmoVr, Vmo g^rHo$ {b ogrYr F$OwaoImHo$ ê$n‘| {Z{d©H$ën g‘m{YH$s AdñWmH$mo nm boZm EH$ gwb^{g{Õ hr hmo OmVr {ZîH$f©V`m ""àË`jmZw y{V {df` Am¡a {df`r XmoZm|‘| {ZJy‹T>gå^mdZmHo$ Vmoana ah hþdo AZ{^ì`ŠV JwUY‘m]H$s AÝ`moÝ`gh`moJde CâZodmbrH$moB© dmñV{dH$Vm `m A{^ì`pŠV h¡'' `h {gÛ hmo OmVm h¡.

{ÛVr` àm½YmaUm :


38 39

Xygam ‘hËdnyU© nj `h ^r h¡ {H$ kmZHo$ namojmd^mgHo$ AÝ`mÝ` g^rCXmhaUm|‘| ê$ng¥pîQ> (percept) Am¡a Zm‘g¥pîQ> (concept) Ho$ ~rM àH$Q>EopÀN>H$ Û¡VH$s hr àYmZVm ahVr h¡. àË`jmd^mg‘|, O~{H$, BZ XmoZm|Ho$ ~rMnwZ… EH$ {ZJy‹T> VmXmËå`H$m AZwgÝYmZ gwb^ ~Z OmVm h¡, Š`m|{H$ àË`jmZw y{VAnZr AmÚmdñWm {Z{d©H$ënmZw y{V (sense datum) Ho$ ñVana {df`rH$sBÀN>m AmH$m§jm `m à`ËZ go {Z`VV`m OÝ` Zht hmoVr. AV… {df`rgo ~mô`mW©Z Ho$db Anamojmd^mg|{JV {XemHo$ AZwamoYde A{nVw d¡go Ad^mgà wŠVàd¥{ÎmhoVwH$ AÝ`WmZwnn{ÎmHo$ ~bna ^r ~mô`mW© Am¡a {Z{d©H$ënmZw y{V Ho$ ~rMOÝÒZH$^md {gÕ hmoVm h¡. `Ú{n ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²‘| BZ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$VmXmËå`H$m {Zê$nU `m| CnbãY hmoVm h¡ {H$-

""Ì § dm BX§ Zm‘ ê$n§ H$‘©. Vofm§ ZmåZm§ dmJ²...AVmo{h gdm©{UZm‘m{Z C{ÎmîR>pÝV... ~ô‘ EV{Õ gdm©{U Zm‘m{Z {~^{V©. AWê$nmUm§ Mjw…... AVmo{h gdm©{U ê$nm{U C{ÎmîR>pÝV... ~ô‘ EV{Õgdm©{U ê$nm{U {~^{V©. AW H$‘©Um‘² AmË‘m... AVmo{h gdm©{UH$‘m©{U C{ÎmîR>pÝV... ~«ô‘ EV{Õ gdm©{U H$‘m©{U {~^{V©. VXoVV²Ì § gX² EH$‘² A`‘² AmË‘m AmË‘m C EH$…gZ² EVV² Ì`‘².''

(~¥h.Cn.1&6&1-3).

VWm{n `hm§ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ CËWmZhoVw "C{ÎmîR>pÝV' Am¡a AmYmahoVw"{~^{V©' Ho$ gyú‘ à oX EopÀN>H$ Û¡V Am¡a ñdm^m{dH$ AÛ¡V Ho$ hr qbJ h¢.AV… ñnîQ>V`m Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©Ho$ ~rM aho Bg {ZJy‹T> Ed§ K{ZîR> ~«mpô‘H$VmXmËå`H$m AZwgÝYmZ àË`jmZw^y{V‘| eŠ` Omo ~Z OmVm h¡, dhr BgàË`jà‘mUH$m AgmYmaU ‘hËd h¡. dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| Zm‘ Am¡a ê$n H$mo,O‘©ZrHo$ gÌhdt gXrHo$ {MÝVH$ bmBßZrËµOHo$ ‘moZmS²>g²H$s Vah, AmË‘n`m©ßVg‘mZmÝVa Jdmj{dhrZ àH$moð>mon‘ Zht ‘mZm J`m h¡. Am¡a Z BZ Zm‘-ê$nm|H$moAm{dÚH$ {dH$ën hr AWm©V² A{dÚmH$pënV {‘Ï`m^mg hr. Š`m|{H$ BZH$sÌ`rH$m AmË‘V`m EH$Ëd Am¡a EH$mË‘mH$m Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©V`m {ÌËd H$ÊR>moŠV{gÕ h¡. `h VmXmËå`, Š`m|{H$, {df`Ho$ namojmd^mg‘| `Ú{n gw~moÜ` ZhthmoVm; {’$a^r, àË`jmZw y{V EH$ Eogm à`mJamO h¡ {H$ Ohm§ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©H$s

{ÌdoUrH$m n{dÌ g§J‘ hmo hr OmVm h¡. àñVwV {d‘e©Ho$ `hm§ Bg ‘wH$m‘na nhþ§MZona hr V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²‘| {Zê${nV

""gmo AH$m‘`V "~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o ' B{V... g... BX§ gd©‘² Ag¥OV. `{XX§{H$ÄM... gÀM Ë`ÀM A^dV², {ZéŠVÄM A{ZéŠVÄM, {Zb`ZÄMA{Zb`ZÄM, gË`ÄM AZ¥VÄM gË`‘² A^dV². {XX§ {H$ÄM VV² "gË`‘²'B{V AmMjVo'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6) Cg na‘ VËdH$s {déÕY‘m©l`VmH$m gË`mnZeŠ` ~Z OmVm h¡.

V¥Vr` àm½YmaUm : ‘hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©Ho$ AmË‘O lr{dÆ>bZmW à^wMaUÛmam dmëb^

doXmÝVHo$ Zm‘m{^YmZmW© à`wŠV "gmH$ma~«ô‘dmX' nXHo$ A{^àm`H$m {d‘e©H$aZona "~«ô‘'nX {Ì{dY An[apÀN>ÝZVmH$m md Úmo{VV H$aVm h¡ naÝVw "gmH$ma'nXgo {déÕY‘©H$m ^md Úmo{VV hmoVm h¡. O¡gm {H$ ‘hmà w ñd § ^r H$hVo h¢""~«ô‘{U {déÕY‘m©… gÝVr{V kmnZmW©‘² Amh "AZÝV‘y{V© VX² ~«ô‘ Hy$Q>ñW§Mb‘od M {déÕgd©Y‘m©Um‘² Aml`mo wŠË`JmoMa‘²' AZÝVm… ‘yV© mo `ñ`(VX²) ~«ô‘ EH§$ ì`mnH§$ M. VoZ AZoH$Ëd‘² EH$Ëd§ M {Zê${nV‘²''(V.Xr.{Z.à.1&71) AV… AmYw{ZH$ gyú‘O¡{dH${dkmZHo$ (Microbiology) Ho$EH$H$moer` OrdmUw (protoplasmic cell) ‘m°S>bna Hw$N> H$hZm hmo Vmo `hH$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ "gmH$ma' nX~mo{YV na~«ô‘ ^JdmZ² nwéfmoÎm‘ lrH¥$îUNucleus Ho$ O¡go hmoVo h¢. Bgr Vah "~«ô‘'nX~mo{YV {Ì{dY An[apÀN>ÝZVm/ì`mnH$VmH$mo "Aja~«ô‘' H$hm J`m h¡. `h EH$H$moer` OrdmUw‘| Cytoplasm

H$s Vah hmoVm h¡. `ht Zm^rH$s` gË`g§H$ën VWm gd©^dZgm‘Ï`© ÛmamAmË‘ÛoYmnmXZ (splitting of cell) H$s à{H«$`m gånÝZ hmoVr h¡. 7 gpÀMXmZÝXê$nAja~«ô‘H$s nÄM{dYVm H$mb-H$‘©-ñd^md-àH¥${V-nwéfV`m {Zê${nV hþ rh¡. BZ‘| àH¥${V gËdaOñV‘moJwUm|H$s gmå`mdñWmê$nm gX§e hmoVr h¡. ‘hX²(ì`pîQ>{MÎmm|H$s g‘pîQ>), Ah§H$ma (ì`pîQ>{H«$`mepŠVAm|H$s g‘pîQ>). Bg Vahò h‘mao ^rVa àË`jmonH$aU ‘Z ~w{Õ BpÝÐ` VÝ‘mÌm nÄM‘hm^yVm|Ho$AdmÝVamonmXmZH$maUê$n ~ZVo h¢. AmZÝXm§eHo$ {Vamo^mdnyd©H$ OrdMoVZmH$sg‘pîQ>H$mo nwéf ‘mZm J`m h¡. `h gmamH$m gmamH$m AmË‘{d^mOZ cytoplasm

Ho$ O¡go Aja~«ô‘mË‘H$ àH$moîR>‘| gånÝZ hmoVm ‘mZm J`m h¡. BZ‘| Nucleus


40 41

ñWmZr` nwéfmoÎm‘H$mo gd©ñVw{df`H$ ñdm^m{dH$=AZm¡nm{YH$ kmZgo gd©Xm wŠV‘mZm J`m h¡. `h ñd^md{gÛ gd©kVm, {H$ÝVw, OrdMoVZm‘| AmZÝXm§eHo${VamoYmZde {Vamo{hV hmo OmVr ‘mZr J`r h¡. AV… ~«ô‘Ho$ {MX§em|‘| MoVZmH$mñdê$n {Z{d©f`H$ M¡VÝ`dV² hmo OmVm h¡. ~mX‘| ~«ô‘Ho$ hr gX§e yV àmH¥$V {MÎmAh§H$ma ‘Z BpÝÐ` VÝ‘mÌm ~w{Õ Am{X Cnm{Y`m| `m CnH$aUm| Ho$ gh`moJdehr dh OrdMoVZm nwZ… g{df`H$ kmZdmZ² kmVm ~Z nmVr h¡. AV… {Ogo h‘"{df`r' H$hVo-g‘PVo h¢ dh MoVZ¡H$ag `m ~moY¡H$ag (homogeneously

cognisant spitit) Z hmo H$a MoVZmMoVZ VËdm|H$m g§KmV hmoVm h¡. {ZîH$f©V`m{Ogo h‘ àË`jmonbpãY g‘PVo h¢, Cgo ^r MoVZmMoVZg§KmV‘| K{Q>V hmoZodmbrEH$ {dbjU KQ>ZmHo$ ê$n‘| {ZhmaZm Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡. AV… h‘mar àË`jmonbpãY^r h‘mam ghO gm‘Ï © Z hmo H$a {df`rHo$ KQ>H$ MoVZmMoVZ CnmXmZm|H$mg§KmVmonm{YH$ gm‘Ï © hr hmoVm h¡. AV… g§KmVmonmXmZ yV VËdm|H$s n[apÀN>ÝZgm‘Ï ©Ho$ AZwê$n n[apÀN>ÝZ gm‘Ï © ^r dhm§ AZwŠV{gÕ hr hmo OmVm h¡.

o Vmo àË`jmZw y{VHo$ {gÕmÝVm{^‘V ñdê$nHo$ ~mao‘| VËd‘r‘m§gH$s` `mnam^m¡{VH$s (metaphysical) àm½YmaUmE§ h¢. kmZ‘r‘m§gH$s` (episemological)

àm½YmaUm|na ^r Wmo‹S>m gm ÑpîQ>nmV Ano{jV h¡.

MVwW© àm½YmaUm : h g‘yMm {Zê$nU lr‘X² mJdVV¥Vr`ñH$ÝYHo$ N>ã~rgd| AÜ`m`Ho$ AmYmana

hr àñWmZaËZmH$aH$maZo ^r {H$`m h¡. AV… {dñVmanyd©H$ Vmo dht XoI boZmCnH$maH$ hmoJm. {’$a^r Wmo‹S>r gr ê$naoIm `hm§ ^r Xr Om gH$Vr h¡.

h‘ XoI MwHo$ h¢ {H$ OrdMoVZmH$m gmjmV² gånH©$ {Og àmH¥${VH$ VËdHo$gmW Ow‹S>Vm h¡, Cgo "‘hV²' m "{MÎm' H$hm J`m h¡. BgHo$ ~mao‘| mJdVH$m[aH$mH$sgw~mo{YZr‘| ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ {H$ {MÎm dh nXmW© h¡ Omo gX§e‘| àH$Q>r àH$memon‘{MX§eHo$ à{V àmW{‘H$s, Xn©U `m Ho$‘oam‘| âr OmZodmbr (photosenstivie

reel) Ho$ O¡gr, M¡VÝ`Ho$ J«hU Am¡a Cgo àH$Q> H$aZoH$s gm‘Ï`© h¡. Bgo~«ô‘mÊS>H$s A§Hw$amdñWmHo$ ê$n‘| {Zê${nV {H$`m J`m h¡. Bg {MÎm‘| go Omo{ÛVr` VËd àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ dh {H«$`mepŠV‘mZ² Ah§H$ma h¡. Bg‘| {ZOmonmXmZHo$JwUHo$ Abmdm {H«$`mepŠVH$m ^r d¡{eîQ²>ç CëboIZr` h¡. AWm©V² A~ {MÎm Z

Ho$db M¡VÝ`H$mo AnZo ^rVa à{V’${bV H$a nmVm h¡ A{nVw Ah§H$mamË‘Zmn[aUV {MÎm à{V{H«$`m ^r àH$Q> H$aZo bJ OmVm h¡. h‘ XoI MwHo$ h¢ {H${MÎmH$mo A§Hw$amon‘ ‘mZm J`m gmo Ah§H$mamË‘Zm g{H«$` hmo nmZoHo$ H$maU A~Cg‘| Z Ho$db M¡VÝ` A{nVw {dídHo$ ‘ybm§Hw$a‘| ahr gyú‘mdñWmJV {d{dYZm‘-ê$n-H$‘m}dmbo ‘Z BpÝÐ` Am¡a VÝ‘mÌmAm| Ho$ à{V g^mZVm VWm gMoîQ>Vm^r àH$Q> hmo nmVr h¡. Am¡a Bg Vah do ñWyb^mdmnÝZ hmo OmVo h¢. eãX ñne©ê$n ag JÝY VÝ‘mÌmE§ hr KZr yV hmo H$a AmH$me dm w VoO Ob Am¡a n¥{WdrHo$ ê$nm|‘| n[aUV hmo OmVo h¢ ‹8. BgH$m gw{deX {Zê$nU Vmo AmH$a J«ÝW‘| hrAdbmoH$Zr` h¡. {’$a^r `hm§ CgHo$ ñWmbrnwbmH$Ý`mòZ {Zê$nUH$m ‘w»`à`moOZ `h {XIbmZm h¡ {H$ H¡$go EH$‘odm{ÛVr` gpÀMXmZÝXHo$ gX§e Am¡a{MX§e AnZo ‘m¡{bH$ ê$n‘| EH$ag (homogeneous) hmoZona r AmË‘{d^mOZ(self-splitting) Ûmam {^ÝZag (heterogeneous) ~Z OmVo h¢. BZ{^ÝZag^mdmnÝZ gX§e Am¡a {MX§e Ho$ nañna g§hV hmo H$a EH$-XygaoHo$ à{V{H«$`m-à{V{H«$`merb hmoZona OrdemñÌr` mitotic Am¡a meiotic

AmË‘{d^mOZnyd©H$ CÎmamoÎma {dH$mg ^r eŠ` ~Z OmVm h¡.

EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ Zm‘H$s ~moYmË‘H$Vm Am¡a ê$nH$s O‹S>mË‘H$VmAmË‘{d^mOZH$s OrdemñÌr`H$ à{H«$`m gÑe EH$ à{H«$`m h¡. AV… BZ XmoZm|Ho$~rM aho d¡ê$ß`Ho$ {VbH$m Vm‹S> ~Zm H$a {Z{d©H$ënH$ àË`j Am¡a g{dH$ënH$àË`j ‘| AÝ`VaHo$ njnmVr ~Z H$a {H$gr EH$VaHo$ àË`m»`mZH$mo dmëb^doXmÝVm{^‘V àm½YmaUmAm|Ho$ {d‘e© H$aZona AZmdí`H$ {gÕ {H$`m Om gH$Vmh¡. AVEd {df`‘| {df`r Am¡a {df`r‘| {df` AmoVàmoV ‘mZo J o h¢. {ZîH$f©V`m~mô` ê$n AmÝVa Zm‘H$m CX²~moYH$ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a AmÝVa Zm‘ ~mô` ê$nm|Ho${dH$ënm|H$m AdJmhZ H$amVm h¡. Bg à{H«$`mH$m gdm©{YH$ àñ’w$Q>Z àË`jmZw y{V‘|hr gå^d hmoZogo kmZ‘r‘m§gH$s` àm½YmaUmAm|Ho$ AmYmana ^r gX§e-{MX§eH$m,Zm‘-ê$nH$m; Ed§, AZw y{V VWm g§ñH$ma H$m n{dÌ g§J‘ñWb hmoZoHo$ H$maU hràË`j à‘mUV`m r AmXaUr` hmoVm hr h¡. AV… {dewÕM¡VÝ` Am¡a Zm‘ê$nH$‘©;AWdm Vmo, Zm‘ `m ê$nHo$ ~rM ^r {H$gr EH$H$mo AZmdí`H$ hr A{dídgZr`,{‘Ï`m `m AgV² ‘mZZm dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo lwË`m{X emñÌm|Ho$ A{^àoVmW©V`mAmdí`H$ Zht bJVm.


42 43

nÄM‘ àm½YmaUm : h‘ XoI Am o {H$ àW‘ ~«mpô‘H$ gX§e àH¥${V JwUÌ`rH$s gmå`mdñWm h¡.

CÝht VrZm| JwUm|H$s gmå`mdñWm‘| H$mbH¥$V JwUjmo demV² àH$Q> hþdm d¡få` `hg‘yMm ‘hXm{X nÄM yVmÝV àmH¥$V {dH$ma h¡. AVEd ànÄMH$s N>moQ>r hmo `m~‹S>r àËòH$ KQ>ZmAm|‘| JwUÌ`rH$m d¡få` AZwñ`yV ahVm h¡. n[aUm‘V…{Z{d©H$ënH$mZw y{VHo$ ~mX ~w{Õ‘| gmpËdH$mdñWmHo$ à~b hmoZona AÜ`dgm`mH$maH$namojmnamoj ^mZ hmoVm h¡. amOgmdñWmHo$ à~b hmoZona g§e`mH$maH$ kmZ àH$Q>hmoVm h¡9. BgH$m r gw{deX {ddoMZ "à‘o aËZmU©d' Zm‘H$ J«ÝWHo$ "ànÄM{ddoH$'Am¡a "»`m{V{ddoH$' Zm‘H$ àH$aUm |‘ | VWm àñWmZaËZmH$a Ho$ ^rà‘mñdê$n~moYm¡n{`H$-kmZ oXmon oX{Zê$nH$ H$ëbmobHo$ {ÛVr` V¥Vr` VWm MVwW©Va§Jmo‘| hþdm hr h¡. `hm§ BgHo$ CëboIH$m à`moOZ Vmo Ho$db BVZm hr h¡ {H$àË`jmZw y{V ñd § AZw y{VHo$ ñVana à‘mH$m[aH$m g§e`mH$m[aH$m `m «‘mH$m[aH$mHw$N> ^r hmo gH$Vr h¡. Š`m|{H$ ~w{ÕH$m H$m`©, lr‘X²^mJdVV¥Vr`ñH$ÝYHo$nydm}ŠV AÜ`m`‘|, ~w{ÕH$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþdo `m| H$hm J`m h¡ {H$""g‘ZñHo$pÝÐ`m|‘| Ðì`Ho$ ñ’w$[aV hmoZona, AWm©V² gm‘mÝ`kmZHo$ gånÝZ hmoZona,Cgo {deofkmZ‘| n ©d{gV H$aZodmbr ~w{Õ hmoVr h¡.'' 10 AV… àË`jà‘m ZHo$db ~wÕçm{lVm KQ>Zm hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Z Ho$db BpÝÐ`m{lVm hr; àË wV, BpÝÐÀm¡a ~w{Õ C^`m{lVm KQ>Zm h¡. AVEd O¡go gd©Wm BpÝÐ`m|go AJmoMa dñVwHo$~mao‘| ~w{Õ àË`jà‘m àH$Q> Zht H$a nmVr, d¡go hr ~w{Õgo gd©Wm AJ¥hrVAWdm gd©Wm AJ«mô` `m Agå^mì` dñVwAm|Ho$ ~mao‘| BpÝÐ`m§ ^r ghgmàË`jà‘m àH$Q> H$aZo‘| gj‘ Zht hmo nmVr h¢. Bgo AmYw{ZH$ ‘Zmo{dkmZZo ^rAZoH$ à`moJm|Ûmam {gÕ {H$`m h¡. {ZîH$f©V`m nwZ… XmohamZm Mmh|Jo {H$ ""àË`jmZw y{VXm oZm |‘| {ZJy ‹T> gå^mdZmHo$ Vm oana aho hþdo AZ{^ì`ŠV JwUY‘m]H$sAÝ`moÝ`gh`moJde CâZodmbr H$moB© dmñV{dH$Vm `m A{^ì`pŠV h¡'' AñVw.

(g§J{V) àË`jà‘mHo$ ~mao‘| BZ g¡ÕmpÝVH$ àm½YmaUmAm|H$m {dh§JmdbmoH$Z H$a

boZona Hw$N> ‘hËdnyU© g§J{VAm|H$m {dMma H$a boZm Bg {df`‘| àg§JmonmÎm hmoJm.

(1)lr‘X²^mJdVHo$ n yd ©{Z{X ©îQ > ""‘hV²-VËdmX² {dHw$dm©UmX²^JdX²dr ©gå^dmV² {H«$`mepŠV… Ah§H$ma… {Ì{dY… g‘nÚV, d¡H$m[aH$…V¡OgíM Vm‘gíM `Vmo ^dmo ‘ZgíM BpÝÐ`mUmÄM yVmZm§ ‘hVm‘{n''(^mJ.nwam.3&26&23-24) Bg dMZ‘| Ah§H$maH$mo {H«$`mepŠV‘mZ² ‘mZm J`mh¡. VWm Bgr‘|go ‘Z BpÝÐ`m| Am¡a VÝ‘mÌmAm| H$s CËn{Îm ñdrH$mar J`r h¡. d¡goVmo gd©Ì CnmXmZH$maUHo$ JwU CnmXo` H$m`©‘| AZwJV hmoVo h¢. AV…{MÎmmonmXmZH$Vmde BpÝÐ`m|‘| kmZepŠV Am¡a Ah§H$mamonmXmZH$Vmde {H«$`mepŠV`m| gmjmV²/naåna`m {Û{dY epŠV`m|H$m AZwJ‘ ‘Z VWm BpÝÐ`m|‘| ‘mZm J`mh¡. gmW hr gmW BpÝÐ`m|‘| nm§M kmZopÝÐ` Am¡a nm§M H$‘}pÝÐ` `m| {d^Á`mZwJ{V^r {Zê${nV hþ r h¡. AVEd ""EH$mXem… AmgZ² ‘Zgmo{h d¥Îm`… AmHy$V`…nÄM {Y`mo A{^‘mZ…'' (^mJ.nwam.5&11&9) dMZ‘| "" "AmHy${V'5 + "Yr'5

+ "A{^‘mZ'1 = 11 ‘Zmod¥{Îm`m§'' Eogm g‘rH$aU ^r H$ÊR>moŠV h¡. gmW hrgmW ""dmM{ZHo$ emñÌo dmM{ZŠ od ì`dñWm'' C{MV hmoVr h¡, {’$a^r ‘ZH$mo,Š`m|{H$ ½`mahH$s ½`mah BpÝÐ`m|H$m àoaH$ AYrída ‘mZZoHo$ gmW-gmW JdX²JrVm‘|""‘Z…fîR>m{Z BpÝÐ`m{U'' (^J.JrVm.15&7) dMZ‘| BpÝÐ`ê$n ^r ‘mZmJ`m h¡. AV… Ano{jV ~mah g§»`mH$m AZwëboI Bg VÏ`H$s Am¡a B§{JV H$aVmh¡ {H$ g§»`m A{Z`VV`m `WmgÝX © gmnoj hmoVr h¡ EoH$mpÝVH$ Zht. EVmdVmg§KmVñd^md, kmZ, BÀN>m Am¡a à`ËZ Ho$ AmYrZ g^r BpÝÐ`m|H$s MoîQ>mAZw d{gÕ hmoZogo H$‘}pÝÐ`m|‘| ^r {H$gr àH$maH$s AZw y{V Am¡a kmZopÝÐ`m|‘| ^r{H$gr àH$maH$m H$‘© ^r Š`m| ñdrH$mam Zht Om gH$Vm?

CXmhaUV`m dm{JpÝÐ` Am¡a agZopÝÐ` Ho${bò ‘wI‘| EH$ hr {OôdmC^`{dY epŠVAm|go gånÝZ ahVr h¡. nmUrpÝÐ` d¡go EH$ H$‘}pÝÐ` hmoVr h¡naÝVw Ðì`Ho$ JwéËdHo$ kmZmW© dh kmZopÝÐ`H$m H$m © r H$aVr hr h¡. nm ynñWopÝÐ`m§^r H$‘}pÝÐ`m§ h¡ {’$a^r ‘b‘yÌm{XH$s doJ~mYm Am¡a doJmone‘ Ho$ A{^kmZmW©kmZopÝÐ`m|H$m H$m‘ ^r H$aVr hr h¢. Bgr Vah MaU H$‘}pÝÐ`m§ hmoZona ^rYmdZl‘ Am¡a l‘mone‘ Ho$ {dkmZmW© kmZopÝÐ`m|H$m H$m © ^r {Z^mVo hr h¢. BgrVah kmZopÝÐ`m|Ho$ AÝVJ©V Mjw d¡go ê$nm{X àË`jH$s H$aU h¡ naÝVw nyd©-npíM‘-CÎma-X{jU-D$Üd©-AYmo {XemAm|Ho$ {ZarjUmW© dh H$‘}pÝÐ`H$s Vah^r ~aVVr h¢. àH$me~mhþë` VWm àH$me‘mÝÚ Ho$ AZwê$n ZoÌJmobH$Ho$ ^rVa


44 45

AÝVn©Q>bH$mo (iris) g§Hw${MV/{dH${gV H$aZoH$s {H«$`m H$‘}pÝÐ`dV² hr MjwgånÝZ H$aVr h¡. Zm{gH$m EH$m{H$Zr hr JÝYJ«hU VWm ídgZr` dm wHo$ nyaU-aoMZH$s {H«$`m ^r H$aVr hr h¡. `m| XmoZm| hr H$m © H$aVr h¡. H$U}pÝÐ`Ho$ H$U©eyn©`Ú{n ‘Zwî``mo{Z‘| ~mô` H$‘© Zht H$aVo naÝVw newAm|‘| Vmo ñnîQ>V`m Üd{ZòmoVH$s{Xem‘| H$U}pÝÐ`MmbZÛmam ldUmonH$aU ~ZVo CÝh| XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡. agZopÝÐ`Ho${b o r H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ bmbmag CËnÝZ H$aZoH$s {H«$`m Z H$ao Vmo AmñdmXZmW©^r g‘W© dh Zht hmo nmVr. Bgr Vah Ëd{JpÝÐ` r H$Q>-’$Q> OmZona nwZ…gÝYmZH$s{H«$`m H$aVr hr h¡. Bggo {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ BZ BpÝÐ`m|Ho$ kmZmonH$aU VWmH$‘m}nH$aU hmoZoHo$ à oX ""àmYmÝ oZ ì`nXoem… ^dpÝV'' Ý`m`H$m AZwgaU h¡Z{H$ {H$gr EH$Va‘| AÝ`VaHo$ AmË`pÝVH$ A^mdHo$ de. EVmdVm {gÕ hmoVmh¡ {H$ Ho$db H$‘© hr BÀN>mVÝÌ Zht hmoVm A{nVw àË`jmZw y{V ^r BÀN>mVÝÌhmoVr h¡. d¡go ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm © H$hVo h¢ {H$-

""H$V©ìò {h {dfò Z AZw^dmnojm AñVr{V lwË`mXrZm‘odàm‘mÊ § ñ`mV², nwéfmYrZmË‘bm^ËdmV² M H$V©ì`ñ`. H$Vw©‘² AH$Vw©‘²AÝ`Wm dm H$Vwª eŠ § bm¡{H$H§$ d¡{XH§$ M H$‘©. `Wm AídoZ JÀN>{VnX²ä`m‘² AÝ`Wm dm Zdm JÀN>{V B{V. VWm "A{VamÌo fmoS>{fZ§J¥ôUm{V Zm{VamÌo fmoS>{fZ§ J¥ôUm{V', "C{XVo Owhmo{V AZw{XVoOwhmo{V' B{V. ZVw dñVw Ed§/Z¡d‘² ApñV/ZmpñV B{V dm {dH$ëß`Vo.{dH$ënZmñVw nwéf~wÕçnojm…. Z dñVw mWmËå`kmZ§ nwéf~wÕçnoj‘².{H$ÝV{h©? dñVwVÝÌ‘od VV², Z{h ñWmUm¡ EH$pñ‘Z² ñWmUw… dm nwéfmodm B{V VËdkmZ§ ^d{V. VÌ nwéfmo dm AÝ`mo dm B{V {‘Ï`mkmZ‘².ñWmUwaod B{V VËdkmZ§ dñVwVÝÌËdmV².''

(~«.gy.^m.1&1&2).

lwË`m{X emñÌm|‘| Ohm§ ""Ëd§ ñÌr Ëd§ nw‘mZ² A{g Ëd§ Hw$‘ma… CV dmHw$‘mar... Ëd§ OmVmo ^d{g {dídVmo‘wI…'' (ídoVm.Cn.4&3) ""EH$EdAp½Z… ~hþYm g{‘Õ…, EH$… gy m} {díd‘² AZwà yV…, EH¡$d Cfm… gd©‘² BX§{d^m{V, EH§$ dm BX§ {d~ yd gd©‘²'',""nwéfEd BX§ X² yV§ ÀM ì`‘²''(F$Šg§{h.8&58&2,10&90&2) O¡go dMZ CnbãY hmoVo h¢ dhm§ Ed§H$s AZod§VmHo$

AWdm EH$H$s AZoH$VmHo$ à{VnmXZH$mo g§e` `m «mpÝV H$m OZH$ ‘mZm ZhtOm gH$Vm. ñd § ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©Ho$ ^r-

""ÑîQ>íM bmoHo$ {ddjmV… eãXà`moJ… "J«m‘… AmJV…', "J«m‘…eyÝ`…' B{V. H$Xm{MX² "J«m‘'eãXoZ {Zdmg‘mÌ{ddjm`m§ "J«m‘… eyÝ`…'B{V eãXà`moJmo ^d{V. H$Xm{MX² {Zdm{gOZ{ddjm`m§ "J«m‘… AmJV…'B{V. H$Xm{MX² C^`{ddjm`m‘{n "J«m‘'eãXà`moJmo "J«m‘§ Z à{deoX²'B{V.''

""Vñ‘mV² Vm{H©$H$MmQ>^Q>amOm@àdoí`‘² A^`§ XwJ©‘² BX‘²Aën~wÕçJå § emñÌJwéàgmXa{hV¡… M "VX² EO{V VX² Z EO{V VÔÿaoVXw ApÝVHo$ BË`m{X{déÕY‘©g‘dm{`ËdàH$meH$‘ÝÌdU}ä`… M.''

(~¥h.Cn.^m.1&4&7,2&1&20).

Eogo CX²Jmam|H$m {d‘e© H$aZona Eogm àVrV Zht hmoVm {H$ à‘mË‘H$ ~moYEoH$mpÝVH$V`m dñVwVÝÌ hr hmoVm h¡. AÝ`Wm OrdmË‘m Am¡a ~«ô‘ Ho$ AmË`pÝVH$oXd{O©V hmoZona ^r ~«ô‘Ho$ à‘mË‘H$ gmjmËH$maHo$ hoVw ldU ‘ZZ {Z{XÜ`mgZ

O¡gr BÀN>mVÝÌ {H«$`mAm|H$m AZmdí`H$ hmoZm A{YH$ C{MV hmoVm.

lr‘X² JdX²JrVmHo$, naÝVw, ""AÑîQ>nydª ö{fVmo Apñ‘ ÑîQ²>dm ^ oZ Màì`{WV§ ‘Zmo ‘o VXod Xe© , Xod, ê$n§'' (^J.JrVm.11&45) dMZ‘| JdmZ²Ho$‘mZwf ê$n Am¡a {damQ²> ê$n XmoZm|Ho$ Xe©Z AOw©ZH$mo AnZr BÀN>m `m Aä`W©ZmHo$ AmYmana BVaoVa{dH$ënV`m hþdo. EVmdVm àË`jmZw y{VH$mo r EoH$mpÝVH$V`mdñVwVÝÌ Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡. AÝ`Wm `mo{JàË`jH$mo AàË`j ‘mZZmn‹S>oJm. AVEd CÝZrgdt gXrHo$ O‘©ZrHo$ bwS²>{dJ² {dQ²>JÝñQ>rZ² r {Z{d©H$ënmZw y{VAm¡a àË`` Ho$ ~rM VmaVå` {XIbmVo hþdo H$hVo h¢ ""Sensation givesknowledge about external world... Images tell us nothing, eitherright or wrong, about external world (Images are not hallucination,nor yet fancies). While I am looking at an object I Cannotimagine it... Images are subject to will''12 Bgo do AYmo{Z{X©îQ> AmH¥${VÛmamg‘PmVo h¢ :-


46 47

dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s ÑpîQ>Ho$ AZwgma naÝVw `h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$A{ZÀN>mVÝÌ H$ënZmHo$ H$maU CËnÝZ hmoVr àVr{V ~hþYm ‘m{`H$s hr hmoVr h¡.^mdmZwê$n àVr{VH$m, {H$ÝVw, AdmñV{dH$ hmoZm Amdí`H$ Zht, `{X dñVw‘|^mdmZwgaUgm‘Ï`© hmo Vmo. lr‘X²^mJdV‘|, AVEd, AmVm h¡ {H$ ""Ëd§^md`moJn[a^m{dVöËgamoO Amñgo lwVo{jVnWmo ZZw, ZmW, nw§gm§ ÚX²{Y`mV CéJm` {d^md`pÝV VÎmX²dnw… àU`go gXZwJ«hm`'' (^mJ.nwam.3&9&11).g§JrVemñÌHo$ gßVñdam|‘| go {H$gr ^r EH$ ñdaHo$ ~mao‘| Jm`H$Ho$ AnZoH$ÊR>ñd^mdHo$ AZwamoYde ñdoÀN>`m fS²>O^md ñWm{nV H$a boZona Ad{eîQ>g^r F$f^ JÝYma ‘Ü`‘ nÄM‘ Y¡dV {ZfmX ñda lw{VJmoMa hmoZo bJVo h¢,""fQ²>Ëgw Om`VB{V fS²>O…'' ì wËn{ÎmHo$ AZwê$n. BÝh| Ho$db B‘oOHo$ ê$n‘|A~mô` ‘mZ H$a Inm`m Zht Om gH$Vm Jm`Ho$Va lmoVm Bgo AnZo H$Um]ÛmamgmjmV² gwZ gH$Vm h¡. AVEd H$‘© Am¡a kmZ Ho$ ~rM BÀN>mVÝÌ Am¡a dñVwVÝÌhmoZoH$m à oX ^r AmË`pÝVH$ {Z`{V Zht h¢. dmëb^ doXmÝV H$‘© Am¡a kmZXmoZm|H$mo ~«ô‘mpË‘H$m epŠV`m|H$m AZw md hr ‘mZVm h¡ Am¡a nañnamonH$maH$^r13 AñVw.

(2)EH$ Am¡a {df` àË`jmZw y{VH$s MMm©Ho$ AÝVJ©V `hm§ CëboIZr`bJVm h¡ {H$ lr‘X² mJdVHo$ CpëbpIV ñWbna hr ""Ðì`mH¥${VËd§ JwUVmì`pŠVg§ñWmËd‘od M VoOñËd§ VoOg…... ê$n‘mÌñ` d¥Îm`…'' (^mJ.nwam.3&26&39) H$m[aH$mH$s gw~mo{YZr‘| ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ :

""Ðì`ñ` KQ>mXo… `m AmH¥${V g¡d ê$nñ`, n¥Ww~wÜZmoXamH$ma§ê$n‘{n AmVmZ{dVmZmË‘H§$ M. "Ðì`ñ od AmH¥${V…' B{V Ðì`ñ`

Z Cn‘o`Ëd‘² AVmo ê$nñ`¡d bjU‘². "JwUVm' B{V gd©XmCngO©ZV`m àVr{V…. Z ¡d § eãXm{Xfw, ñdVÝÌV`m{nàVr`‘mZËdmV². ì`ŠVo… g§ñWod g§ñWm `ñ`. `{X ì`pŠV… dH«$m^d{V ê$n‘{n dH«§$ ^do{X{V. Cn{dîQ>o ê$nd{V ê$n‘{n Cn{dîQ>§^d{V. AmVmZ{dVmZmË‘H$g§Hw$MrH$aU`mo… ôXmV². VoOgíMVoOñËd§ ê$nVÝ‘mÌËd§ gyú‘mdñWm... ê$nVÝ‘mÌñ` gd©JVê$nñ`dm MVòmo d¥Îm`…. VoOgmo bjUm{Z Amh "ÚmoVZ§ nmMZ§ nmZ‘XZ§{h‘‘X©Z§ VoOgmo d¥Îm`ñVw EVm… emofU§ jwV² V¥So>d M' ÚmoVZ§gy`m©Xo[ad.''

(gw~mo.3&26&39-40).

Bg AmMm ©dMZHo$ {d‘e© H$aZona Eogm Zht bJVm {H$ ê$nHo$ MmjwfàË`jmW© ZoÌ{H$aUm|H$m ZoÌm|go ~{h{Z©…gaU Am¡a {df`Xoe n`©ÝV J‘Z H$aàmß`H$mar hmoZm A{Zdm © hmo. AmYw{ZH$ wJ‘| EH$sH¥$V BboŠQ>mo‘o½Zo{Q>H$ Va§J{dñVmaHo${gÕmÝV (The unified theory of electromagnetic field) Ho$ AZwgmaMjwJ«m©ô` àH$me Vmo ê$nÚmoVZj‘ {H$aUm|Ho$ à oXmo‘| EH$ AVrd jwÐm§e hmoVmh¡. AmYw{ZH$ wJ‘| ‘mZdMjwgo AJ«mô` EŠgao BÝ’«$maoS²> AëQ´>mdm`moboQ²> Üd{ZVa§JHo$ J«mhH$ CnH$aUm| Abmdm CîUVmJ«mhH$ CnH$aUm|go ^r ê$nmH¥${VH$m J«hUeŠ` hmo J`m h¡. AV… Z Vmo gy`©Ho$ MjwJ«m©ô` àH$me{H$aUm|H$s Am¡a ZVWmH${WV ZoÌ{H$aUm|H$s hr H$moB© A{Zdm © Amdí`H$Vm A~ ê$nJ«hUmW© ñdrH$marOm gH$Vr h¡.

AgH¥$V² ñdrH¥${VÛmam h‘ `h Vmo ñnîQ> H$a hr MwHo$ h¢ {H$ dmëb^ doXmÝVemñÌì`m»`mê$n {MÝVZ h¡ Z{H$ Vm{H©$H$ CËàojmê$n. Am¡a àñWmZaËZmH$aH$maHo$emñÌmdJmhZgo A{YH$ `m VËg‘ emñÌmdJmhZH$s H$Wm Vmo Xya, CZHo$emñÌmdJmhZH$s VwbZm‘| AnZm EH$MVwWmªe ^r emñÌmdJmhZ àñVwV boIH$H$mhmo Vmo AnZo-AmnH$mo H¥$VH¥$Ë` ‘mZ boVm {’$a^r ""Z^…nVpÝV AmË‘g‘§nVpËÌUmo'' Ý`m oZ Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ H$Xm{MV² Mmjwf{H$aUm|Ho$ ~{h{Z©J©‘ZH$m{gÕmÝV lwË`m{X emñÌ{gÕ Z hmo H$a àñWmZaËZmH$aH$maH$s EH$ H$m‘MbmCCËàojm hr h¡. AV… àñWmZaËZmH$aH$ma ^r Ý`m` Am{X ‘Vm|H$s Vah CgrHo$


48 49

ghmao Mmjwf àË`jH$s ì`m»`m H$aZo‘| H$ënZmbmKd ‘mZ H$a AJ«ga hþdo h¢.AÝ`Wm Xn©U‘| Vmo Z`Z{H$aUm|H$m namd¥V hmo H$a ñd‘wIJ«hU H$aZm eŠ` ^rhmo, VmdVm Ho$‘oam‘| ~mô` Ñí`H$m à{V’${bV hmo OmZm gy ©{H$aUm|H$s ê$ndmhH$VmHo${~Zm H$W‘{n CnnÝZ hmo Zht gH$Vm. J«ÝWH$maH$s `h wpŠV {H$ gy ©{H$aUm|Ûmamê$nZ`Z ñdrH$maZona Ðì` ê$n{dhrZ hmo Om oJm14 ‘hmà wHo$ Bg {dYmZ {H$""KQ> Am{X Ðì`H$s Omo AmH¥${V hmoVr h¡ d¡gr hr ê$nH$s ^r. ê$n ^r KQ>H$sVah n¥Ww~wÜZmoXamH$ma hmoVm h¡. ê$n nQ> Ðì`H$s Vah AmVmZ{dVmZmË‘H$ hmoVmh¡. "Ðì`Ho$ O¡gr AmH¥${V' Eogo H$hZoHo$ H$maU Ðì`H$mo Cn‘o Zht ‘mZ boZmMm{h o. Bgo ê$nH$m bjU OmZZm Mm{h o. "JwUVm' H$hZoHo$ H$maU ê$nH$s gd©XmCngO©ZV`m àVr{V hmoVr h¡... VoOH$m bjUm|H$m {Zê$nU "ÚmoVZ Am{X VoOg²H$sd¥{Îm`m§ hmoVr h¢.... gy © O¡go ÚmoVZ H$aVm h¡'' BgHo$ gmW ‘ob ImVr hþ r ZhtJbVr h¡.

AVEd MjwJ«m©ô` ê$ndX² dñVwHo$ àË`j‘| Mjw Am¡a gy ©{H$aU H$m g§ moJ,VÎmmXmËå`mnÝZ ê$n, VÁOZH$ gy ©{H$aUm|H$m ê$ndX²Ðì`Ho$ gmW g§ moJ; Am¡a,dhm§ Cg ê$ndX²Ðì`‘| ê$nH$s VmXmËå oZ {dÚ‘mZVm m| naåna`m AZoH$gå~ÝYm|H$mD$h AH$m‘ Jbo n{VV hmoVm h¡. AVEd Eogo gå~ÝYm|H$s ^r An[aJUZmàñWmZaËZmH$a‘| `pËH$pÄMV² g§emoYZH$s Anojm aIVr h¡, `{X o n[aJ{UVgå~ÝY ñd § lwË`m{XemñÌ{gÕ m AmMm ©dMZ{gÕ Z hm| Vmo. AÝ`Wm ""dmM{ZHo$emñÌo dmM{ZŠ od ì`dñWm'' ^r h‘| gd©Xm ñdrH$m © hmoZr hr Mm{h o. àË`jV…CnnÝZ Z hmoZona àË`jVmoJ«mô` bm¡{H$H$ dñVwAm|Ho$ {H$gr Abm¡{H$H$ AmÜ`mpË‘H$`m Am{YX¡{dH$ ñdê$n{df`H$ Eogr à{H«$`m r ñdrH$mar Om gH$Vr h¡. CXmhaUV`m{ednwamU‘| h CëboI {‘bVm h¡ {H$ ""VV… gåàoú` ‘XZ§ hgZ² Xod… {Ì`å~H$…Z`ZoZ V¥Vr oZ gmdk§ V‘² Ad¡jV. VVmo Añ` ZoÌOmo dpôZ… ‘XZ§ nmíd©V…pñWV§ AXhV² VËjUmXod'' ({ednwam.1&101&40-41). AV… H$moB© ‘mnH$`ÝÌ hmo Vmo àmUrHo$ Z`Zm|‘|go ^r {Z…g¥V hmoVr CîUVmH$m ‘mnZ gd©Wm AeŠ`H$Wm Zht. {’$a^r gwXya Ñí`dñVwXoe n ©ÝV CZH$m J‘Z Hw$N> pŠbîQ>H$ënZmbJVr h¡. Eogo hr {H$gr Agm‘mÝ` `m Abm¡{H$H$ gÝX ©‘| ZoÌm|go ^r {H$aUm|H$sCnn{Îm gmoMr Om gH$Vr h¡.

(Cng§hma)

AÝV‘| AmYw{ZH$ {dkmZZo ^r àH$meH$s Va§Jê$nVm Am¡a H$UJwÀN>ê$nVm`m| {déÕY‘m©l`Vm ‘mÝ` H$s hr h¡ VmdVm h‘mar MoVZm‘| àË`jmZw y{VH$mCX²^d ^r ~«ô‘m§e^yV MoVZm‘| AZwñ`yV ~«mpô‘H$s {déÕY‘m©l`VmH$m hrAm§{eH$ AZw md h¡. AVEd ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©MaUHo$ EH$ CX²Jma-

A{MÝË`mZÝVeŠVo… VX² `X² EVX² CnnÚVo…& AVEd lwVm¡ oXm… g¥îQ>o… CŠVm… {h AZoH$Ym&&

(V.Xr.{Z.1&40)

AnZo Bg AmboIZH$m Cng§hma H$aZm Mmh|Jo {H$ àË`jmZw y{V ^r CggpÀMXmZÝX na~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUHo$ ‘ybñdê$nH$s AZw y{V Z ^rhmo Vmo Š`m hþdm? h¡ dh CgHo$ brbm{dhmaH$s AZw y{V hr B{V e‘².

gÝX^© 1 (H$)""ê$nànÄMH$aUmX² AmgŠVñdm§edmaUo lw{V‘² AmË‘àgmXm` MH$ma

AmË‘mZ‘od g…. {d{MÌmo ê$nànÄMmo, Ordm… M A§em…, AënmZm§ {d{MÌo «‘mo^dË od. AV… {ZdmaUmWª lwqV MH$ma. Vñ`m… ñdê$n‘² Amh "AmË‘mZ‘²' B{V.ZZw AÝV`m©{‘U¡d H$W§ Z {Zdm`©Vo VÌ Amh "AmË‘àgmXm`' B{V,AÝV…H$aUàgmXm`. OrdmÝV`m©{‘Um¡ nyd©‘od öX o à{dîQ>m¡, moJ^moOZmWª, VXZw moJoZ‘mbrÝ § {MÎmo OmV§ Z AÝV…pñWVoZ XyarH$Vwª eŠ`‘². AVmo ~{h…pñWVoZ àdoeg‘W}ZVX² XyarH$V©ì`{‘{V lw{V{Z‘m©U‘² B{V AW©…''(V.Xr.{Z.à.2&18-19).

(I)""eãXEd à‘mU§ VÌm{n Abm¡{H$H$kmnH$‘od. VV² ñdV…{gÕà‘mU^md§à‘mU§ doXm… gd©EdV.Xr.{Z.à.... VWmM àË`jm{Xfw «mÝVËdñ`m{n Xe©ZmV² VofwZ¡H$mpÝVH§$ àm‘mÊ`‘². AV… Vm{Z {dhm` AmßVdmŠ`ËdmX² doXmXÈd Am{Ð`ÝVoB{V AW©…. ZZw doXmXrZm§ MoV² eãXËdoZ àm‘mÊ`§ V{h© bm¡{H$Ho$@{n Vwë`§àË`jmonOrdH$ËdmV² à‘mUmÝVaVm¡ë § M BË`V… Amhþ… "VÌm{n' BË`m{X. Z{hAñ‘m{^… eãXËdoZ doXmZm§ àm‘mÊ`‘² CÀ`Vo A{nVw Abm¡{H$H$kmnH$eãXËdoZ,Am¡Ën{ÎmH$gyÌmZwamoYmV². VWm g{V `Wm Y‘} gn[aH$ao MmoXZ¡d à‘mU‘² AÌ(gn[aH$ao ~«ô‘{U) doXm{Xaod ‘mZ‘² BË`Vmo Z Vm¡ë § Zdm àË`jmonOrdH$Ëd§,Z{h doXmo{XVmo Y‘m} dm ~«ô‘ dm AÝ oZ à‘mVw§ eŠ`Vo, V`mo… VXoH$doÚËdñ ¡d


50 51

VÝ‘r‘m§gm{gÕËdmX² (V.Xr.{Z.à.Am.^.1&7). 2 ""ê$ng¥îQ²>çnoj`m Zm‘g¥pîQ>… {dbjUm. AÝVdVr ê$ng¥pîQ>… AZÝVm

Zm‘g¥pîQ>…. ñWybm ê$ng¥pîQ>… gyú‘m Zm‘g¥pîQ>…. {dH¥$Vm ê$ng¥pîQ>… A{dH¥$VmZm‘g¥pîQ>…. OS>ê$nm ê$ng¥pîQ>… ~moYê$nm Zm‘g¥pîQ>…. Ed§ MVwYm© d¡bjÊ`‘²CŠV‘²'' (gw~mo.10&13&43).

3 (H$)""gd© mo{Zfw, H$m¡ÝVo , ‘yV© … gå^dpÝV `m Vmgm§ ~«ô‘ ‘hX² `mo{Z…Ah§ ~rOàX… {nVm, gËd§ aO… V‘ B{V JwUm… àH¥${Vgå^dm… {Z~ÜZpÝV,‘hm~mhmo, Xoho Xo{hZ‘² Aì``‘². VÌ gËd§ {Z‘©bËdmV² àH$meH$‘² AZm‘ §,gwIg§JoZ ~ÜZm{V kmZg§JoZ M, AZK, aOmo amJmË‘H§$ {d{Õ V¥îUmg§Jg‘wX² d§VX² {Z~ÜZm{V, H$m¡ÝVo , H$‘©g§JoZ Xo{hZ§, V‘ñVw AkmZO§ {d{Õ ‘mohZ§ gd©Xo{hZm§à‘mXmbñ`{ZÐm{^… VX² {Z~ÜZm{V ^maV'' (^J.JrVm.14&4-8).

(I)""gd© yVofw oZ EH§$ md‘² Aì``‘² B©jVo A{d^ŠV§ {d^ŠVofw VX² kmZ§{d{Õ gmpËdH$‘². n¥WŠËdoZVw `X² kmZ§ ZmZm^mdmZ² n¥Wp½dYmZ² do{Îm gd}fw yVofwVX² kmZ§ {d{Õ amOg‘². Îmw H¥$ËñZdX² EH$pñ‘Z² H$m } gŠV‘² AhoVwH$‘² AVËdmW©dX²Aën§ M VV² Vm‘g‘² CXmöV‘².'' (^J.JrVm.18&20-22).

4 ""1.gdm©Ë‘ yV‘² A{dH¥$V§ ñdñdê$nmË‘H§$ {ZË § 2.Y‘©ê$n§ {ZË § 3.doXmË‘H§${ZË` § 4.g ¥ p îQ >~rOVm^mdmnÝZmZ oH $eãXê$n § {ZË` § 5.VV…VmÑe{Û{dYeãXmË‘H$eara{d{eîQ>‘od bmoHo$ àH$Q>r^{dVw§ bm¡{H$H§$ à‘mVma§ à‘o §M Aml`Vo. VÌ eãXeara{d{eîQ>ñ` à‘mÌmlÙ§ "ní`ÝË`m'»``m eãXmdñW`mVX²~moYH$lwË`m M Adgr`Vo. VWmM AmZw^{dH$mopŠV… "Z gmo@pñV àË``mobmoHo$ `… eãXmZwJ‘mX² F$Vo AZw{dÕ{‘d kmZ§ gdª eãXZo ^mgVo'. VÌ à‘o ml §à‘o`mZÝË`mX² AZÝV‘od... à‘mV[aVw AÝV…H$aUopÝÐ`mlÙmV² nÄMYm. VÌBpÝÐ ofw ({Z{d©H$ënH$ËdoZ) EH$Ym. AÝV…H$aUoVw MVwWm©...''(àñWmZaËZmH$an¥.2-7).

5 """`wî‘X²'-"Añ‘V²' àË``JmoMa`mo… {df`{df{Ùmo… V‘…àH$medX²{déÕñd^md`m o… BVaoVa^mdmZwnnÎmm ¡ {gÕm`m § VÕ‘m©Um‘{n gwVam‘²BVaoVa^mdmZwnn{Îm…. BË`Vmo "Añ‘V²'àË``JmoMao {df{`{U {MXmË‘Ho$" wî‘V²'àË``JmoMañ` {df`ñ` VÕ‘m©Um§ M AÜ`mg…, VX²{dn © oU {df{Ù…VÕ‘m©Um§ M {df o AÜ`mgmo {‘Ï`m B{V ^{dVw§ wŠV§; VWm{n, AÝ`moÝ`pñ‘Z²AÝ`moÝ`mË‘H$Vm‘² AÝ`moÝ`Y‘m©Z² M AÜ`ñ` BVaoVam{ddoHo$Z AË`ÝV{d{dŠV`mo…

Y‘©Y{‘©Umo… {‘Ï`mkmZ{Z{‘Îm… gË`mZ¥Vo {‘WwZrH¥$Ë` "Ah‘² BX§-‘‘ BX‘²' B{VZ¡g{J©H$mo A § bmoH$ì`dhma…''(~«.gy.em§.^m.1&1&1).

6 ""AmË‘a{V… AmË‘H«$sS>…''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&25&2). 7VwbZr`…""The cell has main two parts a nucleus, containing

the genetic material deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and asurrounding cytoplasm... The nucleus-cell headquarter governsthe major activities of the cytoplasm; its finest hour, however,comes at reproducting time, when chromosomes containing DNAsplit. It is in the cytoplasm that the cell's day-to-day business iscarried on.'' pp.14 The body by Alan E. Nourse.

8ÐîQ>ì` : gw~mo{YZr 3&26&1-72. 9ÐîQ>ì` : gw~mo{YZr 3&26&30-31. 10ÐîQ>ì` : àñWmZaËZmH$a à‘mñdê$n~moYmo {`H$kmZ oXmon oX{Zê$nH$H$ëbmob

Va§J V¥Vr`. 11 ""d¡H$m[aH$mX² {dHw$dm©UmX² ‘Z…VËd§... X² {dXw… "A{ZéÕm'» § öfrH$mUm‘²

AYrída‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.3&26&28). 12 pp.174 The Wittgenstein Reader=Aspect and Image Ed.by

Anthony Kenny. Pbl. Black well. USA.

13ÐîQ>ì` : VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY 1&11-12 VWm VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$me2&28.

14ÐîQ>ì` : àñVmZaËZmH$a n¥.148-150.


52 53


3

{ZJ‘ Am¡a AmJ‘ emñÌm|H$m VwbZmË‘H$ñdê$n àm‘mÊ` Am¡a EH$dmŠ`Vm

1.""dV©‘mZ H$mb‘| n[aÑí`‘mZ `h g~ Hw$N> dhr MVwînmX²nwéf h¡. Z Ho$db dV©‘mZ H$mb‘| AdpñWV g^r Hw$N>; A{nVw,

yVH$mbrZ Am¡a ^{dî`ËH$mbrZ ^r g^r Hw$N> dhr nwéf h¡. d¡goAÝZmonOrdr g^r ‘Ë`© hmoVo h¢ naÝVw dh Vmo A‘¥VVmH$m ñdm‘rhmoZoHo$ H$maU AÝZ Am¡a AÝZmX XmoZm| ê$nm|H$mo YmaU H$aZona ^r{Vamo{hV Zht hmo OmVm. CgHo$ ‘{h‘mê$n Bg BVZo gmao kmV~«ô‘mÊS>{dñVmago Vmo dh ñd § {ZíM oZ H$ht A{YH$ hmoVm h¡. `hZída ~«ô‘mÊS>{dñVma Cg MVwînmX² ~«ô‘Ho$ EH$-MVwWmªe‘| hr H$htAdpñWV h¡-Cg MVwînmX² ~«ô‘Ho$ VrZ-MVwWmªe Vmo ~«ô‘mÊS>go~mh² Omo BgH$m AZída Am`m‘ h¡, Cg‘| AdpñWV h¢. dh ñd §Vmo AnZo BZ AZída VrZ MaUm|go ^r ~hþV D$na AdpñWVh¡''(F$Šg§{h.10&90&2-3).

2.""Omo ~w{Õ‘mZ doXk hmoVo h¢ CÝh| Vmo dmUrHo$ Mmam| MaUm|H$sOmZH$mar ahVr h¡. AÝ`Wm dmUrHo$ Mma MaUm|‘ogo VrZ MaU Vmo{H$gr ahñ`‘`r JwhmHo$ ^rVa hr H$ht {N>no ahVo h¢. gmYmaU ‘Zwî`Vmo dmUrHo$ Mm¡Wo MaU ‘mÌgo AnZm H$m`© {Z^mVm ahVmh¡''(F$Šg§{h.1&164&45).

(1.àm½YmaUm) F$J² Òw… gm‘ Am¡a AWd© doXm|H$s MVwîQ>`rHo$ ‘ÝÌ-~«mô‘Uê$n nyd©H$mÊS>‘|

Am¡a CÎmaH$mÊS>JV Cn{ZfXm|‘| {OZH$s {Xì`mZw^y{V g§H${bV hþ`r h¢, CZ‘ÝÌÐîQ>m F${fAm|H$s ÑpîQ>Ho$ g‘j `h gd©Wm gwñnîQ> hr Wm {H$ `h g¥pîQ>{H$gr EH$‘odm{ÛVr` VÎdH$s gd© dZgm‘Ï ©H$m {dbmg h¡. 1 AV… Bg g¥pîQ>‘|àH$Q> hþdo {d{dY {damoYm^mgr Zm‘ ê$n Ed§ H$‘© Cg EH$‘odm{ÛVr` VÎd‘| hrg‘m{hV hmoZoHo$ H$maU AZoH$Vm àH$Q> H$aVo hmoZona ^r EH$mË‘H$ hr hmoVo h¢.2

Cg na‘ VÎdH$m h‘mao ‘Z-dmUr-Mjw Am{Xgo AJmoMa ‘m¡{bH$ ñdê$n; Am¡aBZgo JmoMa hmoZodmbm ñdê$n, XmoZm| hr Vah dh, A§eV… hr àH$Q> hmoVm ‘mZmJ`m h¡. AVEd Cn{ZfXm|‘| H$hm J`m h¡ ""{Ogo dmUr Ûmam àH$Q> Z {H$`m OmgHo$ àË wV dmUr ñd § {OgHo$ H$maU àH$Q> hmo nmVr h¡... Omo g‘P nmZoH$sgmoMVm h¡ dh g‘P Zht nm`m naÝVw Omo Eogo gmoMVm h¡ {H$ g‘P Zhtnm`m dhr Hw$N> g‘P nmVm h¡'',""dmUr Ohm§ nhþ§Mo {~Zm ‘ZHo$ gmW nwZ…bm¡Q> AmVr h¡'' (Ho$Zmon.4-11, V¡{Îm.Cn.2&4). BZ Cn{ZfXm| Am¡a Cn w©Õ¥Vg§{hVm H$s dMZMVwîQ>`rH$mo AbJ-WbJ H$aHo$ n‹T>Zona g§{hVmdMZm|‘| VÎdV…Am¡a A{^YmZV… EH$-MVwWmªe Am¡a VrZ-MVwWmªem| H$m EH$ A§H$J{UVmZwamoYrA{‘Q> {d^mOZ gm gwZm`r n‹S>Vm h¡. O~{H$ Cn{ZfX²dMZm|‘| Cg na‘ VÎdHo$‘Z-dmUrgo gd©Wm AJmoMa hr hmoZoH$m Am^mg àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. g§{hVm Am¡aCn{ZfX² XmoZm|Ho$ dMZm|H$mo, naÝVw, BVaoVampÝdV H$aHo$ n‹T>Zona `h ahñ` ~w{Õ‘|ghO hr H$m¢Y nmVm h¡ {H$ dh na‘ VÎd AnZo ‘ybê$n‘| ‘ZdmUrgo AJmoMahmoZona ^r àH$Q>ê$n‘| JmoMa ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡. AVEd F$Šg§{hVm‘| H$hm J`mh¡ ""‘¢ ^br^m§{V OmZ Zht nmVm {H$ ‘¢ H¡$gm hÿ§, Z OmZo {H$ggo T>§H$m hþdm‘¢ {dMaU H$aVm ahVm hÿ§. {’$a^r F$Våâm dmUr O~ H$^r H$mZm| VH$nhþ§MVr h¡ Vmo ‘¢ `h g‘P nmVm hÿ§ {H$ ‘¢ CgHo$ A§eH$m ^moJ H$a ahm hÿ§''(F$Šg§{h.1&154&37). AWm©V² h‘ gMoVZ kmVm ñd §H$mo ^r H$hm§ OmZ nmVoh¢ {H$ h‘mam dmñV{dH$ ñdê$n H¡$gm h¡ dh Vmo F$Våâm dmUr H$^r O~ h‘maoH$mZm| VH$ nhþ§MVr h¡, V^r h‘| nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ Cg na‘ VÎdH$s gÎmm MoVZmAm¡a AmZÝXê$nVm H$s jwÐ ‘mÌm `m ^mJ H$m hr h‘ ^r AnZr gÎmm MoVZm Am¡aAmZÝX H$s AZw y{V‘| Cn^moJ H$a aho h¢ Cn{ZfX² ^r Bgr ahñ`H$mo `m| g‘PmVoh¢ : ""EH$ Ap½Z O¡go wdZ‘| à{dîQ> hmo H$a CZ-CZ ê$nm|Ho$ à{Vê$n ~ZOmVm h¡, d¡go hr EH$ g^r àm{UAm|H$m AÝVamË‘m CZ-CZ ê$nm|Ho$ à{Vê$nàH$Q> H$a ~mha ^r ahVm h¡'', ""Bgr AmZÝXH$s jwÐ ‘mÌmAm|na AÝ`àmUr {Z ©a ahVo h¢'' (H$R>mon.5&9, ~¥h.Cn.4&3&32). `m| ‘ÝÌ-~«mô‘Uê$n

gmH$ma ~«÷dmX{ZJ‘ Am¡a AmJ‘


54 55

doXHo$ nyd©H$mÊS>JV dMZm|‘| {ZJy‹T> ahñ`H$mo AZmd¥V H$aVo hmoZoHo$ H$maU hr;AWm©V² doXHo$ {ZîH¥$îQ> ahñ` hmoZoHo$ H$maU hr, Cn{ZfXm|H$s "doXmÝV' g§kmAÝdW© {gÕ hmoVr h¡. AVEd doX{d{hV H$‘m]Ho$ A{Zdm © A§J yV ‘ÝÌ, AZwð>o{H«$`m, CZ H$‘m]Ho$ A{Yð>mVm AZoH${dY XodVmAm|Ho$ ê$n-Zm‘m|H$mo YmaU H$aAm{Y^m¡{VH$ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ Am¡a Am{YX¡{dH$ g¥pîQ>H$m A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZ~ZVm VÎd Am¡a VËà{VnmXH$ Aja-nX-dmŠ`, BZ g^rH$m g‘mZê$noU dmMH$EH$ "~«ô‘' nX hmoVm h¡. `m| ~«môå`¡Š`demV² doXMVwîQ>`rHo$ Mmam| ‘ÝÌ-~«mô‘U-AmaÊ`H$-Cn{ZfXm|H$m ñdê$n àm‘mÊ` Am¡a EH$dmŠ`Vm ‘ybV…AÝ`moÝ`mË‘H$ m EH$mË‘H$ hmoZona r AdmÝVa oXH$s AnojmHo$ de AÝ`moÝ`{Z ©ag‘Pr OmVr h¡.

(2.CnH«$‘) Bg Vah ‘ybV… Vmo ‘ÝÌg§{hVm ~«mô‘U AmaÊ`H$ Am¡a Cn{ZfX² ê$n Mmam|

VahH$s eãXam{e-doX lw{V AmåZm` Ì`r AmJ‘ `m {ZJ‘-‘mZr J`r h¢.{’$a^r BZ‘| "doX' "lw{V' "AmåZm`' Am¡a "Ì`r' nX `m¡{JH$ hmoZoHo$ gmW-gmWAnZo {deof AW©‘| ê$‹T> ^r hmo J o h¢, d¡{XH$ naånam‘|. O~{H$ "AmJ‘' Am¡a"{ZJ‘' nXm|‘|go àW‘ nX `m¡{JH$ hmoZoHo$ ~mdOyX, d¡{XH$ naånam‘| ^r, lm¡VeãXam{e‘| ê$‹T>mW©H$ ~Z Zht nm`m. {ÛVr` "{ZJ‘' nX, O~{H$, ~mX‘| H$^rê$‹T>mW©H$ ~Z J`m, Eogm àVrV hmoVm h¡. {’$a^r `h Adí` AÝdoîQ>ì` bJVmh¡ {H$ ñd § doXm|‘| doXHo$ ~mao‘| H$ht "AmJ‘' `m "{ZJ‘' nXm|H$m à`moJ hþdm h¡{H$ Zht

Xygar EH$ g‘ñ`m `h ^r {dMmaUr` h¡ {H$ {ZéŠVH$ma lr`mñH$, "AmJ‘'Am¡a "{ZJ‘' XmoZm| hr nXm|H$s, doXHo$ AW©‘| ê${‹T> Š`m| Zht ñdrH$maVo?

""BÝh| "{ZKÝQw>…' Š`m| H$hm Om ahm h¡? Š`m|{H$ o {ZJ‘ h¢,N>ÝXm|go g‘mhaU H$a-H$aHo$ BÝh| H$hm OmVm hmoZogo. `m| o {ZJÝVwhmo H$a {ZJ‘Z H$aVo hmoZoHo$ H$maU "{ZKÝQw>…' H$ho OmVo h¢''({ZK.{Zé.1&1&1).

""A~ AmJ‘ {Og-{Og XodVmH$s {ZépŠV g‘PmVm h¡...''({ZK.{Zé.13&1&13).

`hm§ "AmJ‘' Am¡a "{ZJ‘' XmoZm| hr nX ê${‹T>de doXdmMH$ hm| Eogm àVrVVmo Zht hmoVm. Š`m|{H$ {ZéŠV{dd¥{VH$ma lrXwJm©Mm © ^r "{ZJ‘' Am¡a "AmJ‘'XmoZm| nXm|H$m AW© """{ZJ‘' nX‘| "{Z' CngJ© {ZíM oZ A{YH$ `m {ZJy‹T>AWm]dmbo ‘ÝÌm|Ho$ AWm]Ho$ J‘H$ hmoZogo AWm©V² ~moYH$ hmoZogo Omo‹S>m J`m h¡(VÌ¡d) VWm """AmJ‘'Vnñdr Z¡éŠV Omo Jwé‘wIgo AmJ‘Z H$aVm hmo,^br^m§{V lÕm CnmgZm Am{X Ûmam dh gmam {ZJ‘ì yh'' (VÌ¡d) BgVah àH$Q> H$a aho h¢. EVmdVm `m¡{JH$ d¥{ÎmÛmam ^r BZ nXm|H$s gmjmV²doXmW©H$Vm àH$Q> Zht hmoVr. naÝVw lrnm{U{ZZo, níMmV², AnZo d¡{XH$à{H«$`mnaH$ì`mH$aUgyÌm|‘| O¡go lw{VHo$ {deof ^mJm|Ho$ AW©‘| "F${M'(6&3&133) "Òw{f'(6&1&17) "Òw{f-H$mR>Ho$'(7&4&38) Eogo doXdmMH$ nXm|H$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡,d ¡g o hr gm‘mÝ`dmMH$ "‘ÝÌ o'(3&2&71), "~«mô‘Uo' (2&3&60)"N>ÝX{g'(1&2&61) Am¡a "{ZJ‘o'(7&14&74) nXm|H$m ^r à`moJ {H$`m h¡. d¡go‘hm^mî`H$maZo Omo J«ÝWmaå^‘| hr ""AmJ‘… Iëd{n "~«mô‘UoZ {ZîH$maUmoY‘©… fS§>Jmo doXmo AÜ o mo ko … M''' (nmV§.‘.^m.1&1&1) AnZo Bg {dYmZ‘|"AmJ‘' nXH$m à`moJ {H$`m h¡, CgHo$ ~mao‘| lrHw$‘m[ab ^Å>H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$""ì`mH$aUm{X A§Jm|Ho$ AÜ``ZH$m {dYmZ {H$gr ^r emIm‘| CnbãYZht hmoVm'' (VÝÌdm.1&3&24). AV… `h Xw~m}Ü` hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ `hm§‘hm^mî`H$maH$mo "AmJ‘' nXÛmam H$moB© lw{VdMZ A{^àoV h¡ {H$ lrXwJm©Mm`m©{^àoV"""AmJ‘' br^m§{V lÕm CnmgZm Am{X Ûmam Omo Vnñdr Z¡éŠV Jwé‘wIgoAmJ‘Z H$aVm hmo Eogm gmam {ZJ‘ì yh'' (VÌ¡d) AW© A{^àoV h¡. AVEddmŠ`nXr`H$maH$s ñdmonkV`m ‘mZr OmVr d¥{ÎmHo$ ""{eîQ>m|H$s A{dpÀN>ÝZ naånamgoMbm AmVm Omo ñ‘aU Cgo "AmJ‘' H$hVo h¢'' (dmŠn.nÕ.1&27) dMZ‘| ^r"AmJ‘' nXH$mo doXmW©H$ Z ‘mZ H$a {eîQ>naånamW©H$ ñdrH$mam J`m hmo EogmbJVm h¡. ~m¡Õ H${d AídKmof ""~ «m‘ VÌ A{Z`V§, Z VñWm¡, MbmË‘Zmo~w{Õ[ad AmJ‘ofw'' (~w.M.13&49) Eogm O~ dU©Z H$aVo h¢ V~ ^r "AmJ‘'nX doXê$n {H$gr {deof emñÌH$m dmMH$ hmoZoHo$ ~Om` gm‘mÝ` emñÌm|H$mdmMH$ hr bJVm h¡. VÎdmWm©{YJ‘gyÌ^mî`H$ma O¡Z lrC‘mñdm{V ^r

gmH$ma ~«÷dmXgmH$ma ~«÷dmX{ZJ‘ Am¡a AmJ‘

56 57

""AmßVdMZ AmJ‘ CnXoe Eo{Vh² AmåZm` àdMZ {OZdMZ `m| AZoH$n`m ©`dmMH$ nXm |Ûmam A{^{hV kmZ "lwV' H$hm OmVm h ¡''(V.A.gy.^m.1&20) Eogo {dYmZÛmam ñd § AnZo O¡Z emñÌm|Ho$ n`m© V`m "AmJ‘'Am¡a "AmåZm`' XmoZm| nXm|H$m AW© à{Vnm{XV H$a aho h¢.

d¡go A‘aH$moe‘| "{ZJ‘' Am¡a "Z¡J‘' nXm|Ho$ AÝ`V‘ AW©V`m ‘ybJ«ÝW‘|H«$‘e… doX Am¡a Cn{ZfX² ^r A{^àoV ‘mZo J o h¢, Eogm A‘aH$moeH$s "am‘ml‘r'Zm{‘H$m ì`m»`m‘| H$hm J`m h¡ (ÐîQ>. : A‘.am‘m.3&3&140).

Bgr Vah O¡{‘{ZgyÌ^mî`H$ma lre~amMm`© O~ ""Am`m]‘| Aà{gÕAWm}dmbo nXm|Ho$ AWm]H$mo OmZZm hmo Am¡a `{X H$moB© {ZJ‘ {ZéŠV `mì`mH$aU go {gÕ BZH$s AW©dÎmm ImoOZm Mmho Vmo dh CnnÝZ Zht hmoVr,Š`m|{H$ åboÀN>m|H$s ^mfm‘| BZHo$ AW© à{gÕ hmoZogo dhm§go BZHo$ AW© OmZoOm gH$Vo h¢. Bg ~mao‘| h EH$ Am¡a H${R>ZmB© h¡ {H$ {ZJ‘ Am{XHo$ AmYmanaBZHo$ AWm]H$s H$ënZm H$aZona eãXmW© Aì`dpñWV hmo OmZogo A{ZpíMVhmo Om oJm'' (em~.^m.1&3&10) Bg à{VnmXZ‘| "{ZJ‘' nXH$mo doXgo {^ÝZdoXm§JHo$ dmMH$V`m à`moJ H$aVo h¢ VWm doXHo$ BZ fS§>Jm|H$s Y‘©~moYZ‘| AVrdJm¡UVm ^r àH$Q> H$a aho h¢. {’$a^r dm{V©H$H$ma lrHw$‘m[ab ^Å> ""Bg Vah{ZéŠV ì`mH$aU Am{X A§Jm|H$s ghm`Vm boH$a doXmÜ``Z H$aZona Omo h‘|H$V©ì`~moY hmoVm h¡, VXZwgma AZwð>mZ H$aZona ñdJm©{XH$mo {gÕ H$a nm oEogm Anyd© {gÕ hmoVm h¡'' (V§.dm.1&3&10) AnZo Bg ñnîQ>rH$aUÛmam doXm§Jm|H$s^r Y‘©~moY‘| ‘hÎmm Hw$N> A{YH$ {XIbm aho h¢. naÝVw Ohm§ VH$ "AmJ‘' nXHo$A{^Yo mW©H$m àíZ h¡ dhm§ lrHw$‘m[ab ^Q²>Q> ñd §Ho$ ~mao‘| ""‘¢ Vmo AmJ‘àdUhÿ§ AV… ‘oam ñIbZ ^r {XIbmB© XoVm hmo Vmo {ZÝXm Zht H$aZr Mm{h o''(íbmo.dm.1&1&1&7) {dYmZ H$aVo h¢. `hm§ "AmJ‘' nX gmjmX² doXH$m dmMH$h¡ `m naånam{YJV doXm{^àm`H$m dmMH$, BgH$m gÝXoha{hV {ZU© XwîH$a hrbJVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ `{X "AmJ‘' gmjmX² d¡{XH$ eãXam{eH$m dmMH$ hmo Vmo ~wÕ-‘hmdra Am{XHo$ CnXoem|H$mo "AmJ‘' H$hZm Ag§JV hmo Om oJm; O~{H$ ñd §lrHw$‘m[ab ^Å> ""emŠÒ¡ZmJ‘mX`…'' (VÝÌdm.1&3&12) H$m[aH$m‘|"emŠ`mJ‘' Am¡a "O¡ZmJ‘' Am{X nXm|H$m à`moJ gy{MV Vmo H$a hr aho h¢.

BgHo$ {dnarV JdËnmX lre§H$amMm © doXm{X emñÌê$n AW©‘| "AmJ‘'nXH$s`moJê${T> àH$Q> H$aZodmbo à`moJ àm`… H$aVo h¢ :

1.""Vm{H©$H$m|Zo Vmo AmJ‘~bH$m n[aË`mJ H$aHo$... emñÌmW©H$moAmHw$b H$a {X`m h¡...'' (~«.gy.em§.^m.1&4&6).

2.""~«ô‘H$mo Vmo AmMm`m]H$s CnXoenaånamHo$ AmYmanag‘PZoH$m à`mg H$aZm Mm{hò VH©$Ûmam Zht''(Ho$Z.Cn.em§.^m.1&3).

3.""AV… AmË‘monXoeH$s Vmo emñÌm|‘o {XIbm`r J`r {d{YgoA{V[aŠV H$moB© {d{Y hmoVr hr Zht'' (EoV.Cn.em§.^m.2&1&11).

4.""AVEd AmJ‘Jå` AW©Ho$ ~mao‘| Ho$db VH©$Ûmam Amn{ÎmàñVwV Zht H$aZr Mm{h o, Š`m|{H$ nwéfm|Ho$ Ûmam CËào{jV {ZamJ‘VH©$ Aà{V{ð>V hmoVo h¢... `h Vmo Eogm A{VJå^ra ^md`mWmËå` h¡{H$ AmJ‘Ho$ {~Zm Vmo BgHo$ ~mao‘| CËàojm ^r H$s Zht Om gH$Vr''(~«.gy.em§.^m.2&1&11).

5.""ê$n Am{XHo$ A^mdHo$ H$maU Bgo àË`jgo OmZm Zht OmgH$Vm, hoVw `m qbJ Ho$ A^mdHo$ H$maU AZw‘mZ Am{XÛmam ^rOmZm Zht Om gH$Vm, `h Ho$db AmJ‘Ho$ ghmao hr OmZm Om gHo$Eogm AW© h¡, Y‘©H$s Vah'' (~«.gy.em.^m.2&1&6).

BZ dMZm|‘|go àW‘ VrZm| dMZm|H$mo BVaoVampÝdV H$a VmËn ©‘r‘m§gm H$aZona"emñÌ', "AmMm`m}nXoenaånam' Am¡a "emñÌmonXoe' `m| VrZm| hr nX ~«ô‘~moYH$à‘mUV`m EH$mW©~moYH$ àVrV hmoVo h¢. Š`m|{H$ AJbo MVwW© dMZ‘| BVaoVan`m© V`mà`wŠV "AmJ‘' Am¡a "{ZJ‘' nXm|Ho$ Ûmam A{^àoVmW©H$s {ddjm hr `hm§ñdrH$maZr n‹S>oJr. nm§Mdo dMZ‘| ^mî`H$ma `Ú{n `km{X H$‘© Am¡a ~«ô‘kmZ H$mg‘wÀM` ñdrH$maVo Zht V~^r Y‘© Am¡a ~«ô‘ XmoZm|H$mo "AmJ‘‘mÌg‘{YJå`'H$h H$a doXHo$ nydm}ÎmaH$mÊS>m|Ho$ g‘wÀM`Ho$ ~mao‘| AnZr A{^‘{V ^r àH$Q> H$aaho h¢. `h ""emñÌ`mo{ZËdmV²'' ~«ô‘gyÌHo$ ^mî`‘| ""‘hmZ² F$½doX Am{XAZoH$ {dÚmñWmZm|Ûmam Cn~¥§{hV... AWdm Eogo F$½doX Am{X emñÌ Bg


58 59

~«ô‘Ho$ ñdê$nH$m `WmW© ~moY àmßV H$aZo‘| à‘mU ~ZVo h¢. emñÌm|Ho$à‘mUHo$ AmYmana hr OJV²Ho$ OÝ‘ Am{XH$m H$maU ~«ô‘ OmZm OmVmh¡'' (~«.gy.em§.^m.1&1&3) Bg dMZHo$ AmYmana ^r ñnîQ> h¡. lw{V ñ‘¥{V gyÌnwamU Am{X AZoH$ emñÌm|Ho$ AmYmana ~«ô‘{g{Õ eŠ` ‘mZr J`r h¡.

lrdoXmÝVXo{eH${da{MV eVXyfUrHo$ 43d| dmX‘| lr`mXdàH$meH$s em§H$adoXmÝVHo$ ~mao‘| H$hr OmVr CpŠV‘|, naÝVw, "AmJ‘' nXH$mo Ad¡{XH$ J«ÝWm|Ho$~mao‘| à wŠV hmoVm h‘ nmVo h¢ ""doXmo AZ¥Vmo ~m¡ÕH¥$VmJ‘mo AZ¥V…... y ÄM~m¡ÕmíM g‘mZg§gXm…'' . Bgr Vah nad{V©H$mb‘| Ý`m`‘ÄOarH$ma lrO`ÝV^Å>Ûmam a{MV AmJ‘mS>å~a ê$nH$‘| ^r "AmJ‘' nX d¡{XH$ emñÌ‘| AnZrê${‹T>Ho$ {e{Wb hmo OmZoHo$ H$maU gH$b d¡{XH$md¡{XH$ emñÌm|Ho$ A{^àm`de ^rà wŠV hþdm h¡ :

""ZmZm{dY AmJ‘m|Ho$ Ûmam {XIbm o J o ‘mJm]Ho$ à oXdeAZoH$ Cnm` Cn{XîQ> hmoVo h¢. do g^r {H$gr EH$ lo H$m gånmXZ‘|n ©d{gV hmoVo h¢, O¡go gmar Z{X`m§ g‘wÐ‘| n ©d{gV hmoVr h¢. dhEH$mH$s gH$b àm{U`m|Ho$ {hVHo${bò AnZr BÀN>mHo$ AZwê$nAZoH${dY H$m`m YmaU H$a ZmZm AmJ‘m|H$m CnXoe g‘ñV wdZm|‘|à{gÕ {d{dY g‘m»`m YmaU H$aHo$ H$aVm h¡. Cgo "{ed'"newn{V' "H${nb' "{dîUw' "g§H$f©U' "{OZ‘w{Z' "gwJV' `m "‘Zw'H$hmo o gmao à oX g§kmAm|Ho$ h¢. ê$nm|Ho$ à oX ^r ‘mZZo hmo Vmo ‘mZoOm gH$Vo h¢. naÝVw Aì`mH¥$V na‘mË‘mHo$ ñdê$n‘| {H$gr VahH$m

oX gmoMm Zht Om gH$Vm''(Am.S>.4&44-57).

B©gmH$s Zm¢dt-Xgdt eVrHo$ ~rM hþdo O¡Z amOZr{VgyÌH$ma gmo‘Xod"Ì`rg‘wÔoe' Zm‘H$ àH$aU‘|, dUm©l‘mMmago Ow‹S>r Y‘m©Y‘©ì`dñWmH$mo Mm¡Xh{dÚmñWmZm|na {Z ©a ‘mZVo h¢. BZ {dÚmñWmZm|‘|-Mmam| doX {ejm H$ën ì`mH$aU{ZéŠV N>ÝX Á`m¡{Vf B{Vhmg nwamU Ý`m` ‘r‘m§gm-emñÌm|H$s n[aJUZm H$aVoh¢. Z Ho$db BVZm àË wV `h ñnîQ>rH$aU Am¡a XoVo h¢ {H$ d¡{XH$ A{^àm`m|Ho$

g§J«mhH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU Y‘©emñÌm|H$mo Am¡a ñ‘¥{VAm|H$mo doXê$n hr OmZZm Mm{h o(ÐîQ>.gmo.Zr.gy.7&1-4). {’$a^r {dMmag‘wÔoe Zm‘H$ àH$aU‘| """AmJ‘'`m{Z AmßVmonXoe, ñd § AZw yV AZw{‘V lwV AWm]Ho$ gmW {Og nwéfHo$dMZ A{dg§dmXr hm| Cgo "AmßV' H$hm OmVm h¡'' (gmo.Zr.gy.15&14-15)Bg dMZ‘| "AmJ‘' nXH$m gd©Wm ì`mnH$ A{^àm` {Zê${nV H$aVo h¢. AÝV‘|YaUrH$moeHo$ AZwgma ""{ZJ‘… H${WVmo doXo... AmJ‘mo ‘ybemñÌo''(Ya.H$mo.‘mÝVdJ} 17646-1770) "{ZJ‘' Am¡a "AmJ‘' nX {d{^ÝZmW©~moYH$~Zo J o Eogm ñnîQ>V`m OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡.

AV… H$~ "{ZJ‘' nX lm¡V eãXam{eH$m dmMH$ ~Zm Am¡a H$~ "AmJ‘'nX e¡d nmewnV emŠV d¡îUd O¡Z `m ~m¡Õ VÝÌm|H$m dmMH$ ~Zm, `h B{Vhmg^r AÝdoîQ>ì` bJVm h¡. AñVw. ^JdËnmX lr‘ÜdmMm ©Ûmam g§Ho${VV ""F$H²$Òw… gm‘ AWd© Am¡a ‘hm^maV nÄMamÌ ‘yb am‘mÙ ^r BVZo "gXmJ‘m'‘mZo OmVo h¢. Omo BZHo$ AZwHy$b hm| Eogo dMZ ^r gXmJ‘ hmoVo h¢. AÝÀmJ‘m|H$mo Vmo XwamJ‘ hr ‘mZZm Mm{h o Š`m|{H$ CZHo$ AmYmana Hw$N>^r{gÕ Zht hmoVm'' (H$Wmbj.10&11) `h d¡îUdr AW©{Xem hr `hm§ h‘|AZwgaUr` bJVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ `hr ‘hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©H$mo ^r A{^àoVàVrV hmoVr h¡, Eogm Bg AmboInÌ‘| `Wmdga à{VnmXZ H$aZm A^rîQ> h¡. AV…Bg {df`Ho$ {dñVma‘| A{YH$ ^Q>Ho$ {~Zm "{ZJ‘' nXH$mo doXdmMH$ ‘mZ H$aVWm "AmJ‘' nXH$mo doXm§J yV A{dpÀN>ÝZnaånam{YJV doXm{damo{Y emñÌm|H$mdmMH$ ‘mZ H$a VwbZmË‘H$ ñdê$n àm‘mÊ` Am¡a EH$dmŠ`Vm Ho$ {d‘e©hoVw àd¥ÎmhmoZm A{YH$ àg§JmonmÎm hmoJm. AñVw.

(3.lm¡V eãXam{eH$m ñdê$n àm‘mÊ` Am¡a EH$dmŠ`Vm) `hm§ `h CëboIZr` hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ Ho$db g§{hVmAm|H$mo `m Ho$db

Cn{ZfXm|H$mo lw{V ‘mZZoH$m hR>mJ«h Amf© naånam Zht àË wV BÝh| `WmH$WpÄMV²`m Vmo Aà‘mU hr {gÕ H$aZoH$s; AWdm Vmo ""gd©Zmeo g‘wËnÝZo AYª ËÒ{VnpÊS>V…'' dmbr MVwamB© ar, AZmf© ‘ZmoJ«pÝW h¡. EVmdVm `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H${H$gr r EH$ emñÌHo$ àm‘mÊ`H$s n[a{Y‘| d¡{XH$ m lm¡V ahñ`H$mo EoH$mpÝVH$V`mn[agr{‘V Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm. `h ‘h{f© O¡{‘{ZHo$ gyÌm|‘| Y‘©Ho$ à‘mUV`m


60 61

‘ÝÌ~«mô‘U ^mJH$mo nwañH¥$V {H$ò {~Zm ""MmoXZmbjUmo@Wm} Y‘©…''(O¡{‘.gy.1&1&2) Eogo gm‘mÝ` A{^YmZHo$ AmYmana^r ñnîQ> hmoVm ‘mZm OmgH$Vm h¡. `hm§ "MmoXZm' nX Ho$db lm¡V {d{Y AWdm ñ‘mV© gm¡Ì nm¡am{UH$Am{X {d{YH$m ^r g§J«mhH$ h¡ `m Zht, Bg {ddmX‘| ^mî`H$ma lre~amMm ©""eãXHo$ {dkmZÛmam Ag§{ZH¥$îQ> AWm]H$m {dkmZ emñÌ hmoVm h¡''(O¡{‘.em~.^m.1&1&5) Bg {Zê$nU‘| H$Xm{MV² lm¡V empãXH$ AmXoeH$mo hrY‘©à‘mnH$ ‘mZZm Mmh|Jo. dm{V©H$H$ma lrHw$‘m[ab ^Å>, naÝVw, """MmoXZm'eãX d¡{XH$ dm½ì`dhma‘| à wŠV hmoVm h¡, "eãXkmZ' Am¡a "AW©{dkmZ'eãX ^r àñVwV emñÌ‘| d¡{XH$ gÝX^©‘| hr à`m oÁ` hm oV o h ¢''(íbmo.dm.e.n.13) Eogm à{VnmXZ H$aZoHo$ ~mdOyX CZHo$ nydm}XmöV dMZ(V§.dm.1&3&10) Ho$ AmYmana doXm|Ho$ A§Jmonm§J^yV emñÌm|H$s Cn`mo{JVmH$moJm¡U {gÕ H$aZm Zht Mmh|Jo. ~«ô‘gyÌH$ma ^r AVEd ~«ô‘{Okmgm‘| {Okmñ`~«ô‘Ho$ à‘mUHo$ {Zê$nUmW© "Cn{ZfX² mo{ZËdmV²' Z H$h H$a ""emñÌ`mo{ZËdmV²''(~«.gy.1&1&2/3) H$hVo h¢.

AVEd ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm © Am¡a ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © XmoZm| hr,AÝ`Wm AZoH$ {df`m|‘| nañna AZoH${dY ‘VôXHo$ ~mdOyX, Bg {df`‘|EH$‘V h¢ {H$ lwË oH$JmoMa ~«ô‘Ho$ ~mao‘| àmW{‘H$ ~moY lw{V{Z ©a hmoZona ^rlwVrVa à‘mUm|go ^r Cg ~«ô‘go gå~Õ AZoH$mZoH$ Jm¡U‘w»` VÏ`m|H$m kmZ{‘bVm hr h¡.3

gåà{V nmíMmË` {dMmaar{VHo$ à~b à^mdde AmYw{ZH$ AmbmoMH$m|H$mÑpîQ>H$moU Vmo lm¡V J«ÝWm|, Zm‘e… g§{hVm ~«mô‘U AmaÊ`H$ Am¡a Cn{ZfXm|, Ho$~rM ^r H$mb oX ñWb oX Am¡a F${f oX H$s YmaUmgo J«ñV hmoZoHo$ H$maUEH$dmŠ`Vm Amdí`H$ Zht ‘mZVm. BgHo$ {dnarV ^maVHo$ nydm©Mm © ""EH§$ gX²{dàm… ~hþYm dXpÝV'' (F$Šg§{h.1&164&64) Bg d¡{XH$ AmXe©go AZwào[aVhmoZoHo$ H$maU BZ oXm|Ho$ {VbH$m Vm‹S> ~Zm o {~Zm AnZr g‘Ýd`dmXr ‘Zmod¥{ÎmHo$AZwê$n lm¡V ñ‘mV© nm¡am{UH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ VmÝÌmJ{‘H$ hr Zht àË`wV BZemñÌm|Ho$ ì`m»`mZwì`m»`mZm|H$m ^r ~«ô‘mdJ{V‘| ‘hÎdnyU© àm‘mÊ` VWmEH$dmŠ`Vm ImoOZm AnZm nwZrV H$V©ì` ‘mZ H$a Mbo h¢. AVEd doXm|H$s

g§{hVmAm|‘| CnbãY hmoVo à`moJHo$ AZwamoYde ‘ybV… "~«÷' nXH$mo H$‘m©W©H$ñdrH$ma| `m H$‘©~moYH$ doXmW©H$, {H$gr ^r gyaV‘|, V¡{Îmar`maÊ`H$Ho$ñdmÜ`m`~«mô‘U‘| CnbãY hmoVo o dMZ {ZVmÝV AdYo ~ZVo h¢ {H$ ""OmoñdmÜ`m`H$m AÜ``Z H$aVm h¡, EH$^r F$Mm Òw `m gm‘ Ho$ ‘ÝÌm|H$mCgHo$ H$maU ~«ô‘`k AZw{ð>V hmo OmVm h¡... Omo ~«mô‘Um|H$m B{Vhmgm|H$mnwamUm|H$m H$ënm|H$m JmWmAm|H$m dh Xodm|H$mo V¥ßV H$a XoVm h¡. do V¥ßV hmoH$a Bgo Am wf VoO dM©g² lr è ~«ô‘dM©g² ^moÁ` AÝZgo V¥ßV H$aVo h¢''(V¡{Îm.Ama.2&10). AWm©V² lm¡V ñdmÜ`m`Ho$ AÝVJ©V hr BZ AÝ`mÝ` J«ÝWm|H$m^r nR>Z-AmdV©Z ‘mÝ` Wm. h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ F$½Òwñgm‘Ì`rgo BÝh| n¥WH²$‘mZZona ^r "~«ô‘'nXHo$ Ûmam A{^àoV AW©H$m nam‘e© H$aZodmbo "ñd'nXH$sAW©n[a{Ygo BZ AÝ`mÝ` emñÌm|H$mo ~{h y©V Zht ‘mZm J`m h¡.

e§H$m H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ {H$ `hm§ {Z{X©îQ> BZ nwamUm| Am¡a B{Vhmgm| H$modoXÌ`rHo$ hr AÝVJ©V AmVo H$moB© {dfoe {Zê$nU ‘mZ H$a, dV©‘mZ‘| "B{Vhmg-nwamU' ZmåZm à{gÕ J«ÝWm|go n¥WH²$ Š`m| Z ‘mZm Om o? naÝVw doXmÝVJ©V ‘mZZoH$mEogm AmJ«h aIZona Vmo Cn{ZfXm|‘| ""F$½doX Owd}X gm‘doX Mm¡Wm AWd©doX,B{Vhmg Am¡a nwamU doXm|Ho$ ^r nm§Md| doX, ... EH$m`ZemñÌ Xod{dÚm~«ô‘{dÚm...'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&1&4) Bg dMZ‘| B{Vhmg-nwamUH$mo "nm§Md|doX' Omo H$hm J`m h¡, dh H$WZ g§JV Zht hmo nm oJm. AV… BZ B{Vhmg-nwamUHo$ n¥WH²$ hmoZona ^r doXmon‘ hmoZo AWdm doXm|Ho$ à‘wI A§J `m Cnm§J hmoZoH$sYmaUm ñd § Amf© A{^‘{V Wr. AVEd Cn{ZfXm|‘| Ohm§ nyd©H$mÊS>H$s J[a‘mH$mJm¡UV`m {Zê$nU Am^m{gV hmoVm h¡, `Wm :

""Xmo VahH$s {dÚm OmZZr Mm{h o Eogm Omo doX{dX² Amdí`H$‘mZVo h¢ {H$ EH$ nam {dÚm hmoVr h¡ Xygar Anam {dÚm. BZ‘| F$½doXÒwd}X gm‘doX AWd©doX {ejm H$ën ì`mH$aU {ZéŠV N>ÝX…emñÌÁ`m¡{Vf Anam {dÚm h¢. {Og {dÚmHo$ H$maU Cg Aja VÎdH$mkmZ hmoVm h¡ dh nam {dÚm hmoVr h¡, dh Omo AÐoí` AJ«mh² hmoVmh¡... {ZË` {d w gd©JV gwgyú‘ dh Aì`` g^rH$m H$maUê$n...O¡go ‘H$‹S>r AnZm Ombm CJbVr h¡ Am¡a nwZ… {ZJb OmVr h¡, O¡go


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n¥{Wdr‘| Amof{Y CËnÝZ hmoVr h¢, O¡go Or{dV nwéf‘| Ho$e amo‘Am{X CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢; Eogo hr Ajago gmam {díd àH$Q> hmoVm h¡...Eogm `h ~«ô‘ Zm‘ ê$n AÝZ ~ZVm h¡''

(‘wÊS>.Cn.1&1&4-9).

Bg dMZ‘| àH$Q> hþdo Hw$N> CëboIZr` VÏ`m|na Ü`mZ XoZm Amdí`H$ bJVmh¡ :

1.doXHo$ nyd©H$mÊS>H$mo "Anam-{dÚm' VWm Aja~«ô‘mË‘H$ ahñ`H$mCnXoe H$aZodmbr Am¡n{ZfX {dÚmAm|H$mo "nam-{dÚm' H$hm J`m h¡.EVmdVm nyd©H$mÊS>H$s Jm¡UVm VWm CÎmaH$mÊS>r` Cn{ZfXm|H$m doXm|gonmW©Š` ^r Am^m{gV hmoVm h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| wpŠVdmX I‹S>m {H$`m OmgH$Vm h¡ {H$ ñd § Cn{ZfXm|H$mo ^r AnZr AdoXmË‘H$Vm A{^àoV hmoJr.Cn{ZfXm|H$mo, AV…, nadVu ì`m»`mH$mam|Zo WmH$WpÄMV² doXV`m àMm[aVH$a {X`m hmoJm, naånam‘mÝ` àm‘mÊ`Ho$ bm^mW©. `h, naÝVw, Ag‘r{jVà{VnmXZ h¡; Š`m|{H$, ñd`§ nyd©H$mÊS>r` F$Šg§{hVm ñd`§ ^r BgrAja(~«ô‘)Ho$ n[akmZHo$ {~Zm Anam {dÚmê$n F$MmAm|H$s ì`W©VmH$mKÊQ>mKmof H$a hr ahr h¡ : ""F$MmHo$ Cg na‘ ì`mo‘ê$n Aja‘| {H$Ohm§ g^r Xod ahVo h¢. Omo Cgo Zht OmZVm dh Ho$db F$MmÛmamŠ`m H$a nm oJm?...'' (F$Šg§{h.1&164&39). dñVwV… Vmo àñVwV‘wÊS>H$mon{ZfX² Bgr F$MmHo$ ahñ`H$m CnXoe H$a ahm h¡, Eogm H$hZm ^rgd©Wm CnnÝZ hr h¡. AVEd Cn{ZfX²‘| namna{dÚmHo$ à oXde Üd{ZVhmoVr {ZÝXm r VWmH${WV Anam-{dÚmHo$ "~«ô‘{dX²' ‘ÝÌÐîQ>m F${fAm|ÛmamH$s J`r AmË‘{ZÝXmH$s hr nam{dÚmê$n Cn{ZfX²Ho$ ÐîQ>m F${fAm|ÛmamH$s J`r ì`m»`m h¡

2.jamjaHo$ à oXHo$ ~mao‘| ^r {H$pÄMV² Y¡ ©nyd©H$ XmoZm| dMZm|H$mAZwerbZ H$aZona, `h ^r àH$Q> hmoVm hr h¡ {H$ AÝZmonOrdr àmUrHo$‘Zm o-dmH ² $-Mjw Am{Xg o J « mh ²` ja OJV ² ñd` § CgrA{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZê$n Aja VÎdgo àH$Q> hþdm h¡, Cgr‘| AdpñWV h¡

Am¡a nwZ… Cgr‘| brZ hmoZodmbm h¡. AV… ja AjaH$m hr Zm‘mÝVaê$nmÝVa Am¡a H$‘m©ÝVa h¡. Š`m|{H$ dh ñd § Zm‘-ê$n Am¡a AÝZ ~Zmh¡. AV… Zm‘ ê$n Am¡a CËnÎ`m{X fS²>{d{H«$`mAm|go {dd{O©V dh ñd §`{X Bg Vah àH$Q> hþdm ‘mZm J`m h¡. AVEd BZH$m Vmo n[akmZAÝZmonOrdr ‘Ë © àmUrHo$ ‘ZmodmŠMjw Am{X BpÝÐ`m|go nyd©{gÕ h¡ hr.AVEd BZHo$ {Zê$nU‘| ‘ÝÌ-~«mô‘U `m Cn{ZfX² Ho$ dMZm|H$m àm‘mÊÀZ{YJVmW©kmnH$ hmo Zht nmVm. Bgr H$maU Cgo "Anam-{dÚm' H$hmOmVm h¡. bmoH${gÕ à‘mUm|go AJ«mh² Zm‘-ê$nmVrV ~«ô‘ ‘ÝÌ-~«mô‘U-Cn{ZfX²Ho$ {OZ dMZm|go J¥hrV hmoVm hmo CZ dMZm|H$m nam-{dÚm hmoZm^r ñVw{V `m {ZÝXm ê$n Z hmo H$a àm‘mÊ`ì`dñWmH$s hr nydm}Îmag§H$ënZmHo$ ê$n‘| ‘mÝ` aIZm Mm{h o.

AVEd O¡go nyd©H$mÊS>r` à{VnmXZ‘| ñd § nyd©H$mÊS>r` àm‘mÊ`H$s Jm¡UVm{Z{X©îQ> hþ r h¡, R>rH$ d¡go hr CÎmaH$mÊS>r` ""Omo A{dÚmH$s CnmgZm H$aVo h¢do AÝYV‘‘| à{dîQ> hmoVo h¢, {H$ÝVw Omo Ho$db {dÚm‘| hr {ZaV ahVo h¢ do VmoCggo ^r A{YH$Va V‘‘| à{dîQ> hmoVo h¢. dh Vmo {dÚmgo ^r AÝ` hmoVm h¡Am¡a A{dÚmgo ^r AÝ` hmoVm h¡, Eogm CgH$m à{VnmXZ H$aZodmbo Yranwéfm|go gwZm h¡. Omo {dÚm Am¡a A{dÚm XmoZm|Ho$ EH$ gmW OmZVm h¡, dhA{dÚmÛmam ‘¥Ë wH$mo V¡a H$a {dÚmHo$ Ûmam A‘¥VH$mo nm boVm h¡'' (B©e.Cn.9-11) Bg à{VnmXZ‘| {dÚm{ZÝXm ^r CnbãY hmoVr hr h¡. AVEd doXHo$nyd©H$mÊS>H$s ‘r‘m§gmHo$ hoVw àd¥Îm O¡{‘{ZgyÌm|‘| ‘h{f© ~mXamÙH$mo ^r h‘gh^mJr nmVo h¢, O¡go doXHo$ CÎmaH$mÊS>H$s ‘r‘m§gmHo$ hoVw àd¥Îm ~mXamÙgyÌm|‘|‘h{f© O¡{‘{ZHo$ gh^mJr hmoZoHo$ AZoH$Ì CëboI h¢.

`m| "~«ô‘' nX O¡go j{`îUw H$‘m]Ho$ AW©‘| à wŠV hþdm Am¡a j{`îUw Zm‘m|Ho$AW©‘| ^r, d¡go hr A{dZmer Aja~«ô‘Ho$ AW©‘| ^r à wŠV hþdm h¡. AV…"~«ô‘' nXHo$ BZ CŠV {Ì{dY AWm]H$mo h‘ ^JdX²JrVmHo$ ""AÝZgo àmUrCËnÝZ hmoVo h¢, dh AÝZ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡ nO©Ý`go, dh nO©Ý` CËnÝZ hmoVmh¡ kgo, k H$‘m]Ho$ AZwð>mZ Ûmam CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, H$‘© ~«ô‘ (doXHo$ eãX)goCËnÝZ hmoVo h¢, ~«ô‘ Ajago àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. AV… gd©JV ~«ô‘ `k‘| {ZË`


64 65

à{V{ð>V ahVm h¡'' (^J.JrVm.3&14-15) Bg dMZ‘| ^r à{Vnm{XV XoIgH$Vo h¢.

d¡go doX{ZÝXm ImoOZr hr hmo Vmo ^JdX²JrVmHo$ ^r ""doX Vmo gmao àH¥${VH$sJwUÌ`rHo$ AZwê$n A{YH$marH$mo bú`‘| aI H$a {d{Y-{ZfoY H$aVo h¢Vwåh| Vmo BZ VrZm| JwUm|go D$na CR>Zm Mm{h o...'', ""doXm|Ho$ ghmao ‘wPo BgVah Z Vmo OmZm `m Z XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡'' (^J.JrVm.2&45,11&53) BZdMZm|‘| ImoOr Om gH$Vr h¡. naÝVw ""gmao doXm|Ho$ Ûmam ‘oam hr à{VnmXZ hmoVmh¡ ... Š`m|{H$ ‘¢ ja dñVwAm|go AVrV hÿ§ Am¡a Ajago ^r CÎm‘ hÿ§; AV…bmoH$‘| Am¡a doX‘| nwéfmoÎm‘V`m à{gÕ hÿ§'' (^J.JrVm.15&15-18) BgCÎmadVu dMZ‘|, na~«ô‘H$mo {ZpIb doXm|H$m à{VnmÚ-{df` ‘mZ {b`m J`m h¡,CgHo$ AmYmana `h nyN>m Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Š`m ^JdmZ² AO©wZH$mo A^mJdV `mA^JdXr` hmoZoH$s ~mV "{ZñÌ¡JwÊ`mo' nXHo$ à`moJÛmam g‘PmZm MmhVo h¢? EogmBg{b o ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm, Š`m|{H$ Bggo nyd© hr `h ^r H$hm Om MwH$m h¡{H$ ""Omo gmpÎdH$ amOg `m Vm‘g ^md h¢ do g^r ‘oao hr H$maU hmoVo h¢...BZ VrZ JwUm|Ho$ ^mdm|go gmam OJV² ‘mo{hV hmoZogo ‘wPo BZgo nao Aì``ê$n‘|OmZ Zht nmVm. `h ‘oar JwU‘`r ‘m`m XwñVa h¡ {’$a^r Omo ‘oar àn{ÎmñdrH$maVo h¢ do Bgo nma H$a OmVo h¢'' (^J.JrVm.7&12-14). AV…^JdX²JrVm‘| dXVmoì`mKmV ImoOZoH$m XwamJ«h Z hmo Vmo ‘r‘m§ñ` g§J{VHo$ hoVwgÝX ©‘r‘m§gm H$V©ì` ~ZVr h¡. Eogo hr doX Am¡a doXmÝV Ho$ ~rM ^r {ZaW©H$emñÌ oXH$s AdYmaUm ~m§Y H$a Eogr dXVmoì`mh{VHo$ {VbH$mo Vm‹S> ~Zm H$aZht C^maZm Mm{h o. d¡go H$B© AmYw{ZH$ AmbmoMH$ A~ ^JdX²JrVmH$mo ^rEH$J«ÝW Zht ‘mZVo. CÝh| bJVm h¡ {H$ ‘ybV… eVíbmoH$mpË‘H$m ^JdX²JrVm‘hm^maV‘| à{jßV hþ r hmoJr, {Og‘| {ZaÝVa àjon hmoVo ahZoHo$ H$maU ~‹T>Vo-~‹T>Vo ~mX‘| dh H$^r AÆ>mah AÜ`m`m|dmbr ~Z J`r hmoJr Eogr YmaUm ^ràMm[aV H$aVo h¢. ñd`§ AnZo ~mao‘| ""{ZJ‘ê$n H$ënVéHo$ nHo$ ’$b''(^mJ.nwam.1&1&3) hmoZoHo$ CëboIHo$ ~mdOyX, ‘h{f© doXì`mgZo doX Ap½Z Am{XH$md«Vnyd©H$ YmaU H$aZona ^r gÝVmof Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU ^JdëbrbmHo$ g‘m{YÛmamXe©Z H$a ^mJdVH$mo àH$Q> H$aZoH$m CëboI ^r ^mJdVHo$ àW‘ñH$ÝYHo$ Mm¡Wo-nm§Md| AmÜ`m`m|‘| {H$`m J`m h¡. naÝVw Eogo {damoYm^mgHo$ g‘mYmZV`m ^mJdV‘|

hr `h ^r nyN>m J`m h¡ {H$ ^Jdëbrbmê$n OJV²‘| JwUXmofm|dmbr oXÑpîQ>{ZJ‘à wŠV hmoVr hmo Vmo dhr {ZJ‘ oXÑpîQ>H$s {ZÝXm Š`m| H$aVm h¡? (ÐîQ>.: ^mJ.nwam.11&20&5).

Bg {ddmX‘| {dMmaZr{VHo$ {ZYm©aUmW© ‘hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©H$m EH$‘hÎdnyU© CÒma `hm§ ‘ZZr` ~Z OmVm h¡. `Wm-

""~«ô‘ê$n OJV²H$mo OmZZm Mm{h o ~«ô‘ OJV²go A{V[aŠV^r Hw$N> hmoVm AV… OJV²‘| AmgpŠV Zht aIZr Mm{h o. {H$gr ^rEH$ nXmW©‘| ^JdmZ² AnZr gmar brbmAm|Ho$ g{hV {dÚ‘mZ ahVoh¢ AV… Xoe-H$mb-dñVw ê$nr hmoZona ^r do Xoe-H$mb-dñVwgoA{V[aŠV ^r Hw$N> hmoVo h¡'' (^mJ.gw~mo.2&9&35). AWm©V² Bg VahHo$ {damoYm^mgr à{VnmXZm|H$m VmËn © OJV²H$s ~«ô‘ê$nVm

{Zê${nV H$aZoHo$ gmW hr gmW Bg Eogo ~«ô‘monXoeH$m à`moOZ OJXmË‘Zm A§eVmon[aUV ~«ô‘Ho$ ~Om` ñd § A§erê$n ~«ô‘Ho$ à{V A{^‘wI H$aZm h¡. EogrEH$dmŠ`VmH$s Mm¡IQ>‘| Bg gmao à{VnmÚ-{df`H$mo {ZhmaZona ‘h{f© ~mXamÙHo$""emñÌ`mo{ZËdmV²'' nXà`moJH$m à`moOZ ^r Hw$N> ñnîQ> hmo nmVm h¡.

AmYw{ZH$ H$B© AmbmoMH$m|H$mo EH$ Am¡a {Z‘y©b YmaUm AË`{YH$ naoemZH$aVr ahVr h¡ {H$ ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©Zo, Š`m|{H$, Xg Cn{ZfXm|, ~«ô‘gyÌAm¡a ^JdX²JrVm na ^mî`àU`Z {H$`m, EVmdVm àñWmZÌ`rH$mo hr ~«ô‘ê$nà{VnmÚ-{df`Ho$ ~mao‘| à‘mU ‘mZZm Mm{hò. AÝ` nwamU Am{XH$mo ZhtdmñV{dH$Vm O~{H$ `h h¡ {H$ lre§H$amMm ©H$s CnOrì` VWmH${WV àñWmZÌ`rAnZo Abmdm AÝ` ^r doXm|H$s A§Jmonm§Jm{Xê$n eãXam{eH$mo à‘mU ‘mZ H$aMbr h¡. `h ñdmÜ`m`~«mô‘UHo$ dMZHo$ AmYmana hr Zht àË wV ^JdX²JrVmHo$^r-

""Bg d¡dñdV `moJH$m CnXoe ‘¢ nhbo ^r Xo MwH$m hÿ§... BgoAZoH$ amO{f©Am|Zo ^br^m§{V OmZm-‘mZm'' (^J.JrVm.4&1-2)


66 67

""F${fAm|Zo ~hþV àH$mago H$hm h¡, {d{dY N>ÝXm|‘| ^rn¥WŠn¥WH$ ar{Vgo H$hm J`m h¡. hoVw XagmZodmbo ~«ô‘gyÌnXm|‘| ^r{d{ZpíMV {H$`m J`m h¡'' (^J.JrVm.13&4).

""g^r doXm|‘| ‘oao hr ~mao‘| kmZmonXoe {H$`m J`m h¡''(^J.JrVm.15&15).

AWm©V² d¡dñdV `moJH$s H$moB© ‘m¡pIH$ naånamH$mo AmYma ~Zm H$a ^r^JdmZ² AO©wZH$mo àñVwV JrVmonXoe H$a aho h¢. Bgr Vah gH$b doXm|‘| à{VnmÚ{df`, AmnmVV… AZoH${dY ‘ÝÌ, `km{X-H$‘©{d{Y, CnmgZm Am¡a àH$Q>gH$b Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$s ~«ô‘monmXmZH$VmHo$ àôXm|‘| n¥WŠn¥WH²$ Ad^m{gVhmoZona^r {H$gr EH$ hr VÎdH$m AZoH$ê$nm|‘| à{VnmXZ h¡.

Bgr Vah ~mXamÙ ‘h{f©Ûmam {da{MV ~«ô‘gyÌm|‘| ^r, em§H$a ^mñH$aam‘mZwO ‘mÜd Am{X ^mî`m|Ho$ AZwgma, AYmo{Z{X©îQ> gyÌm|Ho$ gÑe AZoH$ gyÌm|‘|"ñ‘¥{V' nXÛmam ^JdX²JrVoVa nwamUm|H$mo ^r A{^àoV ‘mZm hr J`m h¡ :

em§H$a ^mî`‘| : 2&3&47, 3&1&14 VWm 4&2&14.^mñH$a^mî`‘| : 2&3&47, 3&1&15 VWm 4&2&14.am‘mZwO^mî`‘| : 2&3&46, 3&1&15 VWm 4&2&13.‘mÜd^mî`‘| : 2&3&47, 3&1&20 VWm 4&2&14.

AV… Ho$db àñWmZÌ`rna, Š`m|{H$ em§H$a ^mî` CnbãY hmoVm h¡, AWdm{H$gr à`moOZ{deofHo$ H$maU VrZ J«ÝWm|na hr ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©Zo ^mî`àH$Q> {H$ o, Ho$db BVZo jwÐ AmYmana VWmH${WV àñWmZÌ`rH$mo ^r {OZemñÌm|H$m ñdg‘mZ àm‘mÊ` A{^àoV hmo CÝh| Aà‘mU `m Jm¡U Zht ‘mZm OmgH$Vm h¡. AmYw{ZH$ AmbmoMH$ Bgo {ZJ‘mJ‘m|Ho$ ~mao‘| VH©$hrZ lÕm ^r ‘mZgH$Vo h¢. àíZ naÝVw VH$m}nnÝZ lÕm `m VH©$hrZ lÕm H$m Zht àË wV ñd § BZemñÌm|H$mo AnZo A{^àm`m{dîH$aU‘| {H$Z-{H$Z AÝ` emñÌm|H$s g§J{VH$m{ZYm©aU Adí`mZwð>o ‘r‘m§gmH$‘© bJVm h¡, CgH$m h¡.

Cgo g‘PZm hmo Vmo ‘h{f© `mñH$H$s o n§pŠV`m§ ‘wPo AVrd ‘ZZr` bJVr

h¢ : ""‘ÝÌm|H$m n¥WŠV`m {Zd©MZ Zht H$aZm Mm{h o.

àH$aUe… {Zd©MZ H$aZm Mm{h o (""‘ÝÌm|Ho$ àH$aU hmoVo h¢ :`mJàH$aU X¡dVàH$aU AÜ`mË‘àH$aU Am¡a B{VhmgàH$aU'' :F$ÁdW©ì`m»`m) Š`m|{H$ BZ ‘ÝÌm|H$m àË`j kmZ F${fAm| `mVnpñdAm| Ho$ Abmdm AÝ` {H$grH$mo Zht hmoVm h¡. namod ©doÎmmAm|‘|^r Omo dñVwV… ^y`gr {dÚmdmbo hmoVo h¢ dohr àeñ` hmoVoh¢...F${fAm|H$mo CËH«$‘U H$aVo XoI H$a ‘Zwî`m|Zo Xodm|go nyN>m-H$m¡ZA~ h‘mao ~rM F${f ~Z nm oJm?-CZ XodVmAm|Zo `h VH©$ê$n F${f‘Zwî`m|H$mo gm|nm ‘ÝÌmWm]Ho$ {MÝVZÛmam Aä`yh `m Aä`yh²i H$anmZoH$mo ‘Zwî`H$mo g‘W© ~Zm`m J`m h¡. AV… Omo Hw$N> doXdoÎmm Aä yhH$aVo h¢ dh Amf© ~Z OmVm h¡'' ({ZK.{Zé.13&1&13).

AWm©V² AnZr {Xì` g‘m{Y Ûmam ‘ÝÌXe©Z H$a nmZodmbo F${f`m|Ho$ wJHo$~rV OmZona ^r XodVmAm|Zo ‘ÝÌmW©Ho$ D$h `m VH©$ H$a nmZoH$s Amf© gm‘Ï ©‘Zwî`m|Ho$ ~rM N>mo‹S> a»Ir h¡. AVEd ñd § F$½doX‘| ^r `h H$hm J`m h¡ ""öXmVîQ>ofw ‘Zgmo Odofw `X² ~«mô‘Um… g§ OÝVo gIm`…. AÌ Ah Ëd§ {dOõþ…doÚm{^…, Amoh~«ô‘mUmo {dMapÝV C Ëdo'' (F$Šg§{h.8&2&24). AWm©V² ‘ÝÌmW©Ho$D$h H$aZo‘| Ag‘W© F$pËdH²$H$m Ë`mJ H$aHo$, Amoh~«ô‘ F$pËdOm|H$mo AnZo gmWaIo aIZm Mm{h o. Bg F$Mm‘| à wŠV "Amoh~«ô‘' nXH$s {ZépŠV‘| H$hm J`mh¡ """Amoh~«ô‘'=D$h {OZH$m ~«ô‘ hmo'' ({ZK.{Zé.13&1&13).AVEd‘Zwñ‘¥{V‘| ^r ""àË`j AZw‘mZ Am¡a {d{dYmJ‘dmbm emñÌ `m| VrZm|H$mo^br^m§{V OmZ boZm Mm{hò, `{X Y‘©ew{Õ A{^b{fV hmo Vmo. Amf©Y‘m}nXoe Am¡a doXemñÌm|go A{damoYr Omo VH©$ hmo BZgo Omo OmZm Om o EogoH$‘©H$mo hr gÀMm Y‘© g‘PZm AÝ`H$mo Zht... doXm|‘| AZwn{XîQ>Y‘©gË`Y‘© H¡$go hmo gH$Vm h¡? Eogr Ame§H$m hmoZona {Ogo doXk {eîQ> ~«mô‘UY‘© ‘mZ| Cgo {Z…e§H$ hmo H$a AZwgaZm Mm{h o. {OÝhm|Zo A§J-Cnm§Jm|Ho$gmW doXm|H$m AÜ``Z Y‘©nyd©H$ {H$`m hmo CÝh| {eîQ> ~«mô‘U OmZZo Mm{h o''(‘Zwñ‘¥.12&105-109). AWm©V² d¡{XH$ emñÌr` {df` AnZo BX§ mdm§e‘|


68 69

gwn[a^m{fVV`m n[apÀN>ÝZ hmoZona^r BËW§^mdm§e‘| CÝh| An[a^mfmh©An[apÀN>ÝZV`m ‘mÝ` aIm J`m h¡, ñd § ‘ÝÌ ~«mô‘U AmaÊ`H$ Cn{ZfX² doXm§Jñ‘¥{V nwamU Am¡a B{Vhmg Am{X emñÌr` eãXam{eH$m {df` ‘mZ H$a

AVEd g§{hVmAm|‘| "~«ô‘' nX ""~«ô‘m{U ‘o ‘V`…'', ""~«ô‘Um X¡ì oZ{dídoXodm… nwîH$ao ËdmXXÝV…'' (F$Šg§{h.1&165&4, 5&3&24) H$‘© `mVËà{VnmXH$ eãXam{eH$m dmMH$ Wm. dhr "~«ô‘' nX ""EH§$ gX² {dàm…~hþYm dXpÝV'' (F$Šg§{h.1&164&46) O¡go g§{hVmdMZm|‘| {Zê${nV "gX²'ê$n AW©H$m dmMH$ Cn{ZfX²dMZm|‘| ~Z J`m. `Wm : """›' `h EH$ Ajah¡, {OgHo$ ì`m»`mZV`m g~ Cn{XîQ> hþdm h¡, yVH$mbrZ dV©‘mZH$mbrZAm¡a ^{dî`ËH$mbrZ Omo r hmo. BZHo$ Abmdm ^r Omo Hw$N> {ÌH$mbmVrV h¡Cgo r ›H$ma OmZm|. Š`m|{H$ `h g~ Hw$N> ~«ô‘ h¡, `h AmË‘m ~«÷ h¡''(‘mÊSw>.Cn.1).

BZ BVaoVa{déÕ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$s ‘m¡{bH$ EH$VmH$mo Ho$db Ñí`‘r‘m§gm‘|n[apÀN>ÝZ ‘mZZoHo$ ~Om` Xe©Z‘r‘m§gm VH$ AZwd¥Îm ‘mZ| Vmo lrJm¡S>nmXmMm ©H$sVµO©na CZH$s H$m[aH$m‘| Wmo‹S>o-~hmoV h¡a’¡$aHo$ gmW `h H$hZoH$mo öX` CËgwH$ hmoOmVm h¡ {H$ ""ñd{gÕmÝVì`dñWmgw Û¡{VZmo {ZpíMVm… ÑT>§ Vofm‘² Bh {damoYmoApñV. V¡… B § (EH$mË‘H$Vm ) Z {déÕçVo'' (ÐîQ>.‘mÊSw>.H$m[a.3&17).

Bg Vah d¡{XH$ Amf© naånam‘| ‘mÝ` MVwX©e{dÚmñWmZê$n emñÌm|H$mBVaoVa{Z ©a ñdê$n àm‘mÊ` Am¡a EH$dmŠ`Vm H$s ê$naoIm XoI boZoHo$ ~mX Bg~mao‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s {deof AdYmaUmHo$ {d‘em©W© AJ«ga hþdm Om gH$Vmh¡.

(4.lm¡V emñÌm|H$m ñdê$n àm‘mÊ` Am¡a EH$dmŠ`Vm Ho$ ~mao‘| dmëb^doXmÝVH$s AdYmaUm)

gd©àW‘ Vmo dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| doX Am¡a doXoVa emñÌm|H$s hr eãXam{eH$moZht A{nVw bm¡{H$H$ eãXam{eH$mo ^r EH$‘odm{ÛVr` ~«ô‘H$m AàmH¥$V `m

àmH¥$V Zm‘mË‘H$ {dñVma ‘mZm J`m h¡ ""^JdmZ² H¥$îU dñVwV… AX² wVH$‘m©h¢. do ñd § AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$n YmaU H$a H«$s‹S>m H$aVo h¢, do OJV²Ho$ ê$n‘|AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$n YmaU H$a ^r H«$s‹S>m H$aVo h¢, Bgr Vah CÝh| A{Yð>mZ ~ZmH$a AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$n H«$s‹S>m H$aVo h¢'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&1). BZ {Ì{dY àH$mam|H$sZm‘-ê$n-H$‘©Ì`r‘| EH$, gpÀMXmZÝXê$n ~«ô‘Ho$ gX§e {MX§e `m AmZÝXm§eHo$ {Vamo md {~Zm, àH$Q> hmoVr h¡. Xygar VahH$s Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©Ì`r AmZÝXm§eH$mo{Vamo{hV H$aHo$ àH$Q> hmoVr h¡, gXmË‘H$ `m {MXmË‘H$. Vrgar VahH$s Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©Ì`r ~mh² yV gX§e‘| àH$Q> hþdo {~Zm Ho$db {MÐÿn A{Yð>mZ‘| ~mh² V`m^m{gV hmoVr h¡.

`m| {Ì{dY g¥pîQ>Ho$ àH$mam|Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ÛVr` àH$maHo$ ê$nànÄM Am¡aZm‘ànÄM H$m VwbZmË‘H$ ñdê$n ‘hmà w `m| {XIbmVo h¢ :

""^JdmZ² AnZo nm§M ê$nm|Ho$ Ûmam ê$nànÄMHo$ H$Vm© ~ZVo h¢: H$mb H$‘© ñd^md {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m àH¥${V Am¡a Ajam§e^yVnwéfg‘pîQ>. Zm‘ànÄM‘|, {H$ÝVw, BZ nm§M ê$nm|H$s Anojm ZhtaIVo. AnÄMrH¥$Vê$n AmgÝ` gyÌmË‘m h[a ñd`§ gwfwåUm‘mJ©Ho$Ûmam ì`ŠV hmo H$a eãX~«ô‘Ho$ ê$n‘| àH$m{eV hmoVo h¢... dU© nXVWm dmŠ` o ^JdmZ²Ho$ VrZ Zm‘mË‘H$ ê$n ‘mZo J o h¢. bmoH$‘|dU© Am¡a nX A{dH¥$V hmoVo h¡ {H$ÝVw doX‘| Vmo VrZm| hr dU© nX Am¡admŠ` lrh[aHo$ ñd §Ym[aV ê$n h¢. dU© hm| `m nX ‘yb‘| Vmo g^r^JdX²dmMH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU gdm©W©H$ hmoVo h¢. AV… {H$gr^r `mg^r dmÀ`mW©Ho$ dmMH$ do hmo gH$Vo h¢. Vmo ^r epŠVg§H$moMHo$ debmoH$‘| {deofmW©Ho$ »`mnH$ ~Z OmVo h¢''(V.Xr.{Z.à.2&150-153).

""ê$ng¥pîQ> gmÝV hmoVr h¡ na Zm‘g¥pîQ> AZÝV. ê$ng¥pîQ> ñWybhmoVr h¡ O~{H$ Zm‘g¥pîQ> gyú‘. ê$ng¥pîQ> {dH¥$V hmoVr h¡ O~{H$Zm‘g¥pîQ> Hy$Q>ñW A{dH¥$V hmoVr h¡. ê$ng¥pîQ> OS>ê$n hmoVr h¡ O~{H$Zm‘g¥pîQ> ~moYê$n hmoVr h¡'' (^mJ.gw~mo.10&13&43).


70 71

`hm§ Omo d¡{XH$ dU© nX Am¡a dmŠ`m| H$mo gmjmV² h[aê$n ‘mZm h¡ dhAmZÝXm§eHo$ A{Vamo mdHo$ A{^àm`de h¡. BgHo$ {dnarV bm¡{H$H$ dU© nXdmŠ`m| ‘| Ohm§ AmZÝXm§e m ~«ô‘Ëd H$m {Vamo md ‘mZm h¡ dhm§ r H$maUnaåna`m~«ô‘mË‘H$Vm AjwÊU hmoZona ^r, ~«mpô‘H$ {MX§eê$n Omo OrdmË‘m hmoVr h¢ CZHo$Y‘© yV M¡VÝ`ê$n dU© nX dmŠ` hmoVo h¢ Eogm A{^àm` h¡. AmZÝXm§eHo$ àH$Q>ahZona Vmo Ad^m{gV hmoVo nXmW©, `{X AmÝVa hm| Vmo AmÝVa gpÀMXmZÝXmË‘H$hr hmoVo h¢. AÝ`Wm ~mh² V`m Ad^m{gV hmoVo hm| Vmo CZH$s ~mh² gÎmm ^r hmoVrh¡, Mmho O¡gr ^r hmo. AmZÝXm§eHo$ {Vamo{hV hmo OmZona, {H$ÝVw, Ad{eîQ>{MX§e‘| Ad^m{gV hmoVo Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©, `{X ~mh² V`m Ad^m{gV hmoVo hm| VmoAÝ`»`m{V( «mpÝV)ê$n ‘mZo OmVo h¢. AÝ`Wm AmÝVaV`m Ad^m{gV hmoZonaCZH$m AÝ`»`m{Vê$n hmoZm Amdí`H$ Zht. `h ^mJdVgw~mo{YZrHo$ Cn w©Õ¥VdMZ‘| ê$ng¥pîQ> Am¡a Zm‘g¥pîQ> Ho$ BVaoVad¡bjÊ`Ho$ AmYmana A{YH$ ñnîQ> hmoOmVm h¡. Bgo {dñVmanyd©H$ g‘PZm hmo Vmo Jmoñdm‘r lrnwéfmoÎm‘H¥$V "àñWmZaËZmH$a'Zm‘H$ J«ÝWHo$ CnH«$‘Ho$ AdbmoH$ZÛmam g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡.

Bg ì`dñWm‘| doXoVa, doXHo$ g^r, A§Jm| Am¡a Cnm§Jm| Ho$ ~mao‘|, CÝh|bm¡{H$H$ Zm‘ê$n ‘mZZona ^r, CZHo$ ñdê$n Am¡a àm‘mÊ` Ho$ {Zdm©hm©W CZH$mdoXm{damoYr hmoZm A{Zdm`© {ZH$f ‘mZm J`m h¡. Ho$db ^JdX²JrVm Am¡alr‘X² mJdVnwamU H$mo nwZ… AndmXê$noU gmjmX² ^JdXmË‘H$ ‘mZm J`m h¡.4.gmW hr gmW dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| Y‘© `m ~«ô‘ ê$nr AWm]Ho$ à{VnmXZm¡n{`H$ BZemñÌm|H$s àm‘mÊ`ì`dñWm ^r {gÕmÝVm{^‘V à{H«$`mHo$ AZwgma {ZYm©[aV H$sJ`r h¡. `h àm‘mÊ`ì`dñWm VbMVwîQ>`mpË‘H$m h¡ :

1emñÌVmËn ©{OkmgmH$mbrZ `m CnXoeH$mbrZ àmW{‘H$ àm‘mÊ`Vb.2VmËn ©~moYmoÎmaH$mbrZ {ÛVr` Vb.3~«ô‘gmjmËH$mamoÎmaH$mbrZ V¥Vr` Vb.4^JdXdVmaH$mbrZ MVwW© Vb.

BÝh| g§jon‘| g‘P boZoHo$ ~mX hr VmpÝÌH$mJ‘m|Ho$ ñdê$n àm‘mÊ` Am¡aEH$dmŠ`Vm Ho$ ~mao‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s AdYmaUmAm|H$mo gwMméV`m ~w{ÕJVH$a nmZm eŠ` ~ZVm hmoZogo VXW© àd¥Îm hmoZm C{MV hmoJm.

1emñÌVmËn ©{OkmgmH$mbrZ `m CnXoeH$mbrZ àmW{‘H$ àm‘mÊ`Vb : BgVbna A{^‘V àm‘mÊ`ì`dñWmHo$ ~mao‘| ‘hmà wH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ VÎdV… ~«ô‘An[ag§» o {déÕY‘m]H$m EH$ A{déÕ Aml` hmoVm h¡. `h ‘mÝ` Z hmoZonaCgHo$ BVaoVa{déÕ Y‘m]Ho$ AÝVJ©V {H$gr EH$ Y‘©{deofH$m à{VnmXZ H$aZodmbreãXam{eÛmam AdJV hmoVo CgHo$ Y‘©go {déÕ AÝ` {H$gr Y‘©H$m à{VnmXZH$aZodmbr eãXam{e Ho$ gwZm`r XoZona nañna ì`mhVmW©Ho$ à{VnmXZH$s àVr{VhmoZr ñdm^m{dH$ h¡. AVEd dh lmoVmHo$ ^rVa à{‘{V àH$Q> Zht H$a nmVr. EogrpñW{V‘| ~«ô‘Ho$ ñdê$nH$mo WmW©V`m g‘PZm hmo Vmo doX JrVm nydm}Îma‘r‘m§gmgyÌAm¡a mJdVnwamUH$s g‘m{Y^mfm m| BZ Mmam| emñÌm|H$s EH$dmŠ`Vm An[ahm ©V`m‘r‘m§ñ` ~ZVr h¡.

AV… doXHo$ ‘w»` A{^àm`Ho$ ~mao‘| CR>Vo gÝXohm|H$mo JrVmHo$ CnXoem|Ho$AmYmana {ZdmaU H$aZona hr dh g‘P‘| Am gH$Vm h¡. JrVmHo$ ‘w»` A{^àm`Ho$~mao‘| CR>Vo gÝXohm|H$mo Bgr Vah CŠV gyÌm|Ho$ AZwgma {ZdmaU H$aZm Mm{h o.VWm gyÌm|Ho$ à‘wI A{^àm`Ho$ ~mao‘| CR>Vo gÝXohm|H$mo ^mJdVnwamUHo$ AmYmana{Zd¥Îm H$a boZm Mm{h o. `m| Mmam|Ho$ Mmam| emñÌm|H$s EH$dmŠ`Vm OmZ boZrAmdí`H$ hmoVr h¡. Bg Vbna BZHo$ BVaoVag‘pÝdV A{^àm`go {déÕ bJVog^r dMZ Aà‘mU hmo OmVo h¢. AWm©V² lmoVmH$s ~w{Õ‘| à‘mHo$ OZH$ Zht hmonmVo.5

h à‘mUMVwîQ> rgo BVa emñÌm|Ho$ {Z{d©dmX ñdrH$m © àm‘mÊ`Ho$ AñdrH$aUmW©Z hmo H$a Ho$db {OkmgmH$mb‘| `m CnXoeH$mb‘| CZHo$ à‘mUV`m Adbå~ZHo$ñWJZmW© h¡. AVEd BVaoVampÝdV à‘mUMVwîQ>`rHo$ Ûmam AdJV hmoVo AW©Ho$EH$ ~ma gw{ZYm©[aV hmo OmZona g^r {damoYm^mgm|H$m n[ahma eŠ` ~Z OmVm h¡.AV… Bg MVwîQ>`rgo {^ÝZ emñÌm|Ho$ dMZm|Ho$ ldUHo$ g‘` Agå^mdZm `m{dnarV^mdZm C{XV Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU à{‘{V ^r àH$Q> hmo nmVr h¡.


72 73

2VmËn ©~moYmoÎmaH$mbrZ {ÛVr` Vb : CŠVà‘mUMVwîQ>`rH$s EH$dmŠ`VmnÝZeãXam{eHo$ àm‘mÊ`Ho$ AmYmana, Z{H$ BÝh| BVaoVa{Zanoj n¥WŠn¥WH²$ MmaàñWmZ ‘mZ H$a, à‘mU-à‘o`-gmYZ-’$bm|H$m ñdê$n ^br^m§{V {ZYm{a©VH$aZm Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡. V~ `h ghO hr g‘P‘| Am OmVm h¡ {H$ EH$‘odA{ÛVr` ~«ô‘ O~ g^r ê$nm|H$mo YmaU H$a ñd § AZoH${dYV`m àH$Q> hþdm h¡Vmo Cg ~«ô‘‘| nañna {damoYr ê$n hmoZm O¡go EH$ ñdm^m{dH$ H$Wm h¡, d¡go hrAZoH${dY CgHo$ {Zê$nUm|‘| ^r BVaoVa{déÕVm ^r ñdm^m{dH$V`m hmoZr hr h¡AV… ""Bg Vah nyU© kmZHo$ CX` hmoZogo nyd© Omo à‘mUV`m J«mh² hmoVo h¢CZH$m {Zê$nU H$a emñÌVmËn ©H$m br^m§{V ~moY hmo OmZona {H$go à‘mU‘mZZm `h H$hVo h¢-dmÀ`mW© Vmo ^JdmZ² hr hmoVo h¢ AV… H$moB© r `m g^rdMZ à‘mU hr hmoVo h¢-Zm‘brbm ^r brbmH$m EH$ AÝ`Va à oX hmoZogoVWm ^JdmZ²Ho$ gd©ê$n hmoZogo ^r-ê$nbrbmH$s Vah Zm‘brbmHo$ AZoH${dôX hmoVo h¢. AV… ZmZm{dY dmŠ` àd¥Îm hþdo h¢-BVaoVa{déÕV`mAd^m{gV hmoVo nXmWm]‘| {H$gr Vah A{damoY ImoOm Om gHo$ Vmo g^rdMZ à‘mU hr hmoVo h¢-àVr`‘mZ {damoYm^mgH$m n[ahma Xmo Vah gå^dh¡ : ^JdËgm‘Ï`©Ho$ {dMmade ^JdmZ²H$mo Abm¡{H$H$ àH$maH$m à‘o`ñdrH$ma H$a AWdm ^JdmZ²Ho$ gd©ê$n hmoZoHo$ VH©$Ho$ AmYmana''(V.Xr.{Z.à.1&9).

`h, {H$ÝVw, à‘mUMVwîQ>`rHo$ {ZîH¥$îQ>mW©Ho$ gw{ZYm©[aV hmoZona ñdà{Vn{ÎmH$mogwÑ‹T> ~ZmZoH$mo Cn{XîQ> AmídñVVm h¡. dmXH$mb‘|, naÝVw, à{VdmXrHo$ à{VnÎ`W©‘hmà w h r Kmo{fV H$aVo h¢ {H$ ""{ZpIb doXdmŠ`, AZoH${dY am‘mÙ,‘hm^maV, AZoH${dY nmÄMamÌmJ‘, AÝ` ^r AZoH$ emñÌdMZm| VWm‘h{f© ~mXamÙHo$ ~«ô‘gyÌm| H$mo ^r àñVwV à{VnmXZHo$ AZwHy$b h‘ nmVoh¢'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&104). AVEd VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYHo$ àW‘ emñÌmW©àH$aU‘|à‘mUMVwîQ>`rH$m {ZH$f à{Vð>m{nV H$aHo$, {ÛVr` gd©{ZU© àH$aUHo$ CnàH$aUm|‘|lw{V ñ‘¥{V nwamU B{Vhmg {ejm H$ën ì`mH$aU {ZéŠV N>ÝX Á`mo{Vf goídagm§»`goída`moJ dmpë‘{H$am‘mÙ Am{X AZoH$mZoH$ à‘mUMVwîQ>`rgo {^ÝZ d¡{XH${eîQ>naånam‘| ‘mÝ` à‘mUm|H$m ñdê$n àm‘mÊ` Am¡a EH$dmŠ`Vm ‘hmà^wZoà{Vnm{XV H$s h¡. Bg Vbna d¡{XH$ naånam‘| A‘mÝ` `m doX{damoYr {gÕmÝVm|Ho$

dMZ Aà‘mU ‘mZo J o h¢. AVEd Bg Vbna ‘hmà wHo$ Hw$N> {dYmZ AdYoh ¢ ""~«ô‘ Vm o Ho$db Cn{ZfX²doÚ h¡ emñÌmÝVadoÚ Zht. AV…~«ô‘‘r‘m§gmnaH$ ~mXamÙgyÌ `{X H$moB© ñdVÝÌ emñÌ hmo Vmo CgH$mAdbå~Z H$a CËnÝZ hþdm kmZ ~«ô‘kmZ Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm... AV…doXmW©ê$n ~«ô‘H$m doXmZwHy$b {dMma H$V©ì` ~ZVm h¡... `h ~«ô‘{Okmgmñd § ~«ô‘Ho$ ~mao‘| Zht hmoVr, Š`m|{H$ {H$go gÝXoh hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ~«ô‘ h¡`m Zht? `h {Okmgm Vmo ~«ô‘go gå~Õ H$B© gmar gÝXohmñnX ~mVm|H$s{Okmgm h¡... V~ Vmo ~«ô‘à‘mOZH$ doXm|H$m àm‘mÊ` ^r `hm§ {gÕ H$aZmMm{h o Wm naÝVw dh Vmo g^r gh^mJr {dMmaH$m|H$mo ‘mÝ` hmoZogo H$aZmAZmdí`H$ h¡'' (~«.gy.dm.^m.1&1&1). AWm©V² doX Am{X emñÌm|H$mo à‘mU Z‘mZZodmboHo$ gmW ~«ô‘{dMmaH$mo AàgŠV ‘mZm J`m h¡.

3 ~«ô‘gmjmËH$mamoÎmaH$mbrZ V¥Vr` Vb : Bg VbHo$ ~mao‘| ^JdËnmXlre§H$amMm © Am¡a ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © Ho$ ~rM EH$ {dbjU EoH$‘Ë` h¡ {H$~«ô‘Ho$ gmjmËH$mago nyd© lw{V BË`m{X emñÌ hr ~«ô‘ê$n à‘o Ho$ à‘mU hmoVo h¢naÝVw gmjmËH$maHo$ ~mX ñdmZw d ^r à‘mU ~Z OmVm h¡. `h O¡go ^JdËnmXH$hVo h¢ ""Y‘©{Okmgm‘| Ho$db lw{V BË`m{X emñÌ hr à‘mU hmoVo h¢ {H$ÝVw~«ô‘H$s {Okmgm‘| Eogm {Z`V Zht, Š`m|{H$ hm§ Vmo lw{V BË`m{X emñÌm|H$sVah AZw d Am{X ^r `Wmgå^d à‘mU ~ZVo hr h¢, Š`m|{H$ ~«ô‘kmZH$mAZw d‘| n ©dgmZ hmoZm Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡, {gÕdñVwHo$ ~mao‘| hmoZoHo$ H$maU^r. H$V©ì`Ho$ ~mao‘| AZw^dH$s Anojm Zht hmoVr AV… lw{V BË`m{XemñÌm|H$mo Ho$db à‘mU ‘mZZm n‹S>Vm h¡'' (~«.gy.em§.^m.1&1&2). Bgr Vah‘hmà wH$m ^r H$hZm h¡ {H$ ""~«ô‘Ho$ ~mao‘| Xmo Vahgo {ZíM` hmo nmVm h¡ :emñÌÛmam Am¡a AZw dÛmam ^r. `hm§ AdYo h¡ {H$ emñÌ Ho$db BVZm hrH$hVo h¢ {H$ AZ{YH$marH$mo ~«ô‘gmjmËH$ma Zht hmoVm, na A{YH$marH$mohmoVo ~«ô‘mZw dH$s ì`m»`mna emñÌ {Z ©a Zht hmoVo. Š`m|{H$ Eogm hmo VmoemñÌ ~«ô‘kmZrHo$ kmZHo$ Ho$db AZwdmXH$ ~Z OmZoHo$ H$maU à‘mU Zhtah Om |Jo. AV… AmË‘m Am¡a ~«ô‘ Ho$ à{VnmXH$ Cn{ZfX² AZ{YH$marH$mogmjmËH$ma Zht hmoVm BVZm hr H$hVo h¢'' (^mJ.gw~mo.3&15&49). EVmdVm{gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ EH$‘od A{ÛVr` ~«ô‘Ho$ gd© dZgm‘Ï © Am¡a Aà{VhVg§H$ën


74 75

Ho$ AZwgma àH$Q>o brbmË‘H$ Û¡Vm|‘| {Kar ~w{Õ {OZ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ nañna{damoYm^mgm|H$m ñdê$n¡Š`mZwamoYr g‘mYmZ ImoO Zht nmVr, do g^r {damoYm^mg~«ô‘gmjmËH$maHo$ ~mX ~w{ÕH$mo «{‘V Zht H$a gH$Vo. AVEd ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢{H$ ê$ng¥pîQ>‘| Û¡VH$mo ñdrH$ma H$aHo$ ^r Mb| V~^r, Zm‘g¥pîQ> Omo OrdMoVZmHo$Y‘©V`m gZmVZ gyú‘ Hy$Q>ñW M¡VÝ`ê$nm hmoVr h¡, Cg‘| Vmo {Z`VV`m Û¡V `{X{‘Ï`m Z ‘mZm Om o Vmo d¡bjÊ` àH$Q> Zht hmoJm. Am¡a Û¡VH$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZZonaê$ng¥pîQ>H$m ~moY Zm‘g¥pîQ>Ho$ AmYmana eŠ` Zht ah Om oJm. ‘hmà w, naÝVw,^mJdVn wa mUH o $ ""ZmZmdmXmZwam oYm` dmÀ`dmMH$eŠVò''(^mJ.nwam.10&13&43) H$s ì`m»`m‘| `h Am¡a à{VnmXZ H$aVo h¢ {H$ {gÕmÝV{gÕmÝVm^mg {gÕmÝVnmfÊS> ê$nr Omo AZoH$ dmX OJV²‘| àd{V©V h¢, CZ g^rdmXm|Ho$ Ûmam O¡gm ^r ~«ô‘H$m {Zê$nU hmoVm h¡, d¡gm ê$n ~«ô‘ YmaU H$a boVmh¡, CZ-CZ dmXm|H$mo ñdrH$maZodmbo {d{^ÝZ A{YH$m[aAm|Ho$ à{V. ^JdmZ²‘|AW©dmZ² AZÝV dmMH$ nXm| VWm CZHo$ dmÀ`mW© AZÝV ê$nm|H$mo YmaU H$aZoH$sepŠV hmoVr h¡. AV… Omo dŠVm `m dmXr O¡gm ñdê$n {Og VÎdH$m à{VnmXZH$aZm MmhVm h¡, d¡gm CgHo$ {b o ghOê$noU eŠ` hmo nmVm h¡ (ÐîQ>. :^mJ.gw~mo.10&13&43). AVEd ‘hmà wH$s `h ^r YmaUm h¡ {H$ lw{V‘| ^r Omonañna {damoYm^mgr {Zê$nU {‘bVo h¢ CZH$m à‘wI A{^àm` ~«ô‘ê$n EH$mW©‘|CZH$s EH$dmŠ`VmH$m CnXoe H$aZm h¡. `h EH$dmŠ`Vm ~«ô‘Ho$ gd© dZg‘W©hmoZoHo$ H$maU {déÕY‘m©l` hmoZoHo$ A{^àm`de h¡. `h ghO gå^d h¡ {H${d{dY dmXm|Ho$ nwañH$Vm© {MÝVH$ ñd § ~«ô‘Ho$ nañna {damoYr JwUm|Ho$ à{VnmXZHo$A{^àm`de AnZo-AnZo dmX Z ^r àñWm{nV H$aVo hm|; Am¡a Bg AW©‘| CZH$sgr{‘V YmaUmHo$ AZwgma ~«ô‘ CZHo$ dmXH$m à{VnmÚ Z ^r hmo naÝVw {d{^ÝZdmXm|Ho$ nwañH$Vm© {MÝVH$m|H$m Omo A{^àm` hmo dh CZHo$ öX`‘| âm aho CZHo$‘wIgo {Z…g¥V hmoVo dMZ Vmo gañdVrê$n hmoZogo EH$dX² mdmnÝZ hr hmoVo h¢. AV…EH$-EH$ dmX ~«ô‘Ho$ EH$-EH$ Y‘©H$m à{VnmXH$ hmoZogo lwË`m{X emñÌm|Ho$‘hmdmŠ`H$m dmŠèof(dmŠ`mW©nyaH$ A§e) hr hmoVm h¡. AV… ^JdmZ² g^rdmXm|H$m AZwgaU H$aVo h¢ (ÐîQ>. : V.Xr.{Z.à.1&70).

ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ Eogr Anamoj à{‘{V ~«ô‘gmjmËH$mago nyd© H$W‘{n eŠ` hmoZht nmVr. Bg AW©‘| dmL²>‘mÌH$m àm‘mÊ` ~«ô‘Ho$ Anamoj ~moYgo nyd© Z ^r

J¥hrV hmo nmVm hmo na ~«ô‘kmZrH$mo J¥hrV hmoZm hr Mm{h o.

4 ^JdXdVmaH$mbrZ MVwW© Vb : na~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² nwéfmoÎm‘Ho$yVbna AdVmaH$mb‘| Cg na‘VÎdH$mo CgHo$ ‘ybê$n‘| OmZ `m nhMmZ nmZoH$s

gmar à‘mUì`dñWm CbQ>-nbQ> hmo OmVr h¡. H$hm OmVm h¡ ""dh na‘mË‘mAOm`‘mZ hmoZona^r ~hþYm OÝ‘J«hU H$aVm ahVm h¡. BgH$m ahñ`, naÝVw,H$moB© {dabm Yra nwéf hr OmZ nmVm h¡'', ""AO Aì``mË‘m àm{UAm|H$mB©ída hmoZona ^r ‘¢ AnZr àH¥${V‘| A{Y{ð>V hmo H$a AmË‘epŠVÛmam àH$Q>hmoVm ahVm hÿ§'' (V¡{Îm.Ama.3&13&3, ^J.JrVm.4&6). AVEd ‘hmà w H$hVoh¢ ""kmZ Am¡a ^pŠV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ emñÌ ^JdmZ²Ho$ `WmW© ~moY `mgmjmËH$ma Ho$ hoVw hmoVo h¢. ^JdËñdê$n ñd § ^r, Eogo hr, ñd §Ho$ `WmW©~moYH$m H$^r hoVw ~Z OmVm h¡... Š`m|{H$ kmZ `m ^pŠV H$m à`moOZ Vmo^JdmZ²H$mo àH$Q> H$aZm hmoVm h¡; naÝVw, ^JdmZ² ñdoÀN>`m H$^r-{H$ÝhtHo$g‘j àH$Q> hmo Om | Vmo {’$a kmZ-^pŠV A{H$pÄMËH$a ~Z OmVo h¢, CZHo$à{VnmXH$ emñÌm|H$s Vah'' (^mJ.gw~mo.10&26&13). d¡go Cn{ZfXm|Zo ~«ô‘H$moOmo ""AUwgo AUwVa Vmo ‘hmZ²go ‘hÎma'' (H$R>mon.2&20) ‘mZm, CgHo$AmYmana ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ ""AUwn[a‘mU boH$a àH$Q> hmoZona ^r ~«ô‘ì`mnH$VmH$m {Zdm©h `WmdV² H$a nmVm h¡, O¡go lrH¥$îU AnZr èmoXm‘¡ mH$s JmoX‘| boQ>o hþdo hmoZona^r {ZpIb ~«ô‘mÊS>Ho$ AmYma ~Zo ahVo h¢''(V.Xr.{Z.à.1&54). {H$gr ^r à‘mUH$m àm‘mÊ` CgH$s à‘o`^yV dñVwHo$gd©Wm AZwê$n hmoZona {Z ©a H$aVm h¡. naÝVw yVbna AdVrU© hmoZona ^JdmZ²O¡gm AnZm ñdê$n JwUY‘© `m brbm àH$Q> H$aVo h¢ VXZwgma emñÌ‘| `{X{Zê$nU Z^r {‘bVm hmo, EVmdVm Z Vmo Cg ñdoÀN>mJ¥hrV ê$n JwU `m brbmH$mo Am¡a Z CgHo$ Aà{VnmXH$ emñÌ{Zê$nUm| H$mo hr Aàm‘m{UH$ ‘mZm OmgH$Vm h¡. AdVma Am¡a AZdVma H$mbm|Ho$ ì`dpñWV {dH$ënHo$ AmYmana XmoZm|hr àm‘m{UH$ hmo gH$Vo h¢. ~«ô‘ê$n VÎd BËW§ md Am¡a A{ZËW§ md XmoZm|H$mo hrEH$hob`m dñVwV… àH$Q> H$aVm hmo Vmo BËW§^md~moYH$ à‘mUH$s VahA{ZËW§ md~moYH$ à‘mUH$mo ^r Aà‘mU ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm. ~«ô‘{deoî`H${H$Ýht {deof Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$s àH$maVmH$s ~moYH$ AZw y{V‘| Cg ~«ô‘Ho$AÝ` Ag§»` Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘© ^m{gV Z hmoVo hmo Vmo Ho$db BVZogo AnamYHo$


76 77

H$maU dh {deof-Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©-àH$maVmH$ AZw y{V Aàm‘m{UH$ ‘mZr ZhtOm gH$Vr. ‘yb‘| Vmo ~«ô‘ ""gmao Ho$ gmao ê$nm|H$mo YmaU H$a CZ-CZ ê$nm|Ho$AZwê$n Zm‘m|H$mo ^r YmaU H$aVm h¡'' ({MÎ wn.12&7) Bg dMZHo$ AZwgmaVÎmX² CXmhaU‘| VÎmV² Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘© hr àH$Q> H$aVm hmoZogo h‘mao à‘mUm|Ho$àm‘mÊ`Ho$ gmao {ZH$f ~«ô‘ê$n VÎdHo$ {Zê$nU‘| Qw>ÀMo {gÕ hmo OmVo h¢. AVEd^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdVmo AdVrU© hmoZoHo$ g‘`, ‘hmà w, `hm§ VH$ {Z…g§H$moM Kmo{fVH$a XoVo h¢ {H$ emñÌr` à‘mU à‘o gmYZ Am¡a ’$b Mmam| hr AdVmaH$mb‘|AÝ`WmonnÝZ ^r hmo gH$Vo h¢. `Wm AdVmaH$mb‘| ^JdmZ²Ho$ ZdOmV ~mbê$nAm¡a ~mbbrbm H$m ^mg `{X emñÌ{Zê${nV ^JdmZ²Ho$ AO gZmVZ ê$nH$sVwbZm‘| AkmZ `m AÝ`WmkmZ bJVm hmo Vmo, Cg brbmH$mb‘| Ym[aV ê$nH$sà{‘{V emñÌÑîQ²>çm AkmZ `m AÝ`WmkmZ ê${nUr hmoZona ^r brbm{dhmar^JdmZ²Ho$ WmW© ñdê$nH$s hr Ad~mo{YH$m ~Z OmVr h¡ ""AkmZ‘² AÝ`WmkmZ§à‘mU§ ^pŠVhoVwH$‘²'' (V.Xr.{Z.3&10&41-43). `hm§ "^pŠVhoVwH$‘²' nXbrbmË‘H$ ‘mZ{gH$ AmH$f©Ugo OÝ` Omo ^pŠV Cggo àH$Q> hmoZodmbm AkmZ`m AÝ`WmkmZ Ho$ A{^àm`de h¡. AVEd emñÌm|‘| {ZpÝXV H$m‘-H«$moY-^`-Ûof-‘moh Am{X ‘Zmod¥{Îm`m§ r JdËàmpßV‘|, AgmYZ Zht àË wV, ’$bmonKmVH$`m ~mYH$ hr hmoVr h¢. {’$a^r AdVmaH$mb‘| ^JdmZ² Mmh| Vmo do BîQ>V‘ ’$bH$sgmYZ ~Z OmVr h¢. ^mJdV‘| AmVm h¡ {H$ ""Jmo{nH$m | H$m‘^mdgo, H§$g^`^mdgo, M¡Ú Am{X Z¥n Ûof^md aI H$a, `mXdm|‘| d¥îUrHw$bdmbolrH¥$îUH$mo AnZm gJm-gå~ÝYr ‘mZ H$a...'' (^mJ.nwam.7&1&30) ~‹S>o-~‹S>o km{Z`m|H$mo Xwb© Eogo ^JdmZ²H$mo o AdVmaH$m{bH$ OZ gwb^V`m nm gHo$Bgr Vah à‘mU Am¡a à‘o ‘| ^r AÝ`Wm^md àH$Q> hmo gH$Vm h¡.

`m| ^JdmZ²Ho$ AdVrU© hmoZona à‘mU-à‘o -ì`dñWm Am¡a gmYZ-’$b-ì`dñWm ‘| g~ Hw$N> CbQ>m-nwbQ>m hmo OmVm h¡. h ~mV, naÝVw, AZdVmaH$mb‘|bmJy Zht H$s Om gH$Vr. Bg Vah lm¡V emñÌm|H$s àm‘mÊ`ì`dñWm‘| CËgJ© Am¡aAndmX ê$nr Mmam| Vbm|Ho$ {d‘e©Ho$ ~mX A~ gwIoZ nmÄMamÌ Am{X AmJ‘emñÌm|Ho$ñdê$n àm‘mÊ` Am¡a EH$dmŠ`Vm Ho$ {d‘e©Ho$ hoVw AJ«ga hþdm Om gH$Vm h¡.

(5.nmÄMamÌ Am{X AmJ‘emñÌm|H$m lm¡V {ZJ‘emñÌm|Ho$ gmW VwbZmË‘H$

ñdê$n àm‘mÊ` Am¡a EH$dmŠ`Vm)h‘Zo XoIm {H$ {Og lw{V Am¡a CgHo$ A§Jmonm§J yV `m CnmoX²~bH$ emñÌm|H$s

naånamJV eãXam{e; `m {Ogo àñVwV AmboInÌ‘| "{ZJ‘' nXgo {dd{jV ‘mZmJ`m h¡, dh VrZ-MVwWmªe AàH$Q> Am¡a EH$-MVwWmªe àH$Q> VÎdHo$ {Zê$nUmW©àd¥Îm hmoZodmbr AZw y{V ñ‘¥{V D$h `m CÝh| EH$gy{ÌV H$aZoH$mo {ZaÝVa àd¥Îm{MÝVZmË‘H$ à`ËZHo$ àdmhH$s EH$ A{dpÀN>ÝZ Ymam h¡. Cgo Hw$N> hOma `mbmI n¥ð>m|Ho$, Mmam| Amoago ~ÝX nmoIao‘| âr hþ r jwÐ Obam{e O¡gr, jwÐeãXam{e ‘mZr Zht Om gH$Vr ""AZÝVm… d¡ doXm…'' (V¡{Îm.~«mô‘.3&10&11&4).h‘Zo `h ^r XoIm {H$ H¡$go d¡{XH$ naånam‘| "AmJ‘' Am¡a "{ZJ‘' nX Xmo{d{^ÝZ àH$maHo$ emñÌm|Ho$ ~mao‘| {Z`VV`m à wŠV Z hmoZona ^r A{e{Wbê${‹T>Ho$ H$maU {d{^ÝZ Ame`m|H$mo àH$Q> H$aVo aho h¢. AV… nmÄMamÌ VÝÌHo$~mao‘| "AmJ‘' nXH$m à`moJ d¡{XH$ naånam‘| Amn{ÎmOZH$ hmo Zht gH$Vm.{’$a^r d¡îUdmJ‘m|H$mo, do Mmho d¡ImZgVÝÌ hm| `m nmÄMamÌVÝÌ hm|, doX‘ybH$‘mZZm `m doXm{damoYr AWdm doX{déÕ ‘mZZm `h {Okm{gVì` ah OmVm h¡.

EVXW© AmJ‘J«ÝWm|Ho$ ~mao‘| lw{V BË`m{X emñÌm|Ho$ ~{h…gmú` Am¡a ñd §AmJ‘J«ÝWm|Ho$ AÝV…gmú` Ho$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona gdmªeoZ kmVdoX‘ybH$Vm hmo`m Z hmo naÝVw doX{damo{YVmH$m Amamon Vmo H$W‘{n CnnÝZ Zht hmoVm.

AV… gd©àW‘ ~«ô‘gyÌm|na ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©Ho$ ^mî`‘| Bggo gå~ÕàH$aUH$m {d‘e© H$a boZm CnH$maH$ hmoJm : ~«ô‘gyÌHo$ {ÛVr`mÜ`m`Ho$ {ÛVr`nmXHo$CnH«$‘‘| ^mî`H$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ Cn{ZfX²dMZm|H$s ~«ô‘naVmHo$ à{VnmXZmW©àd¥Îm BZ gyÌm|H$mo na‘V{ZamH$aUH$s Amdí`H$Vm hr hmoZr Vmo Zht Mm{h o Wr;{’$a^r ‘w‘wjwOZm|Ho$ {b o ‘mojgmYZm|H$m CnXoe ^r gyÌ{Z‘m©UH$m à`moOZ hmoZogo;VWm, na‘Vm|Ho$ àdV©H$m|H$s gd©kV`m à{g{ÕHo$ H$maU CZ ‘Vm|Ho$ ^r ‘mojmW©AZwgaUr` ‘mZZoH$s gå^m{dV ^«mpÝVgo ‘w‘wjwH$m o ~MmZm hr AV…na‘V{ZamH$aUH$m à‘wI à`moOZ h¡. VXZwgma gm§»` `moJ Ý`m` d¡eo{fH$ ~m¡ÕO¡Z nmewnV Am¡a AÝV‘| nmÄMamÌ ‘Vm|H$s AmbmoMZm ~«ô‘gyÌ (2&2&42-45)Ho$ ^mî`‘| H$s J`r h¡. `hm§ ñd § ^mî`H$ma Ûmam àñVwV Hw$N> e§H$m-g‘mYmZ {ZVmÝV AdYo h¢.

gmH$ma ~«÷dmXgmH$ma ~«÷dmX{ZJ‘ Am¡a AmJ‘

78 79

^mî`H$ma H$hVo h¢ : 1nmÄMamÌ AmJ‘J«ÝWm|‘| ^JdmZ²H$mo OJV²H$sàH¥${V(CnmXmZ)ê$n H$maU VWm AÜ`j `m| C^`ê$n ‘mZm J`m h¡. `h Vmolw{Vgo A{dg§dmXr YmaUm h¡. Bgr Vah 2Aì`ŠVgo na à{gÕ na‘mË‘m gdm©Ë‘mZmamÙH$m AmË‘Zm AZoH${dY AmË‘ì yhm|H$mo àH$Q> H$aZm ^r ""g EH$Ym^d{V {ÌYm ^d{V'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&26&2) O¡gr AZoH$ lw{VAm|‘| CnbãYhmoVm ‘V hr h¡. gmW hr gmW 3B©ídaà{UYmZHo$ ^r lw{V-ñ‘¥{V{gÕ hmoZoHo$H$maU nmÄMamÌmoŠV A{^J‘Z CnmXmZ BÁ`m ñdmÜ`m` `moJ H$mb ê$nr AmamYZ`m {ZaÝVa {MÝVZ ^r A{dg§dmXr h¡. {OZ A§em|‘| {dg§dmX h¡ do h¢ 4 "dmgwXod'Zm‘H$ na‘mË‘mgo "g§H$f©U' Zm‘H$ OrdH$s CËn{Îm. h Ordm{ZË`Ëd‘| n ©d{gVhmoZogo {ZË`mË‘dmXr d¡{XH$ ‘mÝ`Vmgo {déÕ h¡. 5 "g§H$fU©' Zm‘H$ H$Vm©go"àÚwåZ' Zm‘H$ H$aUê$n ‘ZH$s CËn{Îm 6dmgwXod g§H$f©U àÚwåZ A{ZéÕ H$s{Z`V Mma g§»`m hmoZm ^r g§JV Zht hmoVm; Š`m|{H$, ~«ô‘mgo boH$a ñVå~n ©ÝV g^r Hw$N> ^JdmZ²Ho$ ì yh h¢ 7JwUJwUrHo$ nañna {^ÝZ hmoZoH$s YmaUm ^r{déÕ bJVr h¡ 8doXH$mo Jm¡U ~ZmZm `m CgH$s {ZÝXm Omo AmJ‘ J«ÝWm|‘| CnbãYhmoVr h¡ CgHo$ H$maU ^r AmJ‘J«ÝW ‘w‘wjwOZm|Ho$ {b o AZwnmXo {gÕ hmoVo h¢.

{ÛVr`mÜ`m`Ho$ Bgr {ÛVr`nmX‘| Omo AÝ` ‘Vm|H$s AmbmoMZm {‘bVr h¡,CgHo$ gmW nmÄMamÌ‘VH$s AmbmoMZmH$s VwbZm H$aZona emaraH$^mî`H$maH$mAmbmoMZm H$aZoH$m ^md Hw$N> H$‘ H$R>moa bJVm h¡. na ^mî`ì`m»`mdoXmÝVH$ënVé Am¡a H$ënVén[a‘b n`m©ßV H$R>moa eãXm|‘| AmbmoMZm `hm§ H$aaho h¢.

emaraH$^mî`H$s ì`m»`mAm|‘| {H$ o J o Amjonm|Ho$ n[ahmaH$s Mma-nm§Mar{V`m§ gmoMr Om gH$Vr h¢ :

1`{VamO lram‘mZwOmMm ©{Z{X©îQ> BZ gyÌm|Ho$ lr^mî`‘| àW‘ XmogyÌm|H$mo nmÄMamÌ AmJ‘na AmjonnaH$ ‘mZ H$a Ad{eîQ> Xm| gyÌm|H$mon[ahmanaH$ ñdrH$maZogo hr doXm{X emñÌm|go {déÕVmH$m n[ahma ñd §gyÌH$maÛmam gmY boZoH$s {dMmaar{V.

2lr`m‘wZo`mMm`©Ho$ "AmJ‘àm‘mÊ`' VWm lrdoXmÝVXo{eH$Ho$"lrnmÄMamÌajm' Am{X‘| AnZm`r J`r Xygar d¡îUdr Zr{VHo$ AZwgma‘hm^maV-nwamUm|‘| {‘bVo nmÄMamÌmJ‘Ho$ àe§gmdMZm|Ho$ AmYmana Bg~mao‘| d¡{XH$ {eîQ>naånamH$s AZw‘{V {XIbm H$a.

3^JdËnmX lr‘ÜdmMm ©Ho$ AZwgma nmÄMamÌ ‘VHo$ ~Om` gyÌH$ma`hm§ emŠV ‘VH$m àË`m»`mZ ‘mZ aho h¢. AV… nmÄMamÌ AmJ‘Ho$doX{déÕ hmoZoH$s e§H$mH$mo hr AàgŠV ‘mZZoH$s Zr{V.

4lrO`ÝV Q²>Q>Ûmam Ý`m`‘ÄOarHo$ MVwW© AmpôZH$‘| AnZm`r gH$bAmJ‘m|Ho$ àm‘mÊ`Ho$ à{VnmXZ H$aZoH$s ar{V-Zr{V. BgHo$ AZwgma~mXamÙgyÌm|‘| Ambmo{MV gm§»`-`moJ Ý`m`-d¡eo{fH$ ~m¡Õ-O¡Z VWme¡d-d¡îUd g^r AmJ‘m|H$mo àm‘m{UH$ ‘mZ {b`m J`m h¡. ñd § CZHo$eãXm|‘| ""g^r AmJ‘m|H$mo à‘mU ‘mZZona Vmo H$moB© ^r ì`pŠV AmO`{X {H$gr AmJ‘H$mo aM boVm hmo Vmo H$b Cgo ^r {eîQ>OZm|Ûmam‘mÝ`Vm àmßV hmo hr gH$Vr h¡ na Eogm gmoMZm ì`W© h¡ Š`m|{H$AmO {OZH$mo ‘hmOZm|Ho$ g‘yh‘| {eîQ>OZm|Ûmam g‘mXaUr` ‘mZmOmVm hmo Am¡a {OZHo$ ‘yb‘| bmo Am{X Xmof {XIbm`r Z XoVo hm|,CÝhtH$mo à‘mU ‘mZZoH$s ~mV H$hr Om ahr h¡. AV… Hw${Å>Zr‘VH$moà‘mU ‘mZZoH$s O¡gr ~mV `hm§ gd©Wm Aàmg§{JH$ hr h¡''(Ý`m.‘§.4).

5 ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©H$mo A{^‘V Mma Vbm|dmbr àm‘mÊ`ì`dñWm,{Og‘| àW‘ Vbna nmÄMamÌmJ‘H$mo à‘mU Zht ‘mZm J`m naÝVw {ÛVr`Vb d¡{XH$ {eîQ>OZm|Ûmam ‘mÝ` hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| à‘mUV`m ñdrH$mam hrJ`m h¡.

BZ‘| g‘mYmZH$s EH$ d¡îUdr ar{V h¡ Xygar Z¡ m{`H$ lrO`ÝV ^Å>H$s{dMmaZr{V h¡. BZH$m {dñVmanyd©H$ AdJmhZ Vmo CÝhtHo$ J«ÝWm|Ho$ AdbmoH$ZÛmam


80 81

{H$`m OmZm C{MV hmoJm. ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Ûmam AnZm`r J`r g‘mYmZnÕ{V‘|nyd©{Z{X©îQ> àm‘mÊ`ì`dñWmHo$ Mma Vbm|H$mo ÑpîQ>JV aIZona BZ XmoZm|g‘mYmZar{V`m|Ho$ gmW EoH$‘Ë` gwIoZ gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡. {’$a^r BgHo${dñVma‘| OmZogo nhbo àñVwV AmboInÌ‘| ñdmVÝÍ oU ^r Omo {dd{jV h¡ VXW©àd¥Îm hmoZm Mmh|Jo.

EVXW© ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©Ûmam àX{e©V A{dg§dmX Am¡a {dg§dmX H$m{d‘e© VWm lw{V Am{X {ZJ‘emñÌm|Ho$ ~{h…gmú` VWm AmJ‘emñÌm|Ho$ AÝV…gmú`Ho$ AmYmana CZHo$ ñdê$n àm‘mÊ` Am¡a EH$dmŠ`Vm H$s Hw$N> ê$naoIm {dd{jVh¡.

(6.nmÄMamÌ Am{X AmJ‘emñÌm|H$m lm¡V {ZJ‘emñÌm|Ho$ gmW VwbZmË‘H$ñdê$n àm‘mÊ` Am¡a EH$dmŠ`Vm H$s gm‘mÝ` ê$naoIm)

^mî`H$ma H$hVo h¢ 1nmÄMamÌ AmJ‘J«ÝWm|‘| ^JdmZ²H$mo OJV²H$sàH¥${V(CnmXmZ)ê$n H$maU VWm AÜ`j m| C^`ê$n ‘mZZm Vmo lw{Vgo A{dg§dmXrYmaUm h¡. CëboIZr` h¡ {H$ em§H$a doXmÝV Am¡a dmëb^ doXmÝV Ho$ ~rM ^r`hm§ Hw$N> A{dg§dmX gm àH$Q> hmo J`m h¡. Š`m|{H$ AÝ`Wm emaraH$^mî` Am¡aAUw mî` Ho$ ~rM à‘wI {ddmX Vmo `hr h¡ {H$ em§H$a ^mî` ànÄMH$mo Am{dÚH$«‘mamon Am¡a ~«ô‘H$mo CgH$m {ddVm}nmXmZ `m A{Yð>mZ ‘mZVm h¡. `Wm-

""~«ô‘ ñdV… hr OJXmË‘Zm n[aUV ^r hmo Am¡a An[aUV ^raho, Eogm ñdrH$mam Zht Om gH$Vm...gyÌH$ma^r, AVEd,na‘mW©ÑpîQ>go "dh AZÝ` h¡' Eogm H$hVo h¢. ì`dhmaÑpîQ> aI H$a"bmoH$‘| O¡go ‘¥{ÎmH$m KQ>H$m `m O¡g| g‘wÐ Va§JH$m CnmXmZH$maU~ZVo h¢, d¡go hr ~«ô‘ ^r ~ZVm h¡' `m| ‘hmg‘wÐ O¡gm ~«ô‘H$m{Zê$nU ^r H$aVo h¢. `hm§ H$m ©ê$n ànÄMH$m {ZagZ {H$ o {~Zmn[aUm‘à{H«$`m AnZm`r J`r h¡, ~«ô‘H$s gJwUmonmgZm‘| CgH$m{d{Z`moJ hmo nm o EVXW©''(~«.gy.em§.^m.2&1&14).

AUw mî`, O~{H$, CnmgZmW© Zht àË wV VÎdV… ànÄMH$mo na~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m^JdmZ²H$m AmZÝXmË‘H$ brbm{dbmg Am¡a brbmH$Vm© ~«ô‘H$mo CgH$mA{dH¥$VmonmXmZ ‘mZVm h¡. `Wm-

""{H$ÝhtH$mo "dmMmaåÛ' lw{VH$m AW© Eogm àVrV hmoVm h¡{H$ H$m ©ànÄM Ho$db dmUr{dbmgH$m hr {df` h¡, dñVwV… H$m ©O¡gm Hw$N> àH$Q> hmoVm Zht. V~ Vmo ~«ô‘H$mo {H$gH$m H$maU‘mZZm?... H$m`© Am¡a H$maU H$m `hm§ AZÝ`Ëd (VmXmËå`){dd{jV h¡ Z{H$ {‘Ï`mËd. AV… {‘Ï`mËdH$m à{VnmXZ H$aZodmbm|Zoì`m»`mê$n ~«ô‘gyÌ Am¡a ì`m» o lw{V XmoZm|Ho$ AWm]Ho$ {dZmeÛmam~«ô‘dmXH$m hr lmÕ H$a {XIm`m O~{H$ Abm¡{H$H$ à‘o Ho$ ~mao‘|~«ô‘gyÌm|Ho$ AZwgma hr {ZU© H$aZm C{MV Wm Z{H$ ñdVÝÌ Hw$N>H$ënZmÛmam. Bgr{bò Vmo "VH$m©à{Vð>mZmX²' gyÌ‘| Bg VahH$sH$ënZmAm|H$m {Zamg {H$`m J`m h¡. AV… `hm§ Bg gyÌ‘|H$m`©ànÄMHo$ {‘Ï`m hmoZoH$s ~mV gmoMr Zht Om gH$Vr. EH$CnmXmZ `m g‘dm`r H$maUHo$ kmZgo g^r CnmXo `m g‘doVH$m`m]Ho$ kmZHo$ gÝX ©‘| `hm§ "AZÝ`Ëd' nX à wŠV hþdm hmoZogo `h ~mVàH$aUgo ^r {déÕ h¡'', ""bmoH$‘| H$s OmVr brbmH$s VahH$m ©ànÄMH$mo ~«ô‘Zo ñd § AnZo ^rVago ~mha àH$Q> {H$`m h¡...`h g~ Hw$N> CgH$s brbm hr Vm o H o $db h¡''(~«.gy.dm.^m.2&1&14,28,34).

A~ Bg "AZÝ`Ëd'ê$n EH$ nXgo A{^àoV AW©Ho$ ~mao‘| BVZr {dg§‘{VaIZodmbo XmoZm| ^mî`m|‘| `hm§ Omo Hw$N> EH$‘{V gr àH$Q> hþ r dh Ho$db g‘mZ^mfm hr h¡ na ^md Hw$N> AbJ h¡ Š`m? AWdm lw{V-gyÌm|‘| A{^àoV bJVoCnmgZm¡n{`H$ ì`mdhm[aH$ A{^àm`go nmÄMamÌmJ‘H$mo ^r EH$‘V ‘ZdmZm Š`memaraH$^mî`H$mo {dd{jV h¡? AWdm nmÄMamÌmJ‘‘| lwË`{damoY gånmXZÛmamCgHo$ àm‘mÊ`Ho$ ajUmW© `h H$moB© ‘ÝX à`mg h¡ Š`m? BZ‘| àm‘mÊàjU^mî`H$maH$mo A^rîQ> ‘mZo Vmo ^mî`naH$s àQ>rH$m ààQ>rH$m ê$nr doXmÝVH$ënVé


82 83

Am¡a H$ënVén[a‘b CX² mî` ì`m»`mZ {gÕ hm|Jo. Š`m|{H$ doXmÝVH$ënVé‘|,doX{gÕ na‘oída gd©k dmgwXod Ûmam àUrV hmoZona ^r, nmÄMamÌmJ‘m|H$monwamUmoŠV à‘mUHo$ Adbå~ZÛmam ì`m‘mohH$ emñÌ ‘mZm J`m h¡. Bgr VahH$ënVén[a‘b‘| ^r `h {dMmam J`m h¡ {H$ `{X nmÄMamÌ AmJ‘ doX‘ybH$ñ‘¥{V hm| Vmo CnOrì`{déÕ hmoZoHo$ H$maU do Aà‘mU hr R>ha|Jo. AWdmdoXm‘ybH$ Am¡a doX{déÕ XmoZm| hmoZona Vmo gmjmV² ZmamÙHo$ Ûmam ^r Cn{XîQ>Š`m| Z hm|, Vmo r ~wÕdMZH$s Vah ì`m‘mohH$ hr BÝh| ‘mZZo n‹S>|Jo. Bg emñÌH$modoXH$s EH$m`ZemIm ‘mZZm ^r AZw{MV h¡, Š`m|{H$ d¡{XH$ ñdmÜ`m`‘| "EH$m`Z'emñÌH$m CëboI {‘bZona ^r {H$gr EH$m`ZemImH$m CëboI H$ht {‘bVm Zhth¡. AV… nmÄMamÌ AmJ‘H$m AZwgaU H$aZodmbm|H$m Vmo ~«mô‘Ê` hr bwßV hmoOmVm h¡, Eogm ‘mZ H$a MbZm Mm{h o. Eogm H$R>moa {dYmZ ^r H$ënVén[a‘b‘|{H$`m J`m h¡.

AV… CnmgZm¡n{`H$ ì`mdhm[aH$ A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXZ^mdgo na‘oídaH$mog¥pîQ>H$m H$maU ‘mZ H$a Eogo na‘oídaH$s CnmgZmHo$ {Zê$nUmW© AmJ‘m|H$mo àd¥Îm‘mZZoH$mo CÚV hmoVo h¢ Vmo nmÄMamÌmJ‘m|Ho$ dmñV{dH$ A{^àm`Ho$ {d‘em©W© CÚVhmoZm n‹S>oJm.

d¡îUdmJ‘m|H$s Hw$N> Xmo gm¡ `m T>mB© gm¡ g§{hVm ‘mZr OmVr h¢. Z Vmo àñVwVAmboInÌH$maH$m AÜ``Z-AZwerbZ BVZm ì`mnH$ h¡ Am¡a Z CZ g^rg§{hVmAm|H$m H$moB© gm‘mÝ` {ZîH$f© àñVwV H$a nmZm `hm§ eŠ` hr h¡. {’$a^rHw$N> g§{hVm X¡dr hmoZogo Omo à‘wI ‘mZr OmVr h¢, Zm‘e…, gmËdV nm¡îH$a Am¡aO`m»` g§{hVm. AÝ` Hw$N> àH$m{eV hmoZoHo$ H$maU AdbmoH$ZmW© gwb^ h¢,Zm‘e…, lràíZ ZmaXr` lrnmÙ B©ída ^mJ©d A{ZéÕ VWm bú‘rVÝÌ g§{hVm.BZ AmJ‘g§{hVmAm|‘| {‘bVo Bg {df`Ho$ {Zê$nUHo$ AZwerbZ H$aZona EogmñdrH$aUmh© Zht bJVm. BZ g§{hVmAm|‘| na‘oídaHo$ {ZJw©U-{ZamH$ma VWm gJwU-gmH$ma hmoZoH$m àôX Vmo Adí` à{Vnm{XV {H$`m J`m h¡. na dh em§H$adoXmÝVm{^‘V nma‘m{W©H$ VWm ì`mdhm[aH$/Am{dÚH$ hmoZoHo$ A{^àm`de g‘Pm`mJ`m hmo, Eogm bJVm Zht h¡.

`h XoIZm hmo Vmo gd©àW‘ gmËdVg§{hVmHo$ {ÛVr` n[aÀN>oX‘|-

""{ZamH$mamo {Za§J… M ñ‘V©ì`mo ~«ô‘bjU… VËàmßË wnm o àW‘o`mJhmo‘m{XHo$ gmH$ma§ g§ñ‘aoV² gm§J§ n[admaoU M Amd¥V§, AmZrVm…ì`ŠVVm§ oZ ñd § kmZmX`mo JwUm… eídX² `mJg‘mßË`Wª H${‘©Um‘²AZwH$ån`m. gmo AZ§J… g§ñ‘¥Vmo ‘ÝÌmo ^pŠVlÕmdeoZ Vw ’$b§`ÀN>{V d¡ ZyZ§ {ZË § VX² m{dVmË‘Zm‘². àmYmÝ oZ H«$Vmo… ñW¡ ª ‘mojmo`Ì AZwf§JV…'' (gmËd.g§{h.2&36-39).

""ì`mnHo$ Vw OJÝZmWo {ZË`V¥ßVo {Zaml o {ZaÄOZo BÀN>mê$nYao{ZË o ewÕo ~wÕo gw{Z‘©bo, `V² VX² Aja‘² Ajmoä § na§ ~«ô‘ gZmVZ§,nam J{V… `m gd}fm‘² AÀ`wV §... e§IMH«$Ya § {dîUw‘ ²AmZÝXñ`ÝX{Z ©a‘²'' (O`m.g§{h.1&15-24).

""Am{X‘Ü`mÝVa{hV‘² Ad¥{Õj`‘² AÀ`wV§ {ZË`§ {Zén‘§Á`mo{V… {ZË`V¥ßV§ {ZaÄOZ§ gdm©H$ma§ {ZamH$ma§ V‘g… na‘².VËH$maUdemV² Vñ‘mX² Am{damgrV² gZmVZmV² {ÛhñV‘² EH$dŠÌ§M... g dmgwXodmo {dko … g¥Á § gdª M VÝ‘wImV²'' (lrnm.g§{h.2&6-11).

""g dmgwXodmo JdmZ² joÌk… na‘mo ‘V… {dîUw… ZmamÙmo {dídmo{dídê$n…... AZÝVm oXoeH$mbm{Xn[aÀN>oX{dd{O©V…{ZñVa§Jm‘¥Vmå^mo{YH$ën§ fmS²>JwÊ`‘²CÁdb§... An¥W½^yVepŠVËdmV² "~«ô‘mÛ¡V§' VX² CÀ`Vo...gdm©dñWmJVm Xodr ñdmË‘^yVm AZnm{`Zr Ah§Vm ~«ô‘U… Vñ`gm Ah‘² Apñ‘ gZmVZr oZ mdoZ d{V dmgwXod… gZmVZ… dV…Vñ` Xodñ` g ^mdmo Ah‘² B{V B©[aVm. VmXmËå § {d{Õ gå~ÝY§ ‘‘ZmWñ` M C^`mo…'' (b.V.g§.2&5-18).

BZ dMZm|H$m AZwerbZ H$aVo hr BVZm Vmo ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ BZg§{hVmAm|‘| Am{dÚH$ ì`mdhm[aH$ Û¡V `m CnmgZmW© H$pënV Û¡V H$s AdYmaUmVmo JÝY‘mÌ ^r àgŠV Zht h¡. gmW hr gmW `h ^r AdYo h¡ {H$ BZ dMZm|Ho$ñdma{gH$ A{^àoVmW©H$m dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| `WmdV² A§JrH$ma n`m©ßV gwH$a ^rh¡ (ÐîQ>. : ~«.gy.dm.^m.3&2&27).


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{ÛVr` {dYmZ‘| ^mî`H$ma H$hVo h¢ : 2Aì`ŠVgo na à{gÕ na‘mË‘mgdm©Ë‘m ZmamÙH$m AmË‘Zm AZoH${dY AmË‘ì yhm|H$mo àH$Q> H$aZm ^r ""gEH$Ym ^d{V {ÌYm ^d{V'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&26&2) O¡gr AZoH$ lw{VAm|‘|CnbãY hmoVm ‘V hr h¡. `Ú{n àñVwV lw{VH$m {ZîH¥$îQ> AW© Š`m h¡, `h `hm§Vmo ñnîQ> Zht {H$`m J`m naÝVw N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX²‘| Ohm§ `h dMZ pñWV h¡ dhm§^mî`‘| ""BgH$m kmVm g¥pîQ> oXHo$ àH$Q> hmoZogo nyd© EH$ hr Wm Am¡a ñd §EH$mH$s hmoZona ^r {ÌYm Am{X ôXm|Ho$ AZwgma AZÝV ôXm|dmbmg¥pîQ>H$mb‘| ~Z OmVm h¡. dh g§hmaH$mb‘| nwZ… AnZo ‘yb nma‘m{W©H$ EH$hmoZoHo$ ñdê$nH$mo àmßV H$a boVm h¡ ñdVÝÌ ahVo hþdo, Eogr {dÚmHo$ hoVw’$bàamoMZmpË‘H$m ñVw{V `hm§ H$s J`r h¡'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.em§.^m.7&26&2)Eogr ì`m»`m ^mî`H$ma XoVo h¢. Y¡ ©nyd©H$ Bg {dYmZH$s VmËn ©‘r‘m§gm H$aZonaEH$H$s AZoH$^mdmn{Îm Anma‘m{W©H$s hr ’${bV hmoVr h¡. BgH$m Abmdm `hlw{V ñVwË`W©dmX hmo Vmo dh ñdmW©‘| à‘mU h¡ `m ""’$bdËg§{ZYm¡ A’$b§VX§J‘²'' Ý`m oZ Am¡n{Zf{XH$ CnmgZm{d{Yeof h¡? `h ^r ñnîQ> Zht hmo nmVm.AV… Š`m ^mî`H$ma nmÄMamÌmJ‘‘| ^r Eogr hr à{H«$`mHo$ Adbå~Z Ûmamnma‘m{W©H$ EH$H$m Anma‘m{W©H$ AZoH$dX²^md {gÕ H$aZm MmhVo h¢? `mAmJ{‘H$ à{VnmXZH$mo ^r ’$bàamoMZmW© ñVwË`W©dmX ‘mZ aho h¢?

EVXW© nwZ… gmËdVg§{hVmH$m AZwerbZ H$aZona ""na§ ~«ô‘ na§ Ym‘MmVwamË‘H$‘² Aì``‘²'' (gmËd.g§{h.7&3) dMZ CnbãY hmoVm h¡.O`m»`g§{hVm‘| `Ú{n AmZÝXê$n ~«ô‘Ho$ ñdê$n{Zê$nU‘| AZoH${dY nañna{déÕ JwU Y‘© Am¡a epŠV go Cgo {d{eîQ> {XImZoH$mo Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXm{^àoV,Zm‘e…, A`moJmobH$, Xn©U-à{V{~å~, KQ>mH$me-Z`Z Am{X AZoH$ CXmhaUà`moJ‘| bm o J o h¢ (ÐîQ>. : O`m.g§{h.4&60-117). naÝVw o {Og {deofÑîQ>mÝV-XmîQ>m©pÝVH$^mdHo$ AZwamoYde {Z{X©îQ> hþdo h¢, CgH$s {ddoMZm H$aZonaVWm ‘ybê$n O¡gm ñdrH$mam J`m h¡, CgHo$ gmW g§J{V ~¡R>mZoH$m à`mg H$aZonaHw$N> AÝ` hr VÏ` àH$Q> H$aVo h¢. V~ EH$H$s {‘Ï`m AZoH$VmHo$ à{VnmXZmW©`h Zht h¡, Eogm ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡. A`moJmobH$H$m CXmhaU AÝV`m©{‘VmHo${Zê$nUmW© à wŠV hþdm h¡, Omo A`moJmobH$ Am¡a Ap½Z Ho$ A{‘Ï`m hmoZona hr

g§JV hmoVm h¡. àmH¥$V BpÝÐ`m| Ed§ JwUm| go g§ wŠV VWm d{O©V hmoZoH$s C^`{dYVmH$mog‘PmZoH$mo Xn©U-à{V{~å~H$m CXmhaU {XIbm`m J`m h¡. `h à{V{~å~Ho${‘Ï`m hmoZoHo$ Ame`de à wŠV hmoZoHo$ ~Om` EH$hob`m BpÝÐ`m{Xg§ wŠV Am¡aBpÝÐ`m{Xd{O©V hmoZoHo$ A§e‘| hr J«mh² bJVm h¡. {deofV… Bg{b o {H$ MVwì y©hH$sì`m»`m na‘mË‘m OrdmË‘m ‘ZAm{X BpÝÐ`m|Ho$ ê$n‘| ^r nmÄMamÌmJ‘m|H$moA{^àoV h¡. {d w ~«ô‘H$s gMbVm Am¡a AMbVm ê$nr {damoYr JwUm|H$mo gw~moY~ZmZoH$mo KQ>mH$me-Z`ZH$m CXmhaU {X`m J`m h¡. EVmdVm {H«$`mdÎd {ZOepŠVê$nrCnm{Ygo à wŠV àVrV hmoZona ^r Am{dÚH$ {‘Ï`mamon hmoZm CgH$m Amdí`H$Zht bJVm. Š`m|{H$ ~«ô‘H$m ñdê$n, ""gd©k… gd©Xeu M gd©… gd}ída… à w…gd©epŠV‘`… M¡d ñdmYrZ… na‘oída…... Ed‘² EH$… namo Xodmo ZmZmeº²$`mAmË‘ê$nY¥V² ZmamÙ… na§ ~«ô‘...'' (O`m.g§{h.4&69-70, 117) BZeãXm|‘| {Zê${nV hþdm h¡. bú‘rVÝÌ‘| ^r AmVm h¡ {H$ ""Ì`… M MmVwamËå § VV²MËdmamo A‘r... EVmdX² "^JdX²'dmÀ §...'' (b.V§.g§.7&8). AV… h‘ XoIgH$Vo h¢ {H$ emaraH$^mî`H$mam{^àoV Am{dÚH$ ‘m{`H$ hmoZoHo$ AW©‘| nmÄMamÌH$sg§{hVm‘| EH$H$s AZoH$Vm à{Vnm{XV hþ r Zht h¡. Eogm ^r H$hm Zht Om gH$Vm{H$ Mma ì yhm|H$s YmaUm AemñÌr` h¡ Š`m|{H$ ‘hm^maVHo$ Amíd‘o{YH$ nd©Ho$""... nmÄMam{ÌH$m… dmgwXod§... g§H$f©U§... àÚwåZ§ M A{ZéÕ§ MVw‘y©qVàMjVo. EVmíM AÝ`míM... g§kmôXoZ ‘yV©`…. {d{Õ AZWm©ÝVamÊòd‘m‘²; Ed§ M AM© oX² ~wY…'' (‘hm^m.14&4&1661) dMZ‘| ‘mÝ` aIm hrJ`m h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX V¥Vr` {dYmZ‘| ^mî`H$ma H$hVo h¢ : 3B©ídaà{UYmZ ^r lw{V-ñ‘¥{VÛmam {gÕ hmoZoHo$ H$maU nmÄMamÌmoŠV A{^J‘Z CnmXmZ BÁ`m ñdmÜ`m``moJ H$mb ê$nr AmamYZ `m {ZaÝVa {MÝVZ ^r lw{V-ñ‘¥{Vgo A{dg§dmXr h¡.Bg {df`‘| `hr dŠVì` h¡ {H$ em§H$a doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma gJwUmonmgZm‘| Vmo,JÝVm Am¡a Jå` Ho$ à oXde, ‘wpŠVXoe‘| J{V CnnÝZ hmoVr h¡. {ZJw©UmonmgZm‘|,{H$ÝVw, Eogo àôXHo$ ah Z OmZogo dh AZwnnÝZ ‘mZr J`r h¡ (ÐîQ>. :~«.gy.em§.^m.3&3&29-31). ZmaXr` g§{hVm‘|, naÝVw, na‘‘wpŠVH$m Eogm {ZJ©wUñdê$n {Zê${nV Zht hþdm h¡. Š`m|{H$ J{V Am¡a b` Ho$ Ûmam gånÝZ hmoVm A oXñd § JÝVm-Jå` Am¡a bmVm-b`m{YH$aU ê$n hmoZogo oXg{hîUw A oX hr


86 87

àVrV hmoVm h¡. Eogm ^r ñnîQ> CëboI {‘bVm h¡ {H$ ""dmgwXodnX§ `m{V `X²JËdm Z {ZdV©Vo. brZ… Vpñ‘Z² nao ì`mopåZ VX² md§ à{VnÚVo. K¥Vo K¥V§ OboVmo`§ jrao jra{‘d pñWV‘². EVV² na§ g‘w{ÔîQ>§ na‘§ ~«ô‘ emídV‘²''(Zma.g§{h.3&63-64). `hm§ JÝVm-bmVmH$m dmgwXodH$‘©H$ J{Vnyd©H$dmgwXodm{YH$aUH$ b` Omo {Zê${nV hþdm h¡, dh Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXm{^àoV na‘‘wpŠVHo$ñdê$ngo {dnarV h¡. Š`m|{H$ Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXHo$ AZwgma J{V Am¡a b` XmoZm|dmUr{dbmgê$n hmoVo h¢, Jå`-JÝVm Am¡a b`m{YH$aU-brZ hmoZodmboHo$ AmË`pÝVH$AôXde.

MVwW© {dYmZ‘| 4"dmgwXod' Zm‘H$ na‘mË‘mgo "g§H$f©U' Zm‘H$ OrdH$sCËn{Îm, OrdmË‘mHo$ A{ZË`Ëd‘| n ©d{gV hmoZogo {ZË`mË‘dmXr d¡{XH$ ‘mÝ`Vmgo{déÕ h¡, Eogr ^mî`H$maZo Amn{Îm CR>m`r h¡. `h Amn{Îm ^r CVZr à~b ZhtbJVr Š`m|{H$ gd©àW‘ Vmo ñd § ^mî`H$ma ^r ""XyY O¡go AnZm ñdê$n ImoH$a X{Y^mdmnÝZ hmoVm h¡, d¡go hr {damQ²> ^r AnZo gmao ñdê$nH$mo Imo H$aBVZm gmam {díd ~ZVm hmo, Eogo Zht ~Zm. Vmo H¡$go ~Zm? AmË‘Zm AdpñWVahVo hþdo hr dh {damQ²> gË`g§H$ën hmoZoHo$ H$maU AmË‘ì`{V[aŠV...earamÝVa ^r ~Z J`m. dh {damQ²> AmË‘ñdê$n‘| AdpñWV ahVo hþdo hr `hg~ Hw$N> ~Zm. Bg Vah ~ZZodmbm ‘ybê$n Am¡a ~Z OmZoHo$ ~mXdmbmê$nmÝVa XmoZm|H$s EH$Vm {Zê${nV hþ`r h¡'', ""Eogr pñW{V‘| AgV²H$sCËn{Îm Zht hmo gH$Vr Am¡a gV²H$m {dZme Zht hmo gH$Vm, H$m ©H$m ñdê$nEogm g‘PZm Mm{hò'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.^m.1&4&3,1&4&7) BZ dMZm|‘|gËH$m ©dmXm{lV Am{d^m©dH$s à{H«$`m ñd § ^mî`H$maZo ^r ñdrH$mar hr h¡ Vmodhr à{H«$`m nmÄMamÌHo$ ^r ""kmZñdê$nmo ^JdmZ²... Vñ` Ah§ na‘m epŠV…{gg¥jmbjUm... gmh§ g¥Om{‘ ñdmÀN>ÝÚmX² {ÛYm oX‘² Cno wfr MoË`MoVZ^mdoZ...MoË`MoVZVm àmßVm g§{dXod ‘XmpË‘H$m'' (b.V§.g§.14&1-5) Bg dMZ‘|ñdrH$mar J`r h¡. AV… OrdHo$ CËn{Îm‘mZ² hmoZona ^r A{ZË` hmoZoH$s Amn{ÎmCR>Zr Vmo Zht Mm{h o.

nm§Md| {dYmZ‘| 5"g§H$fU©' Zm‘H$ H$Vm©go "àÚwåZ' Zm‘H$ H$aUê$n ‘ZH$sCËn{ÎmHo$ Ag§JV hmoZoH$s wpŠV ^r ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²Ho$ ""g `Wm D$U©Zm{^…

VÝVyZ² CÀMaoX², `Wm A½Zo… jwÐm… {dñ’w$qbJm… ì wÀMapÝV, Ed‘od EVñ‘mX²AmË‘Z… gd} àmUm…... ì wÀMapÝV'' (~¥h.Cn.2&2&20) Bg dMZHo$ ^mî`‘|ñd § ^mî`H$ma ^r ""gd} àmUm… dmJmX`…'' AW© O~ H$aVo hr h¢ V~ H$Vm©goH$aUH$s CËn{Îm‘| Amn{Îm H¡$go CR>m`r Om gH$Vr h¡? AV… Bg {df`‘| ^r lw{VAm¡a nÄMamÌmJ‘ Ho$ ~rM {damoY ImoOZm AZmdí`H$ bJVm h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX N>R>o {dYmZ‘| 6dmgwXod g§H$f©U àÚwåZ A{ZéÕ H$s Mma g§»`m{Z`V hmoZr ^r g§JV Zht; Š`m|{H$, ~«ô‘mgo boH$a ñVå~ n ©ÝV g^r Hw$N>^JdmZ²Ho$ ì yh h¢, `h Amn{Îm àñVwV H$s J`r h¡. Bg {df`‘| ZmaXr`g§{hVmHo$n§Xahd| AÜ`m`Ho$ 86d| íbmoH$go 106 íbmoH$ n ©ÝV ^mJH$m AZwerbZ H$aZonadhm§ ""g{h gdm©Ë‘H$mo ~«ô‘ {gg¥jw… gH$b§ OJV² g¥îQ²>çmYma‘² Anyd©ÝVwVXÝV‘² AH$am oV ² à^w…'' (VÌ ¡d) `hm § ~ «ô‘H$m o gH$b OJV²H$mA{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZ VWm OJXmË‘H$ ‘mZm OmZm BZ ì yhm|H$mo Mma g§»`m‘|gr{‘V aIZoH$s ~mVH$m g‘W©Z Zht H$aVm. ""{dYËgo Ho$Z ê$noU, Ho$Z ê$noUnm{g dm...? AZÝVm… eŠV`… g¥îQ>m…... MVò… Vmgw {Z{X©îQ>m… ‘w»`m…''(lrnmÙ.g§{h.4&1-2) Eogm gwñnîQ> eãXm|‘| H$hm J`m h¡. Bgr Vah bú‘rVÝÌ‘|^r ""H$W§ g¥O{g d¡ bmoH$mZ²?... {dÔo ~hþYm AmË‘mZ§ H$V¥©-H$‘©-{H«$`m{XZm brbm ¡...'' (b.V§.g§.3&32-37) dMZHo$ AZwerbZ H$aZona^r ~«ô‘epŠVH$m gH$b {dídmË‘Zm n[aUV hmoZm Bg VÏ`H$m à‘mU h¡ {H$nÄMamÌ‘| MVwì y©hH$s g§»`m Mma g§»`m‘| n[agr{‘V Zht ahVr h¡.

gmVd| {dYmZ‘| 7JwUJwUrHo$ nañna {^ÝZ hmoZoH$s AdYmaUm {déÕ bJVrh¡, Eogm ^mî`H$ma H$hVo h¢. bú‘rVÝÌ‘|, naÝVw, bú‘r Am¡a ZmamÙ H$m nañnaJwUJw{U^md VmXmËå`‘ybH$ {Zê${nV hþdm h¡ Z{H$ oX‘ybH$. O¡go {H$ ""AÝ`moÝ oZA{dZm^mdmX² AÝ`moÝ oZ g‘Ýd`mV² VmXmËå § {d{Õ gå~ÝY§ ‘‘ ZmWñ`M C^`mo…, Ah§V`m {dZm Ah§ {h {Zénm»`mo Z {gÕç{V, Ah‘Wª {dZmAh§Vm {ZamYmam Z {gÕç{V'', ""ì`mnma… Vñ` Xodñ` gm Ah‘² Apñ‘ Zg§e`…, ‘`m H¥$V§ {h `V² H$‘© VoZ VËH¥$V‘² B{V CÀ`Vo. Ah§ {h Vñ` Xodñ`ñ‘¥Vm ì`m{à`‘mUVm'' (b.V§.g§.2&18-19, 11&6-7) BZ dMZm|Ho$AdbmoH$Z H$aZona ^r ñnîQ> hmoVm hr h¡.


88 89

ApÝV‘ {dYmZ 8doXH$mo Jm¡U ~ZmZm `m CgH$s {ZÝXm Omo AmJ‘ J«ÝWm|‘|CnbãY hmoVr h¡, CgHo$ H$maU ^r AmJ‘J«ÝW ‘w‘wjwOZm|Ho$ {b o AZwnmXo {gÕhmoVo h¢. Bg {dYmZHo$ ~mao‘| `h ñ‘maUr` h¡ {H$ Cn{ZfX² Am¡a ^JdX²JrVm Ho$dMZm|‘| ^r doX{ZÝXm Vmo {‘bVr hr h¡, EVmdVm CÝh| O~ AZwnmXo Zht ‘mZmOmVm Vmo AmJ‘ÛofH$m à`moOZ Š`m?

Ohm§ VH$ ^mî`H$maH$s A{^‘{VH$m àíZ h¡ Vmo `h EH$ dmñV{dH$Vm h¡ {H$nydm}XmöV dMZ‘| "EH$m`Z' nXH$m A{^àm` CZHo$ AZwgma Zr{VemñÌ h¡.nmÄMamÌg§{hVmAm|‘|, {H$ÝVw, AZoH$ ñWbm|na ñd §H$mo "EH$m`ZdoX' m "EH$m`Zlw{V'H$hm J`m h¡ ""lw{V‘yb‘² BX§ emñÌ§ à‘mU§ H$ëngyÌdV²'' (b.V§.g§.Cnmo.n¥.4)""lwË ¡d àW‘§ emñÌ§ "ahñ`måZm`'g§{kV‘²...gmËdV§ nm¡îH$a§ M¡d O`m»`mBËòd‘m{XH$‘²'' (VÌ¡d). ""doX‘² "EH$m`Z§' Zm‘ doXmZm§ {ea{g pñWV§VXW©H§$ nmÄMamÌ§ ‘mojX§... `pñ‘Z² EH$mo ‘moj‘mJm} doXo àmoŠV… gZmVZ…‘XmamYZê$noU Vñ‘mX² EH$m`Z§ ^doV²'' (lrà.g§{h.2&38-39).O`m»`g§{hVm‘| d¡îUd emñÌkHo$ Omo bjU à{Vnm{XV hþdo h¢, CÝh| o AmJ‘`{X doX{damoYr hmoVo H$Xm{n Zht XoVo. ÐîQ>ì` : ""nwamU§ Y‘©emñÌm{U B{VhmgmZ²M d¡îUdmZ² do{Îm doXmÝV{gÕmÝVmZ²... {d{Õ V§ emñÌk§ {h d¡îUd‘²''(O`m.g§{h.22&52-53). h ñnîQ>mopŠV r CnbãY hmoVr h¡. AV… AÝV…gmú`Ho$AmYmana Vmo CÝh| doX{damoYr ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm. Ohm§ VH$ doXm‘ybH$ hmoZoH$màíZ h¡ Vmo CnbãY doX^mJ‘| `{X H$ht nÄMamÌmoŠV àË oH$ CnXoe {‘bVo Z hm|Vmo EVmdVm {damoYr ‘mZ boZoH$m AmJ«h aIZona Vmo ‘hm^maV-nwamUm|Ho$ ^r ~hþVgmao {df` CnbãY doX^mJ‘| {‘bVo Zht hmoZoHo$ H$maU CÝh| ^r doX{damoYr‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. AÝ`Wm ñd § emaraH$^mî`H$maÛmam A§JrH¥$V CnXoegmå` hr BZnmÄMamÌ g§{hVmAm|Ho$ doXm{damoYr hmoZoH$m à‘mU ‘mZm OmZm Mm{h o.

AmYw{ZH$ B{Vhmg{dXm|H$s H$mb{ZYm©aUH$s {dMmaar{VHo$ {ZH$fna Vmo ñd §F$Šg§{hVmHo$ {d{^ÝZ ‘ÊS>bm|H$mo, ~«mô‘U^mJm|H$mo Am¡a Cn{ZfXm|H$mo ^r lw{V{gÕ H$aZm H${R>Z hmo OmVm h¡. AV… Cg nM‹S>o‘| n‹S>o {~Zm Bg {d‘e©‘| àd¥ÎmhmoZodmboHo${b o `h gmam à`mg h¡. AñVw Bg Vah nmÄMamÌmJ‘m|Ho$ ñdê$nàm‘mÊ` Am¡a EH$dmŠ`Vm H$s gm‘mÝ` ê$naoImHo$ ~mX A~ dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$

A{^àm`H$mo naIZo‘| H$moB© pŠbîQ>Vm Zht ah Om oJr.

(7.nmÄMamÌ Am{X AmJ‘emñÌm|H$m lm¡V {ZJ‘emñÌm|Ho$ gmW VwbZmË‘H$ñdê$n àm‘mÊ` Am¡a EH$dmŠ`Vm H$m dmëb^ doXmÝVm{^‘V ñdê$n)

~mXamÙgyÌm|‘| {dMm`©^yV àñVwV A{YH$aUH$s gyÌMVwîQ>`rHo$ ^mî`‘|‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Zo ^r ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©H$s Vah nmÄMamÌmJ‘m|H$mohr AmbmoÀ` ‘mZm h¡. `h dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo A{^‘V àm‘mÊ`ì`dñWmHo$ àW‘Vbna àñVwV H$s J`r AmbmoMZm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ^mî`H$ma H$hVo h¢ ""^mJdV(nmÄMamÌ) ‘V‘| Hw$N> A§e {déÕ bJVo h¢ CZH$m {ZamH$aU `hm§ A{^àoVh¡...'' (~«.gy.dm.^m.2&2&42). AZwgÝYo h¡ {H$ dhm§ VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYHo$ ^ràW‘ àH$aU‘| ""à‘mUMVwîQ>`rH$s EH$dmŠ`VmnÝZ eãXam{ego OmoA{déÕ hmo Cgo hr à‘mU naÝVw Omo {déÕ hmo Cgo Vmo Aà‘mU hr ‘mZboZm Mm{hò'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&8) Eogm g‘Pm`m J`m Wm. {ÛVr` Vbna{déÕm§en[aË`mJ H$aHo$ à‘mU ‘mZ boZoH$s ~mV ^r gwPm`r J`r Wr, Ohm§""AWm} A`‘od {ZpIb¡a{n doXdmŠ ¡…... nÄMamÌ¡…'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&104){dYmZ‘| nmÄMamÌmJ‘m|H$mo à‘mUËdoZ ñdrH$mam ^r J`m hr h¡.

Cgr CÎmaXm{`ËdH$mo {Z^mZoH$mo `hm§ 42d| gyÌ‘| AUw mî`àH$meH$ma e§H$m-gm‘mYmZ H$aVo h¢ {H$ OrdmË‘mH$s CËn{Îm Am¡a {ZË`Vm, XmoZm| hr, OrdH$mo{déÕY‘m©l`V`m ‘mÝ` aI H$a Š`m| Zht ñdrH$ma {b o OmVo? Bggo lw{V Am¡anmÄMamÌmJ‘ Ho$ ~rM EH$dmŠ`Vm ^r gånÝZ hmo Om oJr g‘mYmZV`m, {H$ÝVw,H$hVo h¢ {H$ {déÕY‘m©l` hmoZm ~«ô‘Ho$ AgmYmaU JwUV`m Cn{ZfXm|‘| à{Vnm{XVhþdm h¡, Z{H$ OrdmË‘mHo$ JwUV`m. Cn{ZfXm|‘| Omo OrdmË‘mH$m ì wÀMaU à{Vnm{XVhþdm h¡, Cgo A§eËdmnmXH$ {d^mOZ hr Ho$db g‘PZm Mm{h o CËn{Îm Zht.

`h gyú‘ {ddoMZH$s Anojm aIVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ~«÷ {ZË` hmoZona ^r{déÕY‘m©l`V`m AnZo gX§e yV O‹S>m|Ho$ ê$n‘| CËnÎ`m{X fS²>^md{dH$mamonoV~Z gH$Vm h¡. O‹S> nXmW©, naÝVw, ñd § H$m © hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| A{ZË` hmoVo h¢ {ZË`Zht. Š`m|{H$ àË oH$ O‹S> nXmW©Ho$ gmW VÎmX² Zm‘ Ed§ VÎmX² ê$n Ho$ g§ moOZH$mohr CËn{ÎmHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$mam J`m h¡ ""VÕm BX§ V{h© Aì`mH¥$V‘od AmgrV².


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VX² Zm‘ê$nmä`m‘od ì`m{H«$`V "Agm¡Zm‘m A`‘² BX§ê$n…' B{V. V{XX‘{nEV{h© Zm‘ê$nmä`m‘od ì`m{H«$`Vo "Agm¡Zm‘m A`‘² BX§ê$n…' B{V''(~¥h.Cn.1&4&7). ~«ô‘Ho$ VÎmV² gX§em|Ho$ gmW Bg Zm‘ê$nHo$ g§ moOZH$mo {ZË`Vmo ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm. AÝ`Wm "‘¥{ÎmH$m'Zm‘H$ {dab nm{W©d Ag§»`H$Uê$n gX§em|go "KQ>' Zm‘H$ n¥Ww~wÜZmoXamH$maê$n nm{W©d dñVwH$s CËn{ÎmHo$~mX BZ gX§em|Ho$ gmW Zm‘ê$nm|H$s `moOZmH$mo {ZË` ‘mZZona KQ>Zme Agå^dhmo Om oJm. AV… CÝh| H$ht "{ZË`' H$hm ^r OmVm hmo Vmo gX§e Am¡a Cggog§ mo{OV hmoZodmbo Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©, BZ g^rHo$ ~«ô‘monmXmZH$ Am¡a ~«ô‘mË‘H$hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| hr, Z{H$ BZHo$ BVaoVag§ moOZHo$ ê$n‘| CËnÝZ KQ>-nQ> Am{Xê$nm|‘|.

Ord, naÝVw, ~«ô‘H$m AUwn[a‘mU {MX§e VWm {ZË` hmoVm h¡. AnZo Bg‘m¡{bH$ ñdê$n‘| dh {H$Ýht {deof Zm‘-ê$nH$m YmaH$ Zht hmoVm. Bgr Vahgyú‘Xohg§KmVHo$ KQ>H$ àmU-H$‘}pÝÐ`-kmZopÝÐ`-‘Zmo- ~w{Õ-Ah§H$ma-{MÎm^r AmH$ëng‘mpßV {ZË` hmoVo h¢. AV… gyú‘eara Am‘mojñWm`r hmoZona ^r BZVÎdm|Ho$ gmW g§hV Ord {ZË`g§hV Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU A{ZË` ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡.ñWybeara Vmo {ZaÝVa OÝ‘‘¥Ë wHo$ MH«$‘| ’§$gm hmoZoHo$ H$maU hr A{ZË` hmoVm h¡.AVEd BZ gyú‘-ñWyb earam|H$s Anojmde OrdmË‘m H$ht ~«ô‘go CËnÝZhmoZodmbr dñVw r ‘mZr OmVr h¡. ~ÝYZH$s Anojmde A{ZË`V`m ~Õ OrdmË‘m^r, ñdê$noU {H$gr {deof Zm‘-ê$ngo Ag§ mo{OV hmoZoHo$ H$maU, {ZË` ‘mZrOmVr h¡. AVEd {ZË` ‘mojH$s AZw y{VHo$ hoVw ^r dh A{YH$mar hmo nmVr h¡.AVEd ~«ô‘Ho$ ^rVa b`mpË‘H$m ‘wpŠV‘| ^r OrdmË‘mH$m ñdê$nZme Zht na~«ô‘go A{d^ŠV ñdê$nmn{Îm hmo OmVr h¡, CpëbpIV ""K¥Vo K¥V§, Obo Vmo §''Ý`m oZ. `h g~ ~«ô‘Ho$ {déÕY‘m©l` Am¡a gd© dZgm‘Ï © Ho$ {dMmadegå^d ‘mZm J`m h¡. OrdHo$ ñdê$n `m gm‘Ï`© Ho$ {dMmade Zht. BgAm¡n{Zf{XH$ à{H«$`mHo$ gmW nmÄMamÌmJ‘m|‘| à{Vnm{XV OrdmoËn{Îm ñdrH$marOm o Vmo dh àm‘m{UH$ ‘mZr Om gH$Vr h¡. AÝ`Wm OrdH$mo O‹S>H$s Vah CËnÝZhmoVm ‘mZZona Vmo doX{damoY àgŠV hmoJm hr, ~g `hr A{^àm` `hm§nmÄMamÌmJ‘‘VH$s AmbmoMZmH$m h¡, OrdmoËn{ÎmHo$ gÝX^©‘|. Bg à{H«$`mHo$AZwgma nmÄMamÌmJ‘moŠV OrdmoËn{ÎmH$s ì`m»`m H$aZoHo$ ~Om` oXdmXm{lV

ì`m»`m H$aZona nmÄMamÌmJ‘r` OrdmoËn{Îm doXgo {déÕ ^r hmo gH$Vr h¡.

Bgo bú`‘| aIZona nwamUm| Am¡a ‘hm^maV ‘| CnbãY hmoVo C^`{dY dMZ`Wm : ""Ed§ gå~mo{YVmo éÐmo ‘mYdoZ ‘wam[aUm MH$ma ‘mohemñÌm{UHo$edmo@{n {edo[aV…, H$mnmb§ bmJwS§> dm‘§ ^¡ad§ nyd©npíM‘§ nmÄMamÌ§nmewnV§...'' (Hy$‘©nwam.ny.{d.15&112-113) VWm ""nÄMamÌñ` H¥$ËñZñ`dŠVm ZmamÙ… ñd`‘²'' (‘hm^m.12&337&63) BZ Am¡a Eogo AÝ` ^rdMZm|‘| PbH$Vo {damoYm^mgH$m n[ahma hmo OmVm h¡. ‘yb‘| doXgo A{déÕVÎd{Zê$nU H$aZodmbo AmJ‘dMZm|‘| ^r VÎmÝ‘Vr` nydm©J«hm|Ho$ H$maUAÝ`WmW©~moYZH$s gå^mdZm ahZoHo$ H$maU BÝh| "ì`m‘mohH$' H$hm OmVm h¡. O¡go^JdmZ²H$s {XìèpŠV`m| (ÐîQ>. : ^mJ.nwam.10&39&55) H$mo ^r ""nañ`{dîUmo… B©eñ` ‘m{`Zm{n ‘mo{hZt ‘m`m§ do{XVw‘² BÀN>m{‘... E{^… yVm{Z

yVmË‘m ‘hm yV¡…... ggO© CÀMmdMm{Z AmÚ… ñd‘mÌmË‘à{gÕ o. Ed§g¥îQ>m{Z ^yVm{Z à{dîQ>… nÄMYmVw{^… EH$Ym XeYm AmË‘mZ§ {d^ÄOZ²OwfVo JwUmZ²'' (^mJ.nwam.11&3&1-4) Bg àíZmoÎmar‘| "‘mo{hZr' ‘mZm J`m h¡,VX²dV² AmJ‘dMZm|‘| ^r H$ht-H$ht doX{déÕV`m àVrV hmoZoH$s ì`m‘mohH$VmàH$Q> hmo OmVr h¡. naÝVw doXm{damoYr A{^àm`naH$Vm AmJ‘dMZm|H$s ImoOnmZona `m EH$dmŠ`Vm gY OmZona BÝht emñÌm|H$mo ‘mojàX ^r ñdrH$mam OmVmh¡.

AJbo 43d| gyÌ‘| "g§H$f©U' nXH$mo Amh§H$m[aH$ OrdmË‘naH$ n[agr{‘V‘mZ H$aHo$ H$Vm©go H$aUJ«m‘H$s CËn{Îm ñdrH$maZona Xmof h¡, Eogm H$hm J`m h¡.AÝ`Wm H$Vm© Am¡a H$aU g^rH$s na‘mË‘mgo CËn{Îm ñdrH$maZona Vmo doX{damoYH$mg‘mYmZ ñd § nmÄMamJ‘m|Ho$ {d‘e© H$aZona ^r gweŠ` hr h¡.

~mX‘| AmVo 44d| gyÌ‘| mî`H$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ nañna ñdVÝÌ AZoHo$ídadmXdoXgo {déÕ hmoVm h¡ naÝVw EH$ na‘oídaHo$ AmYrZ {Xì` Eoíd ©dmZ² AZoH${dYXodê$nm|H$m hmoZm doXgo {déÕ Zht hmoVm. `h H$hm ^r J`m h¡ ""Omo Xodm|Ho${b oàH$m{eV hmoVm h¡, Omo Xodm|H$m nwamo{hV hmoVm h¡, Omo Xodm|Ho$ àH$Q> hmoZogonhbo àH$Q> Wm, Cg ~«mô‘r H$mpÝVH$mo Z‘Z'' (V¡{Îm.Ama.3&13&3) BgdMZ‘|. {’$a^r AmJ‘Ho$ dMZm|H$m AÝ`Wm AW©KQ>Z {H$`m Om o Vmo, do Adí`


92 93

{ZagZr` ~Z OmVo h¢. AÝ`Wm Zht.

ApÝV‘ 45d| gyÌ‘| nmÄMamÌmJ‘m|‘| AmVo doX{ZÝXmnaH$ dMZ {X JdmZ²Ho$A{^‘wI ~ZmZoHo$ à`moOZde H$ho-‘mZo Om | Vmo Xmofê$n Zht hmoVo. AÝ`WmdoX{ZÝXm Xmofê$nm hmoVr h¡. O¡go ""eãX~«ô‘{U Xwînmao MaÝV Cé{dñVao‘ÝÌqbJ¡… ì`dpÀN>ÝZ§ OÝVmo Z {dXw… na‘². Xm A`‘² AZwJ¥ôUm{V JdmZ²AmË‘^m{dV… g Ohm{V ‘qV bmoHo$ doXo M n[a{Z{ð>Vm‘²'', ""eãX~«ô‘{U{ZîUmVmo Z {ZîUm`mV² nao `{X l‘… Vñ` ’$b§...'' (^mJ.nwam.4&29&45-46, 11&11&18) Eogm ^mJdVnwamU‘| ^r H$hm hr J`m h¡. `h nwZ… ñ‘maUr`h¡ {H$ Eogr doX{ZÝXm ñd § g§{hVm‘| ^r F$MmAm|H$s H$s J`r hr h¡. gmW hr gmW`h r nwZ… AZwgÝYo hmoVm h¡ {H$ àm‘mÊ`ì`dñWmHo$ àW‘ Vbna à‘mUMVwîQ> rHo$AÝVJ©V lr‘X² mJdVH$mo gd©gÝXohdmaH$ ‘mZm J`m h¡. VXZwgma ^JdmZ²Ho$ Mmaì yh, CZH$m Ü`mZ-AM©Z Am{X {df`m|‘| ñd § {ZJ‘H$ënVéJ{bV’$bê$n

lr‘X² mJdVAmJ‘emñÌm|H$m àm‘mÊ` A§JrH$ma H$aVr hmo Vmo mJdVàm‘mÊ`H$sà~bVmHo$ de ^r AmJ‘emñÌm|H$mo doXmÝV‘| Aà‘mU ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm.

^mJdV‘| gwnîQ> eãXm|‘| `h {Zê$nU {‘bVm h¡-""Ëdm§ `mo{JZmo ÒpÝV AÕm ‘hmnwéf‘² B©ída‘²&&gmÜ`mË‘§ gm{Y yV§ M gm{YX¡d§ M gmYd…&&4&&Ìæ`m M {dÚ`m Ho${MV² Ëdm§ d¡ d¡Vm{ZH$m… {ÛOm…&&ÒÝVo {dVV¡… `k¡… ZmZmê$nm‘am»``m&&5&&EHo$ Ëdm ApIbH$‘m©{U g§Ý`ñ` Cne‘§ JVm…&&km{ZZmo kmZ`koZ ÒpÝV kmZ{dJ«h‘²&&6&&AÝ o M g§ñH¥$VmË‘mZmo {d{YZm A{^{hVoZ Vo&&ÒpÝV VÝ‘`m… Ëdm§ d¡ ~hþ‘yË }H$‘y{V©H$‘²&&7&&Ëdm‘od AÝ o {edmoŠVoZ ‘mJ}U {edê${nU‘²&&~ôdmMm ©{d oXoZ ^JdZ² g‘wnmgVo&&8&&gd©Ed ÒpÝV Ëdm§ gd©Xod‘ oída‘²&&

o@{n AÝ`XodVm^ŠVm… `Ú{n AÝ`{Y`… à^mo&&9&&

`Wm A{Ðà^dm… ZÚ… nO©Ý`mny[aVm… à^mo&&{depÝV gd©V… {gÝYw§ VÛV² Ëdm§ JV`mo AÝVV…&&10&&''

(^mJ.nwam.10&37&5-10).

BZ H$m[aH$mAm|naH$s "gw~mo{YZr' Zm{‘H$m ì`m»`m‘| ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ {H$`moJ‘mJ©Ûmam AmÝVa CnmgZm H$aZodmbo, ñ‘mV© H$V©ì`m|Ho$ {Zdm©hHo$ ê$n‘| na‘mË‘mHo$CnmgH$, {d{dY XodVmAm|Ho$ OZê$n lm¡VH$‘m]Ho$ ê$n‘| Cg na‘mË‘mHo$ CnmgH$,~«ô‘mËå ¡Š`Ho$ AZwgÝYmZÛmam kmZ‘mJu` CnmgH$, AÝ`mÝ` àUdm{X‘ÝÌm|Ho$Ûmam CgHo$ CnmgH$, {dîUwHo$ {d{dY AdVmaê$nm|Ho$ CgHo$ CnmgH$, e¡dmJ‘m|Ho$AZwgma {edê$nr na‘oídaHo$ CnmgH$, J«m‘XodVm Hw$bXodVm Am{X AZoH$ jwÐXodm|Ho$ ê$nm|‘o CgH$s CnmgZm H$aZodmbo; AWdm AnZo AmamÜ` XodH$mo {dîUwgon¥WH²$ ‘mZZodmbo ^r, `m| g^rHo$ g^r CgrH$s CnmgZm H$aVo h¢. nd©VmoX² yVm ZXrhmo `m dfm©Ho$ Obgo ~hVr ZXr hmo, g^r Z{X`m§ AÝV‘| Vmo gmJa‘| hr brZ hmoVrh¢, Eogo hr g^r CnmgZm AÝV‘| Vmo ^JdmZ²‘| hr n ©g{gV hmoVr h¢.

AVEd lr‘X² mJdVHo$ ñdê$n{Zê$nUV`m ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ ""AmË‘moÕmaHo$Cnm`ê$n à‘wI nm§M "lw{V-gm§»`-`moJ-newn{V-d¡îUd' Zm‘H$ ‘w»` emñÌh¢. BZ g^r emñÌm|H$mo AnZo A§JHo$ ê$n‘| Y‘©emñÌm|H$s Anojm ahVr h¡. BZ‘|`h ^mJdVnwamU d¡îUdemñÌ h¡'' (^mJ.gw~mo.1&2&28-29). Bg dMZHo$AdbmoH$Z H$aZona Eogm àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ H$ht Z H$ht ‘hmà w d¡îUdmJ‘m|Ho$Û¡{dÜ`H$mo Üd{ZV H$aZm MmhVo h¢ : EH$ AmJ{‘H$ d¡ImZg-nmÄMamÌê$n Am¡aXygam nm¡am{UH$ ñd § lr‘X² mJdVê$n. AVEd ^mJdVHo$ EH$mXeñH$ÝYHo$-

""d¡{XH$ H$‘©`moJHo$ {ZYm©aHo$ ~mX A~ gwJ‘ gmd©OZrZVmpÝÌH$ H$‘©H$m {ZYm©a H$aZoH$mo... Omo gm§»` Am{X emñÌ àd¥Îmhþdo CZ‘| erK« hr öX`H$s gmar J«pÝW`m|H$m {d oXH$ d¡îUdmJ‘hmoVm h¡. Bg d¡îUdmJ‘Ho$ AZwgma H$‘m©Zwð>mZ H$aZodmboH$mo ^r^JdmZ²H$s {d{^ÝZ {d y{V`m|H$mo OZoHo$ ~Om` gmjmV² na‘mË‘H$moÔZoH$s {d{Y AnZmZr Mm{hò. `hm§ VmËn`© nwpîQ>^pŠV‘mJu`


94 95

àUmbrgo JdmZ²H$mo (AnZo {MX§e yV OrdmË‘mHo$ rVa {~amO‘mZAmZÝXê$n na‘mË‘mHo$ AZwJ«hHo$ AZw^mdê$noU AnZo ÔZHo$gm‘Ï ©H$mo {Zhma H$a) ÔZ‘| àd¥Îm hmoZoH$m h¡. Bg nwpîQ>‘mJu`àUmbrgo ^JdmZ²H$m ÔZ H$aZo Ag‘W© VÝÌmoŠV àUmbrgo ^rlrH¥$îUH$m hr ÔZ H$ao; AWdm XmoZm|Ho$ g‘wÀM`nyd©H$ ÔZ H$ao.H¡$go ^r H$ao ÔZ na Ho$edH$m hr H$aZm Mm{h o... CnZrV {ÛOH$moAmMm`© ~ZmZona ÔZHo$ {ZX}eZ àmßV H$aZo‘| doXHo$ à{VHy$bOmZoH$s ^r{VH$m {ZdmaU {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡. ÔZH$s ar{Vg‘PmZodmbo AmMm ©H$m ^r `h H$V©ì` hmoVm h¡ {H$ nÄMamÌ Am{XAmJ‘moŠV àUmbrH$m AZwgaU H$ao. ‘hmnwéf `m nwéfmoÎm‘lrH¥$îUH$s H¡$gr ‘y{V©H$mo ÔZm Bg ~mao‘| ÔZH$Vm©H$m ñd^mdhr {Z`m‘H$ ~Z OmVm h¡''.

(^mJ.gw~mo.11&3&48)

EVmdVm h {gÕ hþdm {H$ ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©H$mo A{^àoV, lr‘X² mJdV‘hmnwamU(ÐîQ>. : mJ.nwam.3&9&42)‘| d{U©V Jdëbrbmgo AZwào[aV nwpîQ> pŠV,Omo AnZo ‘ybê$n‘| Vmo AmË‘na‘mË‘^md‘ybH$ Am¡n{Zf{XH$ (ÐîQ>. :~¥h.Cn.4&6&6) {Zénm{YH$ {Zh}VwH$ ñdV…{gÕ {dÜ`JmoMa {ZJw©Um ^pŠV hr h¡,dhr lrH¥$îUHo$ ÔZmW© gdm}Îm‘m ‘mZr J`r h¡. {’$a^r nmÄMamÌ AmJ‘{d{hV‘`m©Xm^pŠVH$mo ^r nwpîQ>^pŠVHo$ nwamU{d{hV ZdYm ^pŠV‘| g§{‘{lV H$aAmZwf§{JH$V`m AWdm AZwH$ënV`m AZwgaZm AZw‘V ‘mZm J`m h¡.

`hm§ EH$ gÝXoh `h CâVm h¡ {H$ V~ ‘hmà wHo$ {ÛVr`mË‘O Jmoñdm‘rlr{dÆ>bZmW à^wMaUZo ""‘ÝÌmonmgZ-d¡{XH$-VmpÝÌH$-XrjmM©Zm{X-{d{Y{^… `mo Añn¥îQ>mo a‘Vo'' (^pŠVh§.2) dMZ‘| ^JdmZ²H$mo ‘ÝÌmonmgZmd¡{XH$ `m VmpÝÌH$ Xrjm AM©Zm Am{XH$s {d{Ygo ^JdmZ²H$mo àmß`V`m gmÜ`V`mCÔoí`V`m `m {dYo V`m Añn¥îQ> Š`m| H$hm? g‘mYmZV`m Xmo ~mV| g‘P boZrAmdí`H$ h¢ {H$ `h {Zê$nU :

1.ÔZr` na‘mË‘mHo$ gdm©{Vem`r ñdmVÝÍ`Ho$ à{VnmXZmW© h¡

Z{H$ pŠV^mdHo$ d¡go CËH$f©Ho$ A^md‘| BZ {d{YAm|Ho$ ~ÝYZgo OZH$Vm©Ordm|Ho$ ñdmVÝÍ`Ho$ à{VnmXZmW©.

2.{d{dY emñÌm|Ho$ AZwgma Omo OrdJU gwgmYZ {Z…gmYZ `mXwîQ>gmYZ hmoVo h¢, CZHo${b o emñÌ{Zê${nV gw’$b Z¡î’$ë` `m Xwî’$bH$s {Z`{V à‘mU~bgo {ZpíMV hmoZona ^r H$Vw©‘² AH$Vw©‘² AÝ`WmH$Vwªg‘W© ^JdmZ²Ho$ à‘o ~b `m H¥$nm~b Ho$ {dMmago Cgo {Z`{V ‘mZZmA{Zdm © Zht.

`h OVmZoH$mo ^r Eogm ‘§JbmMaU {H$`m J`m h¡. O¡gm{H$ ^pŠVh§gH$maHo$hr eãXm|‘| XoIZm hmo Vmo ""Z ñdmÜ`m`~b§ Z `mJO~b§ Zmodm Vnñ`m~b§ Zmod¡am½`~b§ Z `moJO~b§ Zm{n CŠV^ŠVo… ~b§ Z¡d kmZ~b§ ZM AÝ`X{n`V² {H$pÄMX² ~b§ ‘o ApñV {H$ÝVw AÚ ídmo@{n `Xm VXm Vd H¥$nmHy$VojU§‘o ~b‘²'',""emñÌ§ {Z`m‘H§$ VmdX² `mdV² n yUm © H ¥ $nm Z Vo,ËdËH¥$nmn[anyU©ñ` Z¡d H$mo@{n {Z`m‘H$…'' (Zd{dk.8&9,3&6) VWm""{Z…gmYZ’$bmË‘m A § àmXw y©Vmo ApñV JmoHw$bo AVmo d § gw{ZpíMÝVm…OmVm… gd©VEd {h'' (gw~mo.{Q>ßn.10&5&28). AVEd dmëb^ doXmÝVm{^‘Vàm‘mÊ`ì`dñWmHo$ MVwW© Vbna AWm©V² AdVrU© JdËñdê$nHo$ {Z…gmYZ’$bmË‘mhmoZoHo$ {Za§Hw$e gm‘Ï ©Ho$ C×moYZV`m hr `hm§ Eogm {Zê$nU {H$`m J`m h¡.AVEd ‘hmà w, {ZO gåàXm`‘| lrH¥$îUH$s AZÝ`m ^pŠV Am¡a àn{Îm Ho$ ~mao‘|{H$gr g‘PmoVm Z H$aZoHo$ Ñ‹T>mJ«hHo$ ~mdOyX, AnZo AZwJm{‘Am|H$mo nwpîQ>^pŠVAgmYmaU CnmXo Vm g‘PmZogo nhbo "~mb~moY' Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| {ZOmË‘mdbå~rgm§»` Am¡a `moJ gmYZm Ed§ na‘mË‘mdbå~r nmewnV Am¡a d¡îUd gmYZm, BZHo$Ûmam ‘mojàmpßV ñdrH$maVo h¢ : ""Mma emñÌ ‘mojàmnH$ ‘mZo OmVo h¢... BZ‘|gm§»` Am¡a `moJ emñÌ OrdmË‘mH$mo {ZOm{lV ‘mojHo$ àXm`H$ hmoVo h¢...gm§»`H$s {ddoH$»`m{VH$s à{H«$`mHo$ AZwgma d¡am½` {gÕ hmoZona OrdO~ ñdê$nñW hmo OmVm h¡ Vmo dh H¥$VmW© hmo OmVm h¡... Bgr Vah `moJHo$n[anŠd hmoZona ^r Ord H¥$VmW© hmo OmVm h¡. nam{lV ‘moj nmZoHo$ ^r XmoàH$ma h¢. .. ñd § gdm©Ë‘H$ ~«ô‘Zo hr OJV²Ho$ {hVH$maH$ ~ZZoH$mo {edAm¡a {dîUw ê$nr ‘mojàX ê$n YmaU {H$ o h¢, AV… CZ‘| go {H$gr ^rEH$H$s ^pŠV Am¡a/AWdm eaUmJ{V H$aZona ^r ‘moj àmßV hmoVm h¡''


96 97

(~m.~mo.5-12). AVEd VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY‘| ^r Omo nwpîQ>^pŠV {Z^mZo g‘W© Zhm| CÝh| AZwH$ënV`m nmÄMamÌmJ{‘H$ nyOm{dYmZdmbo Xodmb`m|‘|, CXmhaUV`m,lrOJÝZmW nm§Sw>a§J lr{dÆ>bZmW lra§JZmW lr{Vén{V lr~ÐrZmW lrÛmaH$mZmWlrdaXamO gÑe Xod‘y{V©Am|Ho$ {ZË` nyOZHo$ ñWbm|na AWdm J§Jm{X VrWm]‘| ahH$a àn{Îm‘mJ©Ho$ AZwgaU H$aZoH$s Amkm XoVo h¢ (ÐîQ>. : V.Xr.{Z.2&255gmY.Xr{n.36-37). Bg Vah ‘hmà w Am¡a CZHo$ AmË‘O à wMaU Ho$ à{VnmXZm|‘|H$ht H$moB© {damoYm^mg Zht. AVEd Jmoñdm‘r lr{dÆ>bZmW à wMaU Ûmam {ZOOZH$àd{V©V nwpîQ>^pŠVH$s àUmbrHo$ AÝVJ©V ÔZHo$ àH$ma{dñVma‘|A{YH$m{YH$ CËgd Am{XHo$ AZoH$mZoH$ {d{Y-{dYmZ nmÄMamÌmJ‘moŠV hrAnZm o J o h¢, nwpîQ>^pŠVHo$ AmZwHy$ë oZ.

(8.Cng§hma) BgHo$ Abmdm nmÄMamÌmJ‘m|Ho$ {d{eîQ> {df`V`m ^JdËñdê$nHo$ 1na

2ì yh 3{d^d 4AMm© 5AÝV`m©‘r ê$nr Omo nÄM{dY à oX à{Vnm{XV hþdo h¢ Am¡aBZH$s AmamYZmHo$ ^r Omo àH$ma oX à{Vnm{XV hþdo h¢, do ^r lw{V-ñ‘¥{V-gyÌ-nwamUH$s naånamgo A{dnarV hr h¢. {deofV… lr‘X² mJdVnwamU‘| ^r Eogmà{VnmXZ CnbãY hmoZogo dmëb^ doXmÝV, AnZr ^mJdV{Zð>mHo$ AZwê$n,öX`nyd©H$ BÝh| A§JrH$aUr` ‘mZVm hr h¡. Bg ~mao‘| AÝ`^r g^r òmoVm|godMZm|Ho$ g§H$bZ Am¡a VmËn`m©ÝdofU H$aZona Bgo ^r gw{ZYm©[aV {H$`m Om gH$Vmh¡. {dñVma^r{Vde, {H$ÝVw, BgH$s {ddoMZm‘| CVaZoHo$ ~Om` g§Ho$V‘mÌ hr H$aXoZm C{MV hmoZogo Bg AmboInÌH$mo `ht Cng§öV H$aVo h¢. B{V e‘².

AZwÕ¥V AmYma yV dMZmdbr1 qH$pñdX² AmgrX² A{Yð>mZ‘²? AmaåÛ§ H$V‘pËñdV²? H$Wm AmgrV²?

`Vmo yq‘ OZ`Z² {dídH$‘m© {d Úm‘² Am¡U©V² ‘{hZm {dídMjm…? {dídVíMjw…CV {dídVmo‘wI {dídVmohñV… CV {dídVñnmV² g§ ~mhþä`m§ Y‘{V g§ nVÌ¡…Úmdm y‘r OZ`Z² Xod… EH$… qH$pñdX² dZ§ H$ C g d¥j… Amg, `Vmo Úmdmn¥{Wdr{ZîQ>Vjw… ‘Zr{fUmo ‘Zgm n¥ÀN>V BXw VX² `X² AÜ`{Vð>X² wdZm{Z Yma`Z²... `moXodmZm§ Zm‘Ym EH$Ed (F$Šg§{h.10&81&2-4...83&3), BÝÐ§ {‘Ì§ déU‘²Ap½Z‘² Amhþ… AWmo {Xì`… g gwnUm} JéË‘mZ². EH§$ gX² {dàm… ~hþYm dXpÝV

Ap½Z§ `‘§ ‘mV[aídmZ‘² Amhþ… (F$Šg§{h.1&164&46).2 gdm©{U ê$nm{U {d{MË` Yramo Zm‘m{Z H¥$Ëdm A{^dXZ² `X² AmñVo

(V¡{Îm.Ama.3&12&7), (Zm‘-ê$n§-H$‘©) VXoVXV² Ì § gX² EH$‘² AmË‘m AmË‘mC EH$… gZ² EVV² Ì`‘² (~¥h.Cn.1&6&3).

3 Z{h BX‘² A{VJå^ra§ ^md`mWmËå § ‘wpŠV{Z~ÝYZ‘² AmJ‘‘² AÝVaoUCËào{jVw‘{n eŠ §, ê$nmÚdm^mX² {h Z A`‘² AW©… àË`jJmoMa…, {b“mÚ^mdmV²M Z AZw‘mZmXrZm‘² B{V M AdmoMm‘… (~«.gy.em §.^m.2&1&11).eãX~«ô‘ì`{VaoHo$Z na~«ô‘U… àH$meZ§ ^d{V. eãX~«ô‘U¡d na~«ô‘ àH$meVoñdàH$me‘{n (^mJ.gw~mo.3&12&46). doXmÝVdmŠ`m{Z {h gyÌ¡… CXmöË` {dMm ©ÝVodmŠ`mW©{dMmaUmÜ`dgmZ{Zd©Îmm {h ~«ô‘mdJ{V…, Z AZw‘m{Xà‘mUmÝV{Zd©Îmm.gËgw Vw doXmÝVdmŠ ofw OJVmo OÝ‘m{XH$maUdm{Xfw VXW©J«hUXmT²>çm© AZw‘mZ{ndoXmÝVdmŠ`m{damo{Y à‘mU§ ^dZ² Z {Zdm`©Vo, lwË`¡d ghm`ËdoZ VH©$ñÀä wnoVËdmV²... Z Y‘©{Okmgm`m{‘d lwË`mXÈd à‘mU§ ~«ô‘{Okmgm`m§ {H$ÝVwlwË`mX`mo AZw^dmX`… M `Wmgå^d{‘h à‘mU‘², AZw^dmdgmZËdmX²^yVdñVw{df`ËdmV² M ~«ô‘kmZñ` (~«.gy.em§.^m.1&1&2). ‘hV… F$½doXmXo…emñÌñ` AZoH${dÚmñWmZmon~¥§{hVñ` (nwamUÝ`m`‘r‘m§gmX`mo Xe {dÚmñWmZm{Z^m‘.1&1&3)... AWdm `WmoŠV§ F$½doXm{XemñÌ§ `mo{Z… H$maU§ à‘mU‘² Añ`~«ô‘Umo `WmdV² ñdê$nm{YJ‘o. emñÌmXod à‘mUmX² OJVmo OÝ‘m{XH$maU§ ~«ô‘A{YJÝVì`‘² (~«.gy.em§.^m.1&1&3). {H$ÄM doXmÝVm… qH$ doXeofm… dm doXm…dm? ZmÚmo AZwn`moJmX² AZmaä`mYrVËdoZ VXwn`mo{JËdo nyd©H$mÊS>{dMmaoU¡d JVmW©Ëd§{dÚmàdoe… M. Z {ÛVr`mo `kmà{VnmXZmX² ‘ÝÌ~«mô‘UËdm^mdmV² M... ApñVVmdX² doXËd‘² AÜ``Zm{Xä`… ñ‘aUmV² M. à‘mUÄM gdm}@{n doX… ñdmW}. gMZ `k… MoX² ~«ô‘ ^dVw. ZM EVmdVm AdoXËd‘² A{Vàg§JmV². eŠ`Vo {hAp½ZhmoÌmXrZm‘² AÝ`VaX² AZÝV^md©ì` VWm dŠVw‘². Vñ‘mX² ~«ô‘m{n à{VnmX`ÝVmodoXmÝVm… doXËd§ Z ì`{^MaÝVr{V... nyd©d¡bjÊ`ÝVw ^yfUm`, H$mÊS>Û`ñÀÝ`mÝ`monH$m[aH$m[aËdm` gmYmaUJ«hU‘²... Vñ‘mV² emñÌ`mo{ZËd§ {gÕ‘²...AZ{YJVmW©JÝV¥ËdmV² à‘mUñ`... gÝXohdmaH$ËdmV² M emñÌñ`m{n VX§JËd‘²(~«.gy.dm.^m.1&1&2). à‘mUMVwîQ> o lw{V…-gyÌm{U EH$m H$mo{Q>…, JrVm-^mJdV§M Anam ñnîQ>¡d. VÌ C^`Ì à‘o oXm^mdo Û`{Zê$nUmWª oXo {damoYB{V H$W‘²EH$dmŠ`Vm? B{V Ame§Š` Û`§ g‘W©{`Vw‘² Amh `kê$nmo h[a… nyd©H$mÊSo>,


98 99

~«ô‘VZw… nao, AdVmar h[a… H¥$îU… lr^mJdVo B© ©Vo, gy m©{Xê$nY¥J² ~«ô‘H$mÊSo>kmZm§J‘² B© ©Vo. nwamUoîd{n gd}fw VÎmÐÿnmo h[a… VWm. ""`… gd©k… gd©epŠV…''B{V lwVo… kmZ{H«$`mo ` wV… gd}fm‘² AW©…. {H«$`mê$nmo `kmË‘m nyd©H$mÊS>mWm}kmZ o à{dîQ > m o , kmZmË‘m ~ «ô‘ê$n… CÎmaH$ mÊS > mW © …. "VZ w 'eãX…gmH$ma~«ô‘à{VnmXZm` "nao' CÎmapñ‘Z² H$mÊSo>. {H«$`m kmZ§ M Û § àH$Q>rH¥$Ë``mo AdVrU©… H¥$îU… g lr^mJdVo {d{eîQ>mo {Zê$ß`Vo. AV… IÊS>emo {Zê$nU§doXo, ^mJdVoVw g‘wXmòZ {Zê$ß` Vñ` brbm… AZoH${dYm… {Zê$ß`ÝVB{VEH$mW©Ëdo@{n n¥W½dMZ§ wŠV‘² B{V AW©…... gmYZê$n… ’$bê$n… M ñd`‘odo{VEH$dmŠ`Vm (V.Xr.{Z.à.1&11-12).

4 H$ëno Apñ‘Z² gd©‘wŠË`W©‘² AdVrU©ñVw gd©V… gd©VÎd§ gd©JyT>§ àg§JmX²Amh nmÊS>do... gd©Jmoß`mo {h Y‘©ñVw doXo

‘w»`V`m C{XV…... ^Jd{V doXmW©Ed na§ JwßVmo ^Jd{XÀN>`m `Xm nwZ…gdm}ÕmamWª à`ËZ§ H¥$VdmZ² VXm naånam`m… A^mdmX² ZmÝ ¡… ì`mg¡… dŠVw§ eŠ`VB{VìdmgmgVma…... g BXmZrÝVw JrVm`m§ àH$Q>mo ^JdËH¥$V… VX²ì`mgËdmX² ^mJdV§nydª ^JdVm C{XV§... V{h© nÄMamÌdV² ñdVÝÌVm ^dVw B{V Ame§Š` Amh{dídmgmWª-AmJ‘mnoj`m{n bmoH$mZm§ nwamUo {dídmg…-nwamUofw n{R>V§ pŠVhoVwH$‘²-V{Õ CnmgZm{dYm`H$‘². AÝ`‘{n hoVw‘² Amh-à{VnmÚoebrbm`m…-B©ebrbmgJm©{Xê$nm...-nwamUmW©ÝVw AV… na‘²... H$mbm{XY‘©hoVyZm‘² A^mdmV² gmåàV§H$bm¡ doXñ‘¥{VnwamUmZm‘² AWm©… gd} {h ~m{YVm…... ^mJdVñVw Z VmZ² AnojVo{ZË`ËdmV² gdm©{YH$maËdmV² gwb^ËdmV² M (V.Xr.{Z.à.2&63-69), B{V BX§ÛmXeñH$ÝY§ nwamU§ h[aaod g…... EVX²YmaU‘mÌoU H¥$îUmo ^d{V d¡ Y¥Vmo AW©VñVwn[akmVo kmVmo ^pŠV§ à`ÀN>{V (V.Xr.{Z.3&1&6-11).

5 doXm…-eãXEd à‘mU§ VÌm{n Abm¡{H$H$kmnH$‘od. VV² ñdV…{gÕà‘mU^md§à‘mU‘². doXm… gd} H$mÊS>Û`pñWVm… AW©dmXm{Xê$nmA{n. ñ‘¥{VËdoZ H¥$îUdmŠ`m{ZdoXËdo@{n n¥WJ² CŠVm{Z. ì`mggyÌm{U-"M'H$mamX² O¡{‘{ZgyÌm{U M... g‘m{Y^mfmì`mgñ`-ì`mgñ` g‘m{Y^mfm mJdV§... mdV² g‘mYm¡ ñd`‘² AZw y {Zê${nV§gm g‘m{Y^mfm. EVÀMVwîQ>`‘² EH$dmŠ`VmnÝZ§ gV² à‘mOZH§$... ZZw MVwUm©Šd Cn`moJ…? EHo$Z¡d M[aVmW©ËdmV² B{V Ame§Š` Amh CÎma§ nyd©gÝXohdmaH§$n[aH$s{V©V‘² A{déÕÝVw `Îmw Añ` à‘mU‘². VÀM ZmÝ`Wm. EVX²{déÕ§ `V² gdªZ VX² ‘mZ§ H$WÄMZ (V.Xr.{Z.à.1&7-8).


4

‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$s Xme©{ZH$ YmaUm

ZmamÙ… namo@ì`ŠVmX² AÊS>‘² Aì`ŠVgå^d‘²& AÊS>ñ`mÝVñVw B‘o bmoH$m… gßVÛrnmíM ‘o{XZr&&

(CnH«$‘) ‘Zwñ‘¥{V J«ÝWH$s Xme©{ZH$ YmaUmAm|Ho$ {d‘em©W© àd¥Îm hmoZm hmo Vmo Bg

AZw y ‘mZ OJV²H$s CËn{Îmgo nyd©, J«ÝWd{U©V, AàkmV AbjU AàVŠ ©A{dko gd©V… àgwßVmon‘ V‘mo yV AdñWmH$m; Cg Aì`ŠV ñd § y ^JdmZ,Omo V‘monZmoXZÛmam ‘hm yVm{XH$mo àH$Q> H$aZo‘| g‘W© h¡, Ho$ gmW Š`m-H¡$gmgå~ÝY h¡ CgH$s ‘r‘m§gm H$aZr Mm{h o.

(n[a^mfm VWm g§J{V) {df`monH«$‘JV gw{dYmHo$ hoVw nyd©d{U©V AdñWmH$mo h‘ "‘ybmdñWm' H$ho

Am¡a g¥pîQ>H$Vm© ñd § y ^JdmZ²H$mo "~«÷' H$ho Vmo Bg ‘ybmdñWmH$m ~«÷Ho$ gmWgå~ÝY Û¡V `m AÛ¡V `m Û¡VmÛ¡V AWdm Û¡VmÛ¡V{dbjU-VmXmËå`K{Q>V h¡, `hàñVwV ‘r‘m§gmH$m {df` h¡.

‘hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©H$s Xme©{ZH$ YmaUm, Omo "ewÕmÛ¡VdmX' Zm‘go{d»`mV h¡, Û¡VmÛ¡V{dbjU VmXmËå`dmXH$s nmofH$ h¡. AV… dmëb^ÑpîQ>H$sàmg§{JH$Vm {gÕ hmoVr h¡.

(ì`mdË`©ÑpîQ>)

gmH$ma ~«÷dmX‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$s Xme©{ZH$ YmaUm


100 101

1. ‘ybmdñWm VWm ~«ô‘ Ho$ ~rM {dOmVr`Û¡VK{Q>V gå~ÝYH$s H$ënZmàñVm{dV H$s Om gH$Vr h¡. O¡go O‹S> {‘Å>r VWm MoVZ Hw$å^ma Ho$ ~rM{dOmVr`Û¡V ahVm h¡ VWm Hw$å^ma {‘Å>r‘|go KS>m ~ZmVm h¡.

2. BZ XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM gOmVr`Û¡VK{Q>V gå~ÝY ^r gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡. O¡go{d w VWm O‹S> AmH$me‘| ‘yV© O‹S> Ðì` KQ>m{X CËnÝZ-pñWV-ZîQ> hmoVo h¢.

3. BZ XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM ñdJVÛ¡VK{Q>V gå~ÝYH$s H$ënZm ^r gå^d h¡. O¡goJ ©dVr ñÌrHo$ CXa‘| {eew ahVm h¡. Cggo {^ÝZ {’$a r CgHo$ rVa VWm Cgna{Z ©a. Bgr Vah dh ‘ybmdñWm r ~«ô‘Ho$ J ©‘| ~«ô‘{^ÝZ hmoZona r ~«ô‘{Z ©aWr Eogr ~mV ^r gmoMr Om gH$Vr h¡.

Bg àH$maH$s Û¡VK{Q>V ì`m»`mAm|Ho$ {ZfoYmW© "Û¡V'Ho$ gmW "ZÄm²' {dÝ`mgH$aHo$ AÛ¡VH$s H$ënZm ^r H$s Om gH$Vr h¡. BgHo$ ^r nwZ… Xmo àH$ma gm‘ZoAmVo h¢:

4. O¡go ewpŠVna «‘d¥{Îm^mV aOV gXgX²{dbjU A{Zd©MZr` {‘Ï`mhmoVr h¡, d¡go hr ~«ô‘ê$n A{YîR>mZna `h ‘ybmdñWm Am{dÚH$ AmdaU Am¡a/AWdm {djonê$nV`m «‘d¥{Îm^mV {‘Ï`mamo{nV Wr. Am¡a Cg AkmZmdpÀN>ÝZ{dewÕ{MÝ‘mÌ {ZJw©U ~«ô‘ AWdm Eogo AmdaUmon{hV {dewÕ{MÝ‘mÌ {ZJw©U~«ô‘Ho$ {ddVm}nmXmZV`m VWm AmdaUà`wŠV {djonê$n gJwU B©ídaHo$n[aUmå`wnmXmZV`m H$maU ~ZZona dh H$m`©ê$n Û¡Vàn§M àH$Q> hþdm. Eogm‘m{`H$ Û¡V ^r gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡.

em§H$agåàXm`mZwgmar ‘Zwñ‘¥{VHo$ ì`m»`mH$ma amKdmZÝX VWm Jmo{dÝXamOHw$N> Eogr hr ì`m»`m àñVwV H$aZm MmhVo h¢.

5. Û¡VHo$ {ZfoYH$m EH$ AÝ` àH$ma Cgo gXgX²{dbjU {‘Ï`m ‘mZZoHo$~Om` AgX²ê$n ‘mZH$a ^r gå^d h¡. O¡go ""M¡VÝ § nwéfñ` Y‘©…'' AWdm""AZwËn{ÎmY‘m© nwéf…'' ‘| dñVwÑîQ²>`m oX O¡gm Hw$N> ^r Z ahZona Û¡VK{Q>Vgå~ÝY m oX H$m mg hmoVm h¡, eãXH$s à‘mUd¥{Îmgo Zht {H$ÝVw {dH$ënd¥{Îmgo.""eãXkmZmZwnm{V dñVweyÝ`mo {dH$ën…'' (nm.`mo.gy.1&9)Ho$ ^mî` VWmVÎdd¡emaXr Ûmam Bgr {dH$ënd¥{ÎmH$m ñdê$n ^br ^m§{V g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡.

6. ‘ybmdñWm Am¡a ~«ô‘ Ho$ gå~ÝYH$mo Û¡VmÛ¡VK{Q>V gå~ÝY ^r ‘mZm Om

gH$Vm h¡. ‘Zwñ‘¥{Vì`m»`mH$ma Hw$ëbyH$ ^Q²>Q>Ho$ AZwgma ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$s Xme©{ZH$YmaUm lr^mñH$amMm ©Ho$ oXm oXdmXH$m hr g‘W©Z H$aVr h¡.

BVZr {d{dY gå^mdZmHo$ hmoVo Û¡VmÛ¡V{dbjU VmXmËå`H$m g‘W©Z, `{X‘Zwñ‘¥{Vd{U©V ‘ybmdñWm Am¡a ~«ô‘Ho$ ~rM, ñdrH$maZm hmo Vmo gd©àW‘ `hVmXmËå`dmXH$mo hr WmoSo>-~hþV g§jon‘| g‘P boZm AZw{MV Z hmoJm.

(Û¡VmÛ¡V{dbjU VmXmËå`) ""Û¡VmÛ¡V{dbjU VmXmËå`'' nX ""Û¡VmÛ¡V''nXK{Q>V h¡. VWm dh Û¡V Am¡a

AÛ¡V Ho$ ÛÝÛgo K{Q>V h¡. "AÛ¡V'nX nwZ… "Û¡V'nXHo$ gmW ZÄm²g‘mggo {ZînÝZhmoVm h¡. AV… gd©‘yb Û¡VH$m ñdê$n gd©àW‘ h‘mao {b o ‘r‘m§ñ` ~Z OmVm h¡.

"Û¡V'nXH$s ì wËn{Îm dñVwÑpîQ>go ""Û`mo m©d… {ÛVm, {ÛV¡d Û¡V‘²'' Xr OmVrh¡. VWm ~moYÑpîQ>go ""{ÛYm BV§ kmV§ ÛrV§, ÛrVñ` ^mdmo Û¡V‘²'' ^r eŠ` h¡.

dñVwÑpîQ>dmbr AWdm ~moYÑpîQ>dmbr {H$gr ^r ì`wËn{ÎmH$m Adb§~ZH$aZona dñVw‘| {ÛËd g§»`m `m H$‘© ñdVEd AÝ`{ZanojV`m {gÕ Zht hmoVm.AVEd H$hm OmVm h¡: ""A`‘oH$… A`ÄM EH$… B‘m¡ Ûm¡.'' Ho$db {ÛËdm{Xg§»`m hr Zht A{nVw EH$Ëd ^r {H$gr dñVw‘| gd©Wm {Zanoj àË``Ûmam ^m{gVZht hmoVm. CXmhaUV`m emIm Ed§ nÌm| na ÑpîQ> aIZona d¥jH$mo "EH$' Zht H$hmOm gH$Vm. emImnÌm{X‘mZ² Ad`{dH$s Anojmgo hr {H$gr d¥jH$mo "EH$d¥j'H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡. `h {Zad`d na‘mUw AWdm {d w AmH$me Ðì` Ho$ ~mao‘|^r BVZm hr gM h¡. {H$Ýht XmoHo$ {damoYm^mg‘| hr {H$gr dñVw‘| CgHo$ EH$hmoZoH$m àË`` CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, AÝ`Wm ñdVEd Zht. AVEd lre§H$amMm © ^r`h H$hVo h¢: ""Z M¡H§$ VVmo AÝ`X² {ÛVr § Hw$V… ñ`mX²?''

Eogr pñW{V‘| `{X "Û¡V'H$mo EH$ËdHo$ AË §Vm^mdHo$ ê$n‘| n[a^m{fV {H$`mOm o AWdm "AÛ¡V'H$mo ""Û¡V''Ho$ AË §Vm^mdHo$ ê$n‘| n[a^m{fV {H$`m Om o Vmo`h {~bHw$b ñnîQ> hmo OmZm Mm{h o {H$ A^mdà{V`mo{J kmZ gmnoj hmoVm h¡.dh à{V`mo{J ^r `{X nwZ… gmnojàË``Ûmam hr ^m{gV hmoVm hmo Vmo Û¡V `m AÛ¡VXmoZm| hr gmnojàË``Ûmam ^m{gV dñVwY‘© `m kmZàH$ma {gÕ hmoVo h¢. Am¡a BggmnojVmHo$ {gÕ hmoZona Ohm§ Û¡V (EH$ËdmË §Vm^mdê$n)‘| ^m{gV hmoVm h¡ dhr


102 103

Û¡VmË §Vm^mdê$n (AÛ¡V) ^r ^m{gV hmo gH$Vm h¡. AV… EH$Ëd Am¡a {ÛËdAnojm oXgo EH$ hr dñVw‘| ^m{gV hmo gH$Vo h¢. na XmoZm|‘| {H$gr ^r EH$H$mVWm n[a^m{fV C^`{dY "AË`§Vm^md' dñVwg§dmXr àË`` Zht hmoVm.AV…"dÝÜ`mnwÌ' m "dVw©bMVwîH$moU' O¡go AWm©V² eãXkmZmZwnm{V dñVweyÝ`mpË‘H$m{dH$ënd¥{ÎmÛmam ^m{gV hmoVo àË``m|H$s H$mo{Q>Ho$ o àË`` h¢ -`h {gÕ hmo OmVmh¡.

O~ "Û¡V' Am¡a "AÛ¡V' àË`` BVaoVa-AË`ÝVm^mdHo$ ê$n‘| dñVwg§dmXràË`` {gÕ Zht hmoVo Vmo BZHo$ ÛÝÛm|H$mo Vmo ñdVmoì`möV {gÕ H$aZoH$s Amdí`H$VmZht ah OmVr.

dñVwg§dmXr AZw y{V‘| JmoMa hmoVo Û¡V Am¡a AÛ¡V ~hþV hr bMrbo gmnojàË`` h¢. emImàË``ÑîQ²>`m Û¡V; Am¡a emImnÌ‘mZ² d¥jê$n Ad`{dÑîQ²>`mAÛ¡V-EH$Vm `h gd©OZ-ñdmZw d{gÕ àË`` h¡.

gwdU© VpÝZ{‘©V Am yfUHo$ ~rM‘| `{X AmË`pÝVH$ AÛ¡V hmoVm Vmo g^rgwdU©H$mam|H$mo yIo ‘aZm n‹S>Vm Bgr Vah gwdU© Am¡a VpÝZ{‘©V Am yfUm| ‘|AmË`pÝVH$ Û¡V hmoVm Vmo Am yfUH$m ‘yë` gwdU©‘yë`mZwnm{V Š`m| ‘mZm OmVm?

AV… CnmXmZmonmXo A§em§{e AmH¥${V-Ðì` {H«$`m-{H«$`mdmZ ~w{Õ-àË`Àd`dmd`{d Ho$ ~rM Omo gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡ CgH$s ì`m»`m AmË §{VH$ EH$Ëd-{ÛËd `m AmË §{VH$ Û¡V `m AÛ¡V ‘| gå^d Zht h¡. Bg AW©‘| hr XmoZm|Ho$ ~rMaho gå~ÝYH$mo Û¡VmÛ¡V{dbjU VmXmËå` ‘mZm OmVm h¡.

Bgo J{UVH$s ^mfm‘| H$h| Vmo `h VmXmËå` Z Vmo (1x0‹=‹0‹) g‘ eyÝ`dmXrAÛ` h¡ Am¡a Z (2-1=1)g‘ Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXr AÛ¡V h¡. `h (1=AZÝV,AZÝV=1) h¡. dñVwÑîQ²>`m EH$ Ðì`H$m AZoH$ Zm‘ê$nm|‘| ì`mH$aU h¡ VWm~moYÑîQ²>`m AZoH$Vm‘| EH$ËdH$m AZwXe©Z. AZwdmX‘| ‘yb ~m{YV Zht hmoVm. `hVmXmËå` ^mdê$n AôX h¡ {Ogo dmMñn{V ^m‘Vr (VXZÝ`Ëdm{YH$aU)‘|""AZÝ`Ëd{‘{V Z A oX§ ~«y‘ {H$ÝVw oX§ ì`mgoYm‘…'' H$hH$a "A oX' nX Ûmam

A{^{hV H$aVo h¢.

(à{gÕ àË``V`m gå^mdZm) Bg VmXmËå`ê$n A oXH$mo ~«ô‘ Ed§ OJV Ho$ ~rM H$moB© ‘mÝ` H$ao `m Z

H$ao na, Ho$dbmÛ¡{V`m|H$mo ^r ‘m`m VWm ‘m{`H$ OJV H$mo Vmo ‘mÝ` H$aZm hrn‹S>Vm h¡. AÝ`Wm ~«ô‘kmZgo ‘m`m {Zd¥Îm hmoZona ^r ‘m{`H$ OJV {Zd¥Îm Zhthmo nm oJm. Bgr Vah Ho$dbÛ¡Vdm{X`m|H$mo ^r na‘oída VWm CgHo$ JwU-H¥${VHo$~rM `h VmXmËå` ñdrH$maZm hr n‹S>Vm h¡, à‘md¥{ÎmJmoMaV`m AWdm«‘d¥{ÎmJmoMaV`m. {H$gr ^r gyaV‘| Bg XmoZm|‘|go H$moB© ^r {dH$ënd¥{ÎmJmoMa

àË`` Zht H$h nm oJm.

O¡go em§H$a‘V‘| gV² AgV² Ed§ gXgV²go ^r A{V[aŠV gXgX²{dbjUVmEH$ MVwW©H$mo{Q> ‘mZr OmVr h¡, Eogo hr VmXmËå` EH$mË §Vm^md {ÛËdmË §Vm^mdVWm BZHo$ ÛÝÛgo A{V[aŠV MVwW© EH$ ^mdê$nm H$mo{Q> h¡. dmëb^^mî`Ho$ à‘wIì`m»`mH$ma Jmo.lrnwéfmoÎm‘Or Bgo "A{‘Ì' nXH$s Cn‘m Ûmam g‘PmVo h¢.A{‘Ì O¡go Z Vmo {‘Ì hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z {‘ÌH$m Ho$db A^md hr. Š`m|{H$ dh VmonËWa-no‹S> g^r OJh H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡. "A{‘Ì' h‘ Cgo H$hVo h¢ Omo H$moB©{‘Ì ~Z nm o Eogm ì`pŠV hmo naÝVw h‘mam {‘Ì Z hmo.

(àm‘m{UH$ àË``V`m {g{Õ) ~«ô‘ Ed§ CgH$s OJËH$maUVm, O¡gm {H$ e§H$amMm ©à ¥{V g^r doXmÝVmMm`m]H$mo

AmJ«{hbV`m A{^‘V h¡, lw{V-ñ‘¥{V-gyÌ-nwamU-B{Vhmg Am{X emñÌàñWmZm|gohr {gÕ hmoZodmbo à‘o hmo Vmo h‘mao {b o {dMmaH¥$Ë` `hr eof ah OmVm h¡ {H$Eogm Û¡VmÛ¡V{dbjU VmXmËå` emñÌdMZm|Ho$ VmËn`m©bmoMZgo ‘ybmdñWm VWm~«ô‘ Ho$ ~rM {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ Zht. àñVwV àg§J‘| AVEd dh ‘Zwñ‘¥{VHo$dMZm|H$s ItMVmZ {~Zm H$s JB© grYr ì`m»`mgo {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ Zht?

(A{damoY{g{Õ) EH$~ma `{X `h VmXmËå`K{Q>V gå~ÝY O‹S>-Ord-B©ídamË‘H$ OJV² VWm


104 105

~«ô‘ Ho$ ~rM {gÕ hmo Om o Vmo emñÌ‘| CnbãY hmoVo nañna {damoYm^mgrÛ¡Và{VnmXH$ VWm AÛ¡Và{VnmXH$ dMZm|H$m g‘Ýd` Ed§ A{damoY ñdVEd{gÕ hmo Om oJm. Š`m|{H$ emñÌ O~ "Û¡V'H$s ~mV H$aVm h¡ Vmo EH$ËdmË §Vm^mdHo$ê$n‘| Zht. VmXmËå`Ho$ àË``‘| "Û¡V' "AÛ¡V' XmoZm| hr bMrbo àË``H$s VahAÝV^m©{gV hmoVo h¢. AV… {H$gr ^r dMZH$s ì`W© hr Jm¡UmW©H$ënZm‘ybH$ì`m»`mHo$ AnamYgo ^r ~Mm Om gHo$Jm. Bg Jm¡UmW©H$ënZmH$mo Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXrlre§H$amMm © VWm Ho$dbÛ¡VdmXr lr‘ÜdmMm © XmoZm| hr emñÌmnamY ‘mZVo h¢(ÐîQ>ì` ~«.em§.^m. 1&1&7). ""A{nM Šd{MX² Jm¡U… eãXmo ÐîQ>… Z MEVmdVm eãXà‘mUHo$ AW} Jm¡UrH$ënZm Ý`m` gd©Ì AZmídmgàg§JmV².''""EH$ñ`m{n eãXñ` Jm¡UmW©ñdrH¥$Vm¡ gVm§ ‘hVr Om`Vo bÁOm `Ì VÌApIbm adm… A‘w»`mWm© B{V dXZ² `: VÝ‘mJm©Zwd{V©Zm§ H$W§ Z Om`VobÁOm dŠVw§ emãXËd‘² AmË‘Z…?''

(‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$maH$m gåàXm`) lre§H$amMm ©H$s fÊ‘Và{VîR>mnH$ AmMm ©Ho$ ê$n‘| bmoH$à{g{Õ h¡. `h

N>h ‘V gy ©, {ed, epŠV, JUn{V, H$m{V©Ho$` Ed§ {dîUwH$s CnmgZmàUmbrHo$ê$n‘| ‘mZo OmVo h¢. ‘Zmohm[aUr ^mdn[anyU© ñVw{V`m§ ^r, AVEd,lre§H$amMm ©{da{MV AZoH$ à{gÕ h¡. BZ‘| ~«ô‘H$s àYmZmonmñ` XodHo$ ê$n‘|JUZm hþB© Zht h¢. àmMrZH$mb‘| d¡ImZg gåàXm`, Omo gå^dV… lre§H$amMm ©Ho$AdVmago nhobohr {dbwßV hmo MwH$m Wm, ~«ô‘mH$s àYmZ-Xod ê$n‘| CnmgZmhmoVr Wr Eogm ‘mZm OmVm h¡.

‘Zwñ‘¥{V Eogo hr {H$gr gåàXm`H$m nmofH$ J«ÝW h¡ `h Bg‘| g¥pîQ>Ho$ OZH$,nmbH$ VWm g§hmaH$ XodH$s Vah ~«ô‘-{dîUw-{edH$s {ÌnwQ>rH$mo ‘mÝ` H$aZodmbodMZHo$ CnbãY Z hmoZo go AZw‘mZ hmoVm h¡. g^r H$m`m]Ho$ hoVw Bg J«ÝW‘|na‘oídaHo$ ~«ô‘mdmMH$ Zm‘ hr à`wŠV hþE h¢: ñd`§^y {haÊ`J^© na‘opîR>àOmn{V Am{X. Z Ho$db BVZm hr A{n Vw à{gÕ "ZmamÙ' nX Omo AÝ`Ì{dîUwH$m dmMH$ ‘mZm J`m h¡ Cgo ^r ~«ô‘mHo$ AW©‘| hr ì wËn{ÎmKQ>Z Ûmam bo{b`m J`m h¡. e¡dgåàXm`‘| O¡go {ed-gXm{ed-na‘{ed ê$n CÎmamoÎma CËH¥$îQ>{edHo$ ê$n ‘mÝ` hþdo h¢; AWdm dmëb^gåààXm`‘| O¡go JwUmdVma {dîUw

g‘pîQ> AÝV`m©{‘ ~«ô‘mÊS>‘y{V© ZmamÙ Ed§ jamjamVrV nwéfmoÎm‘ lrH¥$îU `m|VrZ ê$n ‘mÝ` hþdo h¢. Eogo hr ‘Zwñ‘¥{V‘| ^r ñd § ^JdmZ², gd©bmoH${nVm‘h~«ô‘m VWm gd©bmoH${nVm ‘Zw `m| VrZ ê$n ‘mÝ` hþdo h¢. ApÝV‘ ~mahdoAÜ`m`‘| naVÎdHo$ AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$nm|H$mo JUZmàg§J‘| ^r Ap½Z ‘Zw àOmn{VBÝÐ àmU `m emídV ~«ô‘ Ho$ CëboI‘| {ed epŠV JUn{V H$m{V©Ho$` gy © Ed§{dîUw H$m AZwëboI ‘Zwñ‘¥{V J«ÝWHo$ lre§H$amMm ©{^‘V fÊ‘Vgo n¥WH²$ {H$gr~«mô‘gåàXm`Ho$ nmofH$ hmoZoH$s YmaUmH$mo nwîQ> H$aVm h¡.

Bg ñnîQ>rH$aUH$m à`moOZ `hr h¡ {H$ dmëb^ÑpîQ>go ‘Zwñ‘¥{VHo$ewÕmÛ¡VdmXHo$ nmofH$ hmoZoHo$ à{VnmXZ‘| h‘mam VmËn © `h Zht h¡ {H$ `h J«ÝWd¡îUd gåàXm` m pŠV‘mJu` gmYZmH$m CnXoeH$ J«ÝW h¡. Û¡VdmXr Û¡VmÛ¡VdmXr{d{eîQ>mÛ¡VdmXr {deofmÛ¡VdmXr {MÝVH$ O¡go d¡îUd gåàXm`‘| hþdo h¢ Cgr Vahe¡dgåàXm`‘| ^r hþdo h¢. Bgr Vah ~«ô‘gåàXm` `{X Or{dV ah nmVm Vmo Cg‘|^r Eogo gåàXm` oX CR> ISo> hmo gH$Vo Wo. Bgo hr bú`‘| aIH$a h‘ `h H$hZmMmhVo h¢ {H$ ‘Zwñ‘¥{V ~«mô‘gåàXm`Ho$ AÝVJ©V ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$s Xme©{ZH${dMmaYmamH$m nmofH$ J«ÝW h¡.

(dmëb^ ewÕmÛ¡VdmX H¥$îU^ŠË`W© h¡ VWm ‘mZd ewÕmÛ¡VdmXdUm©l‘Y‘m©W©)

àg§JdemV² `h ñnîQ> H$a XoZm `hm§ AZw{MV Z hmoJm {H$ ‘hmà^wlrdëb^mMm ©H$m ewÕmÛ¡V lrH¥$îUH$s nwpîQ>^pŠVH$s ZtdHo$ ê$n‘| àñWm{nV{H$`m J`m h¡ O~{H$ ‘Zwñ‘¥{VàmoŠV ewÕmÛ¡VdmX dUm©l‘Y‘m©MmaH$s ZtdH$sVah àñWm{nV hþdm h¡.

AV… O¡go dmëb^ CnXoe‘| dUm©l‘Y‘©H$m r {Zdm©h lrH¥$îUH$s nwpîQ> pŠVHo$A§JËdoZ `WmàmßV ‘mÝ` hþdm h¡, Cgr Vah ‘mZd CnXoe‘| kmZàYmZ H$‘©H$mCnXoe ^r dUm©l‘Y‘©Ho$ A§JËdoZ hr ‘mÝ` h¡ AÝ`Wm Zht.

JrVm VWm ^mJdVm{X àñWmZm|na Adb§{~V H$‘©-kmZ-^pŠVHo$ nañna


106 107

g‘wÀM`Ho$ ê$n‘| `m ñdmVÝÍ oU `hm§ n¥WH²$‘mJ© hmoZoH$m H$moB© ^r dMZ `hm§ñnîQ>V`m CnbãY Zht hmoVm àË`wV ‘mojmon`mo{J kmZ ^r dUm©l‘gå~ÝYrXohm{^‘mZm|na Adb§{~V hmoH$a hr gmYZËdoZ {d{hV hþdm h¡. ""~«mô‘Uñ`Vnmo kmZ§, Vn… jÌñ` ajU‘², d¡í`ñ` Vw Vnmo dmVm©… Vnmo eyÐñ` godZ‘²''(‘Zw.ñ‘¥. 11&235).

Bggo `h ^r {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ gmYZmonXoe‘| O¡go dmëbâr{Vgo Hw$N>{dbjUVm ‘mZd CnXoe‘| ÑpîQ>JV hmoVr h¡ Bgr Vah em§H$aar{Vgo ^r n`m©ßV{dbjUVm h¡ hr.

(em§H$a Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX dUm©l‘m{^‘mZ{ZdV©H$ kmZd¡am½`mW© h¡ VWm ‘mZdCnXoe‘| kmZ-d¡am½` ^r dUm©l‘Y‘mªJ h¡)

‘Zwñ‘¥{VHo$ AZwgma gH$m‘Vm emñÌàeñV Zht h¡ Vmo ^r bmoH$‘| AH$m‘Vmgå^d Zht h¡. AV… Amdí`H$Vm AnZr H$m‘ZmAm|H$mo emñÌ{d{YHo$ AZwHy$bV`mT>mbZoH$s h¡. d¡{XH$ g^r H$‘©, H$m‘ZmAm|H$s Vah hr, g§H$ën‘ybH$ h¡. dh Mmho`k hmo Vn hmo `m d«V hmo `m `‘-{Z`‘m{X Y‘©; g^r Hw$N> g§H$ëngo CËnÝZhmoVo h¢. AV… ew g§H$ënÛmam emñÌ{d{YH$mo AZwgaVo hþdo H$m‘ZmAm|‘| ^br^m§{VAdpñWV hmoZm Am Om o Vmo gmYH$ A‘¥VËdH$mo nm boVm h¡. (‘Zw. ñ‘¥. 2&2-5).

gmW hr gmW ‘Zwñ‘¥{V `h ^r ñdrH$maVr h¡ {H$ Bg g¥pîQ>‘| ^r yVm|‘|àm{UAm|‘| ~w{ÕOr{d`m|‘| ‘Zwî`m|‘| ~«mô‘U ~«mô‘Um|‘| {dÛmZ {dÛmZm|‘| H¥$V~w{ÕH¥$V~w{ÕAm|‘| H$‘©{ZîR> VWm H$‘©{ZîR>m|‘| ~«ô‘kmZr loîR> hmoVo h¢ (‘Zw.ñ‘¥.1&96-97). AV… Bggo `h ^r {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ kmZa{hV H$‘© `m H$‘©a{hV kmZH$mo‘Zw àeñV Zht ‘mZVo. lre§H$amMm ©Ûmam àeñV AH«${‘H$ g§Ý`mg `m Z¡îH$å ©H$mo‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$ma AY…nmVH$m hoVw ‘mZVo h¢. ""`Xhaod {daOoV² VXhaod àd«OoV²''H$s ‘mÝ`VmHo$ {dnarV ""AZYrË` {ÛOmo doXmZ² AZwËnmÚ VWm gwVmZ² A{ZîQ>dmM¡d `k¡íM ‘moj‘² BÀN>Z² d«O{V AY:'' (‘Zw.ñ‘¥. 6&37)H$hVo h¢.

Bggo {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ ‘Zwñ‘¥{Và{VnmÚ gmYZmàUmbr‘| Xohm{^‘mZ‘ybH$

dUm©l‘‘`m©XmAm|H$m Cëb§KZ kmZ-Ë`mJ-g§Ý`mg-d¡am½` {H$gr ^r hoVwdeAZw‘V Zht h¡.

dmñV{dH$Vm Vmo hr h¡ {H$ ‘mojmon`mo{J kmZgmYZm r hm§ dUm©l‘Y‘©ËdoZhr {d{hV hþB© h¡. AVEd Bgr dUm©l‘Y‘©H$mo ""nídm{X{^íMm{deofmV²''(~«.em§.^m.1&1&1) ‘mZZm ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$maHo$ {b o ñdßZ‘| ^r eŠ` ~mV Zht h¡.

`h ~mahd| AÜ`m`‘| ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$maÛmam d{U©V àd¥ÎmH$‘© VWm {Zd¥ÎmH$‘© Ho$ñdê$n Ed§ ’$bm|; VWm EVXW© ò CÕaU ‘ZZr` h¡: ""Vñ‘mX² Èd~«ô‘g§ñWmñdml‘{d{hVH$‘©dVm § gm o A‘¥VËdm‘² E{V. Z.H$‘©{Z{‘Îm{dÚmàË``mo… oXmV²'' (~«.gy.em§.^m. 2&23&1). ""AZdoú ¡dOm~mblw{V‘² Aml‘mÝVa{dÚm{d{Z`‘² AmMm`} {dMma… àd{V©V…''(~«.3&4&21). EH$m{YH$ ~ma lre§H$amMm ©H$s `h ñdrH¥${V {H$ ~«ô‘gyÌH$ma"`Xhaod {daOoV² VXhaod àd«OoV²' Om~mblw{VH$mo ÑpîQ>JV {H$ o {~Zm g§Ý`mg{dMmaH$a aho h¢. `h CZH$s ‘mÝ`Vm‘| Hw$N> J‹S>~‹S>rH$s Amoa gmoMZoH$mo h‘| ~m{YVH$aVm h¡. AVEd ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © H$hVo h¢: ""Aì`dñW`m àd«mOmod ¡am½`ñVmdH$…....AÝ`Wm`§ nj… ‘ÝdmXr{^éŠV… ñ`mV²''(V.Xr.{Z.àH$m.2&191). lre§H$amMm ©H$s BZHo$ ~mao‘| {dMmaYmamHo$ ~rM O‘rZ-Amg‘mZHo$ AÝVana Ü`mZ XoZogo {~bHw$b ñnîQ> hmo Om oJm.

‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$ma H$hVo h¢-gwImä wX{`H§$ M¡d Z¡…lo {gH$‘od M&àd¥Îm§ M {Zd¥V§ M {Û{dY§ H$‘© d¡{XH$‘²&&Bh Mm‘wÌ dm H$må § àd¥Îm§ H$‘© H$sË ©Vo&{ZîH$m‘§ kmZnydª Vw {Zd¥Îm§ Cn{Xî`Vo&&àd¥Îm§ H$‘© g§goì` XodmZm‘o{V gmå`Vm‘²&{Zd¥Îm§ god‘mZñVw yVmZË o{V nÄM d¡…&&gd© yVofw MmË‘mZ§ gd© yVm{Z MmË‘{Z&


108 109

g‘§ ní`Z² AmË‘`mOr ñdmamÁ`‘{YJÀN>{V&&(‘Zw.ñ‘¥.12&88-91).

BgHo$ {dnarV ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²Ho$ ^mî` (3&3&1)‘| lre§H$amMm ©H$monmR> oXH$s H$ënZmÛmam "" yVmZË o{V''Ho$ ñWmZna " yVmZß o{V'H$m g‘W©Z H$aZmn‹S>Vm h¡. lre§H$amMm © H$hVo h¢: "" yVmZß o{V nÄM d¡…, yVmÝ`Ë oVr{VnmR>§ o Hw$d©pÝV Vofm§ doX{df o n[apÀN>ÝZ~w{ÕËdmX² Xmof…''.

ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ lre§H$amMm ©Ho$ ‘V‘| ~«ô‘kmZHo$ gmW g§Ý`mgr‘| emñÌÛmamA{d{hV e`Z-OmJaU-^moOZ-AmÀN>mXZ-n ©Q>Z-J«ÝWmZwerbZ-{eî`monXoe-emñÌmW© Am{X H$‘© g‘wpÀMV hmoZona r dh " yVmZß o{V' Zht hmoVo. emñÌ{d{hVdUm©l‘Y‘©, naÝVw, gdm©Ë‘^mdkmZ‘§{S>V VWm {ZîH$m‘V`m AZwpîR>V hmoZona ^rnm§M^m¡{VH$ Xohgo ‘wpŠV {XbmZoHo$ ~Om` nwZO©Ý‘OZH$ hmo OmVo h¢. O~{H$‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$ma BÝh| àd¥ÎmH$‘©go CËH¥$îQ> Z¡…lo {gH$ ‘mZVo h¢ ñdmamÁ`‘mojàmnH$.BVZm Vmo ñnîQ> hmo {H$ ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$ma àd¥ÎmHo$ ~Om` {Zd¥ÎmH$mo CËH¥$îQ> ‘mZVo h¢Am¡a àd¥Îmgo hr `{X XodgmpîQ>©VmH$m bm^ hmo OmVm hmo Vmo {Zd¥Îm Omo ~«ô‘kmZê$ngdm©Ë‘^md VWm {ZîH$m‘^mdgo ^r ‘§{S>V h¡, dh àd¥Îmgo AnH¥$îQ> nm§M^m¡{VH$Xohàdoeê$n ’$b XoZodmbm H¡$go hmo gH$Vm h¡? Š`m|{H$ V~ Vmo àd¥Îm hr A{YH$loîR> {gÕ hmoJm {Zd¥ÎmHo$ ~Om`. Bgrgo lre§H$amMm ©Ho$ Ûmam àñVm{dV nmR>‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$maH$mo A{^‘V Zht hmo gH$Vm `h ^r ñnîQ>V`m {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡.AV… XmoZm|H$s {dMmaYmam ^r nyd©-npíM‘H$s Vah {déÕ {Xem‘| ~h ahr h¡.

‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$maHo$ {b o ñd{da{MV J«ÝW‘| à{VnmÚ H$‘© AeofV… Z¡:lo {gH$hr h¡: ""Z¡…lo g{‘X‘² H$‘© `Wmo{XV‘² AeofV…'' (‘Zw. ñ‘¥. 12&107).H$‘© {MÎmewÕ² `W© h¡ Am¡a kmZ ‘wŠË`W© h¡ Eogm Û¡VdmX ‘ZwH$mo A{^àoV Zht h¡.Vnmoa{hV {dÚm ‘mojàm{nH$m Zht hmoVr Bgr Vah {dÚma{hV Vn ^r {Z…eofV`mnmnmnhmar Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡ `h BZ Xmo dMZm|H$mo ÑpîQ>JV H$aZogo g‘Pm OmgH$Vm h¡. ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$mo A{^àoV {Z…lo g AkmZ‘ybH$ AH$‘© VWm {dnarVkmZ‘ybH${dH$‘©go {Zd¥{Îm h¡. AV… do H$hVo h¢: ""Vnmo {dÚm M {dàñ` {Z…lo gH$a§na§ Vngm {H$pë~f§ hpÝV {dÚ`m A‘¥V‘² AíZwVo'' (‘Zw. 12&104). ""`m…

doX~mô`m… ñ‘¥V`… `míM H$míM Hw$ÑîQ>`… gdm© {Zî’$bm… àmoŠV:Vnmo{ZîR>m… {h Vm… ñ‘¥Vm…'' (‘Zw. 12&95).

`h H$hZm Vmo {ZaW©H$ hr h¡ {H$ g§Ý`mgrH$mo J¥hñWHo$ H$‘© H$aZo Mm{h oAWdm J¥hñWH$mo g§Ý`mgrHo$. AnZo AnZo dU© VWm Aml‘ Ho$ AZwgma Omo H$‘©{d{hV h¢ dhr H$V©ì` h¡ AÝ` Zht. AVEd g§Ý`mgml‘‘| Ap½ZhmoÌm{X H$‘©{H«$`mË‘H$ ê$n‘| N>mo‹S> XoZoHo$ {dYmZHo$ H$maU Z¡îH$å ©dmX Zht {gÕ hmo OmVm.Š`m|{H$ Ap½ZhmoÌm{X H$‘m]H$m Jmh©ñÏ`‘| {H«$`mË‘H$ AZwîR>mZ VWm ñdmÜ`m`mË‘H$AZwîR>mZ {d{hVV`m H$V©ì` hr h¡ Ë`mÁ` Zht. {H«$`mË‘H$ hmo m ñdmÜ`m`mË‘H$,Ap½ZhmoÌ AZwîR>o ahVm h¡. EVXW© AYmo{Z{X©îQ> dMZ ‘ZZr` h¢:

Ef… gdª g‘w{XîQ>… H$‘©Um§ d ’$bmoX`…&Z¡lo ñH$a§ H$‘© {dàñ` BX§ {Z~moYV…&&doXmä`mg: Vnmo kmZ‘² BpÝÐ`mUm§ M g§ ‘…&Aqhgm§ Jwégodm M Z¡lo ñH$a§ na‘²&&gd}fm‘{n M¡Vofm§ ew mZm‘² Bh H$‘©Um‘²&qH${MV² lo ñH$a§ H$‘© CŠV§ nwéf§ à{V&&gd}fm§ M¡Vofm§ AmË‘kmZ§ na§ ñ‘¥V‘²&VÕç½ «§ gd©{dÚmZm§ àmß`Vo {h A‘¥V§ VV…&&fÊUm‘² EVm§ Vw gd}fm§ H$‘©Um§ àoË` Moh M&lo ñH$aVa§ ko § gd©Xm H$‘© d¡{XH$‘²&&d¡{XHo$ H$‘© moJo Vw gdm©{U EVm{Z AeofV…&AÝV ©dpÝV H«$‘e… Vpñ‘§Vpñ‘Z² {H«$`m{dYm¡&&gwImä wX{`H§$ M¡d Z¡lo {gH$‘od M&àd¥V§ M {Zd¥Îm§ {Û{dY§ H$‘© d¡{XH$‘²&&

(‘Zw.ñ‘¥. 12&82-88).

g~ Hw$N> (~«ô‘kmZ ^r) d¡{XH$H$‘©Ho$ AÝVJ©V h¡ VWm Cgr ê$ngo {d{hVhþdm h¡. AV… {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ Z¡îH$å ©dmX ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$maHo$ {b o ñdßZÑîQ>{gÕmÝV


110 111

^r Zht.

A~ ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$maH$mo A{^‘V ‘mojmon`mo{J kmZHo$ {df`V`m O‹S>-Ord-B©ída Am¡a ~«ô‘ Ho$ ~rM aho VmXmËå`gå~ÝYH$s {ddoMZmHo$ AW© h‘ CÚV hmogH$Vo h¢.

(à{VnmÚ{df`monÝ`mg) EVXW© J«ÝWmonH«$‘JV àW‘mÜ`m`H$s nm§Mdr H$m[aH$mgo àmaå^ H$a Añgrdt

H$m[aH$mn ©ÝV Omo g¥pîQ>H$s CËn{ÎmH$m dU©Z hþAm h¡ CgHo$ AmYmana {d‘e©H$aHo$ ~mX‘| ~mahd| AÜ`m`‘| à{Vnm{XV gd©Ë‘^mdH$m {d‘e© H$aZm Cn wŠVhmoJm.

gd©àW‘ nm§Mdr VWm N>Ç>r H$m[aH$mAm|H$s narjm Amdí`H$ h¡. do `m| h¢-AmgrX² BX§ V‘mo yV‘² AàkmV‘² AbjU‘²&AàVŠ ©‘² A{dko § àgwßV{‘d gd©V…&&VV… ñd § y ©JdmZ² ì`ŠVmo ì`ÄO`Z² BX‘²&‘hm yVm{Xd¥Îmm¡Om… àmXwamgrV² V‘moZwX:&&

`hm§ "AmgrX² BX§ V‘mo yV§' A§ego BVZm Vmo ñnîQ> hr h¡ {H$ `h V‘mo yVAàkmVm{X AdñWm nwamodpñWV Ñí`‘mZ ànÄMH$s CËn{Îmgo nyd©H$s AdñWmHo$ê$n‘| {dd{jV h¡.

N>R>o íbmoH$‘|Ho$ VrZ nX nm§Mdr H$m[aH$moŠV {df`Ho$ nam‘eu h¢. eãXV…-1. VV… 2. BX§ (ì`ÄO`Z²) 3. V‘moZwX.

Bg‘| "VV…'Ho$ VrZ AW© eŠ` h¢: (H$) Vñ‘mV² H$maUmV² (I) Vñ‘mV²à`moOZmV² (J) VXZÝVa‘².

VWm Bg "VV…'H$m H$m[aH$mñW BVa nXm|Ho$ gmW AÝd` Mma Vahgo gå^d

h¡. Cg MVw{d©Y AÝd` VWm {d{dY AW©Ho$ nañna ‘obZÛmam Zm¡ VahHo$ dmŠ`K‹S>o Om gH$Vo h¢:

1. VV… (Vñ‘mV² à`moOZmV²) ñd § y ©JdmZ² BX§ ì`ÄO`Z² àmXwamgrV².2. VV… (VXZÝVa§) ñd § y ©JdmZ² BX§ ì`ÄO`Z² àmXwamgrV².3. ñd § y ©JdmZ² BX§ VV… (Vñ‘mV² H$maUmV²) ì`ÄO`Z² àmXwamgrV².4. ñd § y ©JdmZ² BX§ ì`ÄO`Z² VVmo (Vñ‘mV² H$maUmV²) àmXwamgrV².5. ñd § y ©JdmZ² BX§ ì`ÄO`Z² VVmo (Vñ‘mV² à`moOZmV²) àmXwamgrV².6. ñd § y ©JdmZ² BX§ ì`ÄO`Z² VVmo (VXZÝVa§) àmXwamgrV².7. ñd § y ©JdmZ² BX§ ì`ÄO`Z² VVmo (Vñ‘mV² H$maUmV²) ‘hm yVm{Xd¥Îmm¡Om…

àmXwamgrV².8. ñd § y ©JdmZ² BX§ ì`ÄO`Z² VVmo (Vñ‘mV² à`moOZmV²) ‘hm yVm{Xd¥Îmm¡Om…

àmXwamgrV².9. ñd § y ©JJdmZ² BX§ ì`ÄO`Z² VVmo (VXZÝVa§) ‘hm yVm{Xd¥Îmm¡Om… àmXwamgrV².

AÝ` AÝd`Ho$ àH$ma BVZo F$Ow Zht {gÕ hmo nm |Jo. BZ Zm¡ AÝdàr{V‘|àW‘ Am¡a {ÛVr` ar{V‘| Vmo ‘m`mdmXH$m H$moB© CnmoX²~bZ Zht hmoVm. Vrgarar{V‘| Adí` hr nyd©íbmoH$‘| d{U©V ‘ybmdñWmH$s H$maUVm Am nmVr h¡.MVwW©ar{V‘| gJwU~«ô‘H$s r ‘m{`H$Vm {gÕ hmo nmVr h¡. n§M‘-fîR> AÝdàr{V{deofV`m Hw$N> ‘m`mdmXmonH$m[aUr Zht. gßV‘ AÝdàr{V nwZ… ‘m`mdmXHo$g‘W©ZmW© H$pënV H$s Om gH$Vr h¡. AîQ>‘-Zd‘ AÝdàr{V nwZ… Hw$N>{deofV`m ‘m`mdmXH$s CnH$maH$ Zht h¡ AV… Vrgar Mm¡Wr VWm gmVdrAÝdàr{VH$m {dMma {deofV`m H$aUr` ah OmVm h¡.

VXÝVJ©V gd©àW‘ V¥Vr` AÝdàr{VHo$ ~mao‘| h H$WZr` h¡ {H$ oXdmXmZwgmarà{H«$`m‘| ‘¥{ÎmH$m KQ> VWm Hw$å^ma H$s Vah ‘m`m OJV² VWm gJwU ~«ô‘Ho$ ~rMoX `{X ‘mÝ` Z hmo Vmo gJwU ~«ô‘ ñd § y Z hmoH$a ‘m`m y h¡ dh OJV²H$mo

‘m`mgo CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡ Eogm {Zê$nU {ZaW©H$ h¡ Š`m|{H$ ñd § ^r ‘m`mgo hrCËnÝZ h¡. VWm "ñd`§'nXH$mo {ZJw©U ~«ô‘Ho$ AW©‘| à`wŠV ‘mZZona dhHo$dbmÛ¡VdmXHo$ AZwgma dh Z ‘hm yVm{Xd¥Îmm¡Om hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z ‘w»`V`m


112 113

‘m`mgo CX² yV Ñí`‘mZ OJV²H$mo Jm¡UV`m. gmjr M¡VÝ`ê$noU ^m{gV H$aZodmbr {dewÕ{MV²Ho$ {Zê$nUmW© `h eãXmdbr ghO H$ënZm hr bJVr h¡ {H$""ì`ÄO`Z² BX§ ^JdmZ² àmXwamgrV²''.

MVwW© AÝdàr{V‘| "VV…' Am¡a "ñd § y' ê$n nañna ì`md¥ÎmmW©H$ nXm|Ho$g‘{^ì`mhmaH$s Amn{Îm Am oJr. n§M‘ AÝdàr{V‘| ""ñd § y… Aì`ŠVmo JdmZ²BX§ ì`ÄO`Z² VVmo (Vñ‘mV² H$maUmV² AkmZmonm{Yê$nmV²) ‘hm yVm{Xd¥Îmm¡Om…( yËdm/gV²) àmXwamgrV².'' `m| Hw$N> AÜ`mhma H$aZm n‹S>oJm. AÝ`Wm Adí` hrBg AÝdàr{VHo$ H$maU AÛ¡V {gÕmÝVH$s à{H«$`mHo$ AZwgma {ZJw©U~«ô‘H$sñdê$nmZm{X ñd § yVm ñdnaàH$meVmHo$ ‘m`mH$s Cnm{Yê$nVm VWm ‘m`mon{hVê$nH$s gJwUVm VWm H$maUVm Am{X H§$B© nj g§ b OmVo h¡. `Ú{n ‘Zwñ‘¥{VHo$AÛ¡Vr Q>rH$mH$ma ‘mYdmZÝX m Jmo{dÝXamO "VV…' nXH$m Eogm XyamÝd` ñdrH$maZoHo$~Om` "VXZÝVa‘²' AW© boZm A{YH$ C{MV g‘PVo h¢. Ho$db am‘MÝÐH$moN>mo‹S>H$a AÝ` g^r Q>rH$mH$ma "VXZÝVa‘²'Ho$ AW©‘| hr "VV…' nXH$mo à wŠV‘mZVo h¢. am‘MÝÐ "Vñ‘mV² H$maUmV²'Ho$ AW©‘| "VV…'nXH$mo à wŠV ‘mZVo h¢."Vñ‘mV² à`moOZmV²' AW©‘| à wŠV ‘mZZm hmo Vmo "Amgr{XX§ gd©V…'‘| "`V…'nXHo$AÜ`mhmaH$s H$ënZm H$aZr n‹S>oJr. "Š`m|{H$ `h V‘mo yV.... Wm. AV… Cgoì`ŠV H$aVo hþdo ñd § y ^JdmZ² ì`ŠV hþE' Eogm AW© {ZH$bVm h¡. Z Vmo H$moB©^r Q>rH$mH$ma Eogo AW©H$s H$ënZm H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Z `hm§ VH$ YmdZH$m H$moB©wpŠVg§JV Am¡{MË` hr h¡.

Bg Vah AÝV‘| "VV…'Ho$ Xmo AW© ~M OmVo h¢. EH$ "Vñ‘mV² H$maUmV²' Am¡aXygam "VXZÝVa‘²'. ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ñd § y ^JdmZ²H$mo Cg V‘mo yV AàkmVm{XAdñWmgo àmXw y©V hþdm Vmo ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm. {ZîH$f©V`m "VXZÝVa‘²' AW©boZm n‹S>oJm Am¡a H$hZm n‹S>oJm {H$ "BX§H$ma{Z{X©îQ> OJV² nhbo V‘mo yV Wm Am¡a~mX‘| Cgo ì`ŠV H$aVo hþE ñd`§^y ^JdmZ² ^r ì`ŠV hmo Jò.' "V‘'nXì`ŠVVmHo$ {dnarVmW©V`m à wŠV hþAm h¡. Š`m|{H$ "`h nhbo V‘mo yV Wm'AWm©V² ì`ŠV hmoZona A~ `h OJV² V‘mo yV Zht h¡. "V‘mo yV‘pñV' Zht H$hmJ`m h¡ àË wV "V‘mo yV‘mgrV²' H$hm J`m h¡. AV… `h V‘ Š`m g¥pîQ>H$sCËn{Îmgo nyd© gV² Wm AgV² Wm gXgV² Wm `m gXgX²{dbjU? `h {dMmaUr`

h¡. `{X dh V‘H$mo ñd § y ^JdmZ²go {^ÝZ Am¡a gV² ‘mZ| Vmo Û¡VdmX {gÕ hmoJm.VXmË‘H$V`m A{^ÝZ Am¡a gV² ‘mZ|, gV² VWm A{^ÝZ hmoZogo ewÕmÛ¡VHo$ AZwgmaV‘moZmoXoZ AWm©V² "V‘mo{ZamgoZ'H$m AW© V‘pñVamoYmZ boZm Mm{hò. gV²H$mAm{d^m©d-{Vamo md hmoVm h¡ CËn{Îm-Zme Zht, Vmo ewÕmÛ¡V. gXgX²{dbjUV`m{‘Ï`m Am¡a A{^ÝZ ‘mZ| Vmo Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX. VWm {^ÝZm{^ÝZ Am¡a gXgX² ‘mZ|Vmo Û¡VmÛ¡VdmX.

{dñVma^`go g^r H$mo{Q>`m|H$m {dñV¥V {d‘e© {H$ o {~Zm A{^ÝZ ‘mZH$agV² ‘mZZm Mm{h o {H$ gXgX²{dbjU `h {dMma h‘ Hw$N> H$aZm MmhVo h¢.Š`m|{H$ amKdmZÝXr ì`m»`m hm§ Ho$dbmÛ¡VH$m AZwgaU H$aVr h¢ VWm Hw$ëbwH$^Q>Û¡VmÛ¡VdmXH$m. h‘ `h H$h MwHo$ h¢ {H$ VmXmËå`Ho$ J ©‘| Û¡VmÛ¡V ah gH$Vo h¢naÝVw Ho$dbmÛ¡V VmXmËå`H$m gmjmV² àË`m»`mZ h¡. AV… gXgX²{dbjU‘mZZona `h g§e` hmoVm h¡ {H$ Š`m `h ‘ybmdñWm ñdê$nV… AZm{X h¡ `mH$ënmZwH$ën MH«$dV² MbVr àdmhmZm{X h¡.

(ñdê$nmZm{XVm{d‘e©) `{X Cg ‘ybmdñWmH$mo ~«ô‘H$s Vah ñdê$nmZm{XV`m ‘mÝ` H$aVo h¢ Vmo

CËn{Îmgo nhbo XmoZm|Ho$ {ZíMoîQ> VWm CËn{ÎmHo$ g‘` AH$ñ‘mV² XmoZm|Ho$ gMoîQ>hmo OmZona CÝh| gMoîQ> H$aZodmbo {H$gr V¥Vr` H$maUH$s H$ënZm H$aZr n‹S>oJr.dh `{X CnbãY Zht hmoVm Vmo Xmo‘|go {H$gr EH$‘| {ZíMoîQ>Vmgo gMoîQ> ~ZZoHo$bm`H$ {Z`VH$m{bH$ {dlm‘H$m {Z`m‘H$ ñd^md `m g§H$ën gm‘Ï © ‘mZZmn‹S>oJm.

dh "ì`ÄO`pÝZX‘²' A§e‘| H$V¥©ËdV`m lwV ñd`§^y ^JdmZ²‘| {ZîR>g§H$ënmË‘H$ gm‘Ï © hr A{YH$ C{MV bJVm h¡, {Z`VH$m{bH$ {dlm‘H$sH$ënZmÛmam ñd^mddmXH$s H$ënZm H$aZoHo$ ~Om`. AV… dh gm‘Ï © ‘ybmdñWmJVZ hmoH$a ~«ô‘JV {gÕ hmoVm h¡.

Bg H$V¥©ì`mnmaH$s B{VH$V©ì`Vm "V‘moZwX' nXÛmam Úmo{VV hmo ahr h¡. VWmCg ì`mnmaH$mo H$aZoH$s j‘Vm "‘hm yVm{Xd¥Îmm¡Om…'nXÛmam Úmo{VV hmo ahr h¡.


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"ZwX'Ho$ Xmo AW© hmo gH$Vo h¢. EH$ {ZagZ VWm Xygam àoaU. AmR>‘|go MmaQ>rH$mH$ma àW‘ AW© ñdrH$maVo h¢ VWm Mma àoaU. ñnîQ> h¡ "V‘mo{ZagZ' AW©boZona Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXHo$ AZwgma AmdaU {Zd¥Îm hþAm ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. V~ {djonCËnÝZ hr Zht nm oJm. AVEd amKdmZÝXH$mo A{^^dHo$ AW© VH$ YmdZ H$aZmnS>m h¡. VWm ‘hm yVm{XH$mo àH$Q> H$aZoH$m gm‘Ï © `{X hmo Vmo {ZaW©H$ V‘H$moàH$Q> H$aZogo bm^ ^r Š`m hmoJm?

"BX§ ì`ÄO`Z² V‘moZwX… ‘hm yVm{Xd¥Îmm¡Om… àmXwamgrV²' AÝd` `{X ñdrH$ma|Vmo "ní`Z² JÀN>{V' AWdm "ZoÌo CÝ‘rb`Z² ní`{V' H$s Vah OJV²H$mo àH$Q>H$aZoH$s VWm ñd`§Ho$ àH$Q> hmoZoH$s {H«$`mAm|‘| {H$gr VahH$m gh^md ^rñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm- "ì`ÄO`Z² àmXwamgrV²'. AV… ñd §Ho$ àmXw m©d‘| VWm OJV²Ho$àmXw m©dZ‘| O¡go H$m ©H$maU^md Úmo{VV hmo ahm h¡ d¡go hr H$moB© g§~§Y ^r Úmo{VVhmo hr ahm h¡. Š`m dh VmXmËå` h¡ {H$ AmË`pÝVH$ AÛ¡V h¡?

EH$ hr íbmoH$‘| ‘hm yVm{Xd¥Îmm¡Om… ê$n gJwU `m e~b ~«ô‘H$m VmoAmË`pÝVH$ AÛ¡V VWm V‘mo yV AmdaUH$m {‘Ï`mËd Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX‘| ñd‘mÝ`à{H«$`m Zht h¡. {ZJw©U~«ô‘ ‘hm yVm{Xd¥Îmm¡Om… Zht hmoVm, {Zénm{YH$ hmoZogo.gmonm{YH$V`m ñdrH$maZona nwZ… e~b-gJwU ~«ô‘ hr gm‘Zo Am OmVm h¡.{OgH$m AmË`pÝVH$ AÛ¡V hmoVm Zht, ì`mdhm[aH$ Û¡V ñdrH¥$V hmoZogo.

’$bV… V‘mo yV ‘ybmdñWm VWm ñd § y ^JdmZ²Ho$ ~rM VmXmËå` ñdrH$maZmhr n‹S>Vm h¡. V~ OJV²H$mo ì`ŠV H$aZoH$s à{H«$`m‘| hr dh ^r ñd § A§eV…ì`ŠV hmo ahm h¡ `h AW© gm‘Zo AmVm h¡.

""Aì`ŠV… V‘moZwX ‘hm yVm{Xd¥Îmm¡Om… BX§ ì`ÄO`Z² àmXwamgrV²'' H$hZoHo$H$maU nhbo `h ^r Aì`ŠV Wm VWm ~mX‘| ì`ŠV hþAm `h AW© ^r {~bHw$bñnîQ>V`m gm‘Zo AmVm h¡. `hm§ {dMmaUr` `hr h¡ {H$ dh {H$gHo$ {b o Aì`ŠVWm Am¡a {H$gHo$ g‘j àmXw y©V hþAm. ñd §H$mo boVo h¢ Vmo Bggo nhbo CgoAñd §àH$me ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. VWm AÝ` {H$grH$s pñW{V V~ Wr hr Zht. AV…dh àH$Q> hþAm {H$gHo$ g‘j? hR>mV² h‘| `h ñdrH$maZoH$mo ~m{YV hmoZm n‹S>Vm

h¡ {H$ CgZo Omo OJV²H$mo àH$Q> {H$`m Cgr à{H«$`m‘| CgZo ñd §H$mo ^r ñd §Ho$gm‘j VmXmËå`^mdgo {ÛYm {d^ŠV H$a àH$Q> {H$`m h¡. `hr ewÕmÛ¡VdmX h¡.AVEd gd©kZmamÙH$s `hm§ dh ì`m»`m {H$ ""OJVñVXwnmXo ñ` ì`pŠVaodVX²ì`pŠVZm©Ý`Wm'' AVrd g‘rMrZ bJVr h¡. Cg ñd`§àH$meZo ÐîQ¥>-Ñí`^mda{hV hmoZogo AnZr Amdí`H$VmH$mo VWm naàH$me hmoZogo O‹S> OJV²H$sV‘mo yVVmH$mo {ZañV AWm©V² {Vamo{hV H$a ñd §H$mo VWm OJV²H$mo àH$Q> {H$`m.gM H$h| Vmo OJXmË‘Zm ñd §H$mo hr ì`ŠV {H$`m, `h ì`m»`mar{V ewÕmÛ¡Vr h¡.

CgHo$ ~mX A~ {ÛVr` g§e`H$mo{Q>H$m {dMma H$aZm Ad{eîQ> ah OmVm h¡.

(àdmhmZm{XVm{d‘e©) àdmhmZm{XVmHo$ H$ën‘| Xmo àH$ma g§ d h¡:(1)OJV²H$s ‘ybmdñWm VWm

‘hm yVm{Xd¥Îmm¡Oê$n gJwU ~«ô‘ XmoZm|H$mo ~rOm§Hw$aÝ`m`go EH$-XygaoH$m OÝ` ^rVWm OZH$ r ~«ô‘ ‘mZm Om o. AWm©V² àË oH$ H$ënmaå^‘| V‘mo yVVm gJwU~«ô‘H$moCËnÝZ H$aVr h¡ Omo gJwU~«ô‘ Cg H$ënH$s g‘mpßVHo$ g‘` ZîQ> hmoVo-hmoVo EH${ÛVr` V‘mo yVVmH$mo CËnÝZ H$aVm hþAm OmVm h¡. (2)Xygam àH$ma `h hmo gH$Vmh¡ {H$ ~«ô‘H$s Vah V‘moê$n ‘ybmdñWm ñdê$nmZm{X h¡ Omo H$ënm{X AmoaH$ënmÝV Ho$ ‘Ü`‘| nwZ… nwZ… gJwU~«ô‘H$mo CËnÝZ H$aVr ahVr h¡. Ed‘² {ZO‘|brZ H$aVm ahVm h¡.

(1) àW‘ g§^mdZmH$mo ñdrH$maZo‘| `h H${R>ZmB© h¡ {H$ Eogr {d{dY{damoYm^mgr AZoH$ à{H«$`mn| {gÕmÝVboeà ¥{V AÛ¡V J«ÝWm|‘| à{Vnm{XV hþB© h¡Am¡a ZB© ^r H$B© CX² m{dV H$s Om gH$Vr h¡. naÝVw BZH$m ‘Zwñ‘¥{Vgo Vmb‘ob^r Vmo ~¡R>Zm Mm{h o. Bg g§X ©‘| AmJm‘r gmVdt H$m[aH$m `m| h¡:

`mo Agm¡ AVrpÝÐ`J«mø gyú‘mo ì`ŠV… gZmVZ…& gd© yV‘`mo A{MÝË`… g Ed ñd`‘² CX²~^m¡&&

`hm§ Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXr ^mfm‘| ~mobZona {damoYm^mg Câ H$a gm‘Zo Am


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Om oJm. Omo gyú‘ Aì`ŠV AVrpÝÐ`-J«mô` emídV²-{ZË` A~m{YV {dewÕm{MV² h¡ dh A{MÝË` VWm gd© yV‘` ^r h¢ Am¡a dhr ñd § àH$Q> hmo J`m.{dewÕm {MV² A{MÝË` hmo gH$Vr h¡ naÝVw Z Vmo gd© yV{dH$ma Am¡a Z gd© yVàMwahmo gH$Vr h¡. Jm¡Ur H$ënZm H$aZodmbm|go Vmo emñÌmW©‘r‘m§gm eŠ` Zht h¡.bú`‘| aIZm Mm{h o {H$ `hm§ nyd©d{U©V "ñd § y' nXH$s ì`m»`m J«ÝWH$ma H$aaho h¢. AV… ewpŠVaOVHo$ CXmhaU‘| r H$moB© h Vmo H$h gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Omo ewpŠVWr dh aOV ~Z JB©. naÝVw gmW hr gmW H$moB© `h ^r H$ho {H$ ewpŠV OmoaOV‘` h¡ dh aOV ~Z JB© V~ ~mV ~«ô‘H$s Z ahH$a dñVwd¥Îm hmoZoH$m ê$n boboVr h¡. amKdmZÝXrVmo `hm§ ‘Zwñ‘¥{VÛmam ñVwË`W© à wŠV "A{MÝË`' {deofUgoCgH$s ñVmdH$Vm AnöV H$a Cgo "{dMmamgh'Ho$ AW©‘| AÝ`WmZ`Z H$aVo h¢.O~{H$ dmñV{dH$Vm h h¡ ‘m`mdpÀN>ÝZ-‘m`md¥V {ZJw©U ~«ô‘ AWdm ‘m`m{d{jßVgJwU~«ô‘Ho$ OJËH$maU ~ZZona A{MÝË`VmH$m H$moB© àíZ hr Zht ah OmVm.AÝ`Wm ewpŠVHo$ ^r «‘d¥{Îmgo aOV^mdmnÝZ hmoZona CgH$s ^r {dMmamghVm‘mZZr n‹S>oJr. O~{H$ `hm§ {dMmamghVm Zht. Š`m|{H$ g~ OmZVo h¢ {H$ ewpŠVaOV Zht ~ZVr. àË`wV ewpŠVH$m AkmZ aOVgmÑí`m{X H$maUgm‘J«rdeaOVV`m {‘Ï`m ^m{gV hmoVm h¡. gXgÎdoZ {dMmamghVm Cg aOVH$s H$hr OmgH$Vr h¡ Am¡a dh ~w{ÕJ«mô` ^r h¡ naÝVw aOVV`m {‘Ï`m^m{gV hmoZo‘| ewpŠVH$s{dMmamghVm H$m¡Z ‘mZVm h¡?

( yV§ A yV§ dm Om`Vo?) AV… lrJm¡S>nmXmMm ©Ho$ {dH$ënm|H$mo bmJw H$aHo$ `hm§ ^r nyN>m Om gH$Vm

h¡ {H$ ~rOm§Hw$aH$s Vah H$m ©H$maU^mdde àdmhmZm{XV`m Š`m gJwU~«ô‘ AnZoCnmXmZ yV {dÚ‘mZ AkmZmdaUH$mo H$ënmÝV‘| CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡ {H$ AZwnmXmZ yVA{dÚ‘mZ AkmZH$mo? {dÚ‘mZHo$ ~mao‘| lrJm¡S>nmXmMm ©Zo {gÕmÝV ñWm{nV{H$`m h¡ {H$ ""^yV§ Z Om`Vo {H$pÄMX²'' Am¡a A{dÚ‘mZ AZwnmXmZ^yVAkmZmdaUH$s ^r CËn{Îm ñdrH$mar Zht Om gH$Vr Š`m|{H$ ""A^yV§ Z¡dOm`Vo''.

AZwnmXmZ yV A{dÚ‘mZ AkmZmdaUH$mo KQ>H$s Vah, CnmXmZ yV {dÚ‘mZ{‘Å>rHo$ O¡gr A{dÚmgo CËnÝZ H$aZoH$s H$Wm ^r ""^yV§ Z Om`Vo'' Ûmam

XÎmmoÎm[aV h¡.

(nm¡ZéËn{ÎmH$ b`/‘wpŠV/{ZaÝd` Zme?) àb`H$mb‘| gJwU~«ô‘ {ZOmonmXmZ yV AkmZmdaU‘| brZ hmoVm h¡ Š`m

nwZéËn{ÎmH$s gå^mdZmHo$ gmW? `m ‘wŠV hmo OmVm h¡? `m CgH$m {ZaÝd` Zmehmo OmVm h¡? àW‘ pñW{V‘| A{dÚmHo$ ñdê$nV… AZm{X-A{dZmer hmoZoHo$H$maU "~rOm§Hw$a'Ý`m` Zht {Z^m nm oJm. {ÛVr` pñW{V‘| ~mYkmZgo nhboAkmZmdaU {Zd¥Îm hmo Om oJm Am¡a ~mX‘| gJwU~«ô‘ ‘wŠV hmoJm. AV… dh nwZ…AkmZOZZ H$a Zht nm oJm AÝ` ‘wŠVmË‘mAm|H$s Vah. V¥Vr` pñW{V‘| ñd §Ho${ZaÝd` ZmeH$m ‘Vb~ hmoJm AnZo CnmXmZ yV Am¡a CnmXo yV g^r VahHo$AkmZmdaUm|H$m Zme. AV… "~rOm§Hw$a'Ý`m`H$m Ë`mJ H$aZm n‹S>oJm.

{ÛVr` gå^mdZmH$mo ñdrH$maZona `h {dMmaUr` hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ ~«ô‘ñdê$nmZm{XV`m ñdê$nm{Y{dZm{eV`m O¡go na‘mW© h¡ d¡go hr H$ënmZwH$ënñdê$nmZm{XV`m ñdrH¥$V AkmZmdaU H$^r g‘mßV hr Z hmoVm hmo Vmo dh ^rñdê$nV… A{dZmer {gÕ hþAm. V~ Vmo Cgo ^r na‘mW© hr hmoZm Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$H$moB© ^r ~«ô‘kmZ Eogm Zht Omo Bg H$ënmZwH$ën MbVo AkmZmdaUH$mo IV‘H$a nm |. ì`pŠVe… {H$gr OrdmË‘mHo$ ‘wŠV hmoZona AkmZmdaUH$s Am§{eH${Zd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡. AV… O¡go Am¡nm{YH$ê$n‘| Ord H$V¥©V`m ^moŠV¥V`m A§eV…{Zd¥Îm hmoZona ^r gdm©Ë‘Zm {dewÕ M¡VÝ`V`m {Zd¥Îm Zht hmoVm. Am¡a ""Ordmo~«ô‘¡d Zmna…'' O¡go H$hm OmVm h¡ Cgr Vah A{dÚmHo$ {Zd¥Îm hmoZona ^r""AkmZ‘{n ~«ô‘¡d Zmna§ {H$pÄMX² CÀ`Vo'' H$hZm Mm{h o.

Ho$dbmÛ¡V {gÕmÝVHo$ à{H«$`mH$mam|Zo ì`pŠVe… OrdmË‘mH$s ‘wpŠVHo$ ñdê$nH$sCËàojm‘mÌgo hr ^md{d^moa hmoH$a kmZ{ZdË`© AkmZH$mo gXgX²{dbjUA{Zd©MZr` {‘Ï`m ‘mZ {b`m. ~rOm§Hw$adV² AZm{X AZÝVV`m MbVo {dewÕm{MV²na M‹T>o AkmZmdaUH$s emídVVmHo$ boe‘mÌ {dMma {H$ o {~Zm hr Z Ho$dbBVZm A{nVw Ì¡H$m{bH${ZfoYà{V`moJr r ‘mZ {b`m. O~{H$ CZH$s H$ënmZwH$ën{ZaÝVa{dÚ‘mZVm K§Q>mKmofnyd©H$ CgH$s emídVVmH$s H$hmZr H$h ahr Wr


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{ZîH$f©V`m ""BX§ V‘mo yV‘² AmgrV²'' dMZ hr Bg OJV²H$s CËn{Îmgo nyd©V‘mo yVVm {XIbm ahm h¡. A~ dhr V‘ CgH$m CnmXmZH$maU ^r hmo Vmo ""gXodgm¡å` BX‘² AJ«o AmgrV²''H$s Vah ""V‘Ed BX‘J«mgrV²'' dMZ hmoZm Mm{h o`m, {Oggo {H$ ""gXod BX‘J«grV²''H$s Vah dV©‘mZH$mb VWm yVH$mb XmoZm|‘|BgH$s V‘moê$nVm {Xì` hmo OmVr. {H$ÝVw ""AmgrV² BX§ V‘mo^yV§, VV… BX§ì`ÄO`Z² ñd § y ^JdmZ² àmXwamgrV²'' `m| XmoZm| dMZm|H$s EH$dmŠ`Vm H$aZona`h {~bHw$b gm’$ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ ""`h OJV² AnZr CËn{Îmgo nhbo hr V‘mo yVWm A~ ì`ŠV hmo OmZona V‘mo yV Zht ah J`m.'' Bggo {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$`h V‘g² OJV²Ho$ n[aUmå wnmXmZV`m A{^b{fV Zht h¡ hm§ Vmo Ho$db nydm©dñWmÚmo{VV hmo ahr h¡, `{X Bgo ~«ô‘{^ÝZV`m boVo h¢ Vmo. AÝ`Wm Cg Aì`ŠV~«ô‘‘| Bg OJV²H$m AÝV{Z©{h©V AàH$m{eV hmoZm hr V‘mo^yVVm h¡, H$moB©A{V[aŠV nXmW© `m AdñWm Zht. `h {gÕmÝV gwÑT> hmoVm h¡.

AJbr AmR>dr H$m[aH$m‘| Amoa r ñnîQ> eãXm|‘| ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$ma ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$s^mfm ~mob aho h¢:

gmoA{^Ü`m` earamV² ñdmV² {gg¥jw: {d{dYm àOm…&AW Ed§ ggOm©Xm¡ Vmgw ~rO‘² Admg¥OV²&&

lre§H$amMm ©Zo B©jË`{YH$aU‘| nwéfm{YpîR>V O‹S> àH¥${Vgo OJV²Ho$ CX² yVhmoZoH$m I§S>Z lrì`mgmoŠV hoVwAm|Ûmam hr {H$`m h¡ {H$ O‹S> nXmW© B©jU Zht H$anm oJm, Jm¡UmW©H$ënZm H$aZr Zht Mm{h o Š`m|{H$ BjUH$Vm© na‘mË‘mHo$ H$maU‘mojbm^ hmoVm {XIbm`m J`m h¡ BË`m{X. dh `{X gm§»` {gÕm§V O‹S>àH¥${VHo$~mao‘| àm‘m{UH$V`m {damoYr VH©$ hmo Vmo ‘m`mdmXm{^‘V O‹S> ‘m`mHo$ {gÕm§Vna^r CZ VH$m]H$s ‘ma CVZr hr H$R>moa hmoJr. Omo Hw$N> Bggo ~MZoH$m Cnm`‘m`mdmX‘| {ZH$boJm dh àH¥${VdmXHo$ ^r nj‘| Om oJm. `hm§ ^r A{^Ü`mZnyd©H$AnZo gd© yV‘` (gmVdt H$m[aH$moŠV) earago na‘oída g¥pîQ> àH$Q> H$a ahm h¡Cgo V‘ `m A{dÚm H$s Cnm{Y `m AmdaUH$s AlwVmW©H$ënZmÛmam Jm¡Ur Zht~Zm`m Om gH$Vm h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX ½`mahdr H$m[aH$m‘| Aì`ŠV {ZË` H$maUH$mo hr "gXgXmË‘H$'H$hm J`m h¡, {H$gr gXgXmË‘H${dbjU nXmW©H$mo Zht. AÝ`Ì ^r Cn{ZfXm|‘|gV² VWm Ë`V²Ho$ AWm]‘| AWm©V² àË`j Ed§ namojHo$ AWm]‘| ~«ô‘H$mo gXgXmË‘H$H$hm J`m h¡- ""gV² M Ë`V² M A^dV²'' (V¡{V.Cn.2&6). {ZË`nXHo$ gmWgXgXmË‘H$ nXH$m g‘{^ì`mhma Cgo H$maUmË‘Zm namoj VWm H$m`m©Ë‘Zm àË`j{gÕ H$aVm h¡. ~«ô‘H$mo `hm§ Aì`ŠVH$maUê$n {ZË` gXgXmË‘H$ VÎdm|go{dg¥îQ> ‘mZZm AkmZmdaUê$n AÝVJ©Sw> V‘modmXH$s ‘Zwñ‘¥{V‘| ñnîQ> AñdrH¥${VH$mÚmoVH$ h¡.

AÛ¡VdmXHo$ g‘W©ZmW© Omo lw{V amKdmZÝX CÕ¥V H$aVo h¢ CZH$s g§dm{XVmH$m{dMma H$aZona gd©àW‘ ""gX¡d, gm¡å` BX‘² AJ«o AmgrX² EH$‘od A{ÛVr`‘²''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&1) dMZ‘| pñW{VH$mbHo$ dU©Z‘| lm¡V nyd©nj VWm CÎmanjXmoZm|‘| OJV²H$mo gV² ‘mZm J`m h¡, {‘Ï`m Zht. Š`m|{H$ {‘Ï`m ‘mZm J`m hmoVmVmo ""H$W‘² AgV… gX² Om oV?''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&2) Amjon H¡$go CnnÝZhmoVm? hm§, nyd©njV`m lw{V‘| dV©‘mZ gÐÿn OJV²H$s CËn{Îmgo nyd© AgV² hmoZoH$se§H$m CR>mB© JB© h¡. Am¡a {gÕmÝVVnjV`m H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ BX§H$mamñnX Ñí`‘mZOJV² CËn{Îmgo nyd© r gV² hr Wm, EH$‘od A{ÛVr`. Bggo ñdoVa {‘Ï`m m gËÀÝ` {H$gr r gh`moJr H$maUgm‘J«rH$m AmdaUê$nm A{dÚm m gyú‘{MX{MÐÿnmàH¥${VH$m ^r dmaU {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡.

dV©‘mZ‘| O¡go OJV²H$s ì`mdhm[aH$s `m àm{V^m{gH$s gÎmm ñdrH$mar OmVrh¡ d¡gr hr g¥pîQ>àmH²$H$mb‘| ^r AZm{X {gÕ hmoZogo {gÕ hmoJr. Am¡a CgrgÎmmH$m ""gXod gm¡å` BX‘² AJ«o AmgrX²''dMZgo nam‘e©H$s H$ënZm H$aZonaA{J«‘ ""~«ô‘ dm BX‘J« AmgrX²'' (~¥h.Cn.1&4&10) dMZÛmam Cg gV²H$snma‘m{W©H$s ~«ô‘ê$nVm r {gÕ hmoVr h¡. ""VÕ BX§ V{h© Aì`mH¥$V‘² AmgrV²''(~¥h.Cn.1&4&7) dMZ‘| BX§H$ma{Z{X©îQ> OJV² Zm‘ê$noU Aì`mH¥$V Wm Am¡aCgZo BÀN>m H$s {H$ ‘¢ BgrH$m Zm‘ê$noU ì`mH$aU H$ê$§. `h B©jU `{Xgm§»`m{^‘V O‹S> àH¥${VH$s H$maUVmH$mo {ZañV H$aVm h¡, ñd § lre§H$amMm`m©{^àoV"B©jVoZm©eãX‘²', "Jm¡UíMoÝZmË‘eãXmV²' Am¡a "VpÝZîR>ñ` ‘mojmonXoemV²' gyÌm|Ûmam


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Vmo dhr wpŠV O‹S> gXgX²{dbjU A{dÚmna r bmJy hmoJr. AVEd ""Z AgX²AmgrX² Zmo gX² AmgrX² ... Z¡doX§ {H$ÄMZ AJ« AmgrX² ‘¥Ë wZ¡d BX‘² Amd¥V‘²AmgrX²''(G$Šg§{hVm.10&129&2) dMZm|H$mo àmMrZ {MÝVZ n[anmQ>rHo$ AZwgmaBVa lw{VdMZm|go g§JVV`m ñdrH$maZm hmo Vmo `h ^r ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm {H$~«ô‘Ho$ gwfwßVmdñWmê$n Y‘©H$mo hr "V‘' H$hm J`m h¡. AÝ`Wm BÝht dMZm| Ûmamnyd©‘| gV² Zht Wm Eogo {Zê$nU‘| ~«ô‘H$m ^r {ZagZ ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. ""Z¡doX§{H$ÄMZ AJ« AmgrX²''‘| eyÝ`dmX ^r ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm. ñnîQ> h¡ Eogr ì`m»`mHo$dbmÛ¡VdmXm{^‘V Zht h¡.

Ho$dbmÛ¡VH$s àmU yV YmaUm ""AgV² MoV² Z àVr oV² gV² MoV² Z ~mÜ oV.àVr`Vo ~mÜ`Vo M Vñ‘mV² gXgX²{dbjU§ {‘Ï`m'' h¡. AV… ~«ô‘kmZÛmamOJXwnmXmZËdoZ A{^‘V AkmZH$m ~mY hmoVm h¡ AV… Cgo {‘Ï`m ‘mZm OmVm h¡.{‘Ï`mËdH$m {ZîH¥$îQ> bjU ""ñdà{VnÝZmonmYm¡ Ì¡H$m{bH${ZfoYà{V`mo{JËd‘²''‘mÝ` {H$`m J`m h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| EH$ ‘w‘wjwHo$ ~«ô‘kmZgo gånÝZ hmoZona lw{VVWm ‘Zwñ‘¥{V H$mo ‘mÝ` H$ënm|Ho$ MH«$dV² MbZoHo$ {gÕmÝVmZwgma H$^r AkmZH$m{Z…eof {ZagZ Vmo gå^d hr Zht. Eogr pñW{V‘| AkmZH$s AZm{XgmÝVVm {gÕZht hmoVr. A§eV… Vmo ì`pîQ> MoVZm ^r ‘wŠV hmoZona ZîQ> hmo OmVr h¡ naÝVw Zme`m ~mY Cnm{YHo$ A§e‘| hr ñdrH$mam OmVm h¡ Cn{hVm§e Zht. Bgr Vah~«ô‘kmZgo ^r AkmZì`pîQ>H$m hr Zme `m ~mY hmoVm h¡, AkmZg‘pîQ>H$m Zht.AÝ`Wm H$ënm|H$m MH«$ AZwnnÝZ hmo Om oJm. AV… {dewÕ{MV² ~«ô‘H$s VahAkmZmdaU VWm {djonHo$ ^r AZm{X-AZÝV ‘mZZona dh ^r nma‘m{W©H$ {gÕhmoVm h¡. Am¡a ~«ô‘ `{X EH$‘odm{ÛVr`V`m ‘mÝ` hmo Vmo `h ñdrH$maZm hr n‹S>oJm{H$ V‘-‘¥Ë w-AmdaU-{djon Am{X g^r Hw$N> ~«ô‘mË‘H$ hr hmoVo h¢, A~«ô‘mË‘H$Anma‘m{W©H$ A{ZË` `m gXgX²{dbjU Zht.

(VmXmËå`dmX àb`ê$n{d‘e©Ûmam) g¥pîQ>H$s CËn{ÎmHo$ ñdê$n{d‘e©go VmXmËå`dmXH$s nwpîQ>Ho$ ~mX OJV²Ho$

àb`Ho$ ñdê$n{d‘e©go ^r VmXmËå`dmXH$s nwpîQ> ñnîQ> hmoVr h¡.

{ddVm}nmXmZ‘| H$^r Amamon A{YîR>mZ‘| brZ Zht hmoVm {H$ÝVw Cgna

~m{YV hmo OmVm h¡. {X g¥pîQ> ~«ô‘go CËnÝZ hmoH$a ~«ô‘‘| pñWV hmoVr h¡ VmdVmH$Vm© Am¡a AmYma hmoZm ~«ô‘H$m {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡. b` {H$ÝVw H$m ©H$m CnmXmZ‘|hr gå^d h¡. Am¡a h‘ ñnîQ>V`m XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$ma Bgr AÜ`m`H$s51dr H$m[aH$mgo àmaå^ H$a 80dr H$m[aH$m VH$ g¥pîQ>àb`Ho$ dU©Z‘| BgOJV²H$m ñd § na‘mË‘m‘| brZ hmo OmZm àb` h¡ Eogm {XIbmVo h¢. CËn{Îm-àb`Ho$ AZÝV MH«$H$s ñd § na‘mË‘mHo$ OmJaU-e`ZHo$ Ûmam ì`m»`m H$aVoh¢. VWm lrJm¡S>nmXmMm`m©{^‘V ñd^mddmXHo$ {dnarV brbmdmX ñdrH$maVo h¢.`h g^r ewÕmÛ¡VH$s à{H«$`mH$m nmofU h¡.

(J«ÝWmong§hma{d‘e©) h‘Zo {XIbm`m Wm {Zd¥ÎmH$‘© Z¡:l¡ {gH$ H$‘© h¡. dh gdm©Ë‘^mdnyd©H$

{ZîH$m‘V`m ñddUm©l‘Y‘©Ho$ nmbZgo hr gånÝZ hmo gH$Vm h¡.

em§H$adoXmÝVH$s Vah ‘Zwñ‘¥{VHo$ CnXoe‘| g§gmaH$s jU^§JwaVm AWdmdUm©l‘Y‘m]H$s Xohm{^‘mZ‘ybH$Vm AWdm Xohm{^‘mZH$s Am{dÚH$Vm Ho$ à{V{H$gr àH$maH$s ^`J«pÝWHo$ Xe©Z Zht hmoVo. AVEd ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$ma {ZûH$V`mH$hVo h¢:

doXemñÌmW©VÎdkmo `Ì VÌml‘o dgZ²&Bh¡d bmoHo$ {VîR>Z² g ~«ô‘ y m` H$ënVo&&Akoä`mo J«pÝWZ… loîR>m… J«pÝWä`mo Ym[aUmo Zam:&Ym[aä`mo km{ZZ… loîR>m km{Zä`mo ì`dgm{`Z…&&

ñddUm©l‘Ho$ AZwîR>mZ‘| {ZîH$m‘V`m VËna ~«ô‘kmZrHo$ {b o H$‘©Ë`mJ ZH$aZoHo$ AnamYH$m XÊS> nwZ ©d hmoVm h¡ Eogm ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$ma Zht ‘mZVo. kmZHo${df`H$m ñdê$n gd© yV‘| AmË‘mH$s ^mdZm VWm AmË‘m‘| gd© yVm|H$s ^mdZmH$aZm ‘Zwñ‘¥{VH$maHo$ AZwgma AmË‘`mJ h¡. AmË‘m=gd© yV VWm gd© yV=AmË‘m`h ""gdª Ibw BX§ ~«ô‘'' lw{V‘| d{U©V VmXmËå`dmX hr h¡. Bg lw{VdMZ‘|{Zê${nV gd© yV=AmË‘m VWm AmË‘m=gd© yVH$s ì`m»`mHo$ ê$n‘| ÛmXemÜ`m`‘|


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‘Zw yVmË‘m (Xoh) ‘hmZmË‘m (~w{Õ) AÝVamË‘m (Ord) VWm na‘mË‘mH$m oXH$m[aH$m 12dr go 15dr VH$ {XIbmVo h¢. VWm ""Vm¡ C^m¡ yVg§n¥ŠVm¡ ‘hmZ²joÌkEd M CÀMmdMofw yVofw pñWV§ V§ ì`mß` {VîR>V… Ag§»`m ‘yV© : Vñ`{ZînVpÝV earaV… CÀMmdMm{Z ^yVm{Z gVV§ MoîQ>`pÝV `m…'' Ûmam~«ô‘ñdê$nn[aUm‘dmX Ordm§eËddmX OrdmZoH$ËddmX A§em§{eVmXmËå`dmX - og^r dmX ~«ô‘dmXnmofH$ hr YmaUm`| h¢. `h ""EoVXmËå`{‘X§ gdª''‘|~mYmW©gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ` VWm ""VÎd‘{g''A§e‘| AIÊS>mW©dmXH$s Û¡Yr^mdârHo$dbmÛ¡VdmXr gåàXm`H$s ì`m»`mar{VHo$ à{VHy$b hr h¡. Š`m|{H$ Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXHo$AZwgma Vmo ""Zoh ZmZmpñV {H$ÄMZ''lw{Vna ^ma XoVo hþdo gd©~«ô‘VmXmËå`H$mo~mYmW©gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ` ‘mZm OmVm h¡. AVEd EH$ hr lw{VdMZ ""EoVXmËå`‘²BX§ gdª g AmË‘m VV² Ëd‘² A{g''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&8&7)‘| BX§H$ma{Z{X©îQ> OJV²H$s~ «ô‘mË‘H$Vm ~mYmW©gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`Ý`m`go ñdrH$mar JB © h ¡ VWm""VÎd‘{g''A§e‘| AIÊS>mW©~moY ‘mZm J`m h¡. V~ gd©^yV=AmË‘m Ed§AmË‘m=gd© yV Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX‘| gå^d Zht ah OmVm. dhm§ AmË‘m‘| gd© yVm|H$m~mYH$m kmZ A{^îQ> ‘mZm J`m h¡.

O~{H$ ewÕmÛ¡VdmX ""`Wm, gm¡å` EHo$Z ‘¥pËnÊSo>Z gdª ‘¥Ê‘ § {dkmV§ñ`mX². dmMmaåÛ§ "{dH$mam o', "Zm‘Yo`§', "‘¥{ÎmH$m' BËòdgË`‘²''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&1&4) dMZ‘| qS>{S>‘KmofHo$ gmW Cn{XîQ> OJV²H$sA‘m{`H$~«ô‘VmH$m {gÕmÝV h¡.

lw{V `h Zht H$hZm MmhVr {H$ ""{dH$ma {‘Ï`m h¡ dmMmaåÛ h¡ Am¡a‘¥{ÎmH$m hr Ho$db gË` h¡'' Š`m|{H$ V~ Vmo "‘¥{ÎmH¡$d gË`m' nmR> hmoZm Mm{h oWm VWm "B{V' nX ì`W© {dÝ`ñV hr {gÕ hmoVm h¡. O~{H$ dh "Hy$OÝV§am‘am‘o{V'‘| à wŠV "B{V'nX eãXñdê$nÚmoVZna h¡. AmYw{ZH$H$mbH$m " 'CÕaU{Mh²Z B©ÝdQ>}S> H$m°‘mHo$ AW©‘| B{VnX à`wŠV hþdm h¡. "‘¥{ÎmH$m'H$moCÕaU{Mh²ZHo$ ~rM aIH$a "B{V'nXH$m ‘ybm{^àoV AW© nm`m Om gH$Vm h¡.EH$ ‘¥pËnÊS>Ho$ kmZgo g^r ‘¥Ê‘` (`hm§ "‘`'àË`` {dH$mamW© bJm h¡ AV…)‘¥X²{dH$mam|H$m kmZ hmo OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ {‘Å>rgo ~Zo K‹S>oH$mo "‘¥{ÎmH$m' Z H$hH$a"‘¥X²{dH$ma' H$hZm dmMmaåÛ h¡, dmUr{dbmg h¡. Š`m|{H$ K‹S>oH$m gÀMm Zm‘

Vmo "‘¥{ÎmH$m' hr h¡. ñnîQ>V`m `hm§ "Zm‘Yo ' nX VWm "gË`‘²' nX EH$XygaoHo${deofU-{deoî`^mdde à wŠV hþdo h¢. àíZ K‹S>m gË` h¡ `m {‘Å>r gË` h¡ `hZht h¡. àíZ h¡ K‹S>oH$m gË` Zm‘ ‘¥Ê‘`-‘¥X²{dH$ma h¡ `m ‘¥{ÎmH$m h¡. lw{V H$hVrh¡ ‘¥{ÎmH$m hr Zm‘ ‘¥Ê‘` K‹S>oH$m gÀMm Zm‘ h¡ Š`m|{H$ VmXmËå` h¡. Š`m|{H$ VmoaOVH$m gÀMm Zm‘ ewpŠVH$m gå^d Zht.

{Xì`ÑpîQ>go {damQ>nwéfHo$ Xe©Z nmH$a AOw©ZH$mo na‘mË‘mê$n A{YîR>mZ‘|OJV² "ZmgrX² ApñV ^{dî`{V'H$s Vah Zht bJm {H$ÝVw VXmË‘H$ hr bJm.AV… JrVmH$s {Xì`ÑpîQ>Ho$ bm^ hmoZona gd©^yVm|‘| AmË‘^md `m AmË‘m‘|gd© yV^md OJ nmVm h¡. B{V e‘.


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5

lrdëb^mMm ©go nyd©H$m{bH$ ewÕmÛ¡VdmXr

(CnH«$‘) lre§H$amMm © VWm lr^mñH$amMm © g‘H$m{bH$ h¢ `m nydm}ÎmaH$m{bH$ Bg

{df`‘| ‘V oX gå^d h¡ naÝVw XmoZm|Ho$ J«ÝWm|‘| nañna EH$XygaoHo$ ‘Vm|H$m CëboIEd§ g‘mbmoMZ gwñnîQ> eãXm|‘| CnbãY hmoVm hr h¡. ghO gå^d h¡ {H$lre§H$amMm © Á oîR> g‘H$m{bH$ hmo Am¡a lr^mñH$amMm © H${ZîR> g‘H$m{bH$.

(Am¡nm{YH$Û¡VmÛ¡VdmX) ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©a{MV ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² mî`(1&1&1)JV n§M{dY

doXmpÝV`m|‘| ApÝV‘ ‘V `{X lr^mñH$amMm ©H$m Z hmo Vmo ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm {H$^mñH$ar`‘VHo$ g‘W©H$ doXmÝVr lre§H$amMm ©go ^r nhbo Adí` {dÚ‘mZ Wo.

^mñH$amMm ©Ho$ AZwgma A oX ñdm^m{dH$ h¡ Am¡a oX Am¡nm{YH$ hmoVm h¡.Bg Am ¡nm {YH$^ oXH o $ de hr OrdmË‘m‘ | gm §gm [aH$Vm AmVr h ¡(Ðï>.~«.gy.^m.^m.2&3&43).

~«ô‘‘| AZoH$ àH$maH$s epŠV`m§ h¢ : EH$ ^mo½èpŠV Xygar ^moŠV¥epŠVAm¡a Vrgar A^mo½èpŠV. BZ epŠVAm|Ho$ H$maU ~«ô‘ AmH$mem{X AMoVZ VWmgMoVZ OrdmË‘mHo$ ê$nm|‘| n[aUV hmoVm h¡. O¡go gy ©‘|go apí‘ ~mha {ZH$bVr h¡Am¡a Cng§öV hmo OmVr h¢. Bgr Vah ~«ô‘‘|go ^moŠV¥-^mo½` epŠV`m|H$m ~mô`àjonU hmoZm g¥pîQ> h¡ Am¡a CZH$m Cng§haU àb` h¡ (Ðï>.~«.gy.^m.^m.2&1&27).~«ô‘ {ZOñd^mdde hr OJXmË‘Zm n[aUV hmoVm h¡. O¡go XyY Xhr ~Z OmVm h¡`m O¡go Ob ~a’$ ~Z OmVm h¡. XyYH$mo Xhr ~ZZoHo$ {b o AmVÄMZ-Om‘ZH$sAnojm ahVr h¡ na ObH$mo ~a’$ ~ZZoH$mo Zht (Ðï>.~«.gy.^m.^m.2&1&24). O¡go

‘H$‹S>r AnZo ñdê$ngo àÀ wV hþdo {~Zm AnZo‘|go Ombm {ZH$mbVr h¡, ~wZ boVrh¡, Bgr Vah ~«ô‘ ^r AàÀ`wV-ñdê$n‘| OJXmË‘Zm n[aUV hmo OmVm h¡(Ðï>.~«.gy.^m.^m.2&1&14). {ZîH$f©V… mñH$a‘V‘| H$m ©ê$noU Û¡V VWm H$maUmË‘ZmAÛ¡V ñdrH$mam J`m h¡.

H$m ©ê$noU ZmZmËd‘² A oX… H$maUmË‘Zm&ho‘mË‘Zm `Wm A oX… Hw$ÊS>bmÚmË‘Zm {^Xm&&

(dht 1&1&4)

‘hmà wHo$ ‘VHo$ gmW Bg ‘VH$s VwbZm H$aZona Ohm§ VH$ ñdm^m{dH$AÛ¡VH$m àíZ h¡, dh Vmo C^`gå‘V h¡. Û¡VH$mo lr^mñH$amMm © Am¡nm{YH$‘mZVo h¢ O~{H$ ‘hmà w EopÀN>H$. BZ XmoZm| YmaUmAm|Ho$ ~rM ahm gyú‘ AÝVa,^mñH$a‘V‘| ‘mÝ` Cnm{YHo$ ñdê$nHo$ ~mao‘| AÝ`mÝ` {dÛmZm|Ho$ Ûmam {H$ o J oD$hmnmohH$mo bú`‘| bmZona ñnîQ> hmo gH$Vm h¡. {Og Cnm{YHo$ de ~«ô‘Ho$ñdm^m{dH$ AÛ¡V‘| Am¡nm{YH$ Û¡V àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ dh Cnm{Y ñd § ~«ô‘mË‘H$ h¡{H$ Zht? Cnm{YH$mo A~«ô‘mË‘H$ Vmo Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm Š`m|{H$ dh ~«ô‘ Am¡aCnm{Y Ho$ ~rM AmË`pÝVH$ Û¡VH$s ñdrH¥${VHo$ Vwë` hmoJm. V~ ~«ô‘Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$AÛ¡VH$m {gÕmÝV IpÊS>V hmoJm. Bg Cnm{YH$mo ~«ô‘mË‘H$ ‘mZZona ~«ô‘ Am¡aCnm{Y Ho$ ~rM nwZ… ñdm^m{dH$ AÛ¡V Am¡a Am¡nm{YH$ Û¡V H$s H$ënZm H$aZrn‹S>oJr; AWdm AmË`pÝVH$ AÛ¡VH$s. àW‘ H$ënHo$ ~mao‘| `h AdYo h¡ {H$~«ô‘Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$ AÛ¡V‘| Cnm{YHo$ Am¡nm{YH$Û¡VHo$ hoVwHo$ de {X CnmÜ`ÝVaH$sH$ënZm H$s OmVr h¡ V~ Vmo AZdñWm hmo Om oJr. AWdm ~«ô‘ Am¡a Cnm{Y Ho$~rM aho Am¡nm{YH$Û¡V‘| `m Vmo {Zh}VwH$Vm Am oJr `m {’$a AmË‘ml`Xmof CR>I‹S>m hmoJm. AmË`pÝVH$ A oX ‘mZZona OJV²‘| AZw y ‘mZ ~«ô‘{damoYr JwUY‘m](CXmhaUV`m g§gm[aVm Xw…I CËn{Îm-{dZme Am{X) H$m hoVw, ~«ô‘go AË`ÝVA{^ÝZ hmoZoHo$ H$maU Cnm{Y Vmo ‘mZr Zht Om gH$Vr. ’$bV… Eogo JwUY‘©AmH$pñ‘H$ {gÕ hm|J|. oXH$ Cnm{YH$mo ~«ô‘mË‘H$ ‘mZH$a Cgo nwZ… ~«ô‘goAË`ÝV {^ÝZ ^r ‘mZZm n ‹S >Vm hm o Vm o dXVm oì`mKmV hm oVm h ¡(Ðï>.VÎd‘wŠVmH$bm.3&31).

lrdëb^mMm ©go nyd©H$m{bH$ ewÕmÛ¡VdmXr gmH$ma ~«÷dmX


126 127

‘hmà wH$mo A{^‘V ñdm^m{dH$ AÛ¡V VWm EopÀN>H$ Û¡V Ho$ ñdê$nH$mo `{XBZ àíZm| `m Amjonm|H$s H$gm¡Q>rna H$gm Om o Vmo ~hþV gmar H${R>ZmB© m|H$mgm‘Zm ^r Zht H$aZm n‹S>Vm. Š`m|{H$ ñdm^m{dH$V`m EH$ ~«ô‘Ho$ gmW CgH$sñd §H$s ""‘¢ AZoH$ ~Z OmD$§'' Eogr BÀN>mH$m gå~ÝY Z Vmo AË`ÝVÛ¡VK{Q>VhmoVm h¡ Z AË`ÝVAÛ¡VK{Q>V hr Am¡a Z Û¡VmÛ¡Vê$n hr. BZ VrZm| H$ënm|go{dbjU^mdê$n EH$ ñdVÝÌ "VmXmËå`' Zm‘H$ gå~ÝY ‘hmà wH$mo ‘mÝ` h¡""H$m`©H$maU`mo: VmXmËå`mV² H$m`m©Ë‘Zm ôX… H$maUmË‘Zm AôXB{V

oXg{hîUw: A oX… VmXmËå`‘²'' (gw~mo.1&5&20).

oX Am¡a oXm^md ‘| nañna ghpñW{V Z r gå^d hmo naÝVw VmXmËå`gå~ÝYVmo oX Am¡a oXm^md XmoZm|go hr {dbjU hmoVm h¡. Bg VmXmËå`gå~ÝYH$mñdê$n AUw mî`moŠV gy ©-apí‘Ho$ CXmhaUgo ñ’w$Q> hmo OmVm h¡. àH$meê$napí‘Am|H$m Aml` gy © AnZr apí‘Am|go Z Vmo gd©Wm {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Zgd©Wm A{^ÝZ hr. àH$me AnZo Aml`‘| g‘doV ahVm h¡ Am¡a ì wÀM[aV hmoH$a~mha ^r Am gH$Vm h¡.

AUw mî`àH$meH$ma Jmo.lrnwéfmoÎm‘Or H$hVo h¢ {H$ O¡go "A{‘Ì' eãXH$mAW© Z Vmo "{‘Ì' {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Z "{‘ÌH$m A^md' hr {H$ÝVw{‘ÌVm{damoYr EH$ ^mdHo$ AW©‘| "A{‘Ì' eãX à wŠV hmoVm h¡.

em§H$a‘V‘| ^r A{dÚm ^r, O¡go, Z Vmo kmZê$nm hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Z kmZH$mHo$db A^md hr. A{dÚm, CZHo$ ‘V‘|, ^mdê$n AkmZHo$ ê$n‘| ‘mÝ` hþB© h¡.

Bgr Vah "AÛ¡V' nX ^r, ‘hmà^wHo$ ‘V‘|, Z Vmo Û¡VdmMH$ h¡, ZÛ¡VmË`ÝVm^mddmMH$ hr; Am¡a Z dh Û¡V Am¡a CgHo$ AË`ÝVm^mdHo$ g‘wÀM`H$mdmMH$ hr h¡. "AÛ¡V'nXH$m {gÕmÝVm{^‘V AW© ""AmË`pÝVH$ Û¡V{damoYr EH$^mdê$n VmXmËå` Zm‘H$ g§~§Y'' hr h¡ (AUw.àH$m.3&2&28).

Bggo {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ AIÊS> EH$ag gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘‘| {dÚ‘mZ

JwUY‘© ^r gpÀMXmZÝXmË‘H$ hr hmoVo h¢. O¡go àH$me Am¡a àH$meml` gy © XmoZm|hr‘| ñdnaàH$meZH$m gm‘Ï © hmoVm h¡. XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM Z Vmo AmË`pÝVH$ oX hmoVmh¡ Am¡a Z Eogo oXH$m AË`ÝVm^md hr. O¡go BZ XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM oXm oX-{dbjUEH$ mdê$n VmXmËå`gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡, Eogo hr ~«ô‘ Am¡a OJV² Ho$ ~rM r oX-g{hîUw-A oX ahVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ oXmË`ÝVm^mdê$n A oXH$mo oXg{hîUw Zht‘mZm OmVm h¡. nQ> Am¡a KQ> Ho$ nañna {^ÝZ hmoZona ^r KQ> O¡go nQ>g{hîUw hmogH$Vm h¡, naÝVw KQ>mË`ÝVm^md-g{hîUw Zht hmoVm. AÝ`Wm AË`ÝVm^mdr`mà{V`mo{JVmH$m ñdê$n hr IpÊS>V hmo OmòJm. EVmdVm AÝ`moÝ`m^mdr`mà{V`mo{JVm‘| d¡gr namg{hîUwVm Zht ‘mZr OmVr.

Bg VahHo$ VmXmËå`gå~ÝYgo ~«ô‘‘| àH$Q> hþB© BÀN>mHo$ H$maU AZÝVZm‘-ê$nm|H$m ~«ô‘‘| àmXw m©d hmoVm h¡. BZ Zm‘-ê$nm|‘| h‘| VmXmËå`m^mdê$nnmañn[aH$ oXH$s àVr{V ^r gå^d h¡. dmñV{dH$Vm O~{H$ `h h¡ {H$ BZAZÝV Zm‘-ê$nm|‘| àË oH$ Zm‘-ê$n ~«ô‘mË‘H$ h¡. AV… àË oH$ Zm‘-ê$nHo$gmW dh VmXmËå`-g§~§Ygo OwS>m hþdm h¡. Bg gå~ÝYHo$ ñdê$nH$mo gmH$maH$aZodmbo AZoH$ CXmhaU: gwdU©-Hw$ÊS>bm{X, gy ©-apí‘, A{hHw$ÊS>b, g‘wÐOb-Va§J Am{X‘| n[aU‘Zerb CnmXmZH$maU VWm CnmXo H$m © hmoZoH$m VÏ` àH$Q>h¡. gmW hr gmW Bg gÝX ©‘| `h ñnîQ>rH$aU ^r Aàmg§{JH$ Zht hmoJm {H$ `hn[aUm‘-CnmXmZ^mdHo$ ^r AZoH$ àH$ma gå^d h¢.

CXmhaUV`m, {H$gr CnmXmZê$n Y‘ugo Y‘©ê$n n[aUm‘ àH$Q> hmo gH$Vm h¡.O¡go gy © Y‘u h¡ Am¡a àH$me CgH$m Y‘© hmoVm h¡. {H$gr CnmXmZê$n Ðì`‘|n[aUm‘ê$n AmH$ma àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. O¡go gwdU© AmH$mar Ðì` h¡ Am¡a Hw$ÊS>bm{XAm yfU Cg Ðì`‘| àH$Q> hþdo AmH$ma h¢. {H$gr CnmXmZê$n AmYma‘| n[aUm‘ê$n{H«$`m àH$Q> hmo gH$Vr h¡. O¡go g‘wÐOb AmYma h¡ Am¡a Va§J| Cg‘| {H«$`mHo$ê$n‘| àH$Q> hmoVr h¡. {H$gr CnmXmZê$n A§er‘| n[aUm‘ê$n A§e àH$Q> hmo gH$Voh¢. O¡go A§er gy ©go CgH$s A§eê$n apí‘`m§ àH$Q> hmoVr h¡. Bg Vah n[aUm‘-CnmXmZ^mdHo$ AZoH$ àH$ma gå^d h¢. Y‘©-Y‘u^md ê$n-ê$nr^md {H«$`m-{H«$`mdX² md A§em§{e^md BË`m{X. BZ g^r àH$mam|‘| VmXmËå`gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡.Z AmË`pÝVH$ Û¡V Am¡a Z AmË`pÝVH$ AÛ¡V hr.


128 129

nXmW©H$s ^md-A^mdHo$ ê$n‘| ì`m»`m H$aZodmbo {H$gr ^r ‘V‘| dñVwAm|‘|XoeH¥$V H$mbH¥$V VWm ñdê$nH¥$V n[apÀN>ÝZVmH$s ~mV Vmo ñdrH$maZr hr n‹S>Vrh¡. ’$bV… dñVwH$s gXgXmË‘H$Vm Vmo Jbon{VV hr hmoJr. EVmdVm, O¡gm {H$Amamon bJm`m OmVm h¡, AZoH$mÝVVm {gÕ Zht hmo OmVr. Š`m|{H$ gXgXmË‘H$Vm,AWm©V², ""ñ`mX² ApñV M ZmpñV'' dmbr gå^mdZm AZoH$mÝVdmXHo$ AÝVJ©VEH$ V¥Vr` EH$mÝV §{J‘m h¡. Bgr Vah ñdê$nH¥$V n[apÀN>ÝZVm ^r gOmVr`ñdê$n {dOmVr` ñdê$n VWm ñdJV ñdê$nHo$ Ì¡{dÜ`de VrZ àH$maH$s hmogH$Vr h¡. ñdê$nH$s n[apÀN>ÝZVm hr VmXmËå`m^md AWdm ôX h¡. AV…gX²dm{X`m|Ho$ ‘V‘| O¡go Xoe-H$mbH¥$V n[apÀN>ÝZVmAm|H$mo Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdH$sYmaUmÛmam Xoe-H$mbg§~§Yr àVr{V VWm ì`dhma‘| Cnnm{XV {H$`m OmVm h¡.Cgr Vah ñdê$nH¥$V n[apÀN>ÝZVmAm|H$mo ^r Cnnm{XV {H$`m OmVm h¡. ’$bV…àË oH$ dñVwH$m àË`Ý` dñVwHo$ gmW VmXmËå` h¡. `h ghmZdñWm`r oX Am¡aoXmË`ÝVm^mdgo K{Q>V Zht hmoVm {H$ÝVw oX Am¡a oX{damoYr A oXgo K{Q>V

hmoVm h¡. `hm§ "A oX' nX‘| "ZÄm²' "Agwa'nXHo$ KQ>H$ {damoYmW©H$ "ZÄm²'Ho$ O¡gmh¡. gwa XodVm Am¡a CZHo$ {damoYr Agwa X¡Ë` O¡go H¡$bme‘| `m g‘wÐ‘§WZHo$ g‘`ghmdñWmZ H$a gH$Vo h¢, Cgr Vah oX Am¡a A oX XmoZm| hr VmXmËå`gå~ÝYdeghmdñWm`r ~Z gH$Vo h¢. h H$ën Û¡V Am¡a CgHo$ AË`ÝVm^mdHo$ ghmdñWmZê$nhmoZoH$s ~mV Zht H$aVm, {H$ÝVw Y‘©-Y‘u A§em§{e ê$n-ê$ndmZ Am¡a {H«$`m-{H«$`mdmZ Am{X Xmo gå~ÝYHo$ ~rM AZw yV hmoVo oX, Omo AmË`pÝVH$ Zht hmoVm,Am¡a A oX, Omo nwZ… AmË`pÝVH$ Zht hmoVm, Ho$ EH$Ì ghmdñWmZH$s ~mV H$aVmh¡. AV… AZoH$mÝVdmXHo$ AÝVJ©V XoIZm hmo Vmo-

1.ñ`mX² Û¡V‘² ApñV.2.ñ`mX² Û¡V‘² ZmpñV.3.ñ`mX² Û¡V‘² ApñV M ZmpñV.4.ñ`mX² Û¡V‘² AdŠVì`‘².5.ñ`mX² Û¡V‘² ApñV M AdŠVì`‘².6.ñ`mX² Û¡V‘² ZmpñV M AdŠVì`‘².

7.ñ`mX² Û¡V‘² ApñV M ZmpñV M AdŠVì`‘² M.

`m| gßV §{J‘mAm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V nwZ… `h EH$ MVwW© EH$mÝV §{J‘m hr h¡. V~Bgo AZoH$mÝVdmXH$m AZwgaU H¡$go ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡. "VmXmËå`'H$m AW© `hhr h¡ {H$ Ohm§ Xmo dñVwAm|Ho$ gå~ÝYH$mo Û¡V `m CgHo$ AË`ÝVm^md‘| n[a^m{fVZ {H$`m Om gH$Vm (ñ`mX² Û¡V§ M AdŠVì § M) hmo.

{ZîH$f©ê$noU dh H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ‘hmà wH$mo gå‘V ""ñdm^m{dH$AÛ¡V Am¡a EopÀN>H$ Û¡VH$s YmaUm‘| BÀN>m Am¡a ~«ô‘H$m nañna dhr VmXmËå`gå~ÝYh¡ Omo Bg BÀN>mHo$ H$maU àH$Q> hþdo EH$‘odm{ÛVr` ~«ô‘Ho$ gmW CgHo$ AZoH$Zm‘-ê$nm|H$m gå~ÝY h¡. AV… O¡go do ~«ô‘mË‘H$ h¡, AWm©V² ~«ô‘go {^ÝZ h¡ `mA{^ÝZ Bgo H$hm Zht Om gH$Vm, C^`Wm àVr{V Ed§ ì`dhmaHo$ {gÕ hmoZoHo$H$maU. Cgr Vah BÀN>m ^r ~«ô‘mË‘H$ hmoVr h¡. AV… Z Vmo AZoH$mÝVdmX Am¡aZ AZdñWm `m AmË‘ml` Am{XHo$ Xmofm|H$s Amn{Îm `hm§ ‘mZr Om gH$Vr h¡.^mñH$a‘V‘| ^r ~«ô‘ Am¡a Cnm{Y Ho$ ~rM `hr VmXmËå` A^rîQ> Wm, naÝVw EogrdH$mbV H$moB© lr^mñH$amMm ©H$m AZw m`r H$a Zht nm`m. n[aUm‘ê$noU em§H$am|VWm am‘mZwOm| Ho$ Eogo Amjonm|H$mo ÑpîQ>JV H$aZona g‘mbmoMH$m|H$mo ^mñH$a‘V‘|Hw$N> e¡{Wë`H$s àVr{V hmoZr ñdm^m{dH$ Wr. dmëb^‘V‘| ‘mÝ` `h "VmXmËå`'Zm‘H$ gå~ÝY g^r BVa Xe©Zm|‘| {H$gr Z {H$gr Vah ‘mÝ` h¡ hr. Eogo gd©‘mÝ`gå~ÝYH$mo dmëb^Xe©Z O‹S>-Ordê$n OJV² Am¡a ~«ô‘ Ho$ ~rM‘| àñWm{nVH$aZm MmhVm h¡.

O‹S>OrdmË‘ê$n OJV² A{dH$mar ~«ô‘H$m ñdê$nn[aUm‘ h¡, `h YmaUm, Omo""EH$‘od A{ÛVr § VX² EojV² ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o '' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&2-3)VWm ""VX² AmË‘mZ§ ñd`‘² AHw$éV'' (V¡{V.Cn.2&7) Am{X lw{VdMZm|H$mghO AW© h¡. {’$a ^r doXmÝVH$s g^r {dMmaYmamAm|‘| gd©‘mÝ` Zht ~Z nm`m.Š`m|{H$ n[aUm‘ VWm n[aUmå wnmXmZ Ho$ ~rM Û¡V h¡ `m AÛ¡V Bg g‘ñ`mH$mg‘mYmZ, Omo VmXmËå`gå~ÝYHo$ ~moY hmoZona hr gå^d Wm, dh `hm§ AÝ`m|H$moÑpîQ>JmoMa Z hmo nm`m.


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VmXmËå`gå~ÝY Z¡ m{`H$m| em§H$a Am{X g^r {dMmaH$m|H$mo AÝ`mÝ` g§X^m]‘|‘mÝ` Wm hr. `h h‘ {ddaUà‘o g§J«hH$maH$s Bg dMZ‘| EH$ ñnï> ñdrH¥${VHo$ê$n‘| XoI gH$Vo h¢ ""ZM EH$Ëd‘od VmXmËå`‘² B{V dmÀ §, oXm oXgh‘²AÝ`m oÝ`m^md{dam o{Y VmXmËå`§ ôX{dam o{Y EH$Ëd‘² B{V V`m o:{d{dŠVËdmV²'' ({d.à.g§.dU©.1). naÝVw `hm§ OJV² Am¡a ~«ô‘ Ho$ ~rM CgoOmo‹S> XoZoH$s gyP CÝh| Zht Am`r. n[aUm‘V… CŠV lw{V`m|H$m Jm¡UmW© H$aZoH$moCÝh| {dde hmoZm n‹S>m h‘ XoI MwHo$ h¢ {H$ Omo Iwbmgm VmXmËå`gå~ÝYHo$ H$maU{‘bVm h¡, dh Ho$db Û¡VmÛ¡VH$s ~mV H$aZogo eŠ` Zht, `Ú{n VmXmËå` XmoZm|VahHo$ ñd^md àH$Q> H$aVm h¡ Û¡VH$m r Am¡a AÛ¡VH$m r. {Vgna gX²dmX‘ybH$Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdH$s à{H«$`mH$mo bú`‘| aIH$a ì`m»`m H$aZo à`mg {H$`mOm o Vmo gmar H${R>ZmB© m|H$mo gwbPm`m Om gH$Vm h¡. dñVw‘mÌH$mo ñd^mdV…Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nH¥$V n[aÀN>oXm|go a{hV ‘mZZm gX²dmX h¡. ""ZmgVmo {dÚVo^mdmo Zm^mdmo {dÚVo gV…'' (^J.JrVm 2&16) `h gX²dmXH$m àmU yV gyÌh¡. {’$a ^r àVr{V VWm ì`dhma ‘| Omo dñVwH$s XoeH¥$V H$mbH¥$V `m ñdê$nH¥$Vn[apÀN>ÝZVm àVrV hmoVr h¡, CgH$s Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdHo$ ê$n‘| ì`m»`mH$mVmËn © `hr h¡ {H$ ñd^mdV… dñVwHo$ An[apÀN>ÝZ hmoZona ^r n[aÀN>oXH$s àVr{V`m Vmo h‘mam AkmZ h¡ AWdm dñVwHo$ gd©Wm An[apÀN>ÝZ hmoZona r VÎmX² Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nmo{MV {H«$`m `m à^mdm| H$m àH$Q> Z hmoZm h¡, dñVwHo$ dhm§ {dÚ‘mZhmoZona ^r. AWm©V² Cg dñVw‘| AÝ` dñVwAm|H$m ì`mdhm[aH$ {Vamo md h¡. BgVah Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mddmXgo gX²dmXH$mo ‘pÊS>V H$aZona g^r Amn{ÎmAm|H$mg‘mYmZ àmßV hmo gH$Vm h¡.

O‹S>OrdmË‘H$ OJV²H$m ~«ô‘Ho$ gmW VmXmËå` ""EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gd©‘². gAmË‘m. VV² Ëd‘² A{g'' dMZHo$ nydm©Y© VWm CÎmamY©Ho$ A§em|H$m gmdYmZrnyd©H$AdbmoH$Z H$aZona ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ""EVñ` AmË‘Zmo md… EoVXmËå`‘²''ì wËn{ÎmHo$ AZwgma O¡go "BX§' nXgo {Z{X©îQ> Ñí`‘mZ O‹S> OJV²H$s ~«ô‘mË‘H$VmdmŠ`Ho$ nydm©Y©‘| "EoVXmËå`‘²' nXgo àH$Q> hmoVr h¡, d¡go hr MoVZ OrdmË‘mAm|H$s~«ô‘mË‘H$Vm ^r dmŠ`Ho$ CÎmamY©‘| ""VV² Ëd‘² A{g'' dMZgo àH$Q> hmoVr h¡.

lr^mñH$amMm © VWm ‘hmà w XmoZm| hr A{dH¥$V~«ô‘n[aUm‘dmXr h¢. ‘hmà wHo$

AZwgma, naÝVw, A{dH¥$V ~«ô‘Ho$ OJXmË‘Zm n[aUV hmoZoH$m CXmhaU XyYH$mXht ~Z OmZm Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$ EH$~ma Xht ~Z OmZona XyY XyY Zht ah OmVmAm¡a Z Cgo nwZ… XyY ~Zm`m hr Om gH$Vm h¡. A{dH¥$V n[aUm‘H$s H$gm¡Q>r h¡-H$maUH$s AnZo ñd^mdgo AàÀ w{V Am¡a H$m ©H$s nwZ… nyd© mdmn{Îm`mo½`Vm.gwdU© AnZo ñd^mdgo àÀ wV hþdo {~Zm Hw$ÊS>bmË‘Zm n[aUV hmoVm h¡ VWmHw$ÊS>b-AmH$maH$mo Ë`mJHo$ nwZ… {nÊS>-AmH$ma‘| AdpñWV hmo gH$Vm h¡. `h~mV Xw½Y-X{Yn[aUm‘H$s à{H«$`mna Iar Zht ~¡R>Vr. AV… dh, ‘hmà wHo$AZwgma, {dH¥$Vn[aUm‘ h¡. O~{H$ gwdU©-Hw$ÊS>b A{dH¥$V-n[aUm‘H$m CXmhaUh¡.

~«ô‘gyÌ ""Cng§hmaXe©ZmX² Zo{V MoX² Z, jrad{Õ'' (~«.gy.2&1&24) ‘|Xw½Y-X{Yn[aUm‘H$m CXmhaU H$V¥©{Zanoj ñdV…n[aU{VHo$ gmÑí`H$mo bú`‘|aIH$a {X`m J`m h¡. `h n[aUmå wnmXmZH$maU VWm n[aUVH$m ©Ho$ nmañn[aH$gå~ÝYm|H$mo g‘PmZo Zht {X`m J`m h¡, Eogm `hm§ naHo$ AUw mî`Ho$ AdbmoH$ZgoñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡.

‘hmà^w Ûmam àñVm{dV A{dH¥$V-n[aUm‘H$s Vah lr^mñH$amMm`© ^rAàÀ wV-ñd^mdHo$ n[aU{VH$s ~mV H$aVo h¢. CXmhaU XoVo g‘`, naÝVw, `hgyú‘ AÝVa CZHo$ bú`~hr y©V hmo J`m. ‘hmà wZo Bg {df`‘| n`m©ßV gmdYmZr~aV br h¡. AÝ`Wm A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmX C^`gå‘V Wm. `m| `Ú{n""gX²dmX+Û¡VmÛ¡Vd¡bjÊ`dmX=ewÕmÛ¡VdmX'' Ho$ g‘rH$aU-gyÌna bú`nmVH$aVo h¢ Vmo lr^mñH$amMm © {ZpíMVV`m gX²dmXr Vmo Wo hr. naÝVw O~ do AnZoAmnH$mo Û¡VmÛ¡Vr {XIbmVo h¢ Vmo Û¡V Am¡a CgHo$ AË`ÝVm^mdê$n AÛ¡VH$mg‘wÀM` CÝh| ‘mÝ` Wm `m ‘hmà^wH$s Vah CgH$m {damoYr EH$ ^mdê$nAÛ¡VH$m g‘wÀM` CÝh| ‘mÝ` Wm `h ñnîQ> Zht hmoVm. ghO gå^d h¡lr^mñH$amMm ©H$mo {dd{jV `hr ahm hmoJm. {’$a ^r ñnîQ>, Eogo {H$gr dMZHo$ÑpîQ>JV Z hmoZona hR>mV² CÝh| Û¡VmÛ¡Vd¡bjÊ`dmXr ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm.

H$mí‘rae¡dXe©Z Am¡a ewÕmÛ¡V npíM‘‘| `hþXr {MÝVH$ ’$sbm°Zo O¡go "bmoJmog²'go OJV²H$s CËn{Îm ñdrH$mar


132 133

Wr Hw$N> d¡gr hr à{H«$`m H$mí‘ra‘| dgwJwßV ({d.g§.885Ho$ Amgnmg)Zo Am¡aCZHo$ {eî` H$ëbQ>Zo ^r ñdrH$mar Wr. ’$sbm°H$m "bmoJmog²' Am¡a BZ e¡dm|H$m"{d‘e©' A{Ve` {ZH$Q>dVu YmaUm | h¢. 9dt eVmãXrgo 14dt eVmãXr VH$Bg Xe©ZH$m ^maV‘| n`m©ßV àMma-àgma hþdm. Bgo "àË`{^kmXe©Z' ^r H$hVoh¢. BgHo$ g‘W©H$ AZoH$ {dÛmZ AmMm © hþdo {OZ‘| A{^ZdJwßV Am¡a CZHo${eî` jo‘amO Am{X h‘mao {b o {deofV… CëboIZr` h¢.

‘hmà^wH$mo A^rîQ> A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXH$s ^mfm‘| gwdU©Hw$ÊS>bÝ`m`goOJËH$maU Am¡a H$m ©OJV² Ho$ gå~ÝYH$s ì`m»`m H$mí‘ra e¡d Xe©Z àñVwVZht H$aVm h¡. O‹S>OrdmË‘H$ OJV² Am¡a na‘{ed Ho$ ~rM VmXmËå`H$s YmaUm{H$ÝVw dmëb^Xe©Z Am¡a e¡dXe©ZH$mo {ZH$Q> bo AmVr h¡. OJV² Am¡a {ed Ho$~rM Z Vmo A{VÛ¡V Am¡a Z A{V-AÛ¡V hr gå^d h¡. Š`m|{H$ na‘{edê$nmg§{dX {dídmpË‘H$m ^r ‘mZr JB© h¡ Am¡a {dídmoÎmrUm© ^r. O¡go ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢""na§ ~«ô‘ Vw H¥$îUmo {h gpÀMXmZÝXH§$ ~¥hX² {Ûê$n§ V{Õ gdª ñ`mX² EH§$Vñ‘mX² {dbjU‘²'' ({gÕm.‘wŠVm.2) AWm©V² Y{‘©ê$n na§ ~«ô‘ lrH¥$îU h¡VWm Y‘©ê$n gpÀMXmZÝXH$‘² Aja~«ô‘. Bg Aja~«ô‘Ho$ Xmo ê$n hmoVo h¢ :1.gdm©Ë‘H$ Am¡a 2.gd©{dbjU. Bgr Vah jo‘amO r H$hVo h¢ ""{dídmpË‘H$m§VXwÎmrUmª öX`§ na‘o{eVw… nam{XepŠVê$noU ñ’w$aÝVr g§{dX§ Zw‘…''(namàd o {eH$m). ""{díd‘`m o {dídm oÎmrU©… na‘{edEdCX`{dlmpÝVñWmZËdmX² {ZOñd^md…'' (dht).

CŠV namàdo{eH$m‘| {gÕmÝVm{^‘V 36 VÎdm|H$m dJuH$aU `m| g‘Pm`mJ`m h¡ :

1.‘m`m H$bm {dÚmamJ H$mb {Z`{V nwéf àH¥${V ~w{Õ Ah§H$ma‘Z lmoÌ ËdMm Mjw {Oh²dm K«mU dmH²$ nm{U nmX nm w CnñW eãXñne© ê$n ag JÝY AmH$me dm w dh²{Z g{bb Am¡a y{‘. Hw$b31.

2.ewÕ{dÚm B©ída gXm{ed VWm epŠV. Hw$b 4.

3.na‘{ed {díd‘` VWm {dídmoÎmrU© hmoZogo CpëbpIV g^rVÎdm|H$m CX`-{dlmpÝVñWb h¢. na‘{edê$n VÎd {ZOñd^mdkmZ BÀN>m {H«$`mË‘H$ Ho$db nyUm©ZÝXñd^md hmoVm h¡.

`m| Hw$b 36 VÎd {JZm o J o h¢. BZ 36 VÎdm|‘| àmaå^Ho$ Hw$N> VÎdm|H$sZm‘V… "na‘{ed' "epŠV' "gXm{ed' "B©ída' H$s {ddoMZm OmZ boZr Cn`moJrhmoJr. jo‘amO H$hVo h¢ :

""na‘oída àH$meê$n h¢ Am¡a àH$meH$m ñdê$n {d‘em©Ë‘H$hmoVm h¡. "{d‘e©'H$m AW© hmoVm h¡ {dídHo$ AmH$ma‘|, AWm©V² {dídHo$àH$meZ m {dídHo$ g§haU XmoZm| AdñWmAm|‘| EH$ AH¥${Ì‘ Ah§H$m{dñ’w$aU hmoZm. na‘oídaHo$ {Z{d©‘e© hmoZona Z Vmo dh "B©ída'H$hbm oJm Am¡a Z OJV²H$m ^mg hr gå^d ah Om oJm. Š`m|{H$V~ g~ Hw$N> O‹S> hr hmoJm. Bgr {d‘e©Ho$ Am¡a ^r AZoH$ Zm‘ h¢"{MV²', "M¡VÝ`', "ñdagm o{XV namdmH²$', "ñdmVÝÍ`',"na‘mË‘mH$m ‘w»` Eoíd ©', "H$V¥©Vm', "ñ’w$aÎmm', "gma', "öX`',"ñnÝX' BË`m{X. {Og na‘{ed‘| AH¥${Ì‘ Ah§H$m ñ’w$aU hmoVm h¡dh ñd §àH$meê$n h¡. na‘oída AnZr nma‘oídar epŠVHo$ H$maU{edgo boH$a YaUrVH$Ho$ 36 VÎdm|Ho$ ê$n‘| ñ’w$[aV hmoVm h¡, AWm©V²àH$m{eV hmoVm h¡. g‘J« {dídH$m h ñ’w$aU, Omo na‘oídaH$mo AnZoAH¥${Ì‘-Ah§Ho$ ê$n‘| hmoVm h¡, dhr Vmo na‘oídaHo$ OJËH$Vm© hmoZoH$mVWm OJV²Ho$ H$m © hmoZoH$m ñdê$n h¡. Eogm H$m ©ê$n OJV² AnZoH$Vm© àH$meê$n ‘hoídago A{^ÝZ hmoVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ dh {^ÝZV`mdoÚ hmoVm Vmo CgH$m ^mg hr gå^d Z hmoVm. AàH$me‘mZ hmoZonadh AgV² hr hmoVm''.

(namàdo{eH$m).

{ZîH$f©ê$noU jo‘amO H$hVo h¢ ""EdÄM ....nyUm©h§Vmnam‘e©gmaËdmV²na‘{edEd fS²>qÌeV²VÎdmË‘H$… ànÄM…''.


134 135

níMmV² BZ VÎdm|Ho$ bjU XoVo hþdo jo‘amO H$hVo h¢ {H$ BÀN>m-kmZ-{H«$`mË‘H$ Ho$db nyU© AmZÝXñd^mdê$n na‘{ed àW‘ VÎd h¢. Bgr na‘{edH$moO~ OJV²Ho$ g¥OZH$s BÀN>m hmoVr h¡ V~ Omo àW‘ ñnÝX Cg‘| hmoVm h¡ CgBÀN>mH$mo "epŠV' H$hVo h¢. Cg na‘oídaH$s BÀN>mH$m H$^r à{VKmV Zht hmogH$Vm. AV… Aà{VhVoÀN> hmoZoHo$ H$maU na‘{edH$s Ah§Vm‘| BX‘mË‘Zm O~`h OJV² A§Hw$[aV hmo ahr hmoVr h¡ V~ OJV²H$s "BX§Vm' na‘oídaH$s "Ah§Vm'goAmÀN>m{XV hþB© hr ahVr h¡ ""Ah‘² BX‘²'' ê$n‘|. Bg AdñWmH$mo "gXm{ed'VÎdH$hm OmVm h¡. A§Hw$[aV hmo OmZona OJV²H$s "BX§Vm' T>H$s hþB© Zht ah OmVr...O~ na‘oída AnZr Ah§Vmgo Cgo g‘md¥V H$a boVm h¡. Eogr Cg AdñWmH$mo"B©ída' VÎd H$hm OmVm h¡.

jo‘amOHo$ AZwgma CŠV BX§Vm Am¡a Ah§Vm Ho$ ~rM EoŠ`H$s à{Vn{Îm"ewÕ{dÚm' H$hbmVr h¡. VWm gmao ^mdm|Ho$ {edñdê$n hmoZona ^r CZ‘| oXH$sàVr{V ‘m`m h¡. Bg nma‘oídar epŠVgo {ZOê$nH$m {ZJyhZ H$aHo$ O~ g‘J«BX‘mñnX {dídH$mo AnZr Ah§Vmgo g‘md¥V Zht H$aVm, V~ Eogr g§Hw${MVJ«mhH$VmHo$ H$maU dh "nwéf' Zm‘go A{^{hV hmoVm h¡. na‘oídaH$s Bg nwéfmdñWm‘|‘m`m‘moh ~§YZ m g§gma eŠ` hmo nmVm h¡. Bg nwéfHo$ na‘oídago A{^ÝZ hmoZona^r ‘moh Bgr ê$n‘| na‘oídaH$mo hmoVm h¡, AnZo {ZOê$n‘| Zht. O¡go OmXwJaH$sOmXwgo àojH$ ‘mo{hV hmo OmVm h¡ na ñd § OmXwJa Zht. `h nwéf ^r na‘oídagoAnZo EoŠ`H$s àË`{^km hmoZona ñd § na‘{ed ~Z gH$Vm h¡. AVEd `h nwéf‘ybV… gd©H$Vm© gd©k nyU© {ZË` ì`mnH$ hmoZona ^r ‘m`mepŠVdeg§gmag§Hw${MVJ«mhr ~ZH$a {H$pÄMËH$Vm© {H$pÄMÁk {df`mgŠV {Z`VH$mbdVuA{ZË`àH$meê$n {Z`VXoe‘| {Z`VH$m`©H$mar ~Z OmVm h¡. BZ n§M{dYñdê$nmdaUm|H$mo H«$‘e… ""H$bm {dÚm amJ H$mb VWm {Z`{V VÎd'' H$hm OmVmh¡. ‘hX²-~w{Õgo boH$a n¥Ïdr VH$Ho$ gmao VÎdm|H$s gÎdaOñV‘moê$nm A{d^ŠV‘ybH$maUê$nm gmå`mdñWm àH¥${V VÎd h¡.

Bg Vah h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ g‘yMm {díd, H$mí‘ra e¡d Xe©ZHo$ AZwgmana‘mË‘mH$s MoVZm‘| EH$ àË``H$s Vah CâVm h¡ Am¡a brZ hmoVm h¡. na‘mË‘MoVZmgo~mha CgH$m H$moB© ñdê$n Zht h¡.

ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ Cnar Vm¡ana ‘hmà wH$s ^mfmgo {^ÝZ ar{VH$s ^mfm‘| `hm§ewÕmÛ¡VH$m à{VnmXZ hþdm h¡. ‘hmà wHo$ ‘V‘| EH$ ~«ô‘H$m AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$nm|‘|àmH$Q²>` `m ì wÀMaU AmJ‘|go O¡go {VZHo$ ~mha {ZH$bVo h¢ d¡go ê$n‘| lm¡VCXmhaUÛmam g‘Pm`m J`m h¡. Bggo Hw$N> Eogm Am^mg {‘bVm h¡ {H$ ~«ô‘H$sñd^md MoVZm Am¡a AmZÝX ‘|go OmJ{VH$ O‹S> Ord B©ída AWm©V² gV² {MV² Ed§AmZÝXê$n gOmVr` A§em|H$m n¥Wº$‰ê$n ~{hamJ‘Z AWdm ~{héX²J‘Z hmoVm h¡.O~{H$ MoVZm‘| àË``Ho$ CâZo `m nwZ… brZ hmo OmZoH$s à{H«$`m‘| ~{h^m©d ZhtPbH$Vm.

Bg d¡få`‘| ahñ` `hr h¡ {H$ ‘hmà wHo$ ‘V‘| ~«ô‘ {déÕY‘m©l` h¡ AV…dh gmH$ma ^r h¡ nwéfmoÎm‘Ho$ ê$n‘| Am¡a ì`mnH$-{ZamH$ma-An[apÀN>ÝZ ^rAja~«ô‘Ho$ ê$n‘|. O¡go gy © gmH$ma h¡ Jmob {nÊS>Ho$ ê$n‘| Am¡a {ZamH$ma h¡ gd©Ìàg¥V AnZr à^mHo$ ê$n‘|. BZ‘| nañna Y‘u VWm Y‘© hmoZoH$m gå~ÝY ^rAZw yV hmoVm h¡.

Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nV… ~«ô‘H$mo An[apÀN>ÝZ ‘mZZm ñd § Bg VÏ`H$s Amoag§Ho$V h¡ {H$ Omo ^r Zm‘-ê$n àH$Q> hmoVo h¢ do ~«ô‘go ~mha Zht {H$ÝVw ~«ô‘Ho$^rVa hr. O¡go gmJa‘| ObH$s AÝVYm©am àH$Q> hmoVr h¡, CZHo$ Am¡a gmJaHo$Vmn‘mZm|‘| oX ^r ahVm ~Vm`m OmVm h¡. {’$a ^r XmoZm|Ho$ ~rM‘| A§em§{e^mdgonmW©Š`H$s AZw y{VHo$ gmW hr gmW gmJaHo$ EH$Ëd‘| dh gmJa Am¡a AÝVYm©amH$mnmW©Š` ~mYH$ Zht hmoVm. Eogr pñW{V‘| O‹S> `m OrdH$m Omo ""`Wm A½Zo… jwÐm…{dñ’w$pëb§Jm… ì wÀMapÝV'' (~¥h.Cn.2&1&20) lw{V‘| d{U©V ì wÀMaU h¡ dhgmJago gmJa‘| hr àH$Q> hmoVr AÝVO©bYmamH$s Vah hmoVm h¡. lm¡V CXmhaU‘|Omo AmJ‘|go {VZH$m|Ho$ ~mha {ZH$bZoH$s ~mV H$hr JB© h¡ dh "~mha-{ZH$bZo'Ho$A§e‘| CXmhaU Zht h¡, {H$ÝVw ""A§er‘|go gOmVr` A§em|Ho$ àH$Q> hmoZo''Ho$A§e‘| {X`m J`m CXmhaU h¡. AV… na‘{edH$s MoVZm‘| Câo {d{^ÝZ BX§H$mamñnXàË``m|H$mo Ah§H$mamË‘Zm {d‘e© O¡go na‘{edgo ~{h y©V Zht Cgr Vah EH$~«ô‘‘| AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$nm|H$m CX²J‘ ^r ~«ô‘go gd©Wm ~{h y©V Zht H$hm OmgH$Vm h¡.


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O¡go O‹S>OrdmË‘H$ OJV² `m àH¥${V-nwéf ‘hmà wHo$ ‘V‘| ~«ô‘Ho$ hr Xmo~«ô‘mË‘H$ ê$n h¢. R>rH$ Cgr Vah àH¥${V-nwéf Bg e¡d ‘V‘| r, na‘{edmË‘H$hr h¢, {‘Ï`m Zht.

‘hmà w O¡go H$hVo h¢ :

àn§Mmo ^JdËH$m`©… VÐÿnmo ‘m``m A^dV². VÀN>º²$`mA{dÚ`mVw Añ` Ordg§gma… CÀ`Vo. g§gmañ` b`mo ‘wŠVm¡ Zàn§Mñ` H${h©{MV². H¥$îUñ` AmË‘aVm¡Vw Añ` b`… gd©gwImdh….n§Mndm©Vw A{dÚm {h OrdJm ‘m``m H¥$Vm. AmH$medX² ì`mnH§${h ~«ô‘ ‘m`m§edopîQ>V§ "~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o ' B{V drjm Vñ` {h A yV²gVr. V{XÀN>m‘mÌV… Vñ‘mX² ~«ô‘ yVm§eMoVZm g¥îQ²>`mXm¡ {ZJ©Vm…gd}... {dñ’w$pëb§JmBd A½ZoñVw gX§eoZ O‹S >mA{n.AmZÝXm§eñdê$noU gdm©ÝV`m©{‘ê${nU…. gpÀMXmZÝXê$nofw nyd© mo…AÝ`brZVm... O‹S>mo Ordmo AÝVamË‘m B{V ì`dhma… {ÌYm ‘V….{dÚm{dÚo hao… eŠVr... Vo Ordñ ¡d Z AÝ`ñ` Xw…pIËd§ Mm{nAZreVm. ñdê$nmkmZ‘² EH§$ {h nd© XohopÝÐ`mgdmo A§V…H$aU‘² Efm§{h MVwWm©Ü`mg CÀ`Vo. n§Mndm©Vw A{dÚm B § X²~Õmo m{V g§g¥{V‘².{dÚ`m A{dÚmZmeoVw Ordmo ‘wŠVmo ^{dî`{V. XohopÝÐ`mgd… gd}{ZaÜ`ñVm… dpÝV {h. VWm{n Z àbr`ÝVo OrdÝ‘wŠVJVm… ñ’w$Q>‘²''.

(V.Xr.{Z.1&23-34).

AWm©V² àn§M ^JdmZ²Ûmam {Z{‘©V VWm ^JdÐÿn H$m © h¡. ^JdmZ² AnZrgd© dZgm‘Ï ©ê$nm ‘m`mepŠVgo àn§Mê$n YmaU H$aVo h¢. ^JdmZ²H$s AZoH$epŠVAm|‘| EH$ epŠV A{dÚmHo$ H$maU OrdH$mo g§gmam{^‘mZ OJVm h¡ naÝVw‘mojXem‘| g§gmaH$m hr b` hmoVm h¡, àn§MH$m Zht. àn§MH$m b` Vmo H¥$îUH$sAmË‘a‘UH$s BÀN>m hmoZona hr gå^d h¡. {Og A{dÚmHo$ H$maU g§gmam{^‘mZOrd‘| OJVm h¡, CgHo$ nm§M nd© ‘mZo J o h¢ : ñdê$nmkmZ A§V…H$aUmÜ`mg

àmUmÜ`mg BpÝÐ`mÜ`mg Am¡a XohmÜ`mg. A{dÚmHo$ o nm§Mm| nd© Ordgo Ow‹S> OmVoh¢. AmH$meH$s Vah ì`mnH$ ~«ô‘go A{^ÝZ ì wÀM[aV {MX§e Bg n§Mndm©A{dÚmgo dopîQ>V hmoZona AnZo AmnH$mo g§gmar ‘mZ ~¡R>Vm h¡. AnZo AZoH$ ê$nYmaU H$aZoHo$ g§H$ëngo ~«ô‘‘|go ~«ô‘ yV A§eê$n MoVZmAm|H$m ì wÀMaU hmoVmh¡. O¡go AmJ‘|go {VZHo$ {ZH$bVo h¢ Bgr Vah g^r O‹S> nXmW© ~«ô‘Ho$ gX§e h¢,g^r Ord {MX§e h¢, VWm g^r AmZÝXm§e AÝV`m©‘r ~ZVo h¢. {dÚm Am¡aA{dÚm ^r h[aH$s epŠV`m§ h¢. na BZgo Ord hr à^m{dV hmoVo h¢, ñd § B©ídaZht. AVEd Ord hr AnZo-AmnH$mo Xw…Ir VWm AZre nmVo h¢. {dÚmepŠVgo,{H$ÝVw, O~ A{dÚmepŠV Xya hmoVr h¡ Vmo Ord ‘wŠV hmo OmVm h¡. CgHo$ Xoh-BpÝÐ`-àmU-A§V…H$aUHo$ AÜ`mg Am¡a ñdê$n{dñ‘¥{V {Zd¥Îm hmo OmVo h¢.OrdÝ‘wŠVHo$ XohBpÝÐ`m{X {Zd¥Îm Zht hmoVo {H$ÝVw BZHo$ gmW Ow‹S>r jwÐ Ah§Vm-‘‘Vm CgH$s {Zd¥Îm hmo OmVr h¡. Bgo b` Zht g‘P boZm Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$OrdÝ‘wŠVHo$ gmW o {dÚ‘mZ ahVo hr h¢. {’$a ^r Cgo BZ‘| jwÐ Ah§Vm-‘‘VmZht ^m{gV hmoVr.

`hr ~mV jo‘amO ^r H$hVo h¢ :

""AhÝVoÝXV`mo: EoŠ`à{Vn{Îm… ewÕ{dÚm ñdñdê$nofw ^mdofwoXàWm ‘m`m. XmVw na‘oída… nma‘oíd`m© eŠË`m ñdê$n§ Jyh{`Ëdm

g§Hw${MVJ«mhH$Vm‘² AíZwVo VXm "nwéf'g§k…. A`‘od ‘m`m‘mo{hV…H$‘©~ÝYZ… g§gmar. BÝÐOmb{‘d EoÝÐOm{bH$ñ` ñdoÀN>`mgånm{XV^«mÝV o…. {dÚm{^km{nV¡íd`©ñVw {MÕZm o ‘ wŠV…na‘{edEd. gd©H$V¥©Ëd§ gd©kËd§ nyU©Ëd§ {ZË`Ëd§ ì`mnH$Ëd§ MeŠV`mo Ag§H w ${MVm{n g§H$m oMJ«hUoZH$bm{dÚmamJH$mb{Z`{Vê$nV`m dpÝV... B©Ñe§ öX`~rO§ VÎdVmo`mo doX g‘m{de{V M g na‘mW©Vmo Xr{jV… àmUmZ² Yma`Z²bm ¡{H$H$dX² dV©‘mZm o OrdÝ‘wŠVEd ^d{V. X ohnmVona‘{ed^Å>maH$Ed ^d{V''.

H$mí‘ra e¡d Xe©Zgo dmëb^ ‘VH$s VwbZm H$aZr hmo Vmo g~go ‘µOoXma A§e


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‘hmà wH$s V¥Vr` ñH$ÝY gw~mo{YZr(3&4&2)H$m AYmo{bpIV {Zê$nU h¡ :

""Bg emñÌ‘| kmZH$mo {ÌjUmdñWm`r Zht ‘mZm J`m h¡. JÝY{dÚ‘mZ hmoZona r g‘ZñH$ hmoH$a K«mUopÝÐ`go J«hU H$aZoHo$ à`mg{H$ o OmZona hr J¥hrV hmoVr h¡. d¡go hr ‘ZHo$ ì`mnm[aV hmoZona hrkmZ J¥hrV hmoVm h¡.

^JdmZ²‘| kmZ {ZË` {dÚ‘mZ ahVm h¡ naÝVw AÝ`m|‘| dh OÝ`hmoVm h¡.

bmoH$ VWm emñÌ JdmZ²go AÝ` kmVmAm|Ho$ {b o kmZHo$ nmofH$hmoVo h¢. O¡go earaH$m nmofH$ AÝZ hmoVm h¡. BpÝÐ`m§ kmZH$s OZH$hmoVr h¢ VWm Aä`mggo kmZ Ñ‹T> hmoVm h¡.

kmZHo$ VrZ àH$ma hmoVo h¢ : 1.gmpÎdH$kmZ 2.amOgkmZ3.Vm‘gkmZ.

{Z{fÕ Xoe-H$mb-Ðì`-H$‘©-H$Vm©-‘§ÌHo$ H$maU kmZH$mZme hmoVm h¡. {H$ÝVw {d{hV Xoem{XHo$ H$maU AÝV…H$aUH$s ew{ÕhmoVr h¡. AVEd {d{hV Xoem{X kmZHo$ nmofH$ hmoVo h¢. Ka‘|gmdYmZrgo g§ mbH$a aIZona O¡go KaH$s dñVw gwa{jV ahVr h¡ d¡g¡hr à`ËZnyd©H$ ñWm{nV kmZ AÝV…H$aU‘| gwa{jV ahVm h¡.

eãX Am¡a {df` O{ZVkmZHo$ CÔrnH$ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a AO{ZVkmZHo$ CËnmXZ‘| gm‘J«rê$n ^r.

Bg kmZH$mo "~w{Õ' "MoVZm' Am{X AZoH$ eãXm| Ûmam A{^{hV{H$`m OmVm h¡.

kmZ ^r ^JdmZ²Ho$ AZoH$ ê$nm|‘|go EH$ ê$n h¡. kmZHo$ ^r nwZ…AZoH$ ê$n {XIbm o Om gH$Vo h¢. {’$a ^r ^JdëbrbmH$m dU©ZŠ`m|{H$ ^mJdV‘| XeYm hþdm h¡, AV… `hm§ Xe{dY kmZH$m dU©ZA^rîQ> h¡ : 1.kmZH$m gd©àW‘ àH$ma h¡ : gpÀMXmZÝX na‘mË‘m‘|Y{‘© yV Aml`ê$n kmZ Omo gdm}nmñ` Ed§ gdm©Ë‘ yV hmoVm h¡. `h‘w»` A{dH¥$V kmZ h¡ OrdMoVZm Bgr kmZH$m A§e h¡. 2.kmZH$m{ÛVr`ê$n h¡ : ^JdmZ²‘| Y‘© yV JwUê$noU ahm hþdm kmZ. `h ^r

A{dH¥$V hr h¡ VWm gd©àH$meH$ ^r Ord‘| àH$Q> hmoVm ~«ô‘kmZBgrH$m A§e hmoVm h¡. 3.g¥pîQ>H$mo àH$Q> H$aZoH$s BÀN>mgo CpëbpIV{ÛVr` kmZ doXHo$ earaH$mo YmaU H$aVm h¡. h g¥pîQ>H$mo àH$Q> H$aZoHo${b o Amdí`H$ g^r Vahgo gyú‘ Ed§ g‘pîQ> yV {damQ>-AZÝVkmZ hmoVm h¡. 4.doXê$n gyú‘kmZ O~ ~rO ~ZVm h¡ V~ Cg‘|goA§e yV Ag§»` ì`pîQ>ê$n ñWyb eãX àH$Q> hmoVo h¢. 5. o eãXê$nkmZ à‘o m{lV hmoVo h¢. à‘o AnZo-Amn‘| `Ú{n AZÝV{dY hmoVoh¢, {’$a ^r EH$ à‘o Ho$ ê$n‘|, Ag§»` KQ>-nQ>-Za-new-XodAm{XH$m EH$Ëd AZw yV hmoVm h¡. ê$n Ag§»` h¡ na à‘o Ho$ ê$n‘|do g^r EH$ h¢ VWm A{^Yo ~ZVo h¢. AV… kmZH$m EH$ nm§Mdm ê$nà‘o ËdmdpÀN>ÝZ kmZ ^r hmoVm h¡.

eãX O¡go à‘o m{lV à‘o ËdmdpÀN>ÝZ kmZ hmoVm h¡ d¡g¡ hrà‘mÌm{lV ^r hmoVm h¡. à‘mÌm{lV kmZHo$ nwZ… nm§M oX hmoVo h¢.{Og‘| àW‘ Mma à oX AÝV…H$aUHo$ MVwJ«©pÝW hmoZogo Mma àH$maHo$hmoVo h¢. `Wm :

6.à‘mÌm{lV ‘ZmoOÝ` kmZ g§H$ën{dH$ënmË‘H$ g§e`ê$nhmoVm h¡. 7.à‘mÌm{lV ~w{ÕOÝ` kmZ {dn`m©g {ZíM` VWmñ‘¥{Vê$n hmoVm h¡. 8.à‘mÌm{lV Ah§VmOÝ` kmZ ñdê$nkmZ hmoVmh ¡. 9.à‘mÌm{lV {MÎmOÝ`kmZ {ZÐmê$n {Z{d©f`H$ `mAmË‘¡H${df`H$ hmoVm h¡. 10.à‘mÌm{lV n§MkmZopÝÐÒÝ`àË`jmZw dê$n kmZ {Z{d©H$ënmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡.''

BZ Xe{dY kmZm|‘| àW‘ kmZ, H$mí‘ra e¡d Xe©Z‘| A{^‘V na‘{edñWmZr`h¡. {Ogo jo‘amO "nwéfVÎd' H$hVo h¢ dh BgrHo$ Ag§»` A§e h¢.

{ÛVr` kmZ epŠVñWmZr` h¡. {Ogo jo‘amO ""epŠV ewÕ{dÚm ‘m`m {dÚmVÎd''Ho$ ê$n‘| d{U©V H$aVo h¢ CZH$m `ht AÝV^m©d ‘mZm Om oJm.


140 141

AÝV…H$aU, H$mí‘ra e¡d Xe©Z‘|, VrZ J«pÝWAm|dmbm ‘Zmo-~w{Õ-Ah§H$maê$n‘mZm J`m h¡. O~{H$ dmëb^‘V‘| ‘Zmo-~w{Õ-Ah§H$ma Ed§ {MÎm `m| MVwJ«©pÝW‘mZm J`m h¡.

jo‘amOàXÎm gyMr‘| N>R>m VÎd ‘m`m ‘hmà^wH$mo A{^‘V A{dÚmH$màW‘nd© ñdê$n{dñ‘¥{V h¡. Ad{eîQ> Mma nd© AÝV…H$aU àmU BpÝÐ` Am¡a Xoh‘|Ah§Vm-‘‘Vmê$n AÜ`mg h¢ {OZHo$ H$maU ~«ô‘m§e yV OrdMoVZm `m nwéf gd©kgd©H$Vm© nyU© {ZË` ì`mnH$ hmoZona ^r g§Hw${MV epŠVdmbm ~Z H$a H$bm-{dÚm-amJ-H$mb-{Z`{Vê$n Y‘m]go g‘md¥Îm hmo OmVm h¡, `h H$hZo‘| H$moB©Amn{Îm Zht AmVr, Š`m|{H$ "H$bm'H$m AW© qH${MËH$V¥©Vm, "{dÚm'H$m AW©{H$pÄMÁkVm, "amJ'H$m AW© {df`m{^g§J, "H$mb'H$m AW© nwéfH$mo hmoVo ^mg-AZd^mg‘| ^yV-dV©‘mZ-^{dî`V²H$s H«${‘H$Vm; VWm "{Z`{V'H$m AW©H$V©ì`mH$V©ì`ê$n H$‘©{Z`{V ñdrH$mao J o h¢.

`hm§ {Zê$nUe¡brH$m hr Ho$db oX h¡ {gÕmÝVd¡narË` Hw$N> ^r Zht h¡. nwéfgo àmaå^ H$a y{‘n ©ÝVHo$ Omo gm§»èmñÌr` 25 VÎd {JZm o J o h¢,

do Vmo `WmdV² dmëb^Xe©Z‘| ^r ñdrH$mao hr J o h¢. OrdÝ‘wŠV OrdmË‘mHo$ {ZaÜ`ñV Xohm{X ahVo h¢, `h ^r XmoZm|H$mo g‘mZV`m

ñdrH$m © nÕ{V h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm ewÕmÛ¡VHo$ à‘wI 9 CndmXm|‘|go H$m ©H$maUVmXmËå`dmXH$mo

‘hmà w{da{MV nÌmdbå~ZmoŠV {dMmae¡br‘| hr jo‘amO ^r {Zê${nV H$aVo h¢:

""KQ>eamdmXrZm§ ‘¥X²{dH$mamUm§ nma‘m{W©H§$ ê$n§ ‘¥Xod.....VWm n¥{Wì`m{X^md‘² AmnÝZmZm§ VÎdmZm§ gÎd§ ‘r‘m§ñ`‘mZ§"gX²'BË od ^d{V. Añ`m{n nXñ` {Zê$ß`‘mU§ YmËdW©ì`ÄOH§$àË``m§e§ àH¥${V‘mÌê$n… gH$maEd Ad{eî`Vo''.

Bgr Vah ‘hmà w ^r nÌmdbå~Z‘| H$hVo h¢ :

""ZZw bmoH${ZnwUm… H$W§ ‘Ý`ÝVo? eãXmW©{dMmaoU B{V ~«y‘….H$W‘²? eãXmZm‘² AW} {dMm ©‘mUo ~«ô‘¡d gdª ^d{V. "KQ>'-"nQ>m'{XeãXm… Y‘©dmMH$mEd ^{dVw‘ ² Ah©pÝV,KQ>Ëdm{X{d{eîQ>dmMH$m… {h EVo B{V bmoH$à{g{Õ…. "KQ>Ëd‘²'B{VKQ>JVmo H$píMX² Y‘©… V² gX² mdmX² "KQ>'nXdmÀ`Vm Y{‘©U…. Vñ`^md: ËdVbm¡ B{V Ëdmo ^mdàË``…. "^md' B{V ^yYmVmo: K{Ämê$n‘². yYmVw… gÎmm`m§ ì`mßVm¡ dm. C^`Wm{n ì`mnH$ñ` gVmo dmY‘©ñ` dmMH$mo ^d{V.''

Bg Vah h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ em§H$a {ddV©dmX VWm dmëb^ n[aUm‘dmXXmoZm|go ~MVo hþdo H$mí‘ra e¡d Xe©Z EH$ {dbjU e¡br‘| ewÕmÛ¡VH$mo ñdrH$maVmh¡. dmëb^ ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$s hr ar{Vgo Bg H$mí‘ra ewÕmÛ¡VdmX‘| ^r Û¡VEopÀN>H$ h¡, ‘m{`H$ Zht. AVEd dmëb^‘V‘| O¡go ""AmZÝXm§eàH$mem{Õ~«ô‘^mdmo ^{dî`{V'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&36) H$hm OmVm h¡ d¡go hr `hm§ ^r"gmo@h‘²' `m "{edmo@h‘²'H$s ^mdZmdmbr àË`{^kmgo nwéf‘| na‘{ed^md nwZ…{gÕ hmoVm h¡.

àË`{^kmH$m ñdê$n em§H$a ‘V‘| ^r "gmo@h‘²' VWm "VÎd‘{g' dMZm|goCn{XîQ> hþdm h¡. dhm§, {H$ÝVw, "VV²'nXdmÀ` na‘mË‘m Am¡a "Ëd§'nXdmÀÒrdmË‘mHo$ na‘Ëd Am¡a OrdËdH$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZH$a ewÕ AmË‘¡Š`Ho$ VmËn`m©dJmhZ‘|CnXoe n ©d{gV hmoVm h¡. BgHo$ {dnarV H$mí‘ra e¡d Xe©ZH$s àË`{^km VWmdmëb^Xe©Z‘| ‘mÝ` àË`{^km‘| na‘Ëd Am¡a OrdËd Ho$ EopÀN>H$ ôXH$modmñV{dH$ ‘mZH$a, XmoZm|Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$ EH$ËdH$s àË`{^kmH$s YmaUm àñVwVH$s JB© h¡. ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ :

""`WmH$WpÄMX² ‘mhmËå § Vñ` gd©Ì dÊ ©Vo OZñ ¡d {gÕçWªVÎd‘ñ`m{XH§$ VWm. ‘mhmËå`kmZnyd©ñVw gwÑT>mo gd©Vmo{YH$… ñZohmo^pŠV[a{V àmoŠV: V`m ‘wpŠV: ZM AÝ`Wm. a{V… ñZohmo XodËd§‘mhmËå § VX² AmË‘ËdoZ kmVo ^d{V''.

(V.Xr.{Z.1&41-42).


142 143

Bg Vah H$mí‘rar àË`{^km Xe©Z Ed§ dmëb^ ewÕmÛ¡VXe©Z ‘| EH${dbjU ewÕmÛ¡V h¡ `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡.

""gX²dmX+Û¡VmÛ¡Vd¡bjÊ`dmX=ewÕmÛ¡VdmX'' g‘rH$aUgyÌHo$ gÝX^©‘|àË`{^kmXe©Z nyU©V`m Iam CVaVm h¡. naÝVw Ohm§ VH$ Zm¡ CndmXm|H$m àíZ h¡,BX{‘ËWV`m CZH$m H§$R>moŠV {Zê$nU ImoOZm ì`W© Am`mg hmoJm. Š`m|{H$ Omo^mfm àË`{^kmXe©ZZo AnZm`r h¡ dh dmëb^ ewÕmÛ¡VH$s ^mfmgo gd©Wm {^ÝZh¡. `h gd©Xe©Zg§J«hH$ma Ûmam CÕ¥V AmMm © dgwJwßVHo$ AYmo{bpIV dMZHo$AdbmoH$Zgo ñnîQ> hmo gH$Vm h¡ :

{ZénmXmZgå^ma‘² A{^Îmmdod VÝdVo&OJpÀMÌ§ Z‘: Vñ‘¡ H$bmZmWm` ey{bZo&&

^mdmW© : `h OJÐÿn {MÌ {H$gr CnmXmZê$n ^tVna {M{ÌV Zht hþdm h¡,{H$ÝVw na‘{edH$s {Xì` MoVZm‘| hr Câm {MÌ h¡.

Bggo {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ gËH$maUdmX gËH$m ©dmX A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmXA{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZH$maUVmdmXH$s MMm© hr hm§ AàgŠV hmo OmVr h¡. Ad{eîQ>~«ô‘dmXñWmZr` hm§ na‘{eddmX h¡. ~«ô‘ Am¡a na‘{ed H$mo JrVmH$s ì`m»`m‘|A{^ZdJwßVZo A{^ÝZ ‘mZH$a gmam {Zê$nU {H$`m h¡. ‘hmà wHo$ nwpîQ>‘mJ©Ho$AZwê$n A{^ZdJwßV ^r ^JdËH¥$nm‘ybH$ ‘mojm{YH$ma àm{U‘mÌH$m ñdrH$maVoh¢ ""Ho${MX² AmMjVo {ÛOamOÝ`àe§gmna‘² EVX²dmŠ`§ ZVw ñÍ`m{XfwAndJ©àmpßVVmËn`}U B{V. Vo{h ^JdV… gdm©ZwJ«m{hH$m § epŠV§{‘V{df`V`m IÊS>`ÝV… VWm na‘oídañ` na‘H¥$nmbwËd‘² Agh‘mZm…...... AgËàbm{nZ… hmñàg{df`^md‘² AmË‘{Z Amamon`pÝV''(JrVmì`m.9&35).

g~ Hw$N> {dkmZmÛ¡VdmXH$s ^mfm‘| {Zê${nV hmo ahm hmoZogo H$ht H$moB© {damoYCnpñWV hr Zht hmoVm V~ BZ e¡dm|Ho$ {b o ~«ô‘H$mo {déÕY‘m©l`Ho$ ê$n‘|

{Zê${nV H$aZoH$s H$moB© Amdí`H$Vm Zht ah OmVr. na h‘ Zht g‘PVo {H$ CÝh|{déÕY‘m©l` ‘mZZo‘| H$moB© Amn{Îm hmoJr. Š`m|{H$ ^moŠVm-^mo½` oX-A oXAm{XHo$ Omo nañna {damoY h¢ CÝh|, ò e¡d ^r Vmo VmXmËå`H$s YmaUmÛmamñdrH$maVo hr h¢ …

Z ^mo½ § ì`{V[aŠV§ {h ^moŠVw… ËdÎmmo {d^mì`Vo&EfEd {h ^moJmo `V² VmXmËå § ^moŠV¥ mo½``mo…&&

(bKwà{H«$`m). ^moŠV¡d ^mo½`^mdoZ gXm gd©Ì g§pñWV…&

(ñnÝX.2{Z.4íbmo.).

JrVmHo$ gmVd| AÜ`m`Ho$ Xmo íbmoH$m| (10 Am¡a 11)‘| A{^ZdJwßVZo^JdmZ²Ho$ ~rO hmoZoH$m AW© gyú‘ Am{XH$maU {H$`m h¡. VWm ""~b§ ~bdVm‘²Apñ‘ H$m‘amJ{dd{O©V‘²''H$s ì`m»`m H$aVo hþdo H$hVo h¢ {H$ gH$b dñVwAm|H$moYmaU H$aZoH$s gm‘Ï © ^JdmZ²‘| h¢. Bgr Vah ""Y‘m©{déÕmo yVofw H$m‘moApñ‘'' H$s ì`m»`m H$aVo hþdo H$hVo h¢ {H$ "H$m‘'H$m AW© `hm§ BÀN>m h¡ Omog§{dÐÿnm hmoVr h¡. {OgHo$ gmW gË` KQ>-nQ> Am{X Y‘m]H$m H$moB© {damoY Zht h¡.Š`m|{H$ BÀN>m gd©Ì ^JdÀN>pŠVê$n hmoZogo KQ>-nQ> Am{X Y‘m]go {déÕ ZhthmoVr. A{nVw CZgo AZwê$n hmoVr h¡.

Bgr AÜ`m`Ho$ íbmoH$ (12-14) ‘| brbmW© g¥pîQ>dmXH$m A{^ZdJwßVZoA{VgwÝXa {Zê$nU {H$`m h¡ :

""gÎdmXr{Z ‘Ý‘`m{Z ZVw Ah§ VÝ‘`…. AVEd M ^JdÝ‘`…gdª ^JdX²^mdoZ g§doÚVo, ZVw ZmZm{dYnXmW©{dkmZ{Zð>m o^JdV²VÎd§ à{VnÚVo.... H$W§ Ibw gËdm{X‘mÌpñWVm ^JdV²VÎd§Z {dXw…? BË`mh "Xod:' H«$sS>mH$a…, VÌ ^dm X¡dr H«$sS>m ‘‘ B`‘²B{V AW©…. V oZ gÎdmXrZm § dñVwV… g§{dÝ‘mÌ-na~«ô‘mZ{V[aŠVm`m‘{n `V² VX{V[aŠVmdJ‘Z§ VXod JwUËd§


144 145

^moŠV¥VÎdnmaVÝÍ`§ ^mo½`Ëd‘². VÀM ôXmË‘H§$ ê$n§ g§gm[a{^:A{Zdm©À`V`m VmZ² à{V ‘m`mê$n‘². AVmo na‘mW©~«ô‘àH$me{dX:Vo VXZ{V[aŠV§ {díd§ ní`ÝVmo JwUmZm§ gÎdmXrZm§ JwUVmbjUm§

oXmd^mgñd^mdm§ ‘m`m‘² A{VVapÝV B{V''. (JrVmì`m.7&12-14).

^mdmW© : gÎdaOV‘moJwU ^JdÝ‘` hr h¢ naÝVw ^JdmZ² JwU‘` Zht.AVEd ^JdÝ‘`H$mo g^r Hw$N> ^JdÐÿn bJVm h¡. naÝVw ZmZm{dYnXmW©Ho$doÎmmH$mo ^JdÎmÎdH$m kmZ Zht hmoVm. `hr Vmo ^JdmZ²Ho$ Xod AWm©V² H«$sS>mH$Vm©hmoZoHo$ H$maU CZH$s X¡dr H«$sS>m‘`r ‘m`m h¡ {H$ Omo gÎdm{X JwU dñVwV… ^JdÐÿnh¢ do ^r d¡go AZw yV Zht hmoVo. AVEd ^moŠVm na‘{edHo$ AYrZ ^mo½` Ordm|H$moahZm n‹S>Vm h¡. Omo g§gmar bmoJ Bg oXmË‘H$ ê$nH$m {Zd©MZ Zht H$a nmVo h¢CZHo$ {b o dhr oXmË‘H$ ê$n ‘m`m ~Z OmVm h¡. Am¡a Omo nma‘m{W©H$ ~«ô‘àH$meHo$ñdê$nH$mo OmZH$a BÝh| {ZhmaVo h¢, CÝh| `h oX {XIbmB© Zht XoVm. ’$bñdê$ndo ‘m`mH$mo bm§K OmVo h¢. `h brbmË‘H$VmH$m à{VnmXZ AmË‘VwîQ> na‘{edH$sg¥pîQ>H«$sS>mÛmam {gÕ hmoVm h¡.

ahr Am{d^m©d-{Vamo^mddmXH$s ~mV, Vmo dhm§ ^r `hr AdYo` h¡{dkmZmÛ¡VdmXr à{H«$`m‘| BZH$m "CÝ‘of' "{Z‘of' ê$n eãXmÝVam|‘| dU©Z CnbãYhmoVm hr h¡.

e¡dXe©ZH$m ì`mnH$ àgma : Ho$db H$mí‘ra‘| hr Zht {H$ÝVw gwXya X{jU‘| ^r e¡dm|Zo AnZr ewÕmÛ¡Vr

YmaUmH$m Bg wJ‘| (AWm©V² e§H$amoÎma VWm ‘hmà wnyd©) n`m©ßV àMma-àgma{H$`m Wm.

{d.g§.1266-1303‘| Xod{J[a (AmYw{ZH$ Xm¡bVm~mX)Ho$ amOm qgKUHo$Am{lV {dÛmZ g§JrVaËZmH$a lremL©²>Xod AnZo Bg J«ÝWHo$ gmVd| AÜ`m`H$m‘§JbmMaU BZ eãXm|‘| H$aVo h¢ :

Am§{JH§$ wdZ§ `ñ` dm{MH§$ gd©dmL²>‘`‘²&Amhm ª MÝÐVmam{X V§ Zw‘… gmpÎdH§$ {ed‘²&&

^mdmW© : Am§{JH$ A{^Z` (A§Jm|go àX{e©V H$s OmVr MoîQ>m) dm{MH$A{^Z` (g§dmX) Amhm © A{^Z` (‘°H²$-An²) gmpÎdH$ A{^Z` (‘Zmo mdÚmoVH$ZoÌ ‘wI Am{XH$s §{J‘m) `m| MVw{d©Y A{^Z` hmoVm h¡. `h g‘J« OJV²na‘oída {edH$m Am§{JH$ A{^Z` h¡. OJV²H$m g§nyU© dmL²>‘` Bg na‘oída{edHo$ AZoH${dY g§dmX h¡. AWm©V² dm{MH$ A{^Z` h¡. MÝÐ-Vmao Am{X Cgna‘oídaH$m doe yfm e¥§Jma h¢ AWm©V² Amhm © A{^Z` h¡. `h A{^Z` {H$grA{ed ‘m`m AWdm e¡VmZ Am{XH$m {ZÝÚ H$nQ> ZmQ>H$ `m N>bàn§M Zht h¡{H$ÝVw na‘ñVwË` {edH$s {edmpË‘H$m ‘ZpñW{VH$s hr ~mô`m{^ì`pŠV h¡.ewÕmÛ¡VH$s YmaUmH$s Bggo A{YH$ gwÝXa H$mì`mpË‘H$m A{^ì`pŠV Amoa Š`mhmo gH$Vr h¡

Bgr J«ÝWHo$ àW‘mÜ`m`Ho$ {ÛVr` àH$aU‘| lremL©²>Xod H$hVo h¢ :

""~«ô‘ h¡ Am¡a dh {MXmZÝX ñd §Á`mo{V {Za§OZ B©ída A{ÛVrÀO {d^w qbJê$n {Z{d©H$ma {ZamH$ma gd}ída AZídagd©epŠV wŠV gd©k h¡. Bg ~«ô‘Ho$ A§eH$mo "Ord' H$hm OmVmh¡... Ordm|Ho$ Cn^moJHo$ {b o dh AO OJV²H$s g¥pîQ> H$aVm h¡.ñd § VWm Ord H$mo {dlm§{V XoZoHo$ hoVw dh g¥pîQ>H$m Cng§hma ^rH$aVm h¡. g¥pîQ> Am¡a g§hma H$m `h H«${‘H$ àdmh AZm{XH$mbgoMbVm Am ahm h¡. Z Vmo o Ord na‘mË‘mgo {^ÝZ h¡ Am¡a Z O‹S>OJV² hr na‘mË‘mgo {^ÝZ h¡. na‘oída AnZr epŠVHo$ Ûmam g¥pîQ>aMVm h¡ AV… `h g¥pîQ> Cg na‘oídago A{^ÝZ h¡. Hw$ÊS>b O¡gogwdU©go A{^ÝZ hmoVm h¡. Hw$N> AÝ` doXmÝVr, {H$ÝVw, Bg OJV²H$moA{dÚmde àVrV hmoVm ‘mZVo h¢. O¡go A{dÚmde añgrna gn©H$sàVr{V hmoVr h¡.''


146 147

(g§Jr.aËZm.1&2&4-12)

h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ `hm§ ñdê$nn[aUm‘dmXna Adb§{~V OJX²-OJXreHo$VmXmËå`H$m à{VnmXZ {H$`m Om ahm h¡. `h ewÕmÛ¡VdmX Zht Vmo Am¡a Š`m hmogH$Vm h¡?

lr{dîUwñdm‘r, lrYañdm‘r VWm ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © : ñd § dmëb^ gåàXm`Ho$ H${Vn` boIH$ VWm gåàXm oVa boIH$ ^r H$B©

VahH$s CËàojm‘ybH$ ‘mÝ`Vm lr{dîUwñdm‘r Am¡a ‘hmà w Ho$ nañna gå~ÝYHo$~mao‘| àMm[aV H$aVo ahVo h¢. `Wm ‘hmà wH$s ‘mÝ`Vm‘| Xme©{ZH$ ewÕmÛ¡VdmXr{gÕmÝV {dîUwñdm‘rH$m Wm naÝVw nw{ï>^pŠV‘mJu` gmYZmàUmbr `m Vmo ñd §‘hmà wÛmam àd{V©V AWdm CZHo$ AmË‘O lr{dÆ>bZmW à wMaU Ûmam àMm[aV‘mZVo h¢. AÝ` Hw$N> bmoJ ‘hmà wH$s Xme©{ZH$ `m gmYZmàUmbr gå~ÝYr‘mÝ`VmAm|H$mo ‘hmà^wH$s AVrd ‘m¡{bH$ ‘mZ boZoH$s ^«‘UmHo$ de CZH$m{H$gr ^r VahH$m gå~ÝY {dîUwñdm‘rgo Zht Wm, Eogm AZJ©b {dYmZ ^r H$aXoVo h¢. H${Vn` M¡VÝ`gåàXm`Ho$ {dÛmZm|H$s Eogr ^r YmaUm h¡ {H$ ñd`§‘hmà wZo AnZo {dMmam| OZ‘mÝ` ~ZmZoH$mo Ho$db {dîUwñdm‘rHo$ gmW AnZm{‘Ï`m gå~ÝY (Ðï>.""Ho${MV² ñdH$ënZm`m… {Z‘y©bËd§ XyfU‘² An{ZZrfdmo{dîUwñdmå`Zw m{`Z§‘Ý`m… ZdrZmEd'' ~bXodH¥$V {g.a.{Q>ßn.29&8) Omo‹S> {b`mWm

d¡go lr{dîUwñdm‘rH$m H$mb ñnîQ>V`m Vmo kmV Zht hmoVm h¡. {’$a^rgd©Xe©Zg§J«hH$ma ‘mYdmMm`© ({d.g§.1353-1443)Ûmam BZH$m Zm‘moëboI{H$`m J`m hmoZogo BZHo$ H$mbH$s CÎmamd{Y 13dt eVmãXr ‘mZr OmVr h¡. Hw$N>{dÛmZ CÝh| lre§H$amMm ©go ^r ~hþV nyd©dVu ‘mZVo h¢ (Ðï>.~bXod CnmÜ`m`H¥$V^mJdVgåàXm` n¥. 366). lrYañdm‘rH$m H$mb ^r 13dt eVmãXrHo$ Amgnmghr ñdrH$mam OmVm h¡. ^mJdVna BZH$s ì`m»`m ^mdmW©Xr{nH$m lrYar à{gÕh¡. S>m°.dm.H¥$.MVwd}Xr mdmW©Xr{nH$mH$ma lrYañdm‘rH$mo lr{dîUwñdm‘rH$s naånam‘|aIZm MmhVo h¢ (Ðï>."lr.^mJ.Q>rH$m.' n¥.64).

AnZr ½`mahdfu` d`‘| CÁO¡ZHo$ nwamo{hVH$mo {ZO hñVmjam|‘| {bpIVd¥{ÎmnÌ‘| ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © ñd §H$m "{dîUwñdm{‘‘VmZwdVu' hmoZm ñdrH$maVoh¢. ‘hmà w, naÝVw, lrYar ^mdmW©Xr{nH$m‘| `Ì-VÌ ‘m`mdmXmZwgaU {H$`m J`mhmoZogo CÝh| ‘m`mdmXr hr ‘mZVo h¢. CÁO{`ZrHo$ d¥{ÎmnÌHo$ Abmdm {Z~ÝY VWm^mî` J«ÝWm|H$s nwpînH$m‘| ^r ‘hmà^w ñd`§Ho$ {dîUwñdm{‘‘VmZwdVu hmoZoH$mCëboI Vmo Adí` H$aVo h¢ naÝVw gmW hr gmW gw~mo{YZr‘| `h {dYmZ ^r H$aVoh¢ {H$ "" oX… nma‘m{W©H$… B{V emñÌ§ nwañH¥$Ë` {Ì{dYmo ^pŠV`moJ… CŠV….VoM gmåàV§ {dîUwñdmå`Zwgm[aU…, VÎddm{XZmo, am‘mZwOm… M...Añ‘Ëà{Vnm{XVñVw Z¡J©wÊ`…'' (gw~mo.3&32&37) BZ XmoZm| VahHo$ dMZm|Ho$gmú`Ho$ AmYmana BVZm Vmo {ZpíMVV`m {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ ñd § ‘hmà wH$sAmË‘ñdrH¥${VHo$ AZwgma lr{dîUwñdm‘r oXdmXr Wo ewÕmÛ¡Vr Zht Wo, O~{H$lrYañdm‘r Vmo {ZpíMV hr ‘m`mdmXr Wo. lr{dîUwñdm‘r, ‘hmà wHo$ AZwgma,^pŠVg§àXm`Ho$ à‘wI Mma AmMm`m]‘|go ^r EH$ Wo.

EVmdVm `h ’${bV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ‘hmà w ^r AnZo Xme©{ZH$ ‘V{deofHo$Ñ{ï>H$moUHo$ de Zht àË wV AÝ` {H$gr hoVwHo$ de hr {dîUwñdm{‘‘VHo$ AZwdVuWo. EVXW© gw~mo{YZrHo$ ‘§JbmMaU‘| {‘bVr EH$ AÝ` ñdrH¥${V ""...lrJm onrn{VdpÝXZo gw‘Z{g ~«ô‘m‘¥Vñ`pÝXZo...lr‘ëbú‘U^Å>gy[a[a{V... Vñ‘¡ VmV‘hme`m`'' (gw~mo.1&1&1) àH$Q>H$aVo h¢. Bg ‘§JbmMaUH$s ì`m»`m H$aVo hþdo àH$meH$ma H$hVo h¢ ""AÌ"Jmonrn{VdpÝXZo' BË`ZoZ naåna`m {dîUwñdm{‘‘VmZwd{V©JmonmbmonmgH$Ëd§gy{MV‘². "gw‘Z{g' BË`m{XZm kmZmonXoeH$WZmX² Ah§J«hmonmgH$Ëd‘²''(gw~mo.àH$m.1&1&1) BgHo$ AmYmana `h ^r Üd{ZV hmoVm h¡ {H$ AnZr nyd©Om|goMbr Am`r Hw$bnaånamHo$ de hr Ho$db ‘hmà w {dîUwñdm{‘‘VmZwdVu Wo. gmWhr gmW `hm§ "Ah§J«hmonmgZm'Ho$ CëboIHo$ AmYmana `h ^r Úmo{VV hmo ahm h¡{H$ em§H$a ‘V‘| O¡go CnmgZmW© oXH$ënZm H$s OmVr h¡, d¡go hr oXdmXr{dîUwñdm‘rHo$ gåàXm`‘| CnmgZmW© A oXH$ënZmH$s ^r H$moB© ar{V ahr hmoJr.

`h YmaUm {H$grH$mo ‘mÝ` ^r hmo gH$Vr h¡ `m A‘mÝ` ^r. {H$gr ^rgyaV‘| lrYañdm‘r Ûmam {H$ o J o EH$ VQ>ñW CëboI ""VXwŠV§ {dîUwñdm{‘{^…''(^mdm.Xr{n.1&7&6, 3&12&2) Ho$ AmYmana CÝh| {dîUwñdm{‘‘VmZwdVu ‘mZ


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H$a VWm ^mJdVlrYar ì`m»`mHo$ AmYmana lr{dîUwñdm‘rH$mo AôXdmXr‘mZZm H$‘go H$‘ ‘hmà wH$s YmaUmgo Vmo {dnarV hr bJVm h¡. lrYañdm‘rH$s‘mÝ`VmHo$ AZwgma lr{dîUwñdm‘r AôXdmXr hm | Vm o hm | ^bo AV…S>m°.dm.H¥$.MVwd}XrH$m `h {dYmZ {H$ ^mdmW©Xr{nH$m (1&7&6,3&12&2) ‘|""VXwŠV§ {dîUwñdm{‘Zm({^…?)'' `m| Zm‘{ZX}enyd©H$ dMZmoXmhaUHo$ H$maU""ñnï>ê$noU `{X {H$gr gåàXm`mMm`©H$m CëboI {H$`m h¡ Vmo do{dîUwñdm‘r h¢... BVZm hr Zht lrYañdm‘rZo {dîUwñdm‘rHo$ dMZ ^rCÕ¥V {H$ o h¢ Am¡a CZH$m Zm‘{ZX}e ^r {H$`m h¡ AV… CÝh| {dîUwñdm‘rgåàXm`mZwdVu ‘mZZm Mm{h o'' (lr.^mJ.Q>rH$m.n¥.64) Bg `wpŠVdmXH$mg‘mYmZ Vmo ñd`§ Bgr dMZHo$ gmW Omo ""nmVÄObo@{n EVEd CŠVm…(^mdm.Xr{n.3&12&2) gZm‘ dMZ CÕ¥V {H$`m h¡, Cgrgo hmo OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$Eogo gZm‘dMZ{ZX}ego H$ht A{YH$ ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©Ho$ ~mao‘| AnZmna‘mXa^md lrYañdm‘r ""^mî`H$ma‘V§ gå`H²$ VX²ì`m»`mV¥{Ja…VWm'',""lr‘ÀN>§H$a^JdX²^mî`H$V¥©{^… A{Và~ÝYoZ Cnnm{XV{‘{VJ«ÝW~mhþë`mX² Z Añ‘m{^… àVÝ`Vo'' (^.Jr.lrY.1&1,13&19) BZ XmodMZm|‘| àH$Q> {H$`m h¡. Z Ho$db BVZm àË wV ""B©ída^ŠË`m bãYkmZoZ‘moj…''- ""H¥$îU^ŠV¡… A`ËZoZ ~«ô‘kmZ‘² Admß`Vo'' (^mdm.Xrn.1&7&6-^.Jr.lrY.7&30) BZ XmoZm| dMZm|‘| H¥$îU^pŠVgo ~«ô‘kmZ Am¡a ~«ô‘kmZgo‘mojàmpßVH$s em§H$a à{H«$`m hr ñdrH$mar J`r bJVr h¡. AVEd ""àn§Mñ`{h AgÎdo H$W§ gÎdàVr{V… B{V B‘m‘² Ame§H$m§ gn[aH$a‘² Cng§haZ²n[aha{V... AñV{YfU§ {ZañVà{V^mg§ Ëdæ od "CX² dX²'A{n `V² Zí`V²g{Xd B{V CnbjU‘²''-""‘‘ {dîUmo… na§ {Z{d©eof§ ê$n§ ~«ô‘''(^mdm.Xr{n.10&14&22^.Jr.lrY.13&12) BZ ì`m»`mdMZm|‘| àn§MH$m{‘Ï`mËd Am¡a ~«ô‘H$m {Z{d©eofËd H$m ñdrH$ma lrYañdm‘rH$mo ‘m`mdmXr hr{gÕ H$aVm h¡.

Z Ho$db BVZm A{nVw `{X M¡VÝ`M[aVm‘¥VHo$ gmao Cnm»`mZm|H$mo àm‘m{UH$‘mZ| Vmo ""ñdm{‘ Zm ‘mZo oB OZ doí`ma {^Vao Vma H$[ado JUZ. lrYañdm‘r{ZpÝX {ZOQ>rH$m H$ao lrYañdm‘r Zm{h ‘mZ EVm° Jd© Yao... lrYa CnaoJd} Oo {H$Nw> {bpIdo AW©ì`ñV {bIZ goB bmoHo$ Z ‘m{Zdo. lrYaoa AZwJV

H$amo ì`m»`mZ. A{^‘mZ N>m§{S> Omo JdmZ²'' (M¡V.M[a.AÝË`br.7&115-136) BVZo H$R>moa AmXoeHo$ ~mdOyX VWm BgHo$ {dnarV ñd § lrM¡VÝ`‘hmà wHo$Xygao ""Ordoa {ZñVma bm{J gyÌ H¡$b ì`mg ‘m`mdmXr ^mî` ew{Zb h`gd©Zme'' (M¡V.M[a.‘.br.6&169) Eogo BVaoVa{déÕ Xmo AmXoem|Ho$ H$maU^`^rV hm o H$a ñd` § lrOrd Jm oñdm‘r ^r ""VX²(‘m`m)dmXoZH$~w©[aV{bnrZm§... lrYañdm{‘MaUmZm§ ewÕd¡îUd{gÕmÝVmZwJVm MoV² V{h©`WmdXod {b»`Vo'' (VÎdgÝX.) H$h H$a lrYañdm‘r bopIZr‘| ‘m`mdmXrñ`mhr âr hþ r ‘mZ boVo h¢. lrYamZwJV ì`m»`mHo$ {ZOmMm`m}n{Xï> {gÕmÝVH$mogd©Wm ÜdñV H$aHo$

Ohm§VH$ Bg ^mJdV-lrYarH$m àíZ h¡ Vmo h‘ {ZpíMVV`m H$h gH$Vo h¢{H$ Bg ì`m»`m‘| Z Vmo ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$m Am¡a Z Vmo A{MÝË`Û¡VmÛ¡VdmXH$m hrlrYa gyÌnmV H$a nm o h¢. `Ì-VÌ ‘m`mdmXr CX²Jma lrYar‘| AZoH$ CnbãYhmoVo h¢. {ZîH$f©V… lrYaH$m lre§H$amMm ©go à^m{dV hmoZm ghO hr g‘Pm OmgH$Vm h¡. AVEd `{X M¡VÝ`‘VmZwJm‘r Q>rH$mH$ma öX`go lrYaH$mo ‘m`mdmXrZ ‘mZVo hmoVo Vmo H$mhoH$mo lrYañdm‘rH$mo ‘m`mdmXr ‘mZZoHo$ ~Om` CZH$sbopIZrH$s ñ`mhrH$mo Ho$db ‘m`mdmXr ‘mZZoH$m Hw$eH$memdbå~Z H$aVo? ñd §lrM¡VÝ` ‘hmà wH$s íbm¿`V‘ lrH¥$îU^pŠVnamÙVmHo$ H$maU bmoH$‘mÝ`VmVmo Bg gåàXm`H$mo ghO CnbãY Wr hr {’$a AH$maU lrYañdm{‘H$mo ‘m`mdmXrZ ‘mZZoH$m H$moB© Am¡{MË` {gÕ hr Zht hmoVm. S>m°.dm.H¥$.MVwd}XrH$s ñd §ñdrH¥${V{H$ ""lrYaZo AnZr Q>rH$m‘| AZoH$ ñWmZm|na {MËgwIH$m Zm‘{ZX}e {H$`m h¡.CÝh| AnZm {ZX}eH$ ‘mZm h¡'' (lr.^mJ.Q>rH$m.n¥.68). `{X lr{dîUwñdm‘rH$mZm‘{Z{ZX}e H$aZo‘mÌgo lrYañdm‘r ‘m`mdmXr Z hm| Vmo ‘m`mdmXHo$ Ywa§Ya{dÛmZ² lr{MËgwImMm ©Ho$ Zm‘{ZX}eHo$ hoVwHo$ AmYmana ‘m`mdmXr lr{MËgwImMm ©Ho$AZwJm‘r hmoZm ^r {gÕ hmoJm hr S>m°.dm.H¥$.MVwd}XrH$s Xygar EH$ {Z‘y©b YmaUm`h ^r h¡ {H$ lrYañdm‘rHo$ ‘§JbmMaU‘| am‘ H¥$îU {ed Z¥qgh H$s ^pŠVgon[anyU© h¢, EVmdVm BÝh| ‘m`mdmXr Zht ‘mZZm Mm{h o (Ðï>.lr.^mJ.Q>rH$m.59).Vmo Eogo ^pŠV^mdgo AmoVàmoV ñd § lre§H$amMm ©Ho$ Ûmam {da{MV ñVmoÌ H$hm§CnbãY Zht hmoVo? Xme©{ZH$ ‘V Ho$dbmÛ¡V Am¡a ^pŠV^md {ZJ©wU-{ZamH$ma-{Z{d©eof ~«ô‘Ho$ ~Om` {H$gr Xod{deof‘| lrYañdm‘rH$m hr Zht àË wV AZoH$mZoH$


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Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXr {dÛmZm|H$m {‘bVm hr h¡. lrhf© e§H$a-nmd©VrHo$ dÝXZHo$ gmWIÊS>ZIÊS>ImÚ J«ÝWH$m ‘§JbmMaU H$aVo h¢. Vmo Cg J«ÝWH$mo d¡VpÊS>H$ ‘wÐmgoAmJo ~‹T> H$a dmX‘wÐm‘| CÝhr wpŠVAm|H$mo ‘pÊS>V H$aZo ñd § {MËgwImMm © ^rZ¥qghdÝXZmnyd©H$ hr VÎdàXr{nH$m {MËgwIrH$m àmaå^ H$aVo h¢. CnmgZmW© e¡d(`Wm Aßn`Xr{jV) VWm d¡îUd (`Wm lr‘YwgyXZ gañdVr) JmUnË` (`WmlrAZÝVH¥$îU emñÌr) Am{X AZoH$mZoH$ {dÛmZm|H$s AnZo-AnZo Bï>Xodm|‘| {Zð>m^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©go Amaå^ H$a AÚmd{Y Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXr {dÛmZm|‘| Ñ{ï>JVhmoVr hr h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| lrYaH$m d¡îUd-‘m`mdmXr hmoZm H$moB© AZhmoZr ~mVVmo Zht ñd`§ lre§H$amMm`© (AmÚ) ^r "fÊ‘Và{VîR>mnH$' ‘mZo OmVo h¢.lr‘YwgyXZ gañdVrHo$ Vmo H$Q²>Q>a ‘m`mdmXr Am¡a H$Q²>Q>a H¥$îU^ŠV hmoZo‘| {H$gogÝXoh hmo gH$Vm h¡?

O¡go lrYañdm‘rZo ^JdX²{dJ«h Zm‘ ê$n JwU {d y{V Ym‘ VWm n[aH$aH$mo{ZË` ‘mZm h¡ d¡go hr lr‘YwgyXZ gañdVr ^r H$hVo h¢ ""namH¥$VZ‘X²~ÝY§ na§~«ô‘ ZamH¥$qV gm¡ÝX ©gmagd©ñd§ dÝXo ZÝXmË‘O§ ‘h…''(JrVm‘Ywgy.14&14)EVmdVm Š`m ""e¡dm gm¡am… M JmUoem… d¡îUdm… epŠVnyOH$m dpÝV Ý‘`m…gd} gmo@h‘pñ‘ na… {ed… à‘mUVmo@{n {ZUuV§ H¥$îU‘mhmËå`‘² AX² wV§ ZeŠZwdpÝV o gmoTw>§ Vo ‘yT>m {Za §JVm…'' (^.Jr.‘Yw.20&15) CX²Jma àH$Q>H$aZodmbo lr‘YwgyXZ ^r AÛ¡Vr Zht Wo, Eogm H$^r gmoMm ^r Om gH$Vm h¡Š`m? lr‘YwgyXZ gañdVrH$s Vah hr lrYa ^r Vmo OJV²H$mo {‘Ï`m hr ‘mZVoh ¢ ""VX² Ed‘² AZoH ¡ $: h oV w{^… ànÄMñ` AgÎd§gm{YV‘²''(^mdm.Xr{n.12&4&29).

Hw$N> {dÛmZ lrYaH$mo Û¡VmÛ¡Vr ‘mZVo h¢ {H$ÝVw ^mJdVlrYar (12&4&30)‘| ZmZmËdH$mo gwñnîQ> eãXm|‘| Am{dÚH$ ‘mZm J`m h¡. AV… lrYañdm‘rH$mÛ¡VmÛ¡Vr hmoZm ^r gå^d Zht bJVm. AÝ`Wm lre§H$amMm ©H$mo ^r nma‘m{W©H$AÛ¡V VWm ‘m{`H$ Û¡VH$mo ñdrH$maZoHo$ H$maU Û¡VmÛ¡Vr ‘mZ n‹S>oJm

`ht Cn w©ŠV fQ²>gÝX ©Ho$ dMZH$s amYm‘mo{hZr ì`m»`m‘| lrYaHo$ dMZm|H$mo"AJ«mô`' ^r H$hm J`m h¡ ""EVoZ `Ì ewÕmÛ¡V‘VmZwdmXì`m»`m gm Z AÌ

J«mô`m'' (dht). `hm§ "ewÕmÛ¡V' nX Ho$dbmÛ¡VHo$ AW©‘| à`wŠV hþdm h¡.~bXod{dÚm yfUZo Vmo Am¡a ^r A{YH$ AmjonmË‘H$ eãXm|‘| `h H$h {X`m h¡ {H$""VWm{n ŠM{MV² Šd{MX² ‘m`mdmXmoëboI… VX²dm{XZmo ^JdX²^ŠVm¡àdoe{`Vw§ ~{S>em{‘fmn©UÝ`m oZ¡d'' (dht).

AV… lrYañdm‘r em§H$a Wo `m {dîUwñdm{‘‘VmZw`m`r; Am¡a `{X{dîUwñdm{‘‘VmZw m`r Wo Vmo ‘m`mdmXH$m {‘lU CÝhm|Zo AnZr ^mJdVì`m»`m‘|AkmZde {H$`m `m "~{S>em{‘fmn©UÝ`m oZ' N>bH$nQ>de {H$`m Wm, BZ àíZm|Ho$CÎma ImoOZo‘| {ZaW©H$ H$mb`mnZ H$aZoHo$ ~Om` ‘hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©lrYañdm‘rH$mo, `{X {dîUwñdm{‘‘VmZw m`r hm| Vmo ^r, AnZm CnOrì` Zht‘mZVo h¢. Eogm àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ M¡VÝ`M[aVm‘¥VH$ma H¥$îUXmgHo$ AZwgma ñd §lrM¡VÝ` ‘hmà wH$mo ^mJdVmW©~moY lrYañdm‘rH$s ì`m»`mna Adbpå~V hþdoZht hmoVm hmoJm Vmo gmo lrYañdm‘rH$mo AnZm ñdm‘r ‘mZZoH$m Am¡{MË` g‘P‘|AmVm h¡ naÝVw AÝ`m|H$mo VWm M¡VÝ`‘VmZwJm‘r {dÛmZm|H$mo ^r dhm§ {~Iam hþdm‘m`mdmX ‘mÝ` Z hmo Vmo Z Vmo lrYañdm‘rH$mo AnZm ñdm‘r ‘mZZm A{Zdm©~ZVm h¡ Am¡a Z lrYar ì`m»`mHo$ AmbmoMZmHo$ H$maU doí`mËdmn{Îm àgŠV hmogH$Vr h¡. Am¡a `{X hmoVr hmo Vmo dh ñd § M¡VÝ`‘VmZwJm‘r lrOrd Jmoñdm‘rAm{X {dÛmZm|Ho$ ~mao‘| ^r ñdrH$mar Om gH$Vr h¡. bJVm h¡ {H$ ñd § M¡VÝ`‘VHo${dÛmZm|H$s lrYañdm‘rHo$ ‘VHo$ ~mao‘| Š`m YmaUm Wr, `h AdJV Z hmoZoHo$H$maU AH$maU hmñ`mñnX {ZÝXm M¡VÝ`M[aVm‘¥VH$ma ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©H$sH$a ~¡R>o. `m gå^dV… BZ {dÛmZm|go nyd© mdr hmoZoHo$ H$maU O¡gr Jmbr-Jbm¡M‘hmà wHo$ dmñVo H$s d¡gr ñd § AnZo gJmoÌr {dÛmZm|H$s An‘mZOZH$ {ZÝXm H$aZht nm o. `Ú{n M¡VÝ`M[aVm‘¥VH$ma H¥$îUXmg Vmo ‘hmà wH$mo M¡VÝ`H¥$nmH$m§jrXwa{^‘mZr Am¡a M¡VÝ`Ûmam AZmÑV hr {XIbmVo h¢. S>m°.dm.H¥$.MVwd}Xr Vmo,{H$ÝVw, CZH$s ""d¡í`ma ^rVa Vma H$[a~o JUZ'' JmbrH$m Xwame`J«ñV AW©doí`mnwÌ H$aZogo r MyHo$ Zht (Ðï>.lr.^mJ.Q>rH$m.n¥.60) h gßVmMm © {dÛmZ²Ho$~mao‘| AVrd bÁOmñnX VWm IoXmdh H$Wm h¡.

Bg {damoYm^mgHo$ ‘yb‘| VÏ` `hr h¡ {H$ lre§H$amMm © lram‘mZwOmMm ©VWm lr‘ÜdmMm ©Ho$ àmXw m©dHo$ ~mX AÚmd{Y BZ AmMm`m]Ho$ AgmYmaU à^mdHo$


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H$maU Omo "gmoh‘²'dmbr AÛ¡VdmXH$s ‘Zmod¥{ÎmHo$ {dÛmZ m ŠV Wo do lre§H$amMm ©Ho$Xe©ZH$s Amoa PwH$ZoH$mo ~m{YV hþdo. Bgr Vah AnZo BîQ>XodHo$ AmH$ma JwU brbmAm{XH$mo ‘m{`H$ ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm Eogo ^`Ho$ H$maU Omo "gmoh‘²'H$s CnmgZmgogÝVwîQ> Z hmo nm o, Eogo "Xmgmoh‘²'dmbr mdZmdmbo {dÛmZ Ed§ ŠV lram‘mZwOmMm ©VWm lr‘ÜdmMm ©Ho$ Xe©ZH$s Amoa PwH$ZoH$mo ~m{YV hþdo. eof Omo bmoJ ^pŠVAm¡a AÛ¡V H$m g‘Ýd` ImoO Zht nm o do R>mog Xme©{ZH$ YamVbHo$ A^md‘|Ag‘ÄOgV`m H$^r `hm§ Vmo H$^r dhm§ bw‹T>H$Vo aho. lrYaH$s lrYar BgVÏ`H$m AH$mQ²>` à‘mU h¡.

`h ~mV {H$ÝVw e¡dgåàXm`na bmJy Zht hmoVr. Š`m|{H$ Bg H$mb‘| AWm©V²^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm ©Ho$ VWm ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Ho$ ~rMHo$ AÝVamb‘|ewÕmÛ¡VH$s YmaUmH$mo EH$ Yamoha ê$n‘| e¡dm|Ho$ {d{^ÝZ gåàXm`m|Zo gåhmbo aImWm. BZ‘| à‘wIV`m H$mí‘ra e¡d Xe©ZH$s Vah H$Um©Q>H$Ho$ drae¡dXe©ZH$m Zm‘^r {deofV`m CëboIZr` h¡.

H$Um©Q >H$s` drae¡d ‘VHo$ ^mî`H$ma lrn{V^JdËnmXmMm`©H$m{deofmÛ¡VdmX Am¡a ewÕmÛ¡VdmX :

‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Ho$ OÝ‘go 80 df© nhbo {d.g§. 1456‘| X{jU^maV‘| ~«ô‘gyÌna drae¡d‘VHo$ AZwgma mî` {bIZodmbo lrn{V JdËnmXmMm ©Zo{deofmÛ¡VdmXH$s YmaUm àñVwV H$s Wr. do ^mî`Ho$ àmaå^‘| hr H$hVo h¢ :

""Ho$dbÛ¡V `m Ho$dbmÛ¡V Am{X ‘Vm|‘| lw{VHo$ EH$XoeH$m hrgmú` `m àm‘mÊ` h¡. drae¡dm|Ho$ {gÕmÝV ewÕÛ¡VmÛ¡V, {Ogo"{deofmÛ¡V' ^r H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡, ‘| g^r lw{VAm|Ho$ dMZg‘pÝdV hmo OmVo h¢. Bg "{deofmÛ¡V' nX‘| "{d'nXH$m AW© h¡ "ÛmgwnUm©' dMZ‘| {Zê${nV e§ w. "eof'nXH$m AW© h¡ "`Wm½Zo… jwÐm{dñ’w$pëb§Jm ì`wÀMapÝV' dMZ‘| {Zê${nV emara OrdmË‘m."AÛ¡V'nXH$m AW© h¡ BZ XmoZm| Ord Am¡a {ed H$m `moJ. Ord Am¡a{ed Ho$ Bg `moJH$m {Zê$nU "`Wm ZÚ… ñ`ÝX‘mZm: g‘wÐo AñV§JÀN>pÝV Zm‘ê$no {dhm` VWm {dÛmZ² Zm‘ê$nmX² {d‘wŠV… namËna§nwéf‘² Cn¡{V {Xì`‘²' dMZ‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.''

g~go ‘µOoXma nhbw Bg {deofmÛ¡VdmXH$m `h h¡ {H$ ‘hmà wH$mo A{^‘Vñdm^m{dH$ AÛ¡V Am¡a EopÀN>H$ Û¡V H$s YmaUmgo Hw$N> AbJ hQ>H$a ñdm^m{dH$Û¡VmÛ¡V VWm OrdmË‘mHo$ ‘wŠV hmo OmZona {edHo$ gmW AmË`pÝVH$ m VmXmËå`ê$nAÛ¡VH$mo `hm§ ‘mÝ` {H$`m J`m h¡ :

""OrdH$m OrdËd ñdm^m{dH$ hmoZogo {Zd¥Îm Zht hmo gH$Vm;AV…, "VÎd‘{g' dmŠ`H$m AW© Bg Vah H$aZm Mm{h o {H$ Ord~«ô‘H$m hr EH$ àH$ma h ¡ "VËàH$maH$m o@{g'. AWdm{MX{MX²{d{eîQ> H$m`©~ «ô‘ Am¡a gyú‘ {MX{MX²{d{eîQ>H$maU~«ô‘‘| nañna A oXHo$ ÚmoVZmW© "VÎd‘{g' CnXoe {X`m J`mh¡, Eogr {d{eîQ>mÛ¡Vdm{XAm|H$s YmaUm h¡, dh C{MV Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$‘mojXem‘| ^r `{X Ord B©ídaHo$ namYrZ ahm Vmo Xw…pIVm ^r Cg‘|ahoJr. O~{H$ lw{VAm|‘| "A^ § d¡ OZH$ àmßVmo{g', "Z {~ o{VHw$VíMZ B{V' `m| gwñnîQ> eãXm|Ûmam ~ÝY Am¡a ‘moj Xem ‘| VmaVå`Ho$db `hr {XIbm`m J`m h¡ {H$ ~ÝY g^` hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ‘mojA^`. "EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gdª' H$hH$a CnH«$‘‘| O‹S> àn§MH$s~«ô‘mË‘H$Vm {XIbmB© JB© h¡ Am¡a "VÎd‘{g' H$hH$a Cng§hma‘|"VV²'nXgo nyd©{Z{X©îQ> ~«ô‘H$m "Ëd‘²' nXgo dmÀ` ídoVHo$VwHo$ gmWA oX {Zê${nV {H$`m J`m h¡. AV… CgHo$ Abmdm Amoa H$moB© AW©d¡{XH$m|H$mo ItMVmZ H$a Zht {ZH$mbZm Mm{h o. ‘mÜdm|Ûmam {H$`mOmVm "VÎd‘{g' dmŠ`H$m "Vñ‘mV² Ëd‘{g' AW©Vmo nyd©d{U©V~«ô‘H$s gdm©Ë‘H$Vmgo gd©Wm {dnarV AW©H$s hr H$ënZm h¡. emaraAmË‘m `{X Ho$db emara hr hmo Am¡a na‘mË‘m Ho$db na‘mË‘m hrVmo {’$a ~«ô‘monXoeH$s Amdí`H$Vm hr Š`m h¡? ‘mÜd‘V‘|"AVÎd‘{g' dmŠ`H$s ^r H$ënZm H$s OmVr h¡ dh Vmo "EoVXmËå`‘²BX§ gdª' dMZgo {déÕ hmoZoHo$ H$maU ‘w‘wjwAm|Ho$ {b o Cn`moJr hrZht h¡. g¢H$S>m| lw{VdMZ, `Wm "~«ô‘{dX² ~«ô‘¡d ^d{V' "VV² Ëd‘²A{g' "Ëd§ VX² A{g' "Amd`mo… AÝVa§ Z {dÚVo' " ~«ô‘ doX ~«ô‘¡d^d{V' BË`m{X dMZm|Ho$ àm‘mÊ`H$m `hm§ §J hmoVm {XIbmB© XoVmh¡. AV… XÊS>-XÊS>rH$s Vah ñWyb-gyú‘ {MX{MX²Ho$ gmW


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A§Jm§JrH$s Vah g§g¥îQ>ôXdmX Am¡a nañna KQ>-nQ>H$s VahAg§g¥îQ> oXdmX lw{VdMZm|go {ZañV hmo OmVm h¡''.

(lrH$a^m.1&1&8). ""Bgr Vah aÁOw-gn©H$s Vah OJV²H$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZZodmbm

ewÕmÛ¡VdmX (Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXHo$ AW©‘|)* ^r .... nydm}ŠVlw{Vñ‘¥{VdMZm|go {déÕ hmoZogo ‘w‘wjwOZm|Ho$ {b o AmXaUr` Zhth¡''.

(dht 1&1&10).

BZ dMZm|Ho$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZogo `h ñnîQ>V`m àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ lrn{VAnZo {deofmÛ¡VdmXH$mo Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX, {Ogo do "ewÕmÛ¡V' H$hVo h¢; VWm,{d{eîQ>mÛ¡VdmX, {Ogo "g§g¥îQ>- oXdmX' H$hVo h¢; Am¡a, Bgr Vah Ho$dbÛ¡VdmX,{Ogo do "Ag§g¥îQ>- oXdmX' H$hVo h¢, `m| VrZm|go ~MmH$a {Zê${nV H$aZm MmhVoh¢. lrn{V AnZo ‘VH$mo ^mñH$amMm ©Ho$ Û¡VmÛ¡VdmXgo A{YH$ à^m{dV ‘mZVo h¢.do H$hVo h¢ ""AÌ Ho${MX² Apñ‘Z² AmZÝX‘ o ~«ô‘{U Ordñ` VÚmoJ§ eofËd§gå~ÝY§ empñV emñÌ§ à{VnmX`Vr{V {d{eîQ>mÛ¡V‘od ‘w»`{‘{V Oën`pÝV.VX² Ad¡{XH$ËdmX² Z ‘w‘ wjw{^… J«mô`§ d¡{XH$‘r‘m §gmH$V¥ © {^…^Q² >Q >^mñH$am{Xnydm ©Mm`£… ñd{gÕmÝVñWmnZmdgao nyd©njñ`m{nA`mo½`ËdoZ Cno{jVËdmV²'' (dht 1&1&20).

{’$a ^r dmëb^‘VHo$ {ZH$Q>, ^mñH$amMm`©H$s VwbZm‘|, lrn{V A{YH$bJVo h¢. Š`m|{H$ do OJV²H$mo ~«ô‘Ho$ ñdê$nH$m n[aUm‘ Zht ‘mZVo {’$a ^r~«ô‘epŠVH$m n[aUm‘ ‘mZVo h¢ """ôXmôXmpË‘H$m epŠV… ~«ô‘{ZîR>mgZmVZr' B{V ñ‘¥Vm¡ eŠVo… dpôZeŠVo[ad ~«ô‘m{YîR>mZËdmonXoemV²{Za{YîR>mZeŠVo… A^mdmV² M, epŠVepŠV‘Vmo A oXmV² M. VËH$V¥©Ëd-VXmË‘H$Ëd§ Vñ`¡d CnnÝZËdmV²'' (dht 1&1&4). AWm©V² dpôZH$sXmhH$epŠVH$s Vah oXm oXmpË‘H$m epŠV ~«ô‘ê$n A{YîR>mZ‘| ahVr h¡. {H$grA{YîR>mZHo$ {~Zm epŠVH$s gÎmm hr gå^d Zht h¡ Am¡a epŠV-epŠV‘mZHo$~rM A oX hmoZogo OJËH$Vm© ~«ô‘ hr h¡ Am¡a OJV² ~«ô‘mË‘H$ h¡ h CnnÝZ hmoVmh¡.

~«ô‘ Am¡a CgH$s epŠVHo$ ~rM, ^mñH$amMm ©H$s Vah, lrn{V Û¡VmÛ¡VñdrH$maVo h¢, naÝVw ñdm^m{dH$ AÛ¡V Am¡a Am¡nm{YH$ Û¡V BÝh| ‘mÝ` Zht h¡.O‹S>OrdmË‘H$ OJV² gyú‘ê$n‘| AWm©V² epŠVH$s g§Hw${MV AdñWmHo$ ê$n‘|Aì`ŠV-Zm‘ê$n-{d^mJmË‘Zm H$maUê$noU ~«ô‘‘| ahVm h¡, naÝVw V~ ^r dh~«ô‘go {^ÝZm{^ÝZ hr hmoVm h¡. `hm§ Bg Vah Hw$N> {d{eîQ>mÛ¡VdmXgo {ZH$Q>VmAmVr bJVr h¡, naÝVw {d{eîQ>mÛ¡VdmX‘| earaê$n gyú‘{MX{MX² ~«ô‘ê$n earar‘|H$maUearamË‘Zm {dÚ‘mZ ahVm h¡, oXm oXK{Q>VV`m Zht. AWm©V² AmË`pÝVH$-oXK{Q>V ñdrH$mar JB© h¡. O~{H$ {deofmÛ¡VdmX Cgo oXm oXK{Q>V ñdrH$maVm

h¡ Am¡a `hm§ AmH$a {d{eîQ>mÛ¡V Am¡a {deofmÛ¡VH$m nmW©Š` ñ’w$Q> hmo OmVm h¡.Zm‘ê$nmË‘Zm ì`ŠV ñWyb OJV² ~«ô‘epŠVH$s àgm[aVmdñWm `m H$m`m©dñWm h¡Am¡a Zm‘ê$nmË‘Zm Aì`ŠV gyú‘ OJV² ~«ô‘epŠVH$s g§Hw${MVmdñWm `mH$maUmdñWm h¡. XmoZm| AdñWmAm|‘| epŠV, epŠVH$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWm Am¡a~«ô‘Ho$ ~rM oXm oX H$m`‘ ahVm h¡ (Ðï>.dht 2&1&16).

{d{eîQ>mÛ¡VdmX‘|, O~{H$, gyú‘{MX{MX² eara H$maUmdñWm h¡ Am¡a ñWyb{MX²eara H$m`m©dñWm h¡, naÝVw BZ XmoZm| AdñWmAm|‘| dh ~«ô‘m{YpîR>V hmoZona^r gyú‘-ñWyb {MX{MX² hr ahVo h¢. O¡gm {H$ lrdoXmÝVXo{eH$Zo A{Vgw§XaV`mBg VÎdH$mo Ý`m`{gÕmÄOZHo$ àmaå^‘| ñnîQ> {H$`m h¡ ""Aeof{MX{MËàH$ma§~«ô‘ EH$‘od VÎd‘². VÌ àH$maàH$m[aUmo àH$mamUm§ M {‘Wmo AË`ÝV oXo@{n{d{eîQ>¡H$Ëd{ddj`m EH$Ëdì`nXoe…'' (Ý`m.{g.) AWm©V² VÎd EH$‘mÌ~«ô‘ h¡ naÝVw Aeof {MX² Am¡a A{MX² dñVw ~«ô‘Ho$ àH$ma h¡. àH$ma Am¡aàH$mar; VWm àH$mamo‘| ^r nañna AmË`pÝVH$ oX hmoZona ^r àH$ma{d{eîQ>àH$marHo$ EH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU Cgo EH$-AÛ¡V H$hm OmVm h¡.

lrn{V H$hVo h¢ ""O¡go {‘Å>r {‘Å>rHo$ ê$n‘| H$m`‘ ahVr hþB© KQ>m{Xê$n‘|n[aUV ^r hmo OmVr h¡; Am¡a dhm§ KQ>m{XH$s ‘¥XmË‘H$VmHo$ ~mao‘| {H$grH$mogÝXoh ^r Zht hmoVm. Bgr Vah na‘oídaH$s AnZr epŠV EH$m§egoOJXmË‘Zm n[aUV ^r hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a OJV²go {^ÝZ ^r h¡ hr'' (dht2&11&19).


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AmaåÛm{YH$aU‘| {ZîH$f©ê$noU lrn{V H$hVo h¢ ""Bg A{YH$aU‘|OJXrída oXdmX Am¡a OJX²{‘Ï`mËddmXHo$ {ZagZnyd©H$ oXm oXdmX hrdoXmÝV{gÕmÝVHo$ ê$n‘| ì`mgm{^àoV h¡ `h {XIbm`m J`m h¡''.

`h oXm oXdmX {H$ÝVw ^mñH$amMm ©H$mo A{^‘V ñdm^m{dH$ A oX Am¡aAm¡nm{YH$ oX H$m {gÕmÝV Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$ lrn{V ñnîQ> eãXm|‘| H$hVo h¢ ""OmobmoJ Ord Am¡a ~«ô‘ Ho$ ~rM‘| Am¡nm{YH$ oX Am¡a ñdm^m{dH$ A oX‘mZVo h¢; VWm O‹S> Ðì` Am¡a ~«ô‘Ho$ ~rM Û¡VH$mo Añdm^m{dH$ ‘mZVo h¢,CZHo$ ‘V‘| Cnm{Y ~«ô‘go A{V[aŠV Vmo ‘mZr Zht Om gHo$Jr. Š`m|{H$~«ô‘go A{V[aŠV Vmo Hw$N> h¡ hr Zht. AV… {Zad`d n[anyU© na‘{edH$mhr EH$ ê$n Cnm{Y ^r h¡, `h ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. {ZîH$f©V… dhr na‘{edOJV²‘| AZw y ‘mZ ho mH$mam|H$mo YmaU H$aVm h¡ `h ^r ñdrH$maZm hmoJm''(dht 2&1&14). lrn{V Bgo Amoa ñnîQ> H$aVo hþdo H$hVo h¢ :

""AV… O¡go ‘H$‹S>r ñd §‘|go Ombm {ZH$mbVr h¡ Am¡a ~wZVr h¡,dh Ombm nhbo ^r Zm‘ê$n{d^mJmZh© gyú‘V`m H$maUmdñWmHo$ê$n‘| ‘H$‹S>rHo$ ^rVa {dÚ‘mZ Wm, `h ñdrH$maZm n‹S>Vm h¡. OmoVÎd gyú‘ H$maUmdñWm‘| ^rVa {dÚ‘mZ Wm Cgo hrñWybZm‘ê$n{d^mJmh© ê$n‘| ‘H$‹S>r ~mha àH$Q> H$aVr h¡. Bgr Vah{MX{MXmË‘H$ àn§M àb`mdñWm‘| na‘oída‘| AÝV{Z©{hV ahVm h¡Am¡a g¥pîQ>H$mb‘| ñWybê$n‘| ~mha àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. H$m ©-H$maUH$sAZÝ`VmH$m ñdê$n h¡''.

(dht 2&1&14).

h ì`dñWm àb`H$mb Am¡a g¥pîQ>H$mb H$s h¡. naÝVw ‘mojmdñWm‘| OrdMoVZmna‘{edgo VmXmËå` àmßV H$a boVr h¡ :

""O¡go O‹S>ê$n bmohm{X YmVwAm|‘| Vm‘« Am¡a gwdU© Ho$ ê$n‘|

gOmVr` Û¡V ahVm h¡. Bgr Vah Ord Am¡a ~«ô‘ Ho$ ~rM gOmVr`Û¡V ahVm h¡. Vm‘« Am¡a gwdU©H$m gOmVr` Û¡V AMoVZ ag()Ho$ {‘lUH$aZona O¡go Vm‘«Ho$ gwdU© ~Z OmZogo Am¡a ñdm^m{dH$ Vm‘«ËdHo${Zd¥Îm hmo OmZogo {‘Q> OmVm h¡. AWm©V² Vm‘« A~m{YV gwdU©VmgogånÝZ hmo OmVm h¡. Bgr Vah MoVZ Ord na‘oídaH$s CnmgZmHo$Ûmam na‘oídaH$m AZwJ«h àmßV H$aZona A~m{YV {edËdH$mo àmßVH$a boVm h¡''.

(dht 2&1&23). ‘hmà^wZo ewÕmÛ¡VHo$ AÝVJ©V Cnn{Îmnj Ed§ CËn{Îmnj H$m VmaVå`

g‘Pm`m h¡. VXZwgma lrn{VHo$ {deofmÛ¡V‘| CËn{Îm njH$s à‘wIVm {XIbmB©XoVr h¡ :

""g¥pîQ>go nhbo {edepŠVHo$ g§Hw${MVmdñWm‘| hmoZoHo$ H$maUna‘oída {ZJw ©U hmoVm h¡ "{ZîH$b§ {ZpîH«$`§ emÝV§' BË`m{X{ZJw©UVmH$m à{VnmXZ H$aZodmbr lw{V`m§ ‘w»`V`m Bg H$mbH$mobú`‘| aIH$a ~«ô‘H$m {Zê$nU H$aVr h¡. "g B©jmÄMH«o$' BË`m{XgJwUVmH$m à{VnmXZ H$aZodmbr lw{V`m§ g¥pîQ>-CÝ‘wI na‘oídaH$sepŠVH$m... ~moYZ H$aVr h¢. gË`kmZmZÝXñdê$n ~«ô‘ {ed‘|,OJËH$maUVm hmoZona ‘¥{ÎmH$mH$s Vah {dH$m[aVm Zht AmVr. Š`m|{H$"‘m`m§ Vw àH¥$qV {dÚmV²' dMZHo$ AZwgma ‘m`m OJV²H$mCnmXmZH$maU ~ZVr h¡ Am¡a na‘oída {Z{‘ÎmH$maU ~ZVo h¢''.

(dht 1&1&2).

`h Vmo h‘Zo nhbo hr {XIm {X`m h¡ {H$ ‘m`mepŠV Am¡a epŠV‘mZ ~«ô‘‘| oXm oX h¡. Bg Vah g¥pîQ>àmH²$H$mb, g¥pîQ>H$mb VWm àb`H$mb ‘| ñdm^m{dH$oXm oXdmXH$mo ñdrH$maZona r ‘wŠVmË‘m Am¡a na‘mË‘m ‘| VmXmËå`H$mo ñdrH$maZodmbo

lrn{V H$m’$s A§emo‘| ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$m hr nmofU H$aVo h¢.

""gX²dmX+Û¡VmÛ¡Vd¡bjÊ`dmX=ewÕmÛ¡VdmX'' g‘rH$aUgyÌH$s H$gm¡Q>rna


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naIZogo nhbo "{deofmÛ¡V' nX‘| "AÛ¡V' nX Û¡VmË`ÝVm^mdnaH$ h¡ {H$ ^mdê$nÛ¡V{damoYr VmXmËå`naH$ h¡, `h ñnîQ>rH$aU Amdí`H$ h¡. CpëbpIV CÕaUm|H$mgmdYmZV`m ‘ZZ H$aZona `h àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ‘wŠVmË‘m Am¡a na‘mË‘m Ho$~rM, lrn{VHo$ ‘VmZwgma, Û¡VH$m AË`ÝVm^md hmo OmVm h¡. g¥pîQ>-àb`H$mb‘|,naÝVw, OrdmË‘m Am¡a na‘mË‘m Ho$ ~rM Û¡V Am¡a VX²{damoYr mdê$n VmXmËå`gå~ÝYhr ‘mÝ` H$aZm Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ lrn{V ‘m{`H$ oXdmX VWm Ag§g¥îQ> oXdmX H$sVah am‘mZwOr` g§g¥îQ> oXdmXH$m ^r àË`m»`mZ H$a MwHo$ h¢. AV… AJ{VH$V`mVmXmËå`ê$n hr Ad{eîQ> ah OmVm h¡. AWm©V² {deofmÛ¡VdmXHo$ AZwgma g¥pîQ>-àb`mdñWm‘| OrdmË‘m-na‘mË‘mHo$ ~rM ewÕmÛ¡V ‘mZZm Mm{h o VWm ‘wŠVmË‘m-na‘mË‘mHo$ ~rM Ho$dbmÛ¡V ‘mZZm Mm{h o Eogm àVrV hmoVm h¡.

ewÕmÛ¡V-~«ô‘dmXHo$ gwarbo Jm`H$ Zagr ‘hoVm : ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©go Ho$db 56 df© nyd© gm¡amîQ´>‘| OÝ‘o Zagr ‘hoVmHo$

ewÕmÛ¡V-~«ô‘dmXHo$ ‘Ywa JmZH$mo CÕ¥V {H$ o {~Zm Bg n[aÀN>oXH$mo h‘ g‘mßVZht H$a nm`|J|. Zagr ‘hoVmHo$ Xme©{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU‘| hr Zht, {H$ÝVw^pŠVgmYZmg§~§Yr ÑpîQ>H$moU‘| ^r, ‘hmà wHo$ ‘Vgo CëboIZr` g‘mZVm h¡.`h AYmo{bpIV CZHo$ nÚm|go ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡ :

(1)ApIb ~«ô‘m§S>‘| EH$ Vy lrh[a&OwOdo ê$no AZÝV ^mgo&&Xoh‘m§ Xoh Vw§ VoO‘m§ VÎd Vw§&eyÝ`‘m§ eãX WB© doX dmgo&&ndZ Vw§ nmUr Vw§ y{‘ Vw§ yYam&d¥j WB© ’y$br aô`mo AmH$meo&&{d{dY aMZm H$ar AZoH$ ag bodmZo&{ed WH$s Ord W`mo E O Ameo&& (2)OmJrZo OmoD$§ Vmo OJV² Xrgo Zht&D$§K‘m§ AQ>nQ>m ^moJ ^mgo&&

{MÎm M¡VÝ` {dH$ma VX²ê$n N>o&~«ô‘ bQ>H$m H$ao ~«ô‘ nmgo&&doX Vmo E‘ dXo lw{V-ñ‘¥{V gmI Xo&H$ZH$-Hw$ÊS>b {deo oX Ýhmo &&KmQ> K{‹S>`m nN>r Zm‘ê$n OwOdm&AÝVo Vmo ho‘Zw§ ho‘ hmo &&d¥j‘m§ ~rO Vw§ ~rO‘m§ d¥j Vw§&Omodw§ nQ>§Vamo E O nmgo&&OmUo Zag¡ m ‘Z VUr emoYZm&àrV H$é§ ào‘Wr àH$Q> Wmeo&&n§M‘hm yV na~«ô‘Wr CnÝ`m&AUw AUw‘m§ aô`m Vo O diJr&&’y$b Zo ’$b Vo Vmo d¥jZm OmUdm&W‹S> WH$s S>mi Zd hmo AiJr&&

Š`m|{H$ Zagr ‘ohVm, d¡go gm¡amï´>Ho$ e¡d ~«mô‘U Wo, {’$a^r AnZo Hw$N>JwO©a^mfmHo$ nXm|‘| hr ‘hmamï´>Ho$ n§T>anwa‘| {~amO‘mZ JdX²{dJ«h "nm§Sw>a§J {dÆ>b'Zm‘H$m à`moJ ‘amR>r gå~ÝYH$maH$ àË``Ho$ gmW H$aVo h¢, Bggo `m Vmo dmaH$arg§àXm`Ho$ gmW gmjmV² `m na§na`m Ow‹S>o hm|Jo; AVEd CZHo$ ‘mÜ`‘go BZHo${dMmam|na H$mí‘rar àË`{^km Xe©ZH$m à^md n‹S>m hmoJm. O¡gm {H$ Am¡a§Jm~mXHo${ZH$Q> A~ Xm¡bVm~mX naÝVw ‘ybV… Vmo XodJrarHo$ emL²>©XodHo$ g§JrVaËZmH$aHo$AmYmana h‘ {XIbm MwHo$ h¢. AV… H$mí‘raHo$ e¡d àË`{^km ‘VH$m d¡îUdg§ñH$aU h‘| H¥$îU^pŠVHo$ AOò àdmhHo$ ê$n‘| ~hVm hþdm {‘bVm h¡.


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6

npíM‘r {MÝVZ‘| ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$m ñdê$n

‘hmà w Am¡a pñnZmoOm : ^maVr` Xe©ZHo$ B{Vhmg‘| ‘hmà wH$m dhr ñWmZ h¡ Omo wamonr` AmYw{ZH$

Xe©ZHo$ B{Vhmg‘| ~méH$ pñnZmoµOm ({d.g§. 1688-1733)H$m ñWmZ ñdrH$maZmn‹S>Vm h¡.

XmoZm| hr Xme©{ZH$ Bg O‹S>OrdmË‘H$ OJV²H$mo na‘mË‘mH$m n[aUm‘(‹modification ‹) ‘mZVo h¢. O¡go ‘hmà w O‹S> dñVwH$mo gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘Ho$gX§eH$m n[aUm‘ ‘mZVo h¢ VWm OrdmË‘mH$mo {MX§eH$m, d¡go hr pñnZmoµOm ^r O‹S>dñVw Am¡a OrdMoVZm H$mo ~«ô‘Ho$ JwU `m ~«ô‘Ho$ JwUm|H$m n[aUm‘ ‘mZVo h¢. O¡go‘hmà w Ag§»` Zm‘-ê$nm|go K{Q>V Bg OJV²Ho$ AmYma yV VÎdH$mo EH$‘odm{ÛVr`VWm Xoe-H$mb-dñVwHo$ n[aÀN>oXgo a{hV ‘mZVo h¢, Eogo hr pñnZmoµOmHo$ AZwgma^r na‘mË‘m hr Bg OJV²‘| Ðì`ê$n h¡, ~mH$s g~ Hw$N> CgH$s EH$‘odm{ÛVr`VmEd§ An[apÀN>ÝZVmHo$ ÚmoVH$ JwU-Y‘© `m JwU-Y‘©Ho$ n[aUm‘ h¢.

""God is one, that is, only one substance can be granted in theuniverse & that one substance is absolutely infinite...it follows,that extension & thought are either attributes of God ormodifications of the attributes of God'' (The Ethics 4).

pñnZmoµOmH$mo na‘mË‘ì`gZr God-intoxicated H$hm OmVm h¡. `h EH$‘OoXma AmH$pñ‘H$ g§ moJ h¡ {H$ ‘hmà w ^r OrdZH$s H¥$VmW©Vm na‘mË‘mHo$ì`gZ‘| hr ñdrH$maVo h¢: ""`Xm ñ`mX² ì`gZ§ H¥$îUo H¥$VmW©… ñ`mV² VX¡d {h''(^pŠVd{Y©Zr). O¡go {gßZmoOm na‘mË‘mHo$ à{V ~m¡{ÕH$ ñZohH$s Amdí`H$Vm‘mZVm h¡ d¡go ‘hmà w ^r-

‘mhmËå`kmZnyd©ñVw gwÑT>… gd©Vmo{YH$…& ñZohmo ^pŠV[a{V àmoŠV… V`m ‘wpŠVa² ZMmÝ`Wm&&

-Bg dMZHo$ AZwgma ^pŠVHo$ ñdê$n‘| kmZ Ed§ ñZoh H$m nydm©na^mdñdrH$maVo h¢. na‘mË‘mH$s ~«ô‘dmXr ‘hÎmmH$mo ^br^m§{V g‘P boZoHo$ ~mXOrdmË‘m‘| na‘mË‘mHo$ à{V {Zénm{YH$ ñZoh àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ dhr ^pŠVH$mdmñV{dH$ ñdê$n h¡.

Ag§»` Zm‘ Ed§ ê$nm| H$m {dñVma h¡ `h OJV². BZ AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$nm|H$moYmaU H$aZodmbm VÎd ‘mZ| `m ì`pŠV, {H$ÝVw, na‘mË‘m EH$ hr h¡. pñnZmoµOmHo$‘V‘| na‘mË‘m EH$ VÎd h¡. {H$ÝVw ‘hmà wHo$ ‘V‘| na‘mË‘m EH$ Xoe-H$mb-dñVwHo$ n[aÀN>oXgo a{hV Aì`ŠV VÎd ^r h¡ Am¡a gmH$ma-ì`pŠV ^r. dhAn[apÀN>ÝZ Aì`ŠV {ZamH$ma Aja~«ô‘ h¡ Am¡a gJwU-gmH$ma na~«ô‘ nwéfmoÎm‘lrH¥$îU ^r. EH$ hr VÎdH$m AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$nm|‘| {dñVma hmoVm h¡. Û¡VK{Q>VZm‘ê$nm|H$s AZoH$Vm‘| ^r {H$gr EH$ VmpÎdH$ EH$VmH$s ñdrH¥${V hr, BZ XmoZm|Xme©{ZH$m|H$s d¡Mm[aH$ AZoH$Vm‘| EH$VmH$m gyÌ h¡.

n[aUm‘dmXHo$ {gÕmÝVHo$ AZwgma `hm§ ZdrZ Hw$N> ^r n¡Xm Zht hmoVm h¡,Omo Hw$N> n¡Xm hmoVm h¡ dh {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n‘| nyd©pñWV H$maUH$m hr Hw$N> Wmo‹S>o-~hþV hoa-’o$aHo$ gmW ê$nmÝVa‘mÌ hmoVm h¡. Amaå^dmXHo$ AZwgma àË oH$ H$m ©EH$ ZyVZ Amaå^ h¡. n[aUm‘dmXHo$ AZwgma Omo gå^mdZm | H$maU‘| {Z{hVahVr h¡ CZH$m ~mha àH$Q> hmo OmZm hr H$m ©H$m CËnÝZ hmoZm h¡. gËH$m ©dmX Am¡agËH$maUdmX, AVEd, n[aUm‘dmXH$s n¥ð> y{‘‘| A{Zdm ©V`m CnpñWV ahVo h¢.AVEd n[aUm‘dmXHo$ VH$mOoH$mo XoIVo hþdo pñnZmoµOm Ûmam {dH${gV Xme©{ZH${dMmaYmamHo$ CËg CgHo$ nyd©dVu wZmZr Xme©{ZH$m|; VWm ‘Ü`H$mbrZ B©gmB©Am¡a `hÿXr Xme©{ZH$m|, Ho$ {MÝVZ‘| ImoOo Om gH$Vo h¢.

àmapå^H$ wZmZr Xe©Z‘| ewÕmÛ¡VdmXHo$ ~rO :

npíM‘r {MÝVZ‘| ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$m ñdê$n gmH$ma ~«÷dmX


162 163

{d.nyd© 544Ho$ Amgnmg n¡Xm hþdo WoëgH$s YmaUm Wr {H$ `h OJV² AnZrg‘ñV {d{dYVmAm|H$mo {b o hþdo EH$ Obê$n ‘yb VÎdgo àH$Q> hþdm h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX AZ°pŠg‘|Xa ({d.ny.554-490)Zo H$hm Wm {H$ BZ Ag§»`Zm‘-ê$nm|dmbo OJV²H$m H$maU H$moB© ^r gmÝV VÎd Zht hmo gH$Vm. AV… CgZ|EH$ ""AZÝV'' (the infinite‹) VÎdH$s H$ënZm àñVwV H$s Wr. Cg EH$ AZÝVVÎdH$s AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$nm|‘| n[aU{V h¡ `h g‘yMm OmJ{VH$ {dñVma.

EH$ Am¡a {MÝVH$ AZ°pŠg‘mB©Z ({d.ny.465)Ho$ AZwgma OJV²H$m ‘ybH$maUdm wVÎd Wm.

h°amŠbrQ²>g ({d.ny.479-419)Ho$ AZwgma, à{VjU n[adV©ZerbVm BgOJV²Ho$ ‘ybV… Ap½ZVÎd hmoZoH$m ‘yb à‘mU h¡. Ob AWdm dm w‘| à{VjUn[adV©ZerbVm CVZr ñnîQ>V`m ^m{gV Zht hmoVr h¡, {OVZr {H$ Ap½ZH$s CnaCR> CR>H$a {dbrZ hmoVr ÁdmbmAm|‘| dh ^m{gV hmoVr h¡.

o g^r {MÝVH$ AZw y ‘mZ AZoH$Vm‘| {H$gr EH$ AmYma yV ‘ybVÎdH$moImoO aho Wo. CëboIZr` Bg‘| `hr h¡ {H$ BZ wZmZr Xme©{ZH$m|Zo ‘ybVÎdH$moImoOZoH$s YwZ‘| H$^r AZw y ‘mZ AZoH$VmH$mo {‘Ï`m Zht ‘mZm. BZH$s {MÝVZ`mÌmgo{Og nJX§S>rH$m {Z‘m©U hþdm, Cgna Hw$N> AmJo ~‹T>Zona, `wZmZr Xme©{ZH${MÝVZHo$ H«$‘e… CnË`H$m A{YË`H$m Am¡a {eIa Ho$ O¡go gwH«$mV ({d.ny.440-343) ßbmVmo ({d.ny. 371-251) Am¡a AañVw ({d.ny. 328-266)Ho${MÝVZHo$ CÀM y mJ VH$ h‘ nhþ§M OmVo h¢. BZHo$ {MÝVZZo EH$ Z`m {ZImawZmZr Xe©ZH$mo {X`m Wm.

gwH«$mVH$m {MÝVZ dñVwV… {H$VZm gwH$amVH$m Wm Am¡a {H$VZo {dMmaßbmVmoZo IwXHo$ hr gwH$amVHo$ ‘wI‘| aI {X o h¡, `h n¥WH²$H$aU A~ XwîH$a H$m ©h¡. {’$a ^r ßbmVmoHo$ Xe©Z‘| h‘| EH$ {dbjU àH$maHo$ àË``dmX VWmÛ¡VdmXHo$ Xe©Z hmoVo h¢.

ßbmVmoHo$ AZwgma OJV² Xmo VÎdm|go K{Q>V h¡ : àW‘ àË`` Am¡a {ÛVr`Ðì`. ^m¡{VH$ Ðì` (matter‹) ‘| n[adV©ZerbVm Ìw{Q> Ed§ Ag‘§OgVm {XIbmB©XoVr h¡. BgHo$ {dnarV àË`` (idea‹) An[adV©Zerb Ìw{Q>a{hV Ed§ n[anyU©hmoVo h¢. CXmhaUV`m Q>o~b² EH$ ^m¡{VH$ Ðì`Ho$ ê$n‘| n[adV©Zerb hmoVm h¡-~ZZoHo$ gmW hr eZ¡… eZ¡… nwamZm n‹S>Vm OmVm h¡-a§J ’$sH$m n‹S> gH$Vm h¡-H$htgo Hw$N> VyQ>-’y$Q> hmo gH$Vr h¡-CgHo$ {Z‘m©U‘| ^r Hw$N> Im{‘`m§ ah gH$Vrh¡, o gmao Xmof gå^d h¡. naÝVw Q>o~b²H$m Omo AmXe© àË`` h‘mao ‘ZHo$ ^rVahmoVm h¡, dh Z Vmo n[adV©Zerb hmoVm h¡, Z nwamZm n‹S>Vm h¡, Z CgH$m a§J ’$sH$mn‹S> gH$Vm h¡, Z Cg‘| H$moB© VyQ>-’y$Q> gå^d h¡ Am¡a Z {H$gr VahH$s H$moB© Im‘rhr Cg‘| ‘mZr Om gH$Vr h¡. àË oH$ ^m¡{VH$ Q>o~b² Bg AmXe© àË``ê$nQ>o~b²H$s Ag‘§Og-An[anyU© AZwH¥${V hmoVm h¡. Bg Vah àË oH$ ^m¡{VH$ dñVwAnZo A^m¡{VH$ àË``H$s Ag‘§Og à{VH¥${V hmoZona ^r àË``H$s {Xem‘|{dH${gV hmoZoH$mo AJ«ga hmoVr ahVr h¡. AnyU©Vmgo nyU©VmH$s Amoa `h `mÌmMbVr hr ahVr h¡. àË oH$ ^m¡{VH$ dñVwH$mo Bg AW©‘| A^m¡{VH$ àË``H$m H$m ©‘mZm OmVm h¡. g§nyU© OJV²H$m ‘yb yV EH$ gm‘mÝ` àË`` na‘mË‘mHo$ ‘Z‘|AdpñWV hmoVm h¡, {Oggo ^m¡{VH$ dñVw CËnÝZ hþB© h¡ Am¡a {OgH$s Ag‘§OgÌw{Q>nyU© à{VH¥${V àË oH$ ^m¡{VH$ Ðì` hmoVm h¡.

h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ßbmVmoHo$ Xe©Z‘| `h ñnîQ> Zht hmoVm Wm {H$ ^m¡{VH$Ðì`m|H$m CnmXmZH$maU Š`m h¡, Š`m na‘mË‘mHo$ ‘Z‘| AdpñWV àË`` OJV²H$mCnmXmZH$maU h¡, O¡go Q>o~b²H$m CnmXmZH$maU bH$S>r ~ZVr h¡; `m O¡go gwVmaHo$‘Z‘| pñWV Q>o~b²H$m àË`` ^m¡{VH$ Q>o~b²H$m Ho$db {Z{‘ÎmH$maU hmoVm h¡. BgrVah na‘mË‘mHo$ ‘Z‘| pñWV OJV²H$m ‘hmàË`` OJV²H$m Ho$db {Z{‘ÎmH$maU hr~ZVm h¡. àË`` `{X Ho$db {Z{‘ÎmH$maU hr ~ZVm hmo Vmo OJV²‘| ^m¡{VH$Ðì`H$mo Š`m AZm{X H$maUa{hV ‘mZZm Mm{h o `m {’$a CËn{Îm-{dZmeerbhmoZoHo$ H$maU àË``go {^ÝZ {H$gr CnmXmZH$maUH$s H$ënZm H$aZr Mm{h o. oàíZ g‘mYmZ MmhVo Wo Am¡a ßbmVmoHo$ {eî` AañVwZo Bg {Xem‘| AJ«ga hmoH$awZmZr {MÝVZH$mo EH$ ZdJ[a‘mgo ‘pÊS>V {H$`m.

AañVwZo Mma àH$maHo$ H$maUm|Ho$ n¥WH²$H$aUH$m EH$ gwPmd {X`m:


164 165

1. àË``H$maU 2. CnmXmZH$maU 3. {Z{‘ÎmH$maU 4. à`moOZ `m Ma‘ H$maU

`{X ^m¡{VH$ Q>o~b²H$m CXmhaU boHo$ XoI| Vmo CgH$m àË`` gwVmaHo$ ‘Z‘|Z hmo Vmo dh Q>o~b²Ho$ {Z‘m©U‘| gj‘ Zht hmo nm oJm. naÝVw Ho$db ‘Z‘| àË``H$m{dÚ‘mZ hmoZm n`m©ßV Zht hmoVm, gwVmaH$mo Q>o~b²Ho$ {Z‘m©UhoVw CnmXmZ-H$maUbH$S>r VWm {Z{‘Îm-H$maU AZoH$ AmoOmam|H$s ^r Anojm ahVr hr h¡. `h g~Hw$N> hmoZona ^r Q>o~b²Ho$ {Z‘m©UÛmam {H$gr ^r VahHo$ à`moOZH$s ny{V© eŠ` Zhmo, Vmo ì`W© hr H$moB© ^r gwVma Q>o~b²Ho$ {Z‘m©UHo$ Am`mg‘| CbPZm Zht MmhoJm.Bg Vah OJV²H$mo H$m`© ‘mZZona OJV²Ho$ MVw{d©Y H$maUm|H$s ^r {Okmgmàmg§{JH$ ~Z OmVr h¡.

EH$ ‘µOoXma ~mV `h h¡ {H$ AnZo Jwé ßbmVmoH$s YmaUmHo$ {dnarV AañVw`h ‘mZVm Wm {H$ dñVwH$m àË`` dñVwHo$ ~mha Zht {H$ÝVw dñVwHo$ ^rVa {Z{hVhmoVm h¡. AÝ`Wm àË``H$s {Xem‘| (AnZo AmXe© àË``H$s Amoa) dñVwH$m{dH$mg gå^d Z ah nmòJm. {ZîH$f©ê$noU `h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$n[adV©ZerbVm Am¡a An[adV©ZerbVm Ìw{Q>nyU©Vm Am¡a Ìw{Q>a{hVVm Am{XHo$ Û¡VEH$ hr dñVwHo$ ~mhar Am¡a rVar Xmo nhbw h¢. {X ‘hmà wH$mo ‘mÝ` ewÕmÛ¡VXe©ZH$sn[a^mfm‘| H$h| Vmo Bgo A{dH¥$V (A^m¡{VH$ àË``)H$m (^m¡{VH$) n[aUm‘ H$hmOm gH$Vm h¡. AañVwHo$ {MÝVZ‘| ^m¡{VH$ Ðì` Am¡a A^m¡{VH$ àË`` Ho$ ~rMnwZ… EH$ àH$maHo$ bMrbo A oXH$s ñWmnZmH$m à`mg ñnîQ> PbH$ ahm h¡,AañVwHo$ Û¡VdmXr hmoZona ^r.

{dH«$‘nyd© 26 ‘| n¡Xm hþE `hþXr {MÝVH$ ’$sbmoZo AnZo EHo$ídadmXr Y‘©VWm ßbmVmoHo$ àË``dmXr Xe©Z H$m g‘pÝdV ê$n CnñWm{nV {H$`m. na‘oídaAm¡a OJV² Ho$ ~rM Û¡V ñdrH$maVo hþE ^r, `h na‘oída‘| EH$ Eogo {dbjUgm‘Ï ©H$s H$ënZm H$aVm h¡ {H$ {OgHo$ Ûmam na‘oída OJV²H$s g¥pîQ> H$aVm h¡.

Bg gm‘Ï ©H$mo dh ""bmoJm°g'' H$hVm h¡. `Ú{n ñdê$noU na‘mË‘m ^m¡{VH$OJV²go Agån¥ŠV hr ahVm h¡, {H$ÝVw AnZo Bg nydm}ŠV gm‘Ï ©go dh OJV²H$mg¥îQ>m ~ZVm h¡. ’$sbmoHo$ AZwgma OmJ{VH$ dñVwAm|H$m àË``-bmJm°g `màmê$n, O¡go {H$gr ‘y{V©H$m àmê$n ‘y{V©H$maHo$ ‘Z‘| nyd©pñWV ahVm h¡ d¡go hr,na‘oídaHo$ ‘Z‘| AdpñWV Wm. VXZwgma bmoJm°gHo$ gm‘Ï ©go `h gmam OJV² aMmJ`m h¡. `h bmoJm°g OJV²H$m {Z{‘ÎmH$maU ~ZVm h¡ {H$ CnmXmZ-H$maU; AWdmA{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZ-H$maU h ñnîQ>V`m kmV Zht hmo nmVm. Ym{‘©H$ EHo$ídadmX,{H$ÝVw, ’$sbmo O¡gm dŠVm nmH$a Xme©{ZH$ dmUr‘| àH$Q> hmoZoH$m à`mg H$a ahmWm.

yamonH$m àW‘ ewÕmÛ¡Vr : ßbmo{Q>Zg nadVu H$mb‘| ßbmo{Q>Zg ({d.g§.260-325)Zo r ’$sbmoH$s Vah ßbmVmoH$s,

àË``dmXr YmaUm ñdrH$maH$a OJV²H$mo ~«ô‘n[aUm‘ ‘mZZoH$s ~hþV amoMH$à{H«$`m d{U©V H$s h¡.

ßbmo{Q>ZgHo$ AZwgma na‘oídaH$s VrZ AdñWm h¡ : àW‘ EH$‘odm{ÛVr`Y{‘© yV na‘mË‘m (‹The One‹), {ÛVr` Bg na‘mË‘mH$s Y‘© yV MoVZm (Onus);

VWm V¥Vr` OrdmË‘m (Soul ‹). gy ©go {Z…g¥V àH$me O¡go-O¡go Xya hmoVm OmVm h¡d¡go-d¡go jrUgo jrUVa hmoVm OmVm h¡. Bgr Vah EH$‘odm{ÛVr` Y{‘© yVna‘mË‘mgo ì wÀM[aV hmoH$a Y‘© yV MoVZm O~ gy ©go {H$aUm|H$s Vah ~mhaAmVr h¡, V~ Hw$N> jrU àH$me {b o hþE hmoVr h¡. Hw$N> Am¡a Xya OmZona dhàH$meepŠV Am¡a jrU hmo OmVr h¡, `hr h‘mar ì`pŠVMoVZmHo$ AënkmZH$m hoVw~ZVm h¡. A{YH$ Xya Mbo OmZona àH$meepŠV gd©Wm bwßV hmo OmVr h¡. Bg Vahì`pŠVMoVZmH$s AdñWmgo ^r Xya nhþ§M OmZo na dh gd©Wm O‹S> ^m¡{VH$ Ðì`H$mê$n bo boVr h¡.

‘hmà wHo$ ‘VHo$ gmW ßbmo{Q>ZgHo$ {dMmam|H$m ‘ob ñnîQ> ZOa AmVm h¡.Š`m|{H$ ‘hmà wHo$ AZwgma ^r EH$‘odm{ÛVr` gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘‘|go AmZÝXm§eHo$B©fV² {VamoYmZgo Aja~«ô‘Ho$ ê$nH$s ì`m»`m Xr J`r h¡. Bg Aja~«ô‘H$mona~«ô‘ nwéfmoÎm‘H$m Y‘©ñWmZr` ‘mZm J`m h¡. JrVm (8&21)‘| ^JdmZZo


166 167

Aja~«ô‘H$mo AnZm Ym‘ ‘mZm h¡, "Ym‘' eãXH$m AW© A‘aH$moe‘|""J¥hXohpËdQ²>à^mdm Ym‘m{Z'' {X`m J`m h¡. R>rH$ BÝht Mmam| AWm]‘| gmH$mana~«ô‘ VWm {ZamH$ma-An[apÀN>ÝZ Aja~«ô‘H$m nañna gå~ÝY ‘hmà wH$mo‘mÝ` h¡. O¡go gy © AnZo à^m‘ÊS>bHo$ ~rM‘| ahVm h¡, R>rH$ Bgr Vah gmH$manwéfmoÎm‘ lrH¥$îU AnZo An[apÀN>ÝZ à^m‘ÊS>bHo$ O¡go AjaYm‘‘| ahVo h¢.{’$a ^r gy © Am¡a à^m‘ÊS>bHo$ ~rM O¡go nañna Y‘u Am¡a Y‘© hmoZoH$m gå~ÝYh¡, d¡go hr na~«ô‘ nwéfmoÎm‘ lrH¥$îU gy ©{nÊS>H$s Vah gmH$ma Y‘u h¡; VWmAn[apÀN>ÝZ {ZamH$ma Aja~«ô‘ à^m‘ÊS>bH$s Vah Y‘©ê$n hmoVm h¡. lrH¥$îUHo$J¥hmon‘ {Xì`bmoH$ VWm ^ŠVöX` H$mo, AVEd Aja~«ô‘ ‘mZm OmVm h¡ Am¡aJ¥hr ñd`§ lrH¥$îUH$mo. ßbmo{Q>ZgH$m gy`©-apí‘H$m CXmhaU ì`mggyÌ‘| ^rCnbãY hmoVm hr h¡-""àH$meml`dX² dm VoOñËdmX²'' (~«.gy.3&2&28).

O¡go ßbmo{Q>Zg àH$meZepŠVH$s jrUVmH$s ~mV H$aVm h¡ d¡go hr ‘hmà wHo$‘V‘| ^r Eogr H«${‘H$ jrUVmHo$ O¡gr à{H«$`m d{U©V hþB© h¡.

1Ym‘ hmoZoHo$ ÑpîQ>H$moUgo XoIZona Aja~«ô‘‘| Ym‘r na~«ô‘1.""àH¥${V… nwéfíMmo^m¡ na‘mË‘m A^dËnwam, `Ðÿn§ g‘{YîR>m`

VXja‘wXr`©Vo, AmZÝXm§e{Vamo^md… gËd‘mÌoU VÌ {h...BÀN>m‘mÌmV²{Vamo md… Vñ`m`‘wnM ©Vo, ~«ô‘Hy$Q>ñWmì`ŠVm{XeãX¡a² dmÀ`mo {ZaÝVa‘²''.""gpÀMXmZ§Xê$nofw nyd© moaÝ`brZVm (g{V {MXmZ§XY‘© mopñVamo md… {M{VAmZ§Xñ`...Ed§ ñdê$no d¡OmË`‘² CŠËdm Zm‘Vmo{n d¡OmË`‘² Amh-) O‹S>moOrdmoÝVamË‘o{V ì`dhma… (gd©ñ`m{n ^JdËdo O‹S>m{XnXà`moJmo ì`dhma…){ÌYm ‘V…'' ""{d`Xm{X OJV² g¥îQ ² >dm VXm{dí` {Ûê$nV…OrdmÝV`m©{‘ oXoZ H«$sS>{V ñ‘ h[a… Šd{MV²''(V.Xr.{Z.2&98-100, 1&29-30,39).

nwê$fmoÎm‘ lrH¥$îU {ZË`m{d y©V ahVo h¢, naÝVw Aja~«ô‘Ho$ ñdê$nna ÑpîQ>nmVH$aZona Aja~«ô‘‘| Y‘©ê$n AmZÝXm§eH$mo B©fV² {Vamo{hV ‘mZm J`m h¡. Bgr VahOrdmË‘m AWm©V² ì`pŠVMoVZm‘| ñdê$nÑpîQ>go Y{‘©ê$n AmZÝXm§e nyU©V`m {Vamo{hV‘mZm J`m h¡, naÝVw àË oH$ OrdmË‘mHo$ ^rVa AÝV`m©‘rHo$ ê$n‘| na‘mË‘m AWm©V²Y{‘©ê$n AmZÝXH$s {ZË`pñW{V ‘mZr J`r h¡. Aja~«ô‘‘| Y‘©ê$n AmZÝXH$mO¡go B©fV² {Vamo md h¡ d¡go OrdmË‘m‘| Y‘©ê$n AmZÝXm§eH$m B©fV² Am{d^m©d h¡.^m¡{VH$ Ðì`m|‘| ñdê$nÑpîQ>go Y‘©-Y‘u C^`ê$n AmZÝXH$m nyU© {VamoYmZ ‘mZm

J`m h¡. Bgr Vah ñdê$nÑpîQ>go {MX§eH$m ^r nyU© {VamoYmZ ‘mZm J`m h¡ na§Vw^m¡{VH$ O‹S> XohH$mo AmYma ~ZmH$a {MX§e OrdmË‘m dhm§ àH$Q> hmo gH$Vr h¡.

Bg Vah EH$‘odm{ÛVr` Y{‘©ê$n gpÀMXmZÝX na~«ô‘Ho$ Y‘©ê$n gÎmmM¡VÝ` Ed‘² AmZÝË` H$m {dñVma H«$‘e… Aja~«ô‘, Ord Am¡a O‹S>Ho$ ê$nm|‘|‘mÝ` {H$`m J`m h¡.

Xoe-H$mbHo$ BVZo b§~o-MmoSo> AÝVambHo$ ~mdOyX^r ßbmo{Q>Zg Am¡a ‘hmà wH$s {dMmaYmam | EH$-XygaoHo$ {H$VZr {ZH$Q> ~h ahr h¡

Om°Z ñH$mQ>g E[aOoZmH$m ewÕmÛ¡VdmX ‘Ü``wJrZ `yamonr` {MÝVH$m|‘| `{X H$moB© {MÝVH$ ‘hmà^wHo$ gdm©{YH$

{ZH$Q> h¡ Vmo dh h¡: Om°Z ñH$mQ²>g E[aOoZm ({d. g§. 866-933). h ñd § B©gmB©hmoZona ^r ñdVÝÌ {MÝVH$ Wm, Am¡a OJV² VWm na‘oûda Ho$ ~rM AôXñdrH$maVm Wm. O¡go gm§»èmñÌ‘| MVw{d©Y VËd ‘mZo J o h¡ :

(1) ‘yb-àH¥${Va{dH¥${V… (2) ‘hmXmÚm… àH¥${V{dH¥$V`… gßV… (3) fmoS>eH$ñVw {dH$mamo (4) Z àH¥${V… Z {dH¥${V… nwéf…

(gm§»`H$m[aH$m)

R>rH$ Eogo hr eãXmo‘| Om°Z ñH$mQ²>g E[aOoZm ^r na‘mË‘mHo$ MVw{d©Y ê$nñdrH$maVm h¡ :

(1) H$V¥©ê$n `m H$maUê$n ""creator god''

(2) H$m ©-H$maU-C^`ê$n ""ideas, in God, are created andcreate.

(3) Ho$db H$m ©ê$n ""The spatio-temporal is created.

(4) H$m ©-H$maUmVrVê$n à`moOZGod, as total aim, is notcreated, not creates.


168 169

(Ð.B.Russell:Wisdom of the West).

na‘mË‘mHo$ BZ MVw{d©Y ê$nm|‘| ê$nJV ôXHo$ {ddoMZHo$ ~mdOyX EH$VmpÎdH$ AÛ¡VH$s ñdrH¥${V Om°ZH$mo ‘hmà wHo$ AË`{YH$ {ZH$Q> bo AmVr h¡.VÎdmW©Xrn-{Z~§YHo$ {ÛVr` gd©{ZU© àH$aU‘| ‘hmà wZo ^r Bg VahHo$ MVw{d©Yê$nm|H$m dU©Z {H$`m h¡. do H$hVo h¢:

""à‘o VÎd EH$‘mÌ ^JdmZ² lrh[a hr h¢. do gJwU ^r h¢ Am¡a {ZJw©U^r. OJV²‘| AZw^y`‘mZ AZoH${dY JwU, H$m`©, Y‘©, CËn{Îm-pñW{V-d¥{Õ-{dn[aU{V-Anj`-Zme ê$nr {H«$`mE§ Am{X g^r Hw$N> Cg EH$na‘mË‘mHo$ AZoH$ ê$n h¢. {’$a ^r ~w{Õgm¡H$`m©W© VrZ ê$nm|H$m n¥WH²$H$aUeŠ` h¡ : (1)H$maUH$mo{Q> (2)H$m ©H$mo{Q> (3)ñdê$nH$mo{Q>.

(1)gÎd-aO-V‘moJwUH$s Ì`r, àH¥${V-nwéf, ‘hX², Ah§H$ma, n§MVÝ‘mÌm,Xe{dY H$‘©-kmZ-BpÝÐ`m§, ‘Z Am¡a n§M‘hm yV - o Hw$b 28 VÎd na‘mË‘mHo$H$maUH$mo{Q>Ho$ ê$n h¢.

BZ‘| Ho$db EH$ "nwéf'VÎdH$mo N>moS>H$a Ad{eîQ> 27 VÎd, gpÀMXmZÝX~«ô‘Ho$ gX§eê$n hmoZogo, ñWybH$m ©ê$n O‹S> OJV²Ho$ n[aUm‘r-CnmXmZ-H$maUê$nh¢. {MX§e nwéf, gm§»èmñÌr` à{H«$`mHo$ AZwgma hr, ""Z àH¥${V… Z {dH¥${V…nwéf…'' hmoZogo n[aUm‘-CnmXmZê$n H$maU Z hmoZona ^r {Z{‘ÎmH$maU `mAmYmaH$maU ~ZVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ nwéf Am¡a àH¥${V Ho$ g§ moJgo hr g‘yMm ñWybOJV² ñdê$nbm^ H$aVm h¡. AVEd n[aUm‘-H$maU Z hmoZona r Bgo H$maUH$mo{Q>‘|{Z{dîQ> {H$`m J`m h¡.

~«ô‘m§S>H$s CËn{ÎmHo$ ~mao‘| Omo Xmo AmYw{ZH$ CËàojm H$s J`r h¢ {H$ H$moB©H$hVm h¡ {H$ EH$ ~‹S>o Y‘mHo$Ho$ gmW ~«ô‘m§S>H$s CËn{Îm hþB© (Big Bang

Theory ‹), Am¡a Bg YmaUmHo$ {damoYr {MÝVH$ {Za§Va {dñVaUerb ~«ô‘m§S>H$s(Expanding universe theory ‹) YmaUm àñVwV H$aVo h¢. BZ nañna {damoYrYmaUmAm|H$m Hw$N> g‘pÝdVê$n dmëb^‘V‘| ‘mÝ` {H$`m J`m h¡. Zm‘ê$nHo$ BgAgr‘ {dñVma ‘| VÎmX² ~«ô‘m§S>H$s CËn{Îm‘| CX² oXH$s à{H«$`mHo$ Ûmam Y‘mH$mdmX

ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. Aja~«ô‘‘| {H$ÝVw, AZÝVH$moQ>r ~«ô‘m§S> ñdrH$mao J o h¢. OmoàH$Q> Ed§ brZ hmoVo ahVo h¢. Aì`ŠV Aja~«ô‘‘| nydm}ŠV 28 VËdm|Ho$ ê$nm| H$s{ZaÝVa {dñVma{H«$`m `m A{^ì`pŠV ^r {dñVmadmXHo$ AZwgma hmoVr ahVr h¡.o gyú‘ê$n ~«ô‘mÊS>m|Ho$ ê$n‘| g§{nÊS>rH¥$V hmoVo h¢ Am¡a AÊS>mH¥${V YmaU H$aVo

h¢. AÊS>Ho$ CX oXZ hmoZona ñWyb ê$nm|H$m àmH$Q>ç hmoVm h¡. Bg AW©‘| BÝh|~«ô‘Ho$ H$maUH$moQ>rH$m ê$n ‘mZm J`m h¡. Cg namoj Aì`ŠV Aja~«ô‘Ho$ oAnamoj ì`ŠV JwUY‘© `m ê$n (VV²+Ëd) h¢. Bg{bE BÝh| ""VËd'' H$hm OmVmh¡. (Ð : gw~moYrZr.3&6&2-33 Ed§ V.Xr.{Z.à.2&84-121).

(2) na‘mË‘mHo$ H$m ©ê$nm|H$s JUZm `m dJuH$aU Ag§ d h¡. Š`m|{H$ BgAgr‘ ~«ô‘mÊS>‘| ì`ŠV hþE g^r Ag§»` ê$n ~«ô‘Ho$ H$m ©H$moQ>rHo$ ê$n h¢.

gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘ AnZr gÎmm AWdm gX§e Ho$ Ûmam O~ {H$gr ê$nH$moàH$Q> H$aVm h¡ Vmo CZ Xm|Zm| Ho$ ~rM H$m ©-H$maU hmoZoH$s ~mV H$hr Om gH$Vrh¡.

{OgHo$ {Z`VV`m nyd©{dÚ‘mZ (gV²) hmoZona, Omo dñVw àH$Q> hmoVr h¡, CgdñVwH$mo, AnZo nyd©dVuH$m, H$m © ‘mZm OmVm h¡. AV… gX§eH$mo ~rM‘| bm o{~Zm H$m ©-H$maU^mdH$s ì`m»`m Xr Zht Om gH$Vr. AVEd AmZÝXm§e `m{MX§e Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ê$nm|‘|, ‘ybê$n-AdmÝVaê$n `m A§eê$n-A§erê$n O¡gogå~ÝYm|H$mo ‘mÝ` H$aZona ^r, nañna H$m ©-H$maU hmoZoH$m gå~ÝY ‘mÝ` Zht{H$`m OmVm. `h ~mV Am¡a h¡ {H$ H$moB© ^r AmZÝX A{MX²ê$n Zht hmo gH$Vm,AV… AmZÝXHo$ ñdê$n Ed‘² àË``‘| M¡VÝ` AÝV y©V ahVm hr h¡. Bgr Vah{H$gr ^r AgX²dñVw‘| M¡VÝ` JwUH$s H$ënZm Zht H$s Om gH$Vr. AV… {MV²Ho$ñdê$n Ed‘² àË`` ‘| gÎmm AÝV y©V ahVr h¡. AVEd AUwn[a‘mU ì`pîQ>AÝV`m©‘rH$mo A§e VWm g‘pîQ>-AÝV`m©‘rH$mo A§er ‘mZm OmVm h¡. AmZÝXm§eHo$njH$mo XoIVo hþE, Bgr Vah AUwn[a‘mU ì`pîQ>MoVZmH$mo A§e VWm BZH$sg‘îQ>r nwéfH$mo A§er ‘mZm OmVm h¡, {MX§eHo$ njH$mo XoIVo hþE; Bg nwéfH$monwZ… AdmÝVa ê$n VWm Aja~«ô‘H$mo ‘ybê$n ‘mZm OmVm h¡, {’$a ^r BZHo$ ~rMnañna H$m ©-H$maU hmoZoH$m gå~ÝY, {MX§e `m AmZÝXm§e Ho$ nhbwgo, ‘mÝ`


170 171

Zht {H$`m OmVm h¡. AVEd OrdM¡VÝ`H$mo Am¡a ì`pîQ> AÝV`m©‘rHo$ AmZÝXH$moAZm{X-AZÝV ‘mZm J`m h¡. ‘hmà^w H$hVo h¢-""H$maUËd§ ZM¡d ApñV{MXmZÝXm§e`mo… ñdV…'' (V.Xr.{Z.2&87).

AmZÝX AmZÝXËdoZ H$maU Zht ~ZVm, gËdoZ ~Z gH$Vm h¡; Am¡a {MV²{MËdoZ H$maU Zht ~ZVm, gËdoZ ~Z gH$Vm h¡. {MV² `m AmZÝX AgV² hmo ZhtgH$Vo. Š`m|{H$ {MV² Am¡a AmZÝX‘| gÎmm AZwŠV{gÕ h¡ AV… ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢""{MXmZÝX`mo… H$maUËdm^mdmV² EH$ñ` ’$bËd‘² Anañ` ñdê$nËd‘²''(gd©{Z.87). AV… O~ H$maUVm Zht Vmo H$m ©Vm ^r Zht, {’$a ^r AmZ§Xm§eH$mo’$bê$n ‘mZZm Mm{hE Am¡a {MX§eH$mo ñdê$n-ê$n.

Bggo {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ gX§eHo$ A§VJ©V Xmo H$mo{Q>`m§ AmVr h¡ : (1)H$m ©H$moQ>r(2)H$maUH$moQ>r.

(3) na‘mË‘mHo$ ñdê$nH$moQ>rHo$ ê$nm|Ho$ A§VJ©V : {H«$`mepŠV, kmZepŠVAm¡a C^èpŠV{d{eîQ> ~«ô‘ H$m g‘mdoe hmoVm h¡. doXHo$ nyd©H$mÊS>‘| àYmZV`m{H«$`mepŠVHo$ ê$n‘| na‘mË‘m H$m dU©Z h¡, CÎmaH$mÊS>‘| àYmZV`m kmZepŠVHo$ê$n‘|; VWm JrVm-^mJdV‘| àYmZV`m C^èpŠV{d{eîQ> na‘mË‘mHo$ Y{‘©ê$nH$mdU©Z h¡. BZHo$ Abmdm H$mb-H$‘©-ñd^md Am¡a BZHo$ Am{YX¡{dH$ ê$n éÐ-~«ô‘m-{dîUwê$n JwUmdVma AWdm Aja~«ô‘Ho$ ê$nH$mo ^r H$maUH$moQ>r `mH$m ©H$moQ>r Ho$ A§VJ©V Z ‘mZH$a ñdê$nH$moQ>r ‘| hr {JZZm Mm{hE. (V.Xr.{Z.2&84-98).

Bg Vah h‘Zo XoIm {H$ Om°Z ñH$mQ²>g E[aOoZm {Ogo ""H$maUê$n'' H$hVmh¡ dh ‘hmà wHo$ ‘V‘| ñdê$nH$moQ>rH$m ê$n h¡. {Ogo dh ""H$m ©-H$maUê$n''H$hVm h¡ dh ‘hmà wHo$ ‘V‘| H$maUH$moQ>rH$m ê$n h¡. Xoe-H$mb‘| n[a{N>ÝZ ê$nXmoZm|Ho$ hr ‘V‘| H$m ©H$moQ>rHo$ ê$n h¢. H$m ©-H$maUmVrV à`moOZ ê$nHo$ g‘H$j‘hmà wHo$ ‘V‘| na‘mË‘mH$m AmZÝXm§e ’$bH$moQ>rH$m ê$n h¡.

BZ‘| ê$nJV oX hmoZona ^r VmpÎdH$ oX Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ Mmam| VahHo$ê$nm|H$mo YmaU H$aZodmbm VËd `m ì`pŠV na‘mË‘m EH$‘odm{ÛVr` h¡. BZê$nm|H$mo YmaU H$aZo‘| H$moB© ^r ~mhar epŠV, CXmhaUV`m, e¡VmZ `m ‘m`m ZVmo na‘mË‘mH$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡; Am¡a Z Eogr {H$gr epŠVH$s ñdrH¥${V hr‘hmà w `m Om°Z XmoZm|‘|go H$moB© ^r, Bg {df`‘| H$‘go H$‘ {Zê${nV H$aZm MmhVoh¢.

nwZOm©JaU H$mbH$m ewÕmÛ¡Vr : ~«yZmo AmYw{ZH$ `wJ AWm©V² nwZOm©JaUHo$ Amgnmg `yamon‘| {OAmoXm©Zm ~«yZmo

({d.g§.1604-1656) ‘hmà wHo$ bmoH$Ë`mJ H$aZoHo$ R>rH$ gVah df©Ho$ ~mXn¡Xm hmoVm h¡. dh `hþXr Wm Am¡a B©gmB©-`hÿXr-Y‘©{déÕ ~«ô‘n[aUm‘dmXr ‘VA{^ì`ŠV H$aZoHo$ AnamY‘| Or{dV Obm {X`m J`m Wm

~«yZmoZo EH$ g§dmXmË‘H$ J«§W {bIm Wm {OgH$m à‘wI {df` Wm: ""H$maU,VËd Am¡a EH$Vm (AÛ¡V) '', AnZm {gÕmÝV dh {Og nmÌHo$ ‘wIgo H$hbdmVmh¡ CgH$m Zm‘ h¡:WrAmo{’$bg² (na‘mË‘mH$m ñZohr). ~«yZmoHo$ AZwgma dñVw‘mÌH$m‘ybVËd na‘mË‘m h¡ Am¡a Bg ê$n‘| dh {dídmË‘m h¡. dh {dídì`mnr h¡ Am¡ag§nyU© {díd CgHo$ ñd^mdH$s A{^ì`pŠV h¡. na‘mË‘m àË oH$ dñVwH$m AmÚH$maUh¡, Š`m|{H$ àË oH$ dñVwH$s gÎmm Cg na‘mË‘mH$s AmË‘H¥${VH$m n[aUm‘ h¡. VÎdHo$db EH$ hr h¡ {H$ÝVw CgHo$ Xmo ê$n, ~«yZmo ñdrH$maVm h¡ : ""EH$ dh epŠV{H$ {Oggo na‘mË‘m g¥pîQ> CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡; Am¡a Xygar dh epŠV {H$ {Ogê$n‘| dh g¥pîQ>Ho$ ê$n‘| CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡. O‹S> Ðì` {ÛVr` epŠV h¡. O‹S>Ðì` na‘mË‘mH$s H$‘©ê$nm (passive‹)‹epŠV h¡, Bg AW©‘| {H$ O‹S>‘| AZoH$ê$n àH$Q> hmo gH$Vo h¢. {H$ÝVw Cg‘| {H«$`mH$m[aVm ^r h¡ hr, Bg AW©‘| {H$Bg‘| AZoH$ ê$n AZm{d y©V AdpñWV h¢, {OÝh| VÎmV² {Z{‘Îmm|Ho$ gh`moJgoàH$Q> {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡.'' ~«yZmoHo$ AZwgma {dídmË‘mHo$ ê$n‘| na‘mË‘mOJV²H$s àË oH$ dñVwHo$ ^rVa CnpñWV h¡, A§eV… Zht A{nVw nyU©V`m.

‘hmà wHo$ ‘V‘| ^r h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ na‘oûdaHo$ VrZ ê$n ‘mZo J o h¢:~«ô‘, na‘mË‘m Am¡a ^JdmZ. ""doXmÝVoM ñ‘¥Vm¡ ~«ô‘qbJ§ ^mJdVo VWm~«ô‘o{V na‘mË‘o{V ^Jdm{Z{V eãÚVo {ÌV o {ÌV § dmÀ § H«$‘oU¡d ‘`mÌ


172 173

{h'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&6). AWm©V² Cn{ZfXm|‘| na‘oídaHo$ ~«ô‘ hmoZoHo$ nhbwH$sà‘wIVm h¡, JrVm‘| na‘mË‘m; VWm ^mJdV‘| ^JdmZ² hmoZoHo$ nhbwH$mo à‘wIVmXr JB© h¢. BZ VrZ nhbwAm|Ho$ Zm‘mÝVa ^r {X o J o h¢. `Wm - Aja~«ô‘,AÝV`m ©{‘ Am ¡a na~«ô‘. ""AÝV`m©{‘ Aja§ H¥$îU… ~«ô‘ôXm…''(V.Xr.{Z.2&121). lrH¥$îU na~«ô‘ ^JdmZ² h¡ OJV²go n¥WH²$V`m pñWV. dhrH¥$îU OJV²go n¥WH²$ hmoZona ^r AÝV`m©{‘Ho$ ê$n‘| OJV²‘| AÝV…pñWV ^r hmoVoh¢. O¡go ~«yZmoHo$ ‘V‘| na‘mË‘mH$mo {dídmË‘m ‘mZm J`m h¡. ‘hmà wHo$ ^r ‘V‘o~«ô‘mÊS>‘| g‘pîQ>ê$n‘| VWm àË oH$ OrdmË‘mHo$ gmW ^rVa ì`pîQ>ê$n‘| ^rna‘mË‘m AÝV`m©‘rHo$ ê$n‘| {dÚ‘mZ h¢. V¥Vr` ê$n Aja~«ô‘H$m h¡. `hna‘oídaH$m dh ê$n h¡ {H$ Omo OJV²go {dbjU hmoZona ^r n¥WH²$V`m AdpñWVZht. OJV² Am¡a ~«ô‘ Ho$ ~rM ewÕmÛ¡V `m VmXmËå` H$s Omo ~mV H$s OmVr h¡dh Aja~«ô‘Ho$ gå`H²$ ñdê$n~moYHo$ {~Zm gw~moY Zht hmo nmVr.

Bg g‘J« ~«ô‘mÊS>H$s ì`m»`m nm§M ê$nm|‘|, ‘hmà wH$mo ‘mÝ` h¢: H$mb H$‘©ñd^md Ord Am¡a ^m¡{VH$ Ðì`. BZ‘| ApÝV‘ Xmo VÎdm|H$mo H$^r-H$^r nwéf Am¡aàH¥${V ^r H$hm OmVm h¡. o nm§Mm| ê$n Aja~«ô‘H$s hr nm§M AdñWm `m njh¢. AV… n§MmË‘H$ ~«ô‘mÊS>H$m Aja~«ô‘go VmXmËå` h¡. Bg AW©‘| H$mb-H$‘©-ñd^md-àH¥${V Aja~«ô‘Ho$ gX§eH$m {dñVma h¡ Am¡a nwéf {MX§eH$m.

~«yZmo EH$ ‘µOoXma {ddoMZm H$aVm h¡ {H$ na‘oída Bg OJV²H$m ‘yb VÎd(first principle‹) ^r h¡ Am¡a ‘ybH$maU (‹first cause‹) ^r. ‘ybVÎd hmoZoH$sÑpîQ>go XoIm Om o Vmo na‘oída OJV²go gd©Wm A{^ÝZ hr h¡, naÝVw ‘ybH$maUH$sÑpîQ>go XoIm Om o Vmo dh Hw$N> {^ÝZ ^r h¡. Š`m|{H$ OJV² CgH$m H$m © h¡ Am¡a`h OJV²H$m H$maU h¡. ‘hmà w ^r H$hVo h¢ : ""{Ûê$n§ V{Õ gdª ñ`mX² EH§$Vñ‘mX² {dbjU‘²'' ({gÕmÝV‘wŠVmdbr.3). AWm©V² Aja~«ô‘Ho$ Xmo ê$n h¢ :EH$ ê$n‘| dh gd©ê$n-gdm©Ë‘H$ VÎd h¡ Am¡a Xygao ê$n‘| (H$maUê$n‘|) gd©{dbjU^r h¡ hr.

‘hmà w AnZo ewÕmÛ¡V-~«ô‘dmXH$mo ~«ô‘Ho$ ‘{h‘mH$s ñdrH¥${V ‘mZVo h¢""`WmH$WpÄMX² ‘mhmËå § Vñ` gd©Ì dÊ ©Vo'' (V.Xr.{Z.41). Bgr Vah

~«yZmo ^r AnZo Xe©ZH$m Cng§hma ""Praised be the God, & extolledby all the living being the infinite, the simplest,the most unified, the highest & the most absolutecause, principle & the one. ' '

~«yZmoHo$ ~mX Vmo‘mgmo H°$ånmZ°bm ({d.g§. 1624-1698)H$mo ^r OJV²H$mo~«ô‘H$s n[aU{V ‘mZZoHo$ AnamY‘| 27 dfm] VH$ H$mamJma wJVZm n‹S>m Wm

AmYw{ZH$ Xe©Z Am¡a ewÕmÛ¡VdmX Bg Vah h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ pñnZmoµOmH$s gmV `m AmR> df©H$s d`‘| EH$

~«ô‘dmXr {MÝVH$ ‘m¡OyX Wm Am¡a Xygao ñd § pñnZmoµOmH$s Om{VHo$ `hÿXr {MÝVH$~«yZmoH$mo Hw$N> hr df© nyd© Or{dV Obm {X`m Wm. Bg ÌmgXrH$s MMm© {ZpíMVpñnZmoµOmHo$ d`ñH$ hmoZo VH$ MbVr hr ahr hmoJr. {dMmam|na {H$gr EH$Y‘©gåàXm`Ho$ {Za§Hw$e A§Hw$eHo$ `wJH$s g‘mpßVHo$ ~mX nwZOm©JaU H$mb‘|pñnZmoµOmH$mo Ho$db ~{hîH¥$V {H$`m J`m Wm, ~«ô‘dmXr {dMmam|H$s A{^ì`pŠVHo$AnamY‘|

Xe©ZH$s AmYw{ZH$ YmamHo$ àdV©H$ aoZo XoH$mV} ({d.g§. 1652-1706)Zo,pñnZmoµOmgo Hw$N> nhbo, {d{eîQ>mÛ¡Vr e¡br‘| O‹S> Am¡a MoVZ H$mo ñdVÝÌ Z‘mZH$a na‘mË‘m{lV {H$ÝVw na‘mË‘mgo {^ÝZ VÎdHo$ ê$n‘| {Zê${nV {H$`m Wm.

XoH$mV}Ho$ J«ÝWna ì`m»`m {bIVo hþdo pñnZmoµOm EH$ H$X‘ AmJo ~‹T>H$aewÕmÛ¡V VH$ nhþ§M J`m {H$ na‘mË‘mna Am{lV O‹S> Am¡a MoVZ, na‘mË‘mgo{^ÝZ VÎd Z hmoH$a, na‘mË‘mHo$ AZÝV JwUm|‘|go h‘| AZw yV hmoZodmbo Xmo JwUh¢; AWdm JwUm|Ho$ n[aUm‘ h¢. JwU-JwUrHo$ ~rM A oX `m VmXmËå` ImoOZo‘|pñnZmoµOmH$mo A{YH$ H${R>ZmB©H$m gm‘Zm Z H$aZm n‹S>m hmoJm, Š`m|{H$ {MÝVZH$sEH$ b§~r naånam wamon‘| nhbo hr ewÕmÛ¡{V`m|H$s ‘m¡OyX Wr. AV… Bg AW©‘|pñnZmoµOmHo$ {MÝVZH$mo ^r n[aUm‘dmXH$s H$gm¡Q>rna gd©Wm ZdrZ Amaå^ Zht‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡.


174 175

AnZo "AmYw{ZH$ Xe©ZHo$ B{Vhmg'‘| [aMS©> ’$mëH$Z~J© H$hVo h¢ {H$""Ðì`=na‘mË‘m=àH¥${V'' Ho$ g‘rH$aU‘| ""Ðì`=na‘mË‘m''H$s KmofUm XoH$mV}ZoH$s Wr; Am¡a ""na‘mË‘m=àH¥${V''Ho$ g‘rH$aUH$s YmaUm ~«yZmoZo H$s Wr.pñnZmoµOmZo XoH$mV}H$s Vah àH¥${VH$mo na‘mË‘m{lV Am¡a {’$a ^r na‘mË‘mgo {^ÝZVÎd `m Ðì` ‘mZZoHo$ ~Om` XoH$mV} Am¡a ~«yZmo XmoZm|Ho$ g‘Ýd`na AmYm[aV""Ðì`=na‘mË‘m=àH¥${V''H$m {gÕmÝV ñWm{nV {H$`m Wm.

pñnZmoµOm, ~«yZmoHo$ AZwH$aU na, Ñí`‘mZ OJV²H$m ‘ybVÎd Ed§ ‘ybH$maUna‘mË‘mH$mo ‘mZVm h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| OJV² Am¡a na‘mË‘m Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝYgmÝV-AZÝV nam{lV-Anam{lV Û¡V-AÛ¡V AZoH$Ëd-EH$Ëd A§e-A§er {deof-gm‘mÝ` Am¡a gIÊS>-AIÊS> Ho$ {damoYm^mgm|dmbm ñdrH$maZm n‹S>Vm h¡ (ÐîQ>ì`: ’$mëH$Z~J©H¥$V AmYw{ZH$ Xe©ZH$m B{Vhmg). Bg {damoYm^mgHo$ Cne‘Ho${b o pñnZmoµOmHo$ Xe©ZH$s Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXr ì`m»`m ^r Hw$N> {dÛmZ ~hþYm H$aVoh¢. AV… Bgo AÀN>r Vah {ZUuV H$a boZm Amdí`H$ h¡.

Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX Am¡a pñnZmoµOm ‘ybVËd `m Ðì` (substance) Ho$ Xmo JwU : MoVZm (thought‹) Am¡a

Xoed{V©Vm (extension‹) nXmW© h‘mar ~w{Õgo J¥hrV hmo nmVo h¢. O~ h‘|MoVZmH$m ^mZ hmoVm h¡ Vmo, pñnZmoµOmHo$ AZwgma, dh MoVZm wŠV na‘mË‘mH$m hr^mZ h¡. O~ h‘| XoeHo$ {Ì{dY Am`m‘m|‘| {dñVrU© O‹S> nXmW©H$m ^mZ hmoVm h¡Vmo, pñnZmoµOmHo$ AZwgma, dh ^r XoeH¥$V-H$mbH¥$V Ed§ dñVwH¥$V n[aÀN>oXa{hVna‘mË‘mH$s hr XoeHo$ {Ì{dY Am`m‘m|‘| {dñVrU©VmH$m ^mZ h¡. o XmoZm| JwUna‘mË‘mH$s AZÝV M¡VÝ`ê$nVm VWm AZÝV Xoe{dñVrU©VmH$m nyU©~moY àXmZH$aZo‘| gj‘ h¢. XmoZm| JwUm|‘| ^m{gV hmoVm nañna oX VWm {’$a ^r XmoZm| hrJwUm|H$m na‘mË‘mHo$ ñdê$ngo A oX Bg {damoYm^mgHo$ Cne‘Ho$ {b o pñnZmoµOmÛmamXr JB© JwUH$s n[a^mfm {H$ """JwUY‘©' Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$ {Og ê$n‘| ~w{ÕÐì`Ho$ ñdê$nH$m J«hU H$a nmVr h¡ (that which understanding perceives

of the substance as constituting the essence of it)'' Ho$ AmYmanaÐì`Ho$ JwUY‘m]H$m Ho$db ~m¡{ÕH$ ApñVËd ‘mZm OmVm h¡ Am¡a H$hm OmVm h¡ {H$do dmñV{dH$ Zht h¢. (ÐîQ> : ’$mëH$Z~J©H¥$V AmYw{ZH$ Xe©ZH$m B{Vhmg).

Bg Vah hR>mV² Ho$dbmÛ¡VH$s Amoa pñnZmoµOmH$mo KgrQ>Zodmbo o ì`m»`mH$mañd § pñnZmoµOmÛmam Xr JB© na‘mË‘mH$s n[a^mfmna bú` Zht XoVo. pñnZmoµOmñnîQ>V`m H$hVm h¡ : """na‘mË‘m'go ‘oao VmËn ©‘| EH$ Eogm VÎd h¡ {H$ Omo gd©WmAZÝV hmo, AWm©V² Eogm Ðì` {H$ {Og‘| AZÝV JwUY‘© hm| Am¡a {OZ AZÝVJwUY‘m]go àË oH$ JwUY‘©Ho$ Ûmam emídV² Ed§ AZÝV ñdê$n A{^ì`ŠV hmo ahmhmo''.

`{X na‘mË‘m‘| dmñV{dH$ JwUY‘m]H$m ApñVËd Z hmo AWm©V² do Ho$db~w{ÕH$pënV hm|, Vmo CVZo hr JwUY‘© hmoZo Mm{h o {H$ {OVZo ~w{Õgo H$ëß` hm|.O~{H$ pñnZmoµOm na‘mË‘m‘| AZÝV JwUY‘m]H$s gÎmm ñnîQ>V`m ñdrH$maVm h¡. BZAg§»` JwUY‘m]‘|go h‘mar ~w{Õ Ho$db Xmo hr JwUY‘m]H$m J«hU H$a nmVr h¡.AV… JwUY‘m]H$mo dmñV{dH$ Z ‘mZH$a ~w{ÕH$pënV ‘mZZm pñnZmoµOmHo$ Xe©ZH$mAÝ`Wmì`m»`mZ h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm pñnZmoµOm ñnï>V`m H$hVm h¡ {H$ na‘mË‘mHo$JwU AWdm n[aUm‘m|Ho$ Abmdm AÝ` Hw$N> ~w{Õ J«hU H$a Zht gH$Vr h¡. Bg‘|hoVw dh `h XoVm h¡ {H$ ""EH$ àm‘m{UH$ àË``H$s AnZo àË``Ho$ gmW g§dm{XVmahVr h¡. Xygao eãXm|‘| H$hm Om o Vmo à‘o Ho$ à{V{Z{Yê$n Omo ^r àË`` h‘mar~w{Õ‘| CnpñWV hmoVo h¢ VXZwê$n dh àH¥${V‘| hmoZo hr Mm{h o. àH¥${V Š`m|{H$,na‘mË‘mHo$ Abmdm Hw$N> h¡ hr Zht, AV… Omo Hw$N> ~w{Õgo J¥hrV hmoVm h¡ dh`m Vmo na‘mË‘mHo$ JwUm|‘|go EH$mX JwU hmoJm `m CgH$m n[aUm‘ BgHo$ AbmdmAÝ` Hw$N> ^r Zht.'' (Ñï>ì` : E{WŠg.1&30).

Bggo {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ pñnZmoµOmHo$ {MÝVZH$s H$ënZmdmXr ì`m»`m gd©Wm{ZamYma h¡.

Ðì`H$s n[a^mfm XoVo hþdo pñnZmoµOm H$hVm h¡ : ""AnZo ñdê$n Am¡a ~moYXmoZm|‘|, Omo VÎd ñd{Z ©a hmo, Cgo Ðì` g‘PZm Mm{h o. na‘mË‘m EH$Eogm VÎd h¡ {H$ {Oggo Ag§»` JwUY‘© {dÚ‘mZ ahVo h¢; Am¡a o àË oH$JwUY‘© na‘mË‘mH$s An[apÀN>ÝZVmH$mo Ed§ ñdê$nH$mo A{^ì`ŠV H$aVoh¢.'' .

Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXr ì`m»`mH$mam|Ho$ {dnarV pñnZmoµOm ñnï> eãXm|‘| H$hVm h¡ {H$


176 177

H$moB© ^r dñVw {OVZr A{YH$ gË` `m ^mdê$n hmoVr h¡ CVZr hr CgHo$JwUY‘m]H$s g§»`m A{YH$m{YH$ hmoVr h¡. (ÐîQ>:{dYmZ 9 dht).

pñnZmoµOmH$m ewÕmÛ¡VdmX {ZJ‘ZmË‘H$ VH©$go {gÕ hmoZodmbm ewÕmÛ¡VdmXh¡, AV… `h H$Xm{n ybZm Zht Mm{h o {H$ VH©$‘`m©Xm‘| Omo ~mV Zht H$hr OmgH$Vr Cgo pñnZmoµOmHo$ ‘wIgo gwZZoH$s Amem Zht aIZr Mm{h o.

’$bV… ‘hmà wHo$ {gÕmÝV‘| ~«÷H$s {déÕY‘m©l`Vm : gmH$maVm Am¡aAn[apÀN>ÝZVm, AIÊS¡>H$agVm Am¡a Zm‘ê$n{d^mJ, gd©g‘Vm Am¡a AZwJ«hVWm AdVma Am{XHo$ Omo A{MÝË` gm‘Ï © ~«÷‘| ‘mÝ` {H$ o J o h¢, pñnZmoµOmCZH$m Vrd« àË`m»`mZ H$aVm h¡. ‘ybê$n‘| ~«÷‘| Eogo {damoYm^mgr gm‘Ï ©H$sñdrH¥${V pñnZmoµOmH$mo AZmdí`H$ àVrV hmoVr h¡. na AZÝV JwUY‘m]H$s na‘mË‘m‘|ñdrH¥${V VWm na‘mË‘mHo$ ñd^mdHo$ {dnarV O‹S>OJV²‘| Xoe-H$mb-dñVwH¥$Vn[apÀN>ÝZVm; Am¡a OrdH$s MoVZm‘| AkmZ-dmgZm-Ag§Vmof-emoH$-‘moh O¡go{dH$mam|H$s ñdrH¥${V, AÝVV… Cgr {ZîH$f©na pñnZmoµOmHo$ ‘VH$mo nhw§MmVr h¡ Omogd©{ZU© {Z~ÝY‘| ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ :

""gwIXw…IàX ew^mew^ H$‘© Ed§ ‘Zmo^mdm| H$m àdV©H$^JdmZ²H$mo H¡$go ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡, Š`m|{H$ JdmZ² Vmo na‘ H¥$nmbwh¡? BgH$m CÎma `h h¡ {H$ ^JdmZ² g^rH$s AmË‘mHo$ ^r AmË‘m h¢,AV… Eogo gwIXw…IàX ew^mew^ H$‘© Ed§ ‘Zmo^mdm| H$m àoaH$^JdmZ²H$mo ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡. O¡go ^r ew mew H$‘© `m ‘Zmo mdm|Ho$ àoaH$ ^JdmZ² ~ZVo h¢ dh AnZogo {^ÝZ {H$gr OrdmË‘mHo$ {bEZht, A{nVw ñd`‘od na‘mË‘m hr EH$ ê$n‘| àoaH$ ~ZVo h¢ Am¡a Xygaoê$n‘| ào[aV. ñd`‘od ñd § H$mo AZoH${dY H$‘© Ed§ ^mdm| Ho$ {bEào[aV H$aVo h¢. AV… àË oH$ ào[aV OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ à{V ^JdmZ²H$mogd©g‘ ^r ‘mZZm n‹S>Vm h¡. g^r `mo{Z`m|‘| g^r OrdmË‘mAm|H$mo,g^r AdñWmAm|‘|, gwIXw…I Vmo g‘mZ hr hmoVm h¡. {’$a^rgwIXw…Im|‘| VmaVå`~w{Õ h‘| «‘de hmoVr h¡. AÝ`Wm, EH$ hrdñVw Ho$ à{V {H$gr EH$ ì`pŠVH$s Cg dñVwHo$ gwIàX hmoZoH$s~w{ÕH$m Am¡a AÝ`H$s Cgr dñVwHo$ Xw…IàX hmoZoH$s ~w{ÕH$m g‘Ýd`

gå^d Zht ah Om oJm. ñd § EH$ hr ì`pŠV ^r {H$gr EH$ hrdñVwH$mo H$^r gwIX Am¡a H$^r Xw…IX ^r ‘mZ boVm h¡

^JdmZ² Ûmam àXÎm ’$b Am¡a ^JdmZ² H$m ñdê$n gd©Ì g‘mZhr hmoVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ `h {XIbmB© XoZodmbm g^r Hw$N> ñd § ^JdmZ²hr h¢. do hr g¥îQ>m h¢ Am¡a g¥pîQ> ^r. do hr nmbH$ h¢ Am¡a nm{bV ^r.do hr {VamoYmZH$Vm© h¢ Am¡a {Vamo{hV hmoVo {df` ^r. g~ Hw$N> do hrh¢. gd©Ì do hr h¡. g~ Hw$N> na‘mË‘m‘| h¡. OrdmË‘mAm|‘| do na‘mË‘mh¢, n[apÀN>ÝZ OJV²‘| do An[apÀN>ÝZ ~«÷ h¢. `h ~«÷dmXH$m gÀMmñdê$n h¡ Am¡a gmar ~mV| ‘mohOZH$ h¡ :

""AmË‘¡d V{XX§ gdª g¥Á`Vo g¥O{V à w… Ìm`Vo Ìm{V {dídmË‘m{õ`Vo ha{V B©ída…, AmË‘¡d V{XX§ gdª ~«÷¡d V{XX§ VWm, B{VlwË`W©‘mXm` gmÜ § gd£… `Wm‘{V, A`‘od ~«÷dmX… {eîQ>§ ‘mohm`H$pënV‘²''

(V.Xr.{Z.2&181-184).

pñnZmoµOm H$hVm h¡ {H$ ""Eogr {H$gr dñVwHo$ ApñVËdH$s gå^mdZm hrZht h¡ {H$ Omo na‘mË‘mgo {^ÝZ m ~mô` hmo Am¡a {Oggo Cn{hV m à^m{dVhmoH$a na‘mË‘m H$moB© H$m © H$aVm hmo. na‘mË‘m Omo ^r Hw$N> H$aVm h¡ (g¥pîQ>pñW{V-nmbZ m g§hma Am{X) dh ñd § {ZOHo$ ñd^mdHo$ {Z`‘m|Ho$ AZwgmahr H$aVm h¡. {H$gr AÝ` {ddeVmgo Zht. ñdJV oXHo$ H$maU m gOmVr`-{dOmVr` oXHo$ H$maU na‘mË‘mgo {^ÝZ AÝ` {H$gr hoVwH$s Vmo gå^mdZmhr Zht h¡. na‘mË‘mH$s ñdm^m{dH$ n[anyU©Vm hr na‘mË‘mH$mo {H$gr H$m ©H$aZoH$mo ào[aV H$aVr h¡ ... na‘mË‘m àË oH$ H$m ©-dñVw‘| Cg dñVwHo$ VmpËdH$ñdê$nHo$ ê$n‘| AÝV…pñWV ahVm h¡. h g§ d Zht h¡ {H$ H$moB© H$m © {dÚ‘mZhmo Am¡a CgH$m CnmXmZ-H$maU ZîQ> hmo Om o.

Omo ^r Hw$N> h¡ dh na‘mË‘m‘| h¡...na‘mË‘m àË oH$ dñVwHo$ ApñVËdH$m


178 179

hr Ho$db hoVw hmo Eogr ~mV Zht h¡, Š`m|{H$ na‘mË‘m àË oH$ dñVwH$s {Z`VAW©{H«$`mH$m[aVmH$m ^r hoVw h¡. Š`m|{H$ VÎmX² dñVwAm|H$s {^ÝZ-{^ÝZAW©{H«$`mH$m[aVm | `{X na‘mË‘mHo$ Ûmam {Z`V Z hm| Vmo do àH$Q> hr Zhthmo nm oJr...AV… àH¥${V AnZo g{H«$` hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| (‹natura naturans‹) Am¡a{H«$`m{df` `m {ZpîH«$` (‹natura naturata‹) hmoZoH$ ê$n‘| Û¡{dÜ` àH$Q> H$aVr h¡."ZoMwam ZoMwamZ²'go VmËn`© Cg ê$ngo h¡ {H$ {Og ê$n‘| ~h VËd AnZoApñVËd Ed§ ~moY ‘| ñdm{lV hmo; AWdm Ðì`Ho$ do JwUY‘© {H$ {OZ‘|gZmVZVmH$s Am¡a An[apÀN>ÝZ ñd^mdH$s, AWm©V na‘mË‘mH$s,A{^ì`pŠV hmoVr hmo. `h na‘mË‘mHo$ ‘yb `m ñdVÝÌ H$maU hmoZoHo$ ê$nH$sÑpîQ>go H$hm Om ahm h¡. àH¥${VH$mo "ZoMwam ZoMwamVm'H$s ÑpîQ>go XoIZo na ogmao ê$n {dd{jV h¢ {H$ Omo na‘mË‘mHo$ ñd^mdde {gÕ hmoVo h¢. AWm©V² dogmao n[aUm‘ Omo na‘mË‘m‘| hr pñWV ahV| h¢ Am¡a na‘mË‘mHo$ {~Zm {OZH$mApñVËd `m ~moY gå^d Z hmo''

(E{WŠg.1&17,18,29).

Bg Vah h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ‘hmà wHo$ Ûmam d{U©V na‘mË‘mHo$ "g¥O{V'"Ìm{V' Am¡a "ha{V' ê$nH$mo pñnZmoµOm "ZoMwam ZoMwamZ²' H$hVm h¡. Bgr Vah"g¥Á`Vo', "Ìm`Vo' Am¡a "{õ`Vo' ê$nH$mo pñnZmoµOm "ZoMwam ZoMwamVm' H$hVm h¡.{’$a^r pñnZmoµOmHo$ {MÝVZ‘|, ‘hmà wHo$ ‘VH$s Vah, gmH$ma-nwéfmoÎm‘ê$nH$mH$moB© ñWmZ Zht h¡. `{X ‘hmà^wHo$ Xe©ZH$s Ho$db Aja~«÷Ho$ AmYmanaì`m»`m H$aZoH$s eV© bJm Xr Om o Vmo Omo ^r Hw$N> H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ dhpñnZmoµOmH$m Xe©Z hmoJm Bgr Vah pñnZmoµOmHo$ AÛ¡VdmX‘| nwéfmoÎm‘H$s YmaUmOmo‹S> Xr Om o Vmo dh ‘hmà wHo$ ewÕmÛ¡VH$s ^mfmH$mo J«hU H$a boJm.

pñnZmoµOmH$s Xme©{ZH$ YmaUm‘| nwéfmoÎm‘H$s AZwnpñW{Vde, pñnZmoµOm {Ogo"ñd^md' H$hVm h¡, Cgo ‘hmà w brbm H$hVo h¢, nwéfmoÎm‘H$s ñdrH¥${VH$s^mfm‘|

pñnZmoµOmHo$ {bE `h g‘J« ~«÷mÊS> ~«÷Ho$ ñd^mdH$m A{Zdm © A§J h¡, O¡gog‘H$moU {Ì wOH$s Xmo wOmAm|Ho$ dJm]Ho$ `moJ’$bH$m Vrgar wOmHo$ dJ©Ho$ ~am~ahmoZm g‘H$moU {Ì wOHo$ ñd^mdH$m A{Zdm © A§J hmoVm h¡.

‘hmà wHo$ AZwgma lw{V‘| ~«÷Ho$ ""gË § kmZ‘² AZÝV§ ~«÷'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1)

dMZÛmam Cgo gpÀMXmZÝXê$n ‘mZm J`m h¡. BZ‘| VrZ ~mV| Am`r (1) gÎmm(2) M¡VÝ` (3) AmZÝX m An[apÀN>ÝZVm. AVEd ""AmZÝX'' Am¡a ""AZÝV''H$mo n`m© dmMr ‘mZm J`m h¡. `h AmZÝX `m AmZÝË` dhr h¡ {Ogo pñnZmoµOm nwZ…nwZ… na‘mË‘mHo$ AZÝV ñd^mdHo$ ê$n‘| {Z{X©îQ> H$aVm h¡ ""now, as thedivine nature has absolutely infinite attribute infinite essenseafter its kind'' (‹1.prop 16‹).

‘hmà wH$m gpÀMXmZÝX nwéfmoÎm‘ AnZo Xmo JwUY‘© : gÎmm (Bgo pñnZmoµOmHo$extention H$s OJh g‘PZm Mm{h o) Am¡a M¡VÝ` ({Ogo pñnZmoµOm thought

H$hVm h¡) Ho$ Abmdm Y{‘©ê$n (substance `m essence Ho$ ê$n) ‘| AmZÝX`m AZÝV h¡. Bg ê$n‘| gÎmm Am¡a M¡VÝ` Ho$ Abmdm ^r Cg‘| Ag§»` JwUY‘©h¡ (gpÀMXmZÝXê$nÝVw ~«÷ ì`mnH$‘² Aì``‘² gd©epŠV ñdVÝÌ§ M gd©k§JwUd{O©V§, gOmVr`-{dOmVr`-ñdJVÛ¡Vd{O©V‘² gË`m{XJwUgmhò¡…

wŠV‘² Am¡Ën{ÎmH¡$… gXm : V.Xr.{Z.1&65-66). Bgr ‘ybVËdHo$ Ag§»`JwUY‘m]‘| EH$ JwUY‘© na‘mË‘mH$s gmH$maVm ^r h¡ hr, Omo CgHo$ VmpËdH$ñd^mdH$mo A{^ì`ŠV H$aVr h¡.

pñnZmoµOm ^r H$hVm h¡ {H$ na‘mË‘mH$s kmZepŠV `m ñZohepŠV H$s VwbZm‘mZdr` kmZoÀN>mñZohH$s d¥{Îm`m|go Zht H$s Om gH$Vr.

Bgr wpŠVH$m à`moJH$a ‘hmà w na‘mË‘mH$s {Xì` AmH¥${VH$s VwbZm ^r‘mZdr` `m bm¡{H$H$ AmH¥${Vgo eŠ` Zht ‘mZVo. ñnîQ>V`m {dYmZ H$aVo h¢ {H$na‘mË‘mHo$ {ZO ñdê$nHo$ AmZÝË` `m AmZÝX Ho$ H$maU na‘mË‘m‘| {XìÀmH¥${V gå^d h¡-""na‘mZÝXEd "AZÝV'eãXoZ CÀ`Vo'' (AUw m.1&1&11)Am¡a ""~«÷dmXo AmZÝXmo {h AmH$ma g‘n©H$…'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&44).

BZHo$ Abmdm ^r AÝ` H$B© àíZ Eogo h¢, CXmhaUV`m : gËH$m ©dmXgËH$maUdmX A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmX VmXmËå`dmX na‘mË‘H$ma{`V¥ËddmXAZwJ«h‘ybH$^pŠVdmX OrdmUwËddmX m »`m{VdmX Am{X, BZ AZoH$ g‘ñ`mAm|na‘hmà w dëb^mMm © Ed‘² ~méH$ pñnZmoµOm Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU‘| CëboIZr` g‘mZVm


180 181

h¡. BZ g^rH$m gm§Jmonm§J {ddaU Bg {Z~ÝYH$m Z Vmo {df` h¡ Am¡a Z bú` hr.{’$a^r g§jon‘| h‘Zo XoIm {H$ pñnZmoµOmHo$ AmJ‘ZHo$ gmW yamon‘| ewÕmÛ¡V Xe©ZH¡$go nwao {ZIma Ho$ gmW àH$Q> hmo OmVm h¡.

yamonr` Xe©ZHo$ B{Vhmg‘| pñnZmoµOmH$m EH$ ‘hËdnyU© `moJXmZ ñdrH$maZmn‹S>Vm h¡. gd©àW‘ Vmo Bg{bE {H$ AnZo nyd©dVu {MÝVH$m|H$s {dMmae¥§Ibm‘|EH$ Z`r H$‹S>rHo$ ê$n‘| pñnZmoµOmH$m {MÝVZ Ow‹S>m hþAm h¡, Z {H$ nyd©dVuXme©{ZH$m|Ho$ J«ÝWH$s Ho$db ì`m»`mHo$ ê$n‘|. Xygao AnZo {MÝVZHo$ AmYma yVdmŠ` Am¡a {ZîH$f©; pñnZmoµOmHo$ gd©Wm AnZo ‘m¡{bH$ h¢, ~«yZmo Am{X Xme©{ZH$m|Ho${MÝVZgo à^m{dV Am¡a g‘mZ hmoZona ^r.

Eogm {H$ÝVw ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Ho$ ~mao‘| H$h nmZm H${R>Z h¡. Š`m|{H$‘hmà wH$m {MÝVZ AnZm ‘m¡{bH$ Z hmoH$a Cn{ZfX² JrVm ~«÷gyÌ Ed§ ^mJdVH$s ì`m»`m‘mÌ h¡. BZH$s EH$ g‘pÝdV ghO Am¡a àm‘m{UH$ ì`m»`m àñVwVH$aZm hr ‘hmà wH$m bú` h¡. AV… Cgo ‘m¡{bH$ gyP ‘mZZona dh àm‘m{UH$ì`m»`m Zht ah OmVr Am¡a àm‘m{UH$ ì`m»`m ‘mZZona dh ‘hmà wH$s AnZr‘m¡{bH$ gyP Zht H$hbm oJr. ñd § ‘hmà wHo$ AZwgma ^r CZH$m ‘V AnZmñd §H$m Zhr h¡-

AWm} ‘od {ZpIb¡a{n doXdmŠ ¡… am‘mÙ¡… g{hV^maVnÄMamÌ¡…& AÝ ¡íM emñÌdMZ¡… ghVËdgyÌ¡… {ZUu`Vo göX § h[aUm gX¡d&&

(V.Xr.{Z.1&104)

CZH$m ‘V g‘J« emñÌm|H$m gZmVZ-gmd©{XH$ {gÕmÝV hr h¡. Bg emñÌr`{gÕmÝVH$mo "gmH$ma~«÷dmX' `m "ewÕmÛ¡VdmX' H$hm OmVm h¡, ewÕmÛ¡V H$mAJ«oOrn`m© àm`… puremonism {X`m OmVm h¡. ‘wPo naÝVw bJVm h¡ {H$ `h«m‘H$ eãXmdbr h¡. nmíMmË` Xe©ZH$s ÑpîQ>go Bgo realistic monism H$hZm

A{YH$ Cn wŠV h¡. AZw y ‘mZ OJV²H$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZVo hþE {H$gr EH$‘odm{ÛVr`VËdH$s YmaUm absolute-nondualism `m idealistic nondualism H$hr

OmZr Mm{h o. AÛ¡VdmXH$s Eogr YmaUmHo$ {dnarV Û¡VK{Q>V ~mô` OJV²H$mo `mÛ¡VH$mo `WmW© ‘mZVo hþE ^r Cg Û¡V‘| AÛ¡VH$mo ^r `WmW© ‘mZZm ewÕmÛ¡V h¡.Bgo Û¡VmÛ¡V Zht g‘P boZm Mm{h o. `h ""Û¡V Am¡a AÛ¡V'' Zht h¡, {H$ÝVw""Û¡V‘| AÛ¡V'' h¡ AWdm ""AÛ¡V‘| Û¡V'' h¡. Š`m|{H$ AnZr {déÕY‘m©l`VmdmXH$s‘mÝ`VmHo$ AZwê$n ‘hmà wHo$ Û¡VmÛ¡VHo$ {Zê$nU‘|, {H$gr H${R>ZmB© H$m gm‘Zm VmoZht H$aZm n‹S>Vm Wm, {’$a ^r ñd‘VH$mo Û¡VmÛ¡VdmX Z ‘mZZm, Bg ~mVH$mà‘mU h¡ {H$ ‘hmà wHo$ ‘mVZwgma OJV² Am¡a ~«÷ Ho$ ~rM {dÚ‘mZ gå~ÝYH$sì`m»`m Û¡V, Û¡Vm^md `m C^`mË‘H$Vm AWm©V² Û¡VmÛ¡V go {dbjU h¡. ‘hmà wñnîQ>V`m {dYmZ H$aVo h¢ {H$ ""H$m`©H$maU`mo… ôXmôX‘V{ZamH$aUm`{nÊS>‘{UZI{ZH¥$ÝVZJ«hU‘²'' (AUw m.1&4&23).

O¡go em §H$a ‘V‘| {‘Ï`mËdH$m bjU ""gX²{dbjUËdo g{VAgX²{dbjUËdo g{V gXgX²{dbjUËd‘²'' {X`m OmVm h¡, Cgr Vahdmëb^ ‘V‘| ewÕmÛ¡V `m VmXmËå` H$m bjU ""Û¡V{dbjUËdo g{VÛ¡VmÝË`ÝVm^md{dbjUËdo g{V Û¡VmÛ¡V{dbjUVËd‘²'' A^rîQ> h¡. BgàH$maH$m AÛ¡V ^mdê$n AôX h¡ ôXH$m AË`ÝVm^md Zht. O¡go A{dÚmHo$dbmÛ¡V‘| Z Vmo {dÚm h¡ Am¡a Z {dÚmH$m AË`ÝVm^md hr, {H$ÝVw EH$ ^mdê$nAkmZH$s H$ënZm dhm§ àñVwV H$s J`r h¡. R>rH$ Cgr Vah dmëb^‘V‘| A oXZ Vmo oX h¡ Am¡a Z oXH$m AË`ÝVm^md hr, {H$ÝVw H$moQ>rÌ`~mô` EH$ ^mdê$ngå~ÝY h¡. Bgo ñd § lre§H$amMm © ^r AnZo nÄMrH$aU‘² Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| EH${ZfoÜ` H$ënHo$ ê$n‘| ‘mÝ` H$aVo h¢ : ""Z {^ÝZ§ Zm{^ÝZ§ Zm{n {^ÝZm{^ÝZ§Hw$VpíMV²'' (npÄM.) Bggo {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ ewÕmÛ¡V Xe©Z Z Vmo ‘hmà wH$m‘m¡{bH$ {MÝVZ h¡ Am¡a Z Eogo {H$gr XmdoH$s H$moB© Eo{Vhm{gH$ nwpîQ> hr gå^dh¡. maVdf©‘| ‘hmà wgo nyd©; Am¡a gM H$h| lre§H$amMm ©go r nyd©, ewÕmÛ¡VdmXrdoXmÝVÑpîQ> ~hþ‘mÝ` Wr. ~«÷ZÝXr `mXdàH$me ^V¥ànÄM ~«÷XÎm ^mñH$amMm ©lrn{V^JdËnmXmMm © Am{X AZoH$ {MÝVH$ Hw$N> hm§-dhm§Ho$ Wmo‹S>o ~hþV AÝVaHo$gmW `m Vmo ewÕmÛ¡V; `m {’$a BgH$s {ZH$Q>V‘ {dMmaYmam Û¡VmÛ¡VdmXH$mà{VnmXZ H$a hr MwHo$ Wo.

ewÕmÛ¡VdmXH$s Hw$N> àmU yV YmaUm | h¢, `Wm : (1)~«÷dmX


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(2){déÕY‘m©l`VmdmX (3)A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXZH$maUVmdmX (4)gËH$maUdmX (5)gËH$m ©dmX (6)Am{d^m©d{Vamo mddmX (7)A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmX (8)H$m ©H$maUVmXmËå`dmX (9)brbmdmX

BZ‘| àË oH$ YmaUmH$m g‘W©Z, lre§H$amMm ©go ~hþV nhbo, doXmpÝV`m|Ho$~‹S>o g‘wXm`Zo {H$`m hr Wm. BZ‘| `mXdàH$me Am{XHo$ ‘ybJ«ÝW AmO CnbãYZht hmoVo naÝVw lre§H$amMm © lr`m‘wZo mMm © lram‘mZwOmMm ©, lrdoXmÝVXo{eH$à ¥{V àmMrZ {dÛmZm| Ûmam CZHo$ ‘V CÕ¥V hþE h¢ Am¡a CZHo$ AdbmoH$Zgo {gÕhmoVm h¡ {H$ ewÕmÛ¡VH$s YmaUm {H$VZr àmMrZ Wr

{ZîH$f©ê$noU nmíMmË` Xe©ZHo$ B{VhmgHo$ PamoIogo XoIZona ewÕmÛ¡V Xe©ZH$sO¡gr EH$ {dH$mgaoIm Woëggo pñnZmoµOm VH$ ItMr Om gH$Vr h¡, d¡gr ^maVr`Xe©ZHo$ B{Vhmg‘| gå^d Z hmoZogo Cgo ‘hmà wH$m ^maVr` Xe©ZH$mo `moJXmZ‘mZZm EH$ H${R>Z H$m © h¡.

‘hmà wH$s gmYZmàUmbr‘| XmZ Am¡a g‘n©U ‘| AÝVa {H$`m J`m h¡. {H$grdñVwnago AnZm ñdËd-ñdm{‘Ëd hQ>mH$a Xygao ì`pŠVH$m ñdËd ñWm{nV H$aZm"XmZ' H$hbmVm h¡, O~{H$ AnZo `m nam o {H$gr ^r àH$maHo$ oXHo$ {~Zm AnZonmg Omo Hw$N> hmo Cgo Xygao ì`pŠVHo$ Cn^moJmW© àñVwV H$a XoZm "g‘n©U'H$hbmVm h¡. ‘hmà wHo$ ‘V‘| XmZHo$ ^mdH$s ‘hÎmm ‘mÝ` Zht H$s J`r h¡.Š`m|{H$ XmZ‘| XoZogo nyd© EH$ àH$maHo$ AhÝVm-‘‘VmH$m oX à~b ahVm h¡.g‘n©U‘| ewÕmÛ¡VH$m ~moY h¡, O~{H$ XmZ‘| Û¡VH$m Ë`mJH$s ‘Zmod¥{Îm‘| Ho$dbmÛ¡VH$m~moY gwg§JV hmogH$Vm h¡, O~{H$ g‘n©U‘| ewÕmÛ¡VH$m hr ^md ~Zm ahVm h¡{Ogo g‘{n©V H$aZm h¡ CgH$m Ëd§H$ma {Og nXmW©H$m g‘n©U H$aZm h¡ CgH$mBX§H$ma, Am¡a Omo g‘n©UH$Vm© h¡ CgH$m Ah§H$ma BZHo$ gmao oX ""Vwä`‘² BX‘²Ah§ g‘n© o''‘| EH$ g‘n©UHo$ ^md‘| VmXmËå`~moY OJmVo h¢. Ëd§H$ma BX§H$ma`m Ah§H$ma ‘|go {H$grHo$ ^r bmonHo$ {~Zm hr g‘n©UHo$ AÛ¡VgyÌ `m VmXmËå`gyÌ

‘| {namo o OmZona `h Ì¡{dÜ` EH$ gwÝXa ‘wŠVmdbrH$m ê$n YmaU H$a boVm h¡Cg‘| Z Vmo ^ŠVHo$ ^ŠVËdH$m Zme `hm§ Amdí`H$ h¡ Am¡a Z ^JdmZ²Ho$^JdËdH$m hr {’$a^r ^ŠV Am¡a ^JdmZ² Ho$ ~rM oXÑpîQ> {Zd¥Îm hmo OmVr h¡,O~ ^ŠV ^JdmZ²Ho$ à{V AmË‘g‘n©U H$a XoVm h¡

‘hmà wH$m {MÝVZ doX JrVm ~«÷gyÌ VWm ^mJdV Am{X emñÌm|H$mo g‘{n©Vh¡. ì`m»`mXmZHo$ ê$n‘| àXÎm Zht. AV… Bgo lwË`m{Xà‘mUm|H$mo àXÎm "‘hmà wH$m`moJXmZ' H$h nmZm H${R>Z h¡.

‘hmà wH$m {MÝVZ ""~«÷mnUª ~«÷h{d… ~«÷m½Zm¡ ~«÷Um hþV‘² ~«÷¡dVoZ JÝVì § ~«÷H$‘©g‘m{YZm.'' (^J.JrVm.4&24) Ho$ EH$ ewÕ ~«÷mÛ¡VnaAdbpå~V {MÝVZ h¡. {Ogo Cn{ZfXm|‘| ""EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gdª g AmË‘m VV²Ëd‘² A{g'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&8&7) H$h H$a AWdm ""gdª Ibw BX§ ~«÷''(3&14&1) H$h H$a ì`ŠV {H$`m J`m Wm. `hm§ EVX² Am¡a BX‘² AWdm VV² Am¡aËd‘² Ho$ oX‘| ^r EH$ ^mdê$n VmXmËå` h¡. AV: VmXmËå`dmX `m ewÕmÛ¡VdmXn`m© dmMr nX h¢.


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7

H$‘© kmZ pŠV Ed§ àn{Îm H$m VwbZmË‘H$ ñdê$n

(CnH«$‘) ^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ‘| ^m¡{VH$ Ðì`Ho$ (MATTER) VrZ Am`m‘ ‘mZo OmVo h¢:

b§~mB© Mm¡S>mB© Am¡a JhamB©. Bgr Vah ‘mZdr` ì`pŠVËdHo$ ^r AnZo `hm§ VrZAm`m‘ ñdrH$mao J o h¢: OmZm{V (kmZ) BÀN>{V (BÀN>m) Am¡a `VVo (à`ËZ).

H$B© ~mVm|H$m h‘| kmZ ahVm h¡ Vmo H$B© ~mV| Eogr ^r hmoVr h¡ {H$ {OZHo$~mao‘| h‘ Hw$N> ^r Zht OmZVo.

{OZ ~mVm|H$s h‘| OmZH$mar ahVr h¡ CZ‘| Hw$N> ~mV| Eogr ^r hmoVr h¡ {H${OÝh| nmZoH$s h‘mao ^rVa BÀN>m OmJ CR>Vr h¡, Vmo H$B© OmZr hþB© ~mV| Eogr ^rhmo gH$Vr h¡ {H$ {OÝh| nmZoH$s BÀN>m h‘mao ^rVa boe ^r Zht OJ nmVr. CÝh|Ho$db OmZH$a hr h‘ gÝVwîQ> hmo OmVo h¢.

{OZ dñVwAm|H$mo nmZoH$s BÀN>m h‘mao ^rVa à~b hmoVr h¡ Vmo d¡gr BÀN>m |h‘| CZ dñVwAm|H$mo nm boZoHo$ à`mg‘| VËna ~Zm XoVr h¢. Hw$N> BÀN>m |, naÝVw,CVZr à~b Zht hmo nmVr {H$ CZ BÀN>mHo$ {df`m|H$mo nmZoHo$ à`mg‘| OwQ> OmZoH$moh‘| ~m{YV hmoZm n‹S>Vm hmo.

{OZ ~mVm|H$mo nmZoHo$ à`mg‘| h‘ bJo ahVo h¢ CZ‘| go Hw$N> à`mg g’$bhmoVo h¢ Vmo Hw$N> {d’$b ^r. ’$bV… h‘ gwIr `m Xw…Ir hmoVo ahVo h¢. h‘mam gmam

ì`dhma BÝht kmZ BÀN>m Am¡a à`ËZm|Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ê$nm|H$s g‘pîQ> h¡.

‘mZdr` ì`pŠVËdHo$ BZ VrZ Am`m‘ kmZ BÀN>m Am¡a à`ËZ‘| hr H«$‘e…kmZ‘mJ© ^pŠV‘mJ© Am¡a H$‘©‘mJ©Ho$ CËg aho hþE h¢. AVEd ^mJdV‘| H$hm J`mh¡: ""`moJm: Ì`mo ‘`m àmoŠVm… Z¥Um§ lo mo {d{YËg`m kmZ§ H$‘© M ^pŠV:M Zmonm`mo AÝ`mo ApñV Hw$Ì{MV²''. (^mJ.nwam.11/20/6-8) AW©: ‘mZdHo$lo mo{dYmZmW© ^JdmZ²Zo kmZ ^pŠV Am¡a H$‘© ê$n VrZ ‘mJm]H$m àdV©Z {H$`mh¡. BZ VrZ ‘mJm]Ho$ Abmdm AÝ` H$moB© Cnm` lo gmYZHo$ hoVw ~Zm`m Zht J`mh¡.

(`moJÌ`r Am¡a àn{Îm H$m VwbZmË‘H$ {ZîR>m VmaVå`) d¡go Vmo `ht ^mJdV‘| (11&20&6•8) h‘| `h Iwbmgm ^r {‘b OmVm h¡

{H$ H$‘©g§Ý`mg H$aZodmbo {ZîH$m‘ gmYH$Ho$ {b o kmZ`moJ lo ñH$a hmoVm h¡,H$‘©namÙ gH$m‘ gmYH$Ho$ {bò H$‘©`moJ lo`ñH$a hmoVm h¡; VWm Z VmoA{V{daŠV Am¡a Z A{V{df`mZwaŠV Eogo ^JdËH$Wm‘| OmVlÕ gmYH$Ho$ {b o^pŠV`moJ lo ñH$a hmoVm h¡: ""{Z{d©ÊUmZm§ kmZ`moJ: Ý`m{gZm‘² Bh H$‘©gw,Vofw A{Z{d©ÊU{MÎmmZm§ H$‘©`moJñVw H$m{‘Zm‘², `ÑÀN>`m ‘ËH$WmXm¡OmVlÕñVw … nw‘mZ² Z {Z{d©ÊUmo Zm{VgŠVmo pŠV`moJmo Añ` {g{ÕX….''

Bg gÝX ©‘| Hw$N> àíZ CR> I‹S>o hmoVo h¢ {H$ àn{Îm (eaUmJ{V) Š`m BÝhtVrZm| ‘mJm]H$m AWdm VrZ‘| go {H$gr EH$ hr ‘mJ©H$m H$moB© A§J yV Cnm` h¡?AWdm àn{Îm‘mJ© Š`m| EH$ ñdVÝÌ ‘mJ© ~Z Zht gH$Vm? `{X àn{ÎmH$m ^mdñdVÝÌ ‘mJ© `m Cnm`Ho$ ê$n‘| ‘mÝ` hmo nmVm hmo Vmo BgH$m A{YH$mar {H$go ‘mZmOm o? Š`m {daŠVH$mo `m {df`mZwaŠVH$mo AWdm g^rH$mo?

BÝht àíZm|Ho$ gmW Ow‹S>r hþB© EH$ MMm© `h ^r {dÛmZm|‘| MbVr ahVr h¡ {H$JrVmH$m ‘w»` à{VnmÚ {df` Š`m h¡. H$‘© kmZ ^pŠV Ed§ àn{Îm‘| go {H$grEH$ Cnm`H$s à‘wIVm AWdm BZ g^rH$m g‘wÀM`?

H$‘© kmZ ^pŠV... gmH$ma ~«÷dmX


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{d{^ÝZ AmMm`m]Zo {d{^ÝZ A{YH$ma AWm©V² mo½`Vmdmbo gmYH$m|H$mo bú`‘|aIH$a {d{^ÝZ Xme©{ZH$ {dMmam|H$s n¥îR> y{‘na BZ àíZm|Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ CÎma{X o h¢. ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Ho$ ^r ewÕmÛ¡VdmXr {dMmaYmamHo$ AZwgma BZàíZm|Ho$ Š`m CÎma hmo gH$Vo h¢ `h g§jon‘| {XIbmZm Bg àH$aUH$m à`moOZ h¡.

‘hmà wHo$ AZwgma H$‘© kmZ ^pŠV Am¡a àn{Îm o g^r n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ñdVÝÌ ‘mJ© h¢, AV… BZHo$ g‘wÀM`H$mo do Amdí`H$ Zht ‘mZVo h¢. BZ‘| go{H$gr ^r EH$ ‘mJ©H$mo nyU© {ZîR>mHo$ gmW AnZmZo H$s Amdí`H$Vmna do A{YH$^ma XoVo h¢. O¡gm {H$ JrVm‘| H$hm hr J`m h¡ ""EH$‘{n AmpñWV… gå`J²C^`moa² {dÝXVo ’$b‘²'' (^J.JrVm 5&4) AWm©V² {H$gr ^r EH$ ‘mJ©H$moAÀN>r Vah {ZîR>mHo$ gmW AnZmZona XmoZm|Ho$ ’$b {‘b gH$Vo h¢, naÝVw H$ÀMr{ZîR>mHo$ gmW XmoZm|H$mo ^r AnZm boZoHo$ ~mdOyX EH$ ‘mJ©H$m ^r ’$b {‘b ZhtgH$Vm.

‘hmà w ^r AVEd AnZo VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| ñnîQ> {dYmZH$aVo h¢-

{ZîR>m^mdo ’$b§ Vñ‘mV² ZmñË od B{V {d{ZíM`…&{ZîR>m M gmYZ¡aod Z ‘ZmoaWdmV© m&&(V.Xr.{Z.1&18)

AW©: {ZîR>mHo$ A^md‘| BZ‘| go {H$gr ^r ‘mJ©go Hw$N> ^r ’$b {‘b ZhtgH$Vm. {H$gr ^r ‘mJ©‘| {ZîR>m hmoZoH$m ‘Vb~ h¡ Cg ‘mJ©Ho$ gmYZm|H$moVËnaVmHo$ gmW AnZmZm. BZ gmYZm|H$mo AnZmZoHo$ WmoWo ‘ZmoaW `m g‘`H$sì`W© ~a~mXr H$a XoZodmbo BZ ‘mJm] AWdm gmYZm| Ho$ Ho$db ldU-àdMZgoHw$N> hmoZm OmZm Zht h¡.

(`moJÌ`r Am¡a àn{Îm H$m gm‘mÝ` ñdê$n) BZ ‘mJm]Ho$ àmapå^H$ Hw$N> A§J yV Cnm`m|H$s EH$ê$nVmHo$ H$maU, ~hþYm

H$B© {dÛmZ² BZ ‘mJm]‘| nañna oXH$s ~mV ñdrH$maZo CÚV Zht hmoVo.

g^r ‘mJm]Ho$ EH$‘mÌ JÝVì` na‘mË‘mHo$ AÛ¡VH$s YmaUmHo$ de ^r‘mJm]Ho$ A{^ÝZ hmoZoH$s hR> H$B© dŠVmAm|Ho$ dŠVì`m|‘| ~hþYm PbH$Vr h¡. H$B©bmoJ Vmo Iwbo eãXm|‘| ‘mJm]Ho$ oXH$s {ZÝXm‘| hr AnZo nmpÊS>Ë`H$m àH$f© ‘mZVoh¢.

‘mZm| EH$ ñQ>oeZ²na go H$B© aobJm{‹S>`m|Ho$ Ny>Q>ZoH$s pñW{V‘| ewéAmVHo$ Hw$N>ñQ>oeZ² EH$ hr AmVo hm| Vmo Eogo ‘mZ boZm {H$ ha Jm‹S>r‘| ha bmB©Z²na ha {Xem‘|gd©Wm EH$ hr ñQ>oeZ² Am |Jo AWdm {H$gr ^r {Xem‘| aobJm‹S>rgo `mÌm H$aZonaOmo ^r ñQ>oeZ² Am |Jo do hm|Jo Vmo Bg yVbna hr, AV… yVbH$s AÛ¡VYmaUmHo$de, g^r ñQ>oeZ² `m JÝVì`m|Ho$ oXH$mo ^r {‘Ï`m ‘mZ boZm

{^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ñQ>oeZm| AWdm {XemAm| Ho$ oXH$mo yVbHo$ A oXH$s YmaUmHo$de {‘Ï`m ‘mZo `m gË` ‘mZo, `mÌr Vmo dhr Q´>oZ nH$‹S>Zm MmhoJm Omo CgHo$A{^b{fV ñQ>oeZ²na Cgo nhþ§MmVr hmo yVbHo$ A oXHo$ nma‘m{W©H$ hmoZoH$s XwhmB©XoH$a `mÌmbw ì`pŠVHo$ oXÑpîQ> âo ì`dhmaH$m ({H$ CgH$m JÝVì` ñQ>oeZ² AÝ`ñQ>oeZm|go {^ÝZ h¡) ~mY H$^r g§ d Zht h¡

EH$ hr ñQ>oeZ²go AZoH$ Jm{‹S>`m§ AZoH$ {XemAm|‘| OmVr h¢, {OZ‘| ewéAmVHo$ñQ>oeZ² EH$ hr ahVo h¢ na bmB©Z² ~XbZoHo$ gmW {Xem | ~XbVr OmVr h¢ Am¡añQ>oeZm|Ho$ {gb{gb| ^r. ha bmB©ZH$m ha Jm‹S>rH$m ha `mÌrH$m AnZm-AnZmAbJ JÝVì` hmoVm h¡. na ñQ>oeZ²Ho$ ßb°Q>’$m°‘©²na I‹S>m hþdm bú`~moY{dhrZ`mÌmbw, Mmho {OVZo {XZ I‹S>m aho Am¡a AmVr-OmVr Jm{‹S>`m|H$mo {dñ’$m[aV ZoÌm|go{ZhmaVm aho, na {H$gr EH$ Jm‹S>r‘| gdma hþE {~Zm dh H$ht nhþ§M Zht nm oJm

Omo ì`pŠV ßb°Q>’$m°‘©²na I‹S>o-I‹S>o Ho$db `hr {MÝVZ H$aVm ahVm h¡ {H$AÝVV… g^r Jm{‹S>`m§ EH$‘mÌ yVbna hr Vmo Xm¡‹S>Vr h¢, AV… BZHo$ {d{^ÝZQ>{‘©Zbm|Ho$ (ApÝV‘ ñQ>oeZ²) ê$n oX; AWdm BZ Xm¡‹S>Vr Jm{‹S>`m|Ho$ AbJ-


187

188 189

AbJ Zm‘m|Ho$ oX ^r {‘Ï`m hr h¢, Vmo dh {XemM`ZH$s Vah Jm‹S>rHo$ M`ZH$s{ZîR>m ^r OwQ>m Zht nmVm Am¡a dhtHo$ dht I‹S>m ah OmVm h¡ H$ht nhþ§MZm h¡ Vmo{d{^ÝZ Jm{‹S>`m|‘| go {H$gr EH$ Jm‹S>rH$mo MwZZm n‹S>oJm. h‘mam ghO {ddoH$ hrh‘| `h {gIbm oJm {H$ Ohm§ h‘| nhþ§MZm h¡ dht OmVr Jm‹S>r‘| h‘| gdma hmoZmMm{h o; AÝ` gmar Jm{‹S>`m|H$s {MÝVmH$mo N>mo‹S>H$a.

g^r gmYH$m|H$s `mÌm‘| {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ {XemAm|‘| Xm¡‹S>Vr {^ÝZ-{^ÝZgmYZmAm|H$s Jm‹S>rna gdma hmoZoH$m ßb°Q>’$m°‘©² Vmo `hr h‘mam g§gma h¡. Bgrg§gmaHo$ ñQ>oeZ²go H$‘©‘mJ© kmZ‘mJ© `m ^pŠV‘mJ© H$s nQ>arna Xm¡‹S>ZodmbrgmYZmAm|H$s Jm‹S>r‘| EH${ZîR>mHo$ gmW gdma hmo OmZm {ZVmÝV A{Zdm © ~mV h¡.{’$a Vmo AnZo A^rîQ> JÝVì` AmË‘mZÝX ~«ô‘mZÝX `m ÔZmZÝX VH$ gabVmgonhþ§Mm Om gH$Vm h¡.

(`moJÌ`r Am¡a àn{Îm Ho$ bú`m|H$m VmaVå`) `h Vmo ñnîQ> hr h¡ {H$ AnZr gm§gm[aH$Vm go AmJo ~‹T>ZoH$s à{H«$`m‘|

àmaå^Ho$ Hw$N> Cnm`m|‘| EH$ê$nVm hmo gH$Vr h¡; Am¡a AÝV‘| AmË‘mZÝX~«ô‘mZÝX AWdm ÔZmZÝX Omo ^r hm|; h¢ Vmo g^r EH$ hr gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘na‘mË‘m Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ê$n.

AVEd `h ^r gM hr h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ ‘mJm]na MbH$a h‘| nhþ§MZm h¡, CgrEH$ na‘VÎd VH$ hr. O¡go g^r Z{X`m§ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ {XemAm|‘| ~hH$a {‘bVrh¢ EH$ hr gmJa‘|. naÝVw g^r Z{X`m|Ho$ EH$‘mÌ JÝVì` gmJaH$s EH$VmH$m~hþYm JbV AW© h‘ ‘mZ ~¡R>Vo h¢. gmJa‘| EH$Vm h¡ naÝVw EH$ê$nVm Zht.~§JmbH$s Im{‹S> Aa~r g‘wÐ VWm {hÝXr ‘hmgmJaHo$ g§J‘na VrZ VahH$s ao{V`m§{‘bVr h¢. BZ gmJam|H$s JhamB© m|‘| ^r AÝVa h¡. BZ‘| ~gVo ObMa ^r gXmEH$ O¡go Zht hmoVo. {H$Ýht gmJam|‘| {Vq‘Jb (ìhob) ‘N>br hmoVr h¡ Vmo {H$Ýht‘|Zht. gmJam|Ho$ ^rVa ~hVr AÝVO©bYmamAm|Ho$ Vmn‘mZm|‘| ^r oX ahVm hr h¡.OmZH$ma bmoJ Eogm H$hVo h¢. Bgr Vah Cg na‘VÎdHo$ EH$ hmoZona ^r AZoH$ê$nhmoZoHo$ ahñ`H$mo ~m¡{ÕH$ Y¡`©Ho$ gmW g‘PZoH$m à`mg H$aZm Mm{hò. EH$gmJaHo$ O¡go, Cg EH$‘odm{ÛVr` VÎdH$s AZoH${dY JhamB© m|Ho$ Zm‘-ê$nK{Q>VoX hmo gH$Vo h¢, {OZ‘| h‘mar AZoH${dY gmYZmAm|H$s Z{X`m§ n ©d{gV hmoVr

h¢. dhr EH$ VÎd Aja~«ô‘Ho$ ê$n‘| gOmVr`-{dOmVr`-ñdJV-Û¡Vd{O©V

Am¡a Xoe-H$mb-dñVwgo An[apÀN>ÝZ {ZamH$ma ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡. dhr EH$ VÎdgOmVr`-{dOmVr`-ñdJV Û¡Vm|H$m EH$‘mÌ AmYma ~ZH$a gH$b Xoe-H$mb-dñVw-ì`mnr gdm©H$ma na‘mË‘m ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡. dhr EH$ VÎd jamjamVrVnwéfmoÎm‘mH$ma‘| {H$gr ^r Xoe H$mb `m dñVw‘| àH$Q> ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡.

kmZ‘mJu` g[aVm‘| h‘mar ~w{ÕHo$ ~hZona h‘ Cg gmJaHo$ {ZamH$maAja~«ô‘H$s Im‹S>r‘| nhþ§M gH$Vo h¢:"" o Vw Aja‘² A{ZX}í`‘² Aì`ŠV§n w©nmgVo gd©ÌJ‘² A{MÝË § M Hy$Q>ñW‘² AMb§ Y«wd§ g§{Z`å` BpÝÐ`J«m‘§gd©Ì g‘~wÕ`… Vo àmßZwdpÝV ‘m‘od gd© yV{hVo aVm…'' (^J.JrVm 12&3-4).

CnmgZm‘mJu` ^pŠVH$s g[aVm‘| h‘mar ~w{ÕHo$ ~hZona h‘ Cg gmJaHo$gdm©H$ma {damQ²> na‘mË‘mê$n ‘hmgmJa‘| ^r nhþ§M gH$Vo h¢ ""Ëd‘² Am{XXod…nwéf… nwamU… Ëd‘² Añ` {dídñ` na§ {ZYmZ§ doÎmm A{g doÚ§ M na§ M Ym‘Ëd`m VV§ {díd‘² AZÝVê$n‘² dm w: `‘mo Ap½Za² déU… eem§H$ àOmn{V:Ëd§ à{nVm‘híM... AZÝVdr`m©{‘V{dH«$‘: Ëd§ gdª g‘mßZmo{f VVmo A{ggd©…'' (^J.JrVm 11&38-40).

AnZo Bg gdm©H$ma {damQ²>ê$nH$s nhMmZ ^JdmZ²Zo JrVmHo$ n§Ðhdo AÜ`m`‘|"CÎm‘nwéf' VWm "na‘mË‘m' Ho$ ê$n‘| H$amB© h¡:""Ûm¡ B‘m¡ nwéfm¡ bmoHo$jaíMmjaEd M, ja… gdm©{U yVm{Z Hy$Q>ñW: Aja CÀ`Vo CÎm‘… nwéfñVwAÝ`mo na‘mË‘m B{V CXmöV…, `mo bmoH$Ì`‘² Am{dí` {~^{V© Aì``B©ída…'' (^J.JrVm 15&16-17).

AjamonmgZmHo$ kmZ‘mJu` àH$ma‘|, Aja~«ô‘H$s {ZamH$maVm‘| {MÎmH$sEH$mJ«Vm gånm{XV H$aZoHo$ {b o, àmaå^‘| ê$nH$ënZm H$s OmVr h¡. Bg VahHo$AjamonmgH$ {ZamH$ma Aja~«ô‘H$s {Okmgmde H$pënV ê$nH$s H$^r-H$^r


190 191

^pŠV H$aVo h¢. `h ^pŠV Z Vmo ñZohê$nm hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Z kmZê$nm hr.‘wpŠVH$m‘Zmgo H$s JB© `h ^pŠV Jm¡Ur ^pŠV hmoVr h¡. AVEd Aja~«ô‘H$s{ZamH$maVmH$s AnamojmZw y{V hmoVo hr gmYH$ ^pŠV‘`r d¥{ÎmH$mo Ë`mJ XoVm h¡.{OkmgwVmde H$pënV ê$nHo$ ÔZ H$aZodmbm gmYH$ {ZË` wŠV EH$mÝV^pŠVH$aZodmbm Zht hmo nmVm. AV… Eogo ŠVH$s VwbZm‘| {ZË` wŠV hmoH$a EH$mÝV^pŠVH$aZodmbo AWm©V² gmjmËH$maHo$ ~mX ^r ^pŠVH$mo Z N>mo‹S> XoZodmbo gmYH$H$mo^JdmZ² CÎm‘H$mo{Q>H$m ^ŠV ‘mZVo h¢. Cgo hr gÀMm "kmZr' ^r ‘mZVo h¢""MVw{d©Ym ÔÝVo ‘m§ OZm… gwH¥${VZmo AOw©Z AmVm} {Okmgw: AWm©Wu kmZrM âVf© Vofm§ kmZr {ZË` wŠV EH$^pŠV: {d{eî`Vo {à`mo {h km{ZZmoAË`W©‘² Ah§ g M ‘‘ {à`… CXmam gd©Ed EVo kmZr Vw AmË‘¡d ‘o ‘V‘²''(^J.JrVm 7&17-18).

AZoH$ AmH$mam|‘| EH$ {ZamH$ma Aja~«ô‘H$s AnamojmZw y{V kmZrH$mo hmoVrh¡. AZÝ`^pŠV H$aZodmbo CnmgH$H$mo Cgr EH$ {ZamH$ma ~«ô‘‘| AZoH$ AmH$mam|H$sàË`j AZw y{V {Xì`ÑpîQ>go hmoZo bJ OmVr h¡.

Omo VÎdV… gdm©H$ma h¡ dh ào‘mpË‘H$m ^pŠV H$aZodmbo ^ŠVm|Ho$ ^mdm|Ho$AZwê$n nwéfmoÎm‘mH$ma ~Z Om o Vmo H$moB© AZhmoZr ~mV Zht hmo OmVr AVEdào‘mpË‘H$m pŠVH$s g[aVm‘| h‘mao öX`Ho$ ~hZona h‘ Cg gmJaHo$ nwéfmoÎm‘mH$malrH¥$îU ^JdmZ²ê$n g‘wÐ‘| ^r nhþ§M gH$Vo h¢.

AnZo nwéfmoÎm‘mH$maH$mo ^JdmZ² Xmo Vahgo àH$Q> H$aVo h¢. O~ do {H$grXoeH$mb‘| AnZr Amoago H¥$nmde àH$Q> hmoVo h¢ Vmo nwéfmoÎm‘mH$ma gd©bmoH$Jå`~Z OmVm h¡. naÝVw `{X {H$gr ^ŠVHo$ ^mdde hmoH$a do {H$gr XoeH$mb‘| àH$Q>hmoVo h¢ Vmo {’$a Ho$db Cgr ^mdwH$ ^ŠVH$mo CZHo$ nwéfmoÎm‘mH$maH$m gmjmËH$mahmoVm h¡, AÝ` {H$grH$mo Zht. AO©wZZo {damQ²>Xe©ZHo$ ~mX Bgr nwéfmoÎm‘mH$maH$monwZ… àH$Q> H$aZoH$s àmW©Zm JdmZ²go H$s Wr ""VoZ¡d ê$noU MVw w©OoZ ghñÌ~mhmo^d {díd‘yV}'' (^J.JrVm 11&46). `h ê$n ^JdmZ²H$m ^ŠVhoVw n[aJ¥hrVê$n hmoVm h¡. Bg ê$nHo$ ÔZgo ^ŠVH$mo Omo ÔZmZÝX àmßV hmoVm h¡, CgHo$~Om` g§gmarH$mo {‘bVo {df`mZÝXH$s, H$‘©R> Am¡a AmË‘kmZrH$mo {‘bVo

AmË‘mZÝXH$s `m ~«ô‘kmZrH$mo {‘bVo ~«ô‘mZÝXH$s; Hw$b {‘bmH$a {H$gr ^rVahHo$ AmZÝX `m ‘wpŠVH$s H$m‘Zm ^ŠVHo$ öX`‘| H$^r àH$Q> hmo Zht nmVr.

{ZîH$m‘-H$‘©‘mJ© AmË‘`moJ `m AmË‘kmZH$s nhþ§M AmË‘mZÝX VH$ hrhmoVr h¡. BZgo gmYH$ gm§gm[aH$ Xw…Igo Vmo nyU©V`m {Zd¥Îm hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ÝVw CgogwI AnZr A§eê$nVmHo$ AZwê$n ~«ô‘mZÝXHo$ jwÐm§e AmË‘mZÝX {OVZm hr{‘bVm h¡.

{d{hV-^pŠVê$n CnmgZm‘mJ©H$m n ©dgmZ gdm©H$ma na‘mË‘m‘| gm wÁ`bm^‘|AWm©V² brZ hmo OmZo‘| h¡. AWdm {ZO Cnmñ` ê$nHo$ gmW gmbmoŠ` gmpîQ>©gm‘rß` `m gmê$ß` àmßV H$aZo‘| hmoVm h¡.

ào‘mpË‘H$m pŠVH$m ‘mJ© H$ht nhþ§MZoHo$ {b o Zht ~Zm`m J`m h¡. ào‘^pŠVHo$‘mJ©na Vmo {ZaÝVa Q>hbVo ahZo‘| hr gwI h¡. H$hm§ nhþ§M|Jo Ego gwaå` ‘mJ©H$moN>mo‹S>H$a OÝ‘mZwOÝ‘ Bgr pŠVHo$ ‘mJ©na ‘ñVrâo Q>hbZo‘| hr ŠVH$mo OZmZÝX{‘bVm h¡. ^pŠV‘mJ©H$m bú` h¡ ^JdËñZohHo$ ‘mJ©na {ZaÝVa MhbH$X‘r H$aVoahZoH$m gm¡ m½`

^JdmZ²Ho$ ^pŠV^m{dV AnZo {à`V‘ ê$nHo$ ÔZ‘| hr ^ŠVH$mo g~ Hw$N>{‘b OmVm h¡. Bgr ÔZr` ê$nH$m {ddaU ^JdmZ²Zo JrVm‘| BZ eãXm|‘| {X`mh¡ ""`ñ‘mV² ja‘² AVrVmo Ah‘² AjamX{n M CÎm‘… AVmo Apñ‘ bmoHo$ doXoM à{WV… nwéfmoÎm‘…'' (^J.JrVm 15&18).

Bg Vah h‘Zo XoIm {H$ H¡$go EH$ hr VÎdHo$ AZoH$ ê$n AZoH$ ‘mJm]go ‘¥½`~ZVo h¢. BZ‘| VmpÎdH$ A oX hmoZoHo$ ~mdOyX ê$nJV oX Vmo ahVm hr h¡. AVEd{d{^ÝZ ‘mJm]‘| ì`W© hr A oX ‘mZZoH$s H$moB© VwH$ ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©H$mo{XIbmB© Zht XoVr h¡. gmW hr gmW {H$gr emó{gÕ àm‘m{UH$ ‘mJ©H$mo Omogd©Wm {Zî’$b ‘mZ boZoH$s d¥{Îm ^r ‘hmà wH$mo éMVr Zht h¡. {ZîR>mnyd©H$AnZmZona g^r ‘mJ© VÎmX² bú`m| VH$ nhþ§MmZo‘| g‘W© h¢. AV… BZHo$ g‘wÀM`H$s


192 193

^r H$moB© Amdí`H$Vm Zht h¡.

(`moJÌ`r Am¡a àn{Îm Ho$ ~rM nmañn[aH$ Jm¡U‘w»`^md) kmZ BÀN>m Am¡a à`ËZ ê$n Omo VrZ d¥{Îm`m|H$s ~mV àma§ ‘| H$hr J`r Wr,

Cg {df`‘| `h AdYo h¡ {H$ kmZ‘mJ© ^pŠV‘mJ© `m H$‘©‘mJ© ‘| go `Wm`WEH$Ho$ à‘wI ~ZZona AÝ` Xmo Ad{eîQ> d¥{Îm`m§ Jm¡U ~Z OmVr h¢. CXmhaUV`mh‘mao ^rVa AZoH$ AmÝVa Ed§ ~mô` d¥{Îm`m§ h¢. O¡go XoIZo-gwZZo MIZo-gy§KZoAm¡a Ny>ZoH$s kmZH$s ~mô` d¥{Îm`m§ hmoVr h¢. Bgr Vah MbZo nH$‹S>Zo ~mobZo‘bm{X-{dgO©ZH$s {H«$`mAm|H$s ^r ~mô` d¥{Îm`m§ hmoVr h¢. VH©$ ñ‘¥{V BÀN>mñdßZ {ZÐm Am{XH$s AmÝVa d¥{Îm`m§ ^r ahVr h¢. àm`… o g^r d¥{Îm`m§ {ZaÝVaH$m ©aV ahVr hr h¢. {’$a ^r BZ‘|go {Og d¥{Îm‘| h‘mam ‘Zmo moJ hmoVm hmo Cgrd¥{ÎmH$m ^mZ h‘| hmoVm h¡.

O¡go boIZH$m ©H$mo H$aVo g‘` ~mha ‘mJ©na Xm¡‹S>Vo dmhZm|H$s Üd{Z ^rñdVEd gwZmB© XoVr h¡, naÝVw ‘wPgo H$moB© àíZ H$ao {H$ Š`m H$a aho hmo Vmo ‘¢ `hrH$hÿ§Jm {H$ boI {bI ahm hÿ§. ‘¢ gm‘mÝ`V`m `h H$hZm ng§X Zht H$ê$§Jm {H$‘¢ ‘mJ©na Xm¡‹S>Vo dmhZm|H$s Üd{Z gwZ ahm hÿ§. Š`m|{H$ Bg ldUd¥{ÎmHo$ gmW ‘oam‘Zmo moJ Zht h¡.

Bgr Vah kmZ‘mJu` gmYH$H$s VËnaVm Aja~«ô‘H$mo OmZZoH$s d¥{ÎmgoOw‹S>r ahVr h¡. dh ~«ô‘H$mo EH$ ko ê$n‘| Mmh gH$Vm h¡, naÝVw ào g²Ho$ ê$n‘|OmZ Zht nmVm. `h ~mV Zht {H$ ~«ô‘kmZmW© dh {H$gr VahHo$ H$‘© Z H$aVmhmo. naÝVw O~ ^r {Okmgwgo nyN>m Om o {H$ dh Š`m H$a ahm h¡ Vmo H$hoJm dh`hr {H$ Cgo OmZZm MmhVm h¡.

Bgr Vah ^pŠV‘mJu` gmYH$ ^JdmZ²H$mo MmhVm h¡, AWm©V² ^JdmZ²Ho$gmW ñZoh H$aVm h¡. BgH$m AW© `h Zht {H$ dh ^JdmZ²H$mo OmZVm Zht. ^ŠV^JdmZ²H$mo Ho$db ko Ho$ ê$n‘| Z ^r MmhVm hmo {H$ÝVw AnZo {à`V‘Ho$ ê$n‘| CgoOmZVm Adí` h¡ ŠVgo H$moB© nyN>o {H$ dh Š`m H$a ahm h¡ Vmo dh h Zht H$hoJm

{H$ Cgo OmZZm MmhVm h¡. dh Vmo `hr H$hoJm {H$ dh Cgo Iy~ ÔZm/nmZmMmhVm h¡.

EH$ d¥{ÎmHo$ à‘wI ~ZZona AÝ` g^r d¥{Îm`m§ ñdVEd Jm¡U ~Z OmVr h¡.MbZodmboH$mo {XIbmB© XoVm hr h¡ na dh H$hoJm Vmo `hr {H$ dh Mb ahm h¡.XoIZodmbm Mb hr ahm hmo na H$hoJm Vmo `hr {H$ dh XoI ahm h¡. Bgr VahkmZ‘mJ© ^pŠV‘mJ© Am¡a H$‘©‘mJ©Ho$ ahñ`H$mo g‘PZoH$s MoîQ>m H$aZr Mm{h o.

(`moJÌ`r Am¡a CgH$s VwbZm‘| àn{ÎmH$s gd©Jwô`V‘Vm) Cg na‘VÎdH$mo ImoOZm hmo Vmo o VrZ ‘mJ© h¢; Am¡a VrZ ‘mJm]Ho$ AZwê$n

na‘oídaHo$ VrZ ‘¥½` ê$n ^r h¢. MbZodmbm|Ho$ {b o VrZ ‘mJ© h¢ Am¡a VXZwê$nVrZ JÝVì` ^r. EH$ "gd©Jwô`V‘' ahñ`, naÝVw, ^JdmZ²Zo JrVmHo$ AÝV‘| `m|^r g‘Pm`m h¡:

gd©Jwô`V‘§ y … e¥Uw ‘o na‘§ dM…&BîQ>mo{g ‘o ÑT>{‘{V VVmo dú`m{‘ Vo {hV‘²&&‘Ý‘Zm ^d ‘X² ŠVmo ‘ÚmOr ‘m§ Z‘ñHw$é&‘m‘¡doî`{g gË § Vo à{VOmZo {à`mo@{g ‘o&&gd©Y‘m©Z² n[aË`Á` ‘m‘oH§$ eaU§ d«O&Ah§ Ëdm gd©nmnoä`mo ‘moj{`î`m{‘ ‘m ewM&

(^J.JrVm 18&64-66)

Bg CnXoe‘| H$m¡Zgm A§e AZwn{XîQ> Ad{U©V `m Alm{dVnyU© Jwô`V‘ h¡-`h {dMmaZm Mm{h o.

^JdmZ²‘| ‘Z Omo‹S>Zm ^JdX² pŠV H$aZm ^JdX² OZ H$aZm `m ^JdmZ²H$moZ‘Z H$aZm o gmar ~mV| nhbo ^r {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n‘|, kmZ ^pŠV `m H$‘©Ho$ê$n‘| Cn{XîQ> hþB© hr h¢. kmZgo ^pŠVgo {ZîH$m‘ H$‘©go AWdm àn{Îmgo nmnm|H$s


194 195

{Zd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡ `h ^r nhbo H$hm hr Om MwH$m h¡. Omo ~mV `hm§ ZdrZ H$hr JB©h¡ {H$ {Ogo "gd©Jwô`V‘ CnXoe' H$hm Om gHo$, Eogm A§e `hm§- ""gd©Y‘m©Z²n[aË`Á` ‘m‘oH§$ eaU§ d«O'' dmbm A§e hr h¡. Bggo nhbo g^r AÜ`m`m|‘|^JdmZ² H$‘© ^pŠV kmZ Ed§ àn{Îmê$n Y‘© VWm BZHo$ A§J yV Cnm`m|H$m hr{Zê$nU H$aVo Am aho Wo. `hm§ AmH$a A~ nhbr ~ma ^JdmZ² AOw©ZH$mo `hg‘Pm aho h¢ {H$ Cgo Mmho H$‘© moJr ~ZZm hmo ^pŠV`moJr ~ZZm hmo kmZ`moJr~ZZm hmo `m eaUmJV ~ZZm hmo `m wÕ go {d‘wI hmoZoH$s H$moB© Amdí`H$Vm Zhth¡.

wÕOÝ` qhgm{Xê$n nmnm|go ‘wpŠV {XbmZo‘| H$‘© moJ ^pŠV`moJ `m kmZ`moJVrZm| hr gj‘ h¢. Eogr pñW{V‘| H$‘© moJ ^pŠV`moJ `m kmZ`moJ‘| go {H$gCnm`H$mo AnZmZm `h AOw©Z {ZpíMV Zht H$a nm`m Wm. {ZîH$f©ê$noU BgMa‘monXoe‘| ^JdmZ²Zo CZ g^r nydm}ŠV Y‘m]H$s {MÝVm N>mo‹S>H$a AZÝ`^mdgoAnZr eaU‘| AmZoH$s ~mV H$h Xr.

eaUmJV OrdH$mo {H$g ‘mJ©na MbZm Mm{h o, nmnm|go Cgo H¡$go Nw>Q>H$mam{‘b gH$Vm h¡, Cgo H$hm§ OmZm Mm{h o Am¡a H$hm§ Zht Am{X g^r {MÝVmeaUmJV Ord H$aVm Zht {H$ÝVw ñd`‘od ^JdmZ² hr H$aVo h¡

àn{Îm‘mJ© OrdmË‘mHo$ MbZoHo$ {b o Zht àË wV na‘mË‘mHo$ MbZoHo$ {b oh¡. àn{Îm‘mJ©na Mb H$a OrdmË‘m na‘mË‘mH$mo ImoOZo Zht OmVr, àË wV dhVmo AZÝ`^mdgo JdÀMaUmaqdXmona AQ>b {dídmg Am¡a YraOHo$ gmW AZÝ`mlÀm¡a Y¡ ©Ho$ gmW Ho$db ~¡R> OmVr h¡. Eogr OrdmË‘mH$s {ZîH$nQ> àn{ÎmH$moOmZH$a ñd`‘² na‘mË‘m Cgo ImoOVo hþAo CgHo$ nmg nhþ§M OmVo h¡.

(`moJÌ`r Am¡a àn{Îm H$s {d{^ÝZ B{V H$V©ì`Vm |) kmZê$n Y‘m©MaUHo$ {~Zm kmZ‘mJu` ê$n Aja~«ô‘ A^`XmZ Zht H$aVm.

{ZîH$m‘-H$‘©ê$n Y‘m©MaUHo$ {~Zm H$‘©‘mJu`ê$n AmË‘mZÝX ^r A^`XmZ ZhtH$aVm. CnmgZmê$n Y‘m©MaUHo$ {~Zm {d{hV-^pŠVê$n-CnmgZmê$n na‘mË‘mHo$AZoH${dY Cnmñ`ê$n ^r A^`XmZ Zht H$aVo. ^pŠVê$n Y‘m©MaUHo$ {~Zm

^pŠV‘mJu`ê$n nwéfmoÎm‘mH$ma ^JdmZ² ^r A^`XmZ Zht H$aVo. Bgr VahAZÝ` eaUmJ{VHo$ {~Zm àn{Îm‘mJu`ê$n AÝV`m©‘r-gma{Wê$n ^JdmZ² ^rA^`XmZ Zht H$aVo. {’$a ^r H$‘©-kmZ-^pŠV Am¡a àn{Îm Ho$ ^mdm|‘| Omonañna AÝVa h¡ dh `hr h¡ {H$ CZ ‘mJm]‘| {Zah§H$m[aVm g{hV hr ghrna Hw$N>Z Hw$N> gmYZ{ZîR>mH$m ^md ahVm hr h¡. eaUmJ{V‘| gmYZ{ZîR>mHo$ ñWmZna{ddoH$ Y¡ © AZÝ`^mdHo$ gmW Ho$db na‘mË‘mna hr {ZîR>m aIr OmVr h¡.

gd©Y‘m]Ho$ n[aË`mJnyd©H$ EH$‘mÌ ^JdmZ²H$s eaU‘| OmZoH$s ar{V hr""‘Ý‘Zm ^d ‘X² ŠVmo ‘ÚmOr ‘m§ Z‘ñHw$é'' dMZ‘| ^JdmZ²Zo g‘PmB© h¡.kmZ-BÀN>m-à`ËZm|H$mo X¡Ý`Ho$ gmW AZÝ`^mdgo ^JdX² A{^‘wI ~ZmZoH$s~mV hr H«$‘e… (1) ‘Ý‘Zm (2) ‘X² ŠV (3) ‘ÚmOr (4) ‘m§ Z‘ñHw$é Ûmamg‘PmB© JB© h¡.

Bg Vah h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ {H$ àn{Îm‘| H$‘© kmZ Am¡a ^pŠVH$s VrZm| ‘ybd¥{Îm`m§ gyú‘ê$ngo g‘m{dîQ> hmo OmVr h¡. {’$a ^r {ZîR>m eaUmJV OrdH$mo CgHo$H$‘© kmZ `m ^pŠVê$n gmYZm|na Z aIH$a EH$‘mÌ ^JdmZ²na hr aIZr hmoVrh¡. gmYZm|Ho$ gm§Jmonm§J AZwîR>mZHo$ ~Om` ‘Zmo moJ Ñ‹T>V`m Ho$db ^JdmZ²Ho$eaUmJVdËgb ñdê$nHo$ gmW hr Omo‹S>Zm hmoVm h¡.

nydm}ŠV VrZ ‘mJm]na Omo Mb nmZoHo$ {b o Omo g‘W© h¢ AWdm Omo g‘W© Zhth¡ CÝh| CZ VrZ ‘mJm]na MbVo-MbVo AWdm {H$gr ‘mJ©na Mbo {~Zm ^rg§gma‘| hr, AZÝ`^mdHo$ gmW ^JdÀMaUm|Ho$ Ü`mZ‘| ‘½Z hmoH$a ~¡R>Zm â AmOm o Vmo, Eogr eaUmJV OrdmË‘mHo$ nmg MbH$a ñd § dmo na‘mË‘m nhþ§M OmVmh¡.

AmZÝX {d{^ÝZ ‘mJm]na Xm¡‹S>-Xm¡‹S>H$a AmË‘mZÝX ~«ô‘mZÝX `m ÔZmZÝXHo$ ê$n‘| {N>no hþdo Cgo ImoOZo‘| {‘bVm h¡. BZ ‘mJm]na dh {N>n OmVm h¡ Am¡aXmd h‘na h¡. naÝVw AŠga Am§Iq‘Mm¡ZrHo$ Iob‘| MVwa ~ÀMo {H$gr EogrOJhna {N>nVo h¢ Ohm§ ImoOZm {H$gr ^mobo ~mbH$Ho$ {b o gwH$a Zht hmoVm. Am¡a


196 197

XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ Eogo ~mbH$ O~ ImoO Zht nmVo Vmo XmdHo$ ñWbHo$ hr nmgAmH$a I‹S>o hmo OmVo h¢. {N>no hþdo ~mbH$H$mo ^r {N>nZo‘| V^r VH$ AmZÝX AmVmh¡ O~ VH$ H$moB© ImoO ahm hmo. ImoO ~§X hmoVo hr Cgo ~mha {ZH$bH$a Xm¡‹S>mXm¡‹S>ewé H$aZr n‹S>Vr h¡. àn{Îm‘mJ©H$m ‘Vb~ h¡ dh YraO {H$ ""Vw‘ H$~ VH$ {N>noahm|Jo? bmo ‘¢ Vmo ~¡R> J`m- H$^r Vmo Vw‘ {ZH$bH$a ~mha AmAmoJo hr Z''

Eogr àVrjm‘| {ZaV hmoH$a O~ OrdmË‘m ~¡R> OmVr h¡ Vmo Cgo ^r {MÝVmhmo AmVr h¡ {H$ Iob H$ht R>ßn Z hmo Om o Am¡a V~ ImoOZoH$m Xmd h‘na hrghr, {’$a ^r dhr h‘| ImoOZo bJVm h¡ Bggo gmdYmZr `hr Ano{jV h¡ {H$ h‘|Mm¡H$ÝZo hmoH$a ~¡R>Zm Mm{h o, Ho$db CgrHo$ Ü`mZ‘| ‘½Z hmoH$a

AZÝ` ^JdpÝZîR>m `h àn{Îm‘mJ©H$s àW‘ Ed§ Ma‘ eV© h¡. àn{ÎmH$mA{YH$ma g^rH$m h¡. g§gma‘| AZwaŠVH$m ^r Am¡a g§gmago {daŠVH$m ^r.^JdX² ŠVH$m ^r Am¡a ~«ô‘kmZrH$m ^r. ñdH$‘©{ZîR>H$m ^r Am¡a ñdH$‘© «îQ>H$m^r.

(H$‘© kmZ ^pŠV Am¡a àn{Îm H$s `moJê$nVm) H$‘© kmZ `moJ AWdm d¡am½` Ho$db AmË‘~moYna Adb§{~V hmo gH$Vo h¢

Am¡a na‘mË‘~moYna r. naÝVw pŠV Am¡a àn{ÎmHo$ {b o na‘mË‘m EH$ A{Zdm ©Vmh¡. AmË‘~moYna Adb§{~V H$‘© O~ na‘mË‘~moYgo g‘¥Õ ~Z OmVm h¡ Vmo Cgo"H$‘© moJ' H$hVo h¢. Ho$db ñdH$‘©H$s ~w{Õgo H$‘m©ZwîR>mZ Z H$aZoH$s ~Om` O~{ZîH$m‘-{Zah§H$ma ~ZH$a B©ídamn©UH$s ^mdZmHo$ gmW H$‘m©ZwîR>mZ g§nÝZ {H$`mOmVm h¡, Vmo dh H$‘© moJ ~Z OmVm h¡.

g§gmago {daŠV Ho$db AmË‘kmZrH$m kmZ O~ ~«ô‘~moYgo g‘¥Õ ~Z OmVmh¡, Vmo Cgo "kmZ`moJ' H$hVo h¢. Ho$db d¡am½`‘ybH$ {ZOmË‘mHo$ ~moY‘| {ZOgo{^ÝZ AÝ` g^r dñVw `m ì`pŠV‘| ‘m{`H$Vm-{‘Ï`mËd-ho VmH$s Û¡V~w{Õ em§VZht hmo nmVr. gmYH$ ""Ah§ ~«ô‘mpñ‘''H$s ^mdZm‘| Vmo AmZÝX bo nmVm h¡,naÝVw ""VÎd‘{g'' `m ""EoVXmËå`{‘X§ gdª''‘| a‘ Zht nmVm dh Aem§V AYrahmoH$a ""~mYmW©gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`''Ho$ VH©$ ImoO {ZH$mbVm h¡ ~«ô‘~moYgo

AmË‘kmZH$mo g‘¥Õ ~ZmZona ""gdª Ibw BX§ ~«ô‘'' Am¡a ""VÁObm{Z{V em§VCnmgrV'' dmbr kmZ`moJH$s na‘em§{V {‘b OmVr h¡.

AVEd JrVmHo$ N>R>o AÜ`m`H$s g‘mpßV‘| ^JdmZ²Zo EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© Iwbmgm{X`m h¡-

Vnpñdä`mo A{YH$mo `moJr km{Zä`mo@{n ‘Vmo A{YH$…&H${‘©ä`íM A{YH$mo `moJr Vñ‘mX² `moJr ^d AOw©Z&&`mo{JZm‘{n gd}fm§ ‘X²JVoZ AÝVamË‘Zm&lÕmdmZ² ÔVo `mo ‘m§ g ‘o wŠVV‘mo ‘V…&

(^J.JrVm.6&46-47)

Xoh Am¡a Cggo gå~pÝYV nXmWm]‘| ào‘mñnXVm ñd §JV Zht hmoVr. AmË‘mJVào‘mñnXVm hr Xohm{X‘| g§H«$mÝV hmoVr h¡. O¡go Ap½ZH$s CîUVm Cgno aIo hþdo nmÌAm¡a VX²Ûmam nmÌpñWV Xw½Y‘| g§H«$mÝV hmo OmVr h¡. Bgr Vah AmË‘mHo$ {à`hmoZoHo$ H$maU Xoh {à` bJZo bJVm h¡- XohHo$ {à` bJZoHo$ H$maU Xohgogå~pÝYV nXmW© ^r {à` bJZo bJ OmVo h¢. naÝVw `h ào‘mñnXVm AmË‘m‘|ñd §{gÕ hmoVr Vmo H$mhoH$mo H$moB© ‘Zwî` AnZr AmË‘mH$mo na‘mË‘mbrZ H$aZmMmhVm?

AmË‘m‘| {à`Vm AmVr h¡ na‘mË‘mHo$ H$maU AmË‘m `{X {à` h¡ Vmo g^rAmË‘dmZ² àm{U`m|Ho$ {b o na‘mË‘m na‘{à` hmoVm h¡. JwéHo$ JwéH$mo O¡go "na‘Jwé'H$hm OmVm h¡ Eogo hr AmË‘mH$s ^r AmË‘m hmoZoHo$ H$maU Cgo "na‘mË‘m' H$hmOmVm h¡. CgH$s Bg ‘hÎmmH$mo ñdrH$maZm "na‘mË‘~moY' H$hbmVm h¡. Bgo hr"‘mhmËå`kmZ' ^r H$hm OmVm h¡.

(`moJÌ`r Am¡a àn{Îm H$m {ZîH¥$îQ> ñdê$n) {ZîH$f©ê$noU gabrH$aUmW© h‘ `m| g‘P gH$Vo h¢:(1) ‘mhmËå`kmZ+ñdH$‘©= H$‘© moJ


198 199

(2) ‘mhmËå`kmZ+AmË‘kmZ= kmZ`moJ(3) ‘mhmËå`kmZ+Cnmñ`ê$n‘| gwÑT> gd©Vmo{YH$ ñZoh= ^pŠV`moJ

H$‘© moJ kmZ`moJ Ed§ ^pŠV`moJ‘| Omo `h ‘mhmËå`kmZH$s àmW{‘H$Vm h¡CgHo$ H$maU àn{Îm BZ H$‘© moJ kmZ`moJ `m ^pŠV`moJ H$s nydmªJ ^r ‘mZr OmVrh¡. H$‘© kmZ Ed§ pŠVê$n Cnm`m|‘| nyU©{ZîR>mHo$ A^md‘| Ho$db ‘mhmËå`kmZ‘ybH$na‘mË‘{ZîR>mHo$ gwÑT> hmoZona àn{Îm‘mJ© ñdVÝÌV`m ^r gd©’$bgmYH$ ~ZgH$Vm h¡.

Hw$N> bmoJ àn{Îm‘| aho {Z…gmYZVmHo$ ^mdH$s {ZÝXm H$aVo h¢. Bgnanbm`Zdm{XVm {Zamem {ZH$å‘onZ Am¡a Ambñ` H$s ‘Zmod¥{ÎmH$m XmofmamonU H$aVoh¢. dmñV{dH$Vm Bg {df`‘| `h h¡ {H$ Eogo AY©ZmpñVH$ AmbmoMH$ `m Vmona‘mË‘mHo$ ‘mhmËå`H$mo nyU©Vmgo ñdrH$maZo‘| {hM{H$MmVo h¢; AWdm AkmZ‘ybH$àn{Îm Am¡a ‘mhmËå`kmZ‘ybH$ àn{Îm Ho$ AÝVaH$mo g‘P Zht nmVo.

‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Zo AVEd AnZo {ddoH$Y¡ m©l` Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| {ddoH$Y¡ © Ed§ AZÝ`ml`H$m dmñV{dH$ ñdê$n g‘Pm`m h¡:

{ddoH$Y¡ } gVV§ ajUr o VWml`…&{ddoH$ñVw h[a… gdª {ZOoÀN>mV… H$[aî`{V&&àm{W©Vo dm VV… qH$ ñ`mV² ñdmå`{^àm`g§e`mV²&gd©Ì Vñ` gdª {h gd©gm‘Ï ©‘od M&&..... ......... .......{ÌXw…IghZ§ Y¡ ©‘² Am‘¥Vo… gd©V… gXm&...... ........ .......Eo{hHo$ nmabmoHo$ M gd©Wm eaU§ h[a…&Xw…IhmZm¡ VWm nmno ^ o H$m‘mÚnyaUo&&^ŠVÐmoho ^ŠË`^mdo ^ŠV¡íMm{VH«$‘o H¥$Vo&

AeŠ o dm gweŠ o dm gd©Wm eaU§ h[a…&&..... ........ .......Ed§ {MÎmo gXm ^mì § dmMm M n[aH$sV© oV²&&AÝ`ñ` ÔZ§ VÌ ñdVmo J‘Z‘od M&àmW©Zm H$m ©‘mÌo{n VVmoÝ`Ì {ddO© oV²&&A{dídmgmo Z H$V©ì`… gd©Wm ~mYH$ñVw g…&~«ô‘móMmVH$m¡ ^mì`m¡ àmßV§ godoV {Z‘©‘…&&....... .......... .....Ed‘mlÙ§ àmoŠV§ gd}fm§ gd©Xm {hV‘²&H$bm¡ ^ŠË`m{X‘mJm© {h Xw…gmÜ`m B{V ‘o ‘{V…&&

BZ H$m[aH$mAm|‘| ‘mhmËå`kmZ‘ybH$ AWm©V² {ddoH$ Am¡a Y¡ © go n[anwîQ>^JdXml`H$m EH$ {dbjU ñdê$n g‘Pm`m J`m h¡. Bg VahHo$ AZÝ`ml`-àn{ÎmH$mo H$‘©-kmZ-^pŠV‘mJ©Ho$ AZwH$ënHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$mam J`m h¡.

Y‘©Ho$ Amdí`H$ A§J Xoe-H$mb-Ðì`-H$Vm©-‘§Ì-H$‘©‘| H${b wJHo$ H$maUOmo {df‘Vm n¡Xm hþB© h¢, ’$bñdê$n emñÌr` H$‘m]H$m `WmoŠV AZwîR>mZ AeŠ`~Z J`m h¡. AV… H$‘©‘mJ© AgmÜ` ~Z J`m h¡.

nwÌofUm {dÎmofUm VWm bmoHo$fUm N>mo‹S>H$a {daŠV gmYH$ {eî ofUmHo$ ê$n‘|CZ VrZm| EfUmAm|H$mo {ÌJw{UV ~Zm XoVo h¢. ’$bV… dmñV{dH$ d¡am½`Ho$ A^md‘|kmZ‘mJ© ^r ~hþV Xw…gmÜ` ~Z J`m h¡.

na‘mË‘mHo$ OZr` ñdê$nH$s {ZîH$m‘ Ah§H$maa{hV VWm AmË‘g‘n©Ug{hVgwÑT> gd©Vmo{YH$ A{dMb ^pŠVHo$ A^md‘| ^pŠV‘mJ© ^r Xw…gmÜ` hmo J`m h¡.AVEd BZ g^r ‘mJm]Ho$ AZwH$ënHo$ ê$n‘| ‘hmà w Amkm H$aVo h¢ ""Ed‘²AmlÙ§ àmoŠV§ gd}fm§ gd©Xm {hV§ H$bm¡ ^ŠË`m{X‘mJm© {h Xw…gmÜ`m B{V‘o ‘{V…''.


200 201

(àn{Îm `moJÌ`r H$m AZwH$ën ^r Am¡a {dH$ën ^r) `hm§ àn{Îm‘mJ©H$m ñdmVÝÍ` ^r ‘hmà w {XIbm aho h¢. H$‘©‘mJ© kmZ‘mJ©

Ed§ ^pŠV‘mJ© Ho$ AÝVJ©V ‘mhmËå`kmZdmbo A§eHo$ H$maU O¡go àn{Îm H$‘© kmZEd§ ^pŠVH$m A§J ~Z JB© Wr, dh àn{Îm na‘mË‘mHo$ dmñV{dH$ ‘mhmËå`Ho$~moYna Adb§{~V hmoZona, {ddoH$-Y¡ © Ed§ AZÝ`ml` ê$n A§Jm|Ho$ gmW EH$gdmªJnyU© n¥WH²$eaU‘mJ© hmoZoH$s J[a‘mH$m ^r dhZ H$aVr h¡ AVEd AnZoH¥$îUml` Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| ‘hmà wZo gwñnîQ> eãXm|‘| `h ñdrH$mam h¡:

gd©‘mJ}fw ZîQ>ofw H$bm¡ M IbY{‘©{U&nmf§S>àMwao bmoHo$ H¥$îU Ed J{V‘©‘&&

AVEd dmëb^ gåàXm`‘| gd©àW‘ AîQ>mjaK{Q>V eaU‘§ÌÛmam àn{Îm‘mJ©‘|Xr{jV {H$`m OmVm h¡. Bg eaUmJ{VHo$ ^mdH$mo gwÑT> ~ZmZoHo$ hoVw CpëbpIV{ddoH$ Y¡ © Ed§ AZÝ`ml`H$m CnXoe H$V©ì` hmoVm h¡. Bg Vah eaUmJV Ord‘|`{X na‘mË‘mHo$ EH$ {d{eîQ> ñdê$nHo$ {ZíN>b Ed§ nyU© ñZohHo$ g{hV g‘{n©VhmoZoH$m ^md CX²~wÕ hmo nmò Vmo Cgo AmË‘{ZdoXZH$s Xrjm ~«ô‘g§~§YÛmam^pŠV`moJHo$ {bò Xr{jV H$aZoH$s ar{V Wr. `m| eaU‘§ÌH$s Xrjm‘mhmËå`kmZOZZmW© Xr OmVr h¡. Am¡a AmË‘{ZdoXZH$s Xrjm gwÑT> gd©Vmo{YH$^JdX²a{VHo$ H$maU AWdm gwÑT> gd©Vmo{YH$ a{VHo$ OZZmW© Xr OmVr h¡.

eaUmJ{VH$s Xrjm h‘mao ^rVa âo hþdo «mÝV Ah§H$maH$m ew{Õg§ñH$ma h¡,Cgo na‘mË‘mHo$ ‘mhmËå`Ho$ g‘j PwH$mZoHo$ ê$n‘|. `hm§ h‘mao Ah§H$mo Vmo‹S>m ZhtOmVm {H$ÝVw na‘mË‘mHo$ ‘mhmËå`kmZHo$ gmW Xmgmo@h‘²Ho$ ê$n‘| Omo‹S>Zm Amdí`H$‘mZm J`m h¡. AmË‘{ZdoXZH$s Xrjm h‘mao rVa ar ~hþ‘wIr ‘‘VmH$m ew{Õg§ñH$mah¡. ‘‘VmH$mo ^r Vmo‹S>ZoH$s Amdí`H$Vm Zht h¡ àË wV na‘mË‘mH$s Amoa ‘mo‹S>ZoH$sAmdí`H$Vm h¡. ‘‘VmñnX nXmWm]Ho$ Ë`mJH$s ^pŠV‘mJ©‘| CVZr ‘hÎmm Zht h¡,{OVZr {H$ CZ nXmWm]Ho$ ^JdX² OZ‘| {d{Z`moJH$s ‘hÎmm h¡.

(Cng§hma) na‘mË‘Ho$pÝÐV Ah§Vm‘‘VmH$m {Z‘m©U nwpîQ>‘mJu` àn{Îm Ed§ ^pŠV H$m

na‘à`moOZ h¡. naÝVw àmaå^ Vmo Ah§VmH$m g§ñH$ma eaUmJ{VÛmam hr H$aZmhmoJm:

^pŠV… naoemZw dmo {dapŠV… AÝ`Ì M¡f {ÌH$ EH$H$mb…&ànÚ‘mZñ` `WmíZV… ñ w… nwpîQ>ñVwpîQ>… jwXnm`moZwKmg‘²&&

(^mJ.nwam. 11&2&42).

`moJHo$ {d{dY ê$n...H$‘© kmZ ^pŠV... gmH$ma ~«÷dmX

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8

`moJHo$ {d{dY ê$n dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s ÑpîQ>Ho$ AZwgma

Am¡nH«${‘H$ à‘mUà‘o gå~ÝYr àm½YmaUm : ‘hmà^ w lrdëb^mMm` © ({d.g §.1535=B ©.g.1478-

{d.g§.1587=B©.g.1530) H$m {MÝVZ CËàojm‘ybH$ Z hmo H$a emñÌì`m»`mZê$nh¡. AVEd dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma ì`dhma‘| lw{V àË`j AZw‘mZ Am¡aEo{Vh² ê$nr1 emñÌ{Z{X©îQ> Mma à‘mUm|H$mo J«mh² ‘mZm J`m hmoZona ^r doXmÝV-gå~ÝYr AdYmaUmAm|Ho$ à‘mUV`m, AÝ` g^r doXmÝVHo$ àñWmZm|go, n¥WH²$‘mZXÊS> ‘hmà wZo ‘mÝ` {H$ o h¢. Bg {df`‘| dmëb^ doXmÝV VbMVwîQ>`dmbràm‘mÊ`ì`dñWm àñVwV H$aZm MmhVm h¡.

`Wm :(H$)

1.~«ô‘ Am¡a VËgå~ÝYr AÝ`mÝ` nXmWm]Ho$ emñÌr` ~moYgo nyd©emñÌr` CnXoe `m {d{d{Xfm Ho$ H$mb‘| Adbå~Zr` AWm©V²emñÌVmËn ©{OkmgmH$mbrZ m emñÌmonXoeH$mbrZ àmW{‘H$ àm‘mÊ`Vbr`à‘mUì`dñWm.

2.~«ô‘ Am¡a VËgå~ÝYr {d{^ÝZ nXmWm] Ho$ emñÌm{^àoV ñdê$nHo$emãX~moY hmo OmZona lwË`m{X emñÌm|H$mo à‘mU ‘mZZodmbm|Ho$ gmWMMm©H$mb‘| Adbå~Zr` AWm©V² VmËn ©~moYmoÎmaH$mbrZ {ÛVr` Vbr`àm‘mÊ`ì`dñWm.

3.~«ô‘Ho$ gmjmËH$ma hmo OmZona AWm©V² ~«ô‘kmZrH$s ÑpîQ>goAdbå~Zr` AWm©V² ~«ô‘gmjmËH$mam oÎmaH$mbrZ V¥Vr` Vbr`àm‘mÊ`ì`dñWm.

4.^JdXdVmaH$mbrZ MVwW© Vbr` à‘mUì`dñWm.

BZ‘| àW‘Vbr` ì`dñWmHo$ ~mao‘| ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ lw{V JrVm ~«ô‘gyÌAm¡a ^mJdV Ho$ EH$dmŠ`VmnÝZ dMZ hr à‘mU hmoVo h¢. Š`m|{H$ lw{VdMZHo$AmYmana Omo ~mV ñnîQ> Zht hmo nmVr dh JrVmHo$ {d‘e© H$aZona, Bgr VahCg‘| ^r Omo ~mV ñnîQ> Zht hmo nmVr dh ~«ô‘gyÌm|Ho$ AdJmhZ H$aZona, Ed§~«ô‘gyÌm|go ^r Omo ~mV ñnîQ> Zht hmo nmVr dh ^mJdVHo$ AdJmhZ H$aZonagwñnîQ> hmo OmVr hmoZogo BZ Mmam| J«ÝWm|Ho$ EH$dmŠ`VmnÝZ dMZ hr à‘mU hmoVoh¢.2 Bg Vbna BZ EH$dmŠ`VmnÝZ dMZm|go {dnarV AW©H$m à{VnmXH$ H$moB© ^rà‘mU `m dMZ O¡go {déÕ hmoZoHo$ H$maU Aà‘mU ‘mZm J`m d¡go hr BZHo$ Ûmamà{Vnm{XV AW©H$mo hr XmohamZodmbm à‘mU `m dMZ AZ{YJVmW©H$m kmnH$ ZhmoZoHo$ H$maU Aà‘mU ‘mZ {b`m J`m h¡. `Ú{n {H$gr^r J«ÝW‘| Eogm H$ÊR>moŠV{dYmZ CnbãY hmoVm Zht. {’$a^r AWm©n{ÎmHo$ ~bna `h ^r ghO hr H$hm OmgH$Vm h¡ {H$ Bg àW‘ Vbna BZ Mmam| J«ÝWm|‘| ^r, H$moB© EH$ Eogm dMZ Omoeof VrZm|Ho$ dMZm|Ho$ gmW EH$dmŠ`VmnÝZ Z hmo nmVm hmo, Cgo ^r Bg VbnaAà‘mU ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡. bú`‘| aho {H$ `h Aà‘mU hmoZoH$s H$WmemñÌVmËn ©{ZYm©aUH$s gwH$aVmHo$ hoVw VËH$mb‘mÌmW© gr{‘V h¡.

{ÛVr` Vbna ‘hmà w `h ñnîQ>rH$aU XoVo h¢ {H$ EH$ hr ~«ô‘, Š`m|{H$,nañna {damoYm^mgr AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$mo YmaU H$a g¥pîQ>Ho$ ê$n‘| àH$Q>hþdm hmoZogo nañna AZoH$ {déÕ Y‘m]H$m Aml` (co incidentia oppositarum)

~Z J`m h¡. AVEd AZoH${dY emñÌm|Ho$ AZoH${dY dMZm|Ho$ Ûmam Cg Abm¡{H$H$à‘o ê$n ~«ô‘Ho$ nañna {damoYm^mgr {Zê$nU ~«ô‘H$s {déÕY‘m©l`VmHo$ à‘mUhmoVo h¢, {damoYm^mgHo$ H$maU Aà‘mU Zht. Š`m|{H$ VH©$~wÕçm nañna Xmo{déÕV`m ^m{gV hmoVr ~mV| ^r ~«ô‘Ho$ gÝX ©‘| àm‘m{UH$ hmo gH$Vr h¢.3

V¥Vr` Vbna Vmo emñÌr` dMZm|H$s ~mV Vmo Xya H$moB© ^r dMZ, {H$VZm ^rAg§JV `m AW©hrZ Š`m| Z àVrV hmoVm hmo, dh ~«ô‘H$s EH$‘odm{ÛVr`Vm Am¡a{déÕgd©Y‘m©l`VmHo$ H$maU Aà‘mU hmo hr Zht gH$Vm.4

MVwW© Vbna H$mb H$‘© ñd^md àH¥${V `m nwéf go g§K{Q>V Am¡a {Z`pÝÌV

`moJHo$ {d{dY ê$n... gmH$ma ~«÷dmX


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hmoVo ~«ô‘mÊS>‘| AnZr A{MÝË` An[a‘o` `moJ‘m`mHo$ ‘mÜ`‘Ûmam ^JdmZ²brbm H$aVo hmoZogo g¥pîQ>Ho$ AZwëb§¿` {Z`‘m|H$m `WoÀN> Cëb§KZ ^r H$a gH$Voh¢.

Bg Mma Vbm|dmbr àm‘mÊ`ì`ñWmH$m ^br^m§{V ~moY ‘hmà wHo$ {MÝVZHo$JyT> ahñ`m|H$mo gw~moY ~ZmZoH$s Hw$§Or h¡.

Š`m|{H$ ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n‘| Mmho H$moB©, bm¡{H$H$ `m Abm¡{H$H$-dñVw `m{H«$`m, hmo CgHo$ bm¡{H$H$ à‘mUm|go AdJV hmoVo ñdê$n bmoH$ì`dhma‘| àm‘m{UH$V`mA{^‘V hmoZona ^r, emñÌà‘mUgo AdJV hmoVo CgHo$ AÝ`{dY ñdê$nHo$ ~mao‘|AÝ`Wm~moY `m ~mYH$kmZ Zht àH$Q> H$a nmVo. Bgr Vah Cg dñVwHo$ gmWA{^àoV emñÌr` ì`dhma‘| ^r bmoH$mdJV ñdê$n {damoYm^mg àH$Q> Zht H$anmVo. `h Vmo gË` h¡ emñÌr` dMZm|Ûmam à{Vnm{XV ñdê$nHo$ Ho$db emãX~moYhmoZona àË`jmZw y{V‘| bm¡{H$H$ à‘mUm|go AdJV ñdê$n VwaV hr ~m{YV Zht hmoOmVo. Š`m|{H$ emñÌmoŠV ñdê$n Vmo emñÌmon{XîQ> H$‘© kmZ CnmgZm ^pŠV `moJVn d¡am½` Am{X gmYZm|Ho$ AZwð>mZm|Ho$ g’$b hmoZona hr AZw y{VJmoMa hmoZodmbo‘mZo OmVo h¢.

o emñÌmon{XîQ> gmYZm | bmoH$mdJV bm¡{H$H$ `m Abm¡{H$H$ dñVwAm|Ho$ñdê$nH$mo ~m{YV {H$ o {~Zm hr CZ‘| {ZJyT> ñdê$nH$m gmjmËH$ma àXmZ H$aVrh¢. O¡go lrH¥$îU ^JdmZ²Zo AOw©ZH$mo O~ {Xì`ÑpîQ> àXmZ H$s Vmo AOw©ZH$sñd §H$s ÑpîQ>go JmoMa lrH¥$îUH$m ‘mZwf ñdê$n, aÁOwna ^m{gV hmoVo gn©H$sVah, ~m{YV Z hmo H$a Cgr ‘mZwf ñdê$n‘| {ZJy‹T> {damQ²> ñdê$n ^r ÑpîQ>JmoMahmoZo bJm Wm. CXmhaUV`m gyú‘ dñVw‘| {XIbm`r Z XoZodmbr CgH$s O{Q>bg§aMZmH$mo, ‘m`H«$moñH$mon², dñVwH$s gyú‘VmH$mo ñWybVmHo$ ~mYÛmam Zht àË wVCg‘| {ZJy‹T> CgHo$ O{Q>b g§aMZmË‘H$ gyú‘ ñdê$nH$mo ñWybV`m XagmZo bJVmh¡. AWdm earana AdpñWV M‘m©daUHo$ H$maU {XIbm`r Z XoZodmbo ApñWê$nH$mo,O¡go EŠgaoÛmam {b`m J`m {MÌ, M‘m©daUHo$ ^mgH$mo ~m{YV {H$ o {~Zm CgHo$^rVa {ZJy‹T> ApñWn§OaH$mo XagmZo bJVm h¡. VX²dV².

(I) Xygar ~mV Omo na‘ à‘o Ho$ ~mao‘| h¡ dh `h {H$ ‘hmà wHo$ ‘VHo$ AZwgma

lw{V Am{X emñÌm|‘| à{Vnm{XV hmoVm AÛ¡V-Û¡VH$m AË`ÝVm^mdê$n Z hmo H$a-^mdmË‘H$ AÛ¡V h¡. `{X "H$' H$mo gXoH$ag AZm{X-A{dZmer ~«ô‘ ‘mZ| Am¡a"I' "J' "K' Am{XH$mo CËn{Îm-Zmeerb Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘© Am{XH$m Û¡V ‘mZ H$aMb| Vmo ‘hmà wHo$ ‘V‘| A{^àoV g‘rH$aU ""H$=(-I,-J,-K,-...)''ê$n‘| àñVwV Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm. dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo A{^‘V AÛ¡VH$m ñdê$nVmo ""H$=(I,J,K,...)'' ê$noU hr àñVw{V`mo½` h¡. `h N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX²Ho$""Eogm H¡$go gå^d hmo gH$Vm h¡ AgV²go gV² H¡$go n¡Xm hmo gH$Vm h¡? AV…CËn{ÎmZmeerbV`m {XIbm`r XoVm `h g‘J« Û¡VànÄM nhbo gV² hrWm. EH$‘od Am¡a {ÛVrà{hV. CgZo AZoH$ hmoZoH$s R>mZr Am¡a dh AZoH$~Z J`m'' 5 `m| N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX²Ho$ AZwgma CËn{ÎmZmedmZ² VÎdm|H$m {ZJy‹T> ê$ngXoH$ag ~«ô‘ hr {gÕ hmoVm h¡. AVEd Bg gÝX ©‘| ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²H$s ^rXmo ~mV| {deofV`m CëboIZr` h¢. dhm§ `h H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ ""`h n[aÑí`‘mZOJV² nhbo Aì`mH¥$V Wm. Bgo Zm‘-ê$nÛmam ì`mH¥$V {H$`m J`m.''6 ""Zm‘ê$n Am¡a H$‘© H$s Ì`r hmoVr h¡. Bg Ì`rH$m âU ~«ô‘ H$aVm h¡. ~«ô‘ EH$hmoZona ^r {ÌV`mË‘H$ hmoVm h¡. Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$s Ì`r VrZ hmoZona ^r~«ô‘V`m EH$ ~Z OmVr h¡'' 7.

Bg mdmË‘H$ AÛ¡VdmXr {MÝVZHo$ n[aàoú`‘| emñÌmon{XîQ> {d{^ÝZ gmYZm,Zm‘e…, H$‘© kmZ CnmgZm pŠV moJ d¡am½` Vn go Ow‹S>r à‘mU-à‘o ì`dñWmHo$AdbmoH$Z H$a boZona gmYZ-’$bì`dñWmHo$ {d‘em©W© AJ«ga hþdm Om gH$Vmh¡.

CŠV à‘mUà‘o ì`dñWmna Adbpå~V gmYZ’$bgå~ÝYr YmaUm : O¡go {H$ gd©àW‘ H$‘©Ho$ ~mao‘| gmoM| Vmo H$‘© ñd § j{`îUw hmoZoHo$ H$maU

H$‘m]go {‘bVo ’$bH$mo ^r àm`… j{`îUw ‘mZ boZoH$s d¡Mm[aH$ Ym§Yb AZoH${MÝVZm|‘| àH$Q> hþ r h¡. O~{H$ nydm}XmöV lw{VdMZ‘| Xagm`r J`r dmñV{dH$VmVmo `hr h¡ {H$ H$‘©H$m j{`îUw hmoZm Vmo Ho$db CgH$m EH$ bmoH$mZw yV ê$n h¡.{ZJy‹T> ñdê$n Vmo H$‘©H$m ^r ~«mpô‘H$ gXoH$ag hmoZm hr h¡.8 AV… j{`îUw hmoZoHo$AmamonÛmam H$‘© `m CgHo$ ’$b H$mo {‘Ï`m ‘mZZm dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| gwg§JV Zht


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hmoVm. dh H$‘© ñd`§ j{`îUw hmoZoHo$ H$maU H$^r j{`îUw ’$b Vmo H$^rAj{`îUw ’$b ^r H$‘©’$bXmVmHo$ g§H$ën{dYmZHo$ AZwgma àXmZ H$aVm h¡ EogmemñÌ‘| {Zê${nV hþdm h¡.9

Bgr Vah kmZ‘mJu` gmYZm‘| ko ~ZVo Cg na‘ VÎdH$m Xoe-H$mb-dñVwHo$ n[aÀN>oXm|go a{hV hmoZm EH$ BVaì`mdV©H$ AgmYmaU ñdê$n àm`… ‘mZmOmVm h¡. naÝVw bm¡{H$H$ AZw y{V‘| {Og AZw y ‘mZ {df`H$mo h‘ Xoe-H$mb-dñVwHo$ n[aÀN>oXgo EoH$mpÝVH$V`m J«ñV ‘mZVo h¢, do gmaoHo$ gmao Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ Û¡V Cg‘| {ZJy‹T> gXoH$ag ~«ô‘Ho$ VmXmËå`go d§{MV Zht hmoVo. AVEdlrH¥$îUHo$ ‘mZwf ê$nHo$ ~mY {H$ o {~Zm lrH¥$îUHo$ {damQ²> r hmoZoH$s C^`{dYVmH$sVah hr àË oH$ {df` AnZr C^`{dYVmH$s dmñV{dH$Vm ~«ô‘kmZrHo$ g‘j hràH$Q> H$aVm h¡. AVEd ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ "" «‘mË‘H$ kmZHo$ CXmhaU‘| ^rHo$db h‘mar g‘P hr ‘m{`H$ m {‘Ï`m hmoVr h¡. AÝ`Wm «‘mË‘H$ kmZHo${df` Vmo ñd § ^JdmZ² hr hmoVo h¢'',""AUwn[a‘mU ^r ~«ô‘ gd©Ì ì`mnH$hmo gH$Vm h¡. lrH¥$îU AnZr ‘mVm èmoXmH$s JmoX‘| boQ>m hþdm ahZona ^rgH$b ~«ô‘mÊS>H$m AmYma ~Z gH$Vm h¡''10 AVEd kmZ‘mJu` gmYZmHo$n[anŠd hmoZona gd©Ì àH$Q> hmoVr ~«ô‘mZw y{V dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| gd©~mYnyd©H$Zht A{nVw gd© bm¡{H$H$ dñVw{df`m|Ho$ rVa AÝV`m©{‘V`m AdpñWV na‘mË‘mH$mAZwXe©Z hmoVm h¡.11

H$‘© VWm kmZ H$s gmYZmAm|Ho$ ~mao‘| Bg ñnîQ>rH$aUH$mo ^br^m§{V ~w{ÕJVH$a boZona CnmgZm ^pŠV AWdm `moJ H$s gmYZmAm|Ho$ àH$ma‘| ^r Š`m H$pënVê$n ’$bàX hmoVm h¡ `m dmñV{dH$ ê$n Bg Xw{dYmH$m Vmo‹S> gabV`m hñVJVhmo OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ^pŠVH$s gmYZm‘| AZÝVZm‘ê$nH$‘m© ~«ô‘Ho$ {H$gr ê$n-Zm‘-H$‘©{deof‘| {deofmgpŠVê$n Omo ^pŠV^md gmJ«h ê$‹T> hmoVm h¡, dhÔZr`Ho$ dmñV{dH$ ñdê$nH$s A`WmW© ñdrH¥${V h¡ `m `WmW© ñdrH¥${V? BgrVah `moJgmYZm‘| ^r `‘-{Z`‘-AmgZ-àmUm`m‘-àË`mhmaÛmam {Z‘©b ~Zo{MÎm‘| EH$mJ«VmH$s CnbpãYHo$ hoVw Omo Ü`mZ-YmaUmJ§V`m Ü o ê$nH$s H$ënZmH$s OmVr h¡, dh {MÎmH$mo Ho$db EH$mJ« ~ZmZoHo$ hoVw Š`m ‘Z‘| Ü o `m YmaUr`ê$nH$s ì`mdhm[aH$ Cn`mo{JVm (Utilitarian Value ‹) hmoVr h¡ `m dñVwV…bmoH$m oÎma AmÜ`mpË‘H$ `m Am{YX¡{dH$ (‹Transcendental Truth-

corresponding Value‹) VÏ`? o àíZ CâVo h¢. o àíZ d¡gr AZw y{Vgo

a{hV {gÕmÝV{dX² Am¡a gmYZm{deofHo$ AZwê$n nZnr AZw y{V{deof H$aZodmbogmYH$ Ho$ ~rM ~hþYm {dg§dmX I‹S>m H$a XoVo h¢. dmëb^ doXmÝVH$m A{^àm`Bg {df`‘| gwñnîQ>V`m `h h¡ {H$ CpëbpIV à‘mUMVwîQ>`rH$s EH$dmŠ`VmnÝZeãXamerHo$ ~bna Eogo ê$nm|H$mo {‘Ï`m `m ‘m{`H$ ‘mZ boZm A{Zdm © ZhthmoVm.12 Bg {df`H$s à~bV‘ Cnn{Îm dmëb^ doXmÝV `h ‘mZVm h¡ {H$ {H$gr^r ì`dhmamon`moJr `m ì`dhmamZwn`moJr ‘mZ{gH$ àË``Ho$ AZwê$n Xoe-H$mb-dñVwHo$ Z hmoZona hr ‘mZ{gH$ àË`` AW©a{hV hmoZoHo$ H$maU A`WmW© `m {‘Ï`m‘mZm OmVm h¡. CXmhaUV`m H$moB© `moJgmYH$ KQ>mË`ÝVm^mddmbo Xoe-H$mb‘|KQ>mH¥${VH$s Ü`mZ-YmaUÛmam {MÎmH$mo EH$mJ« ~ZZm MmhVm hmo Vmo CgHo$KQ>¡H$mJ«{MÎm‘| KQ>oVa dñVwH$m AZd^mg VWm KQ>‘mÌH$m Ad^mg ~mh² OJV²‘|KQ>H$s gÎmmH$m à‘mU ~Z Zht OmVm. na~«ô‘ Vmo, naÝVw, gd©Xoe gd©H$mb VWmgd©dñVwê$n hmoZogo ñd § ‘Zmoê$noU r dhr àH$Q> hþdm hmoZogo13VWm ‘ZmoÜ`mVê$noU^r dh dhm§ ‘Z‘| ‘mZgrZ ê$n‘| {dÚ‘mZ hmoZoHo$ H$maU hr ~«ô‘{df`H$ê$nH$ënZm H$^r A`WmW© Zht ‘mZr Om gH$Vr.

AVEd `moJgmYZm‘| AWdm d¡am½`gmYZm‘| Omo `‘-{Z`‘-àË`mhmam¡n{`H$AWdm Ë`mJm¡n{`H$ Omo XmofXe©Z `m ho Vm~w{Õ Ano{jV hmoVr h¡, dhm§ ^r Bg^mdmË‘H$ AÛ¡VH$s YmaUmHo$ AZwê$n Xmof `m ho Vm ñd §‘| Xmofê$n Z hmo H$a’$b{deofm¡n{`H$ gmYZmHo$ gr{‘V gÝX ©‘| hr gXmof `m ho hmo gH$Vo h¢.CXmhaUV`m J§JmOb ^r ‘{XamnmÌ‘| Ano O¡go ~Z OmVm h¡, VX²dV².14

dmëb^ doXmÝVH$s Adí`kmVì` BZ àm½YmaUmAm|Ho$ g§jon‘| {Zê$nUHo$~mX `moJgmYZmgå~ÝYr CgH$s AdYmaUmAm|Ho$ {OkmgmW© AJ«ga hþdm OmgH$Vm h¡.`moJH$s A{Zdm`©VmH$m, Jm¡UVmH$m Am¡a/AWdm à‘wIVmH$m dmëb^doXmÝVm{^‘V ñdê$n :

^mJdVnwamU‘| H$‘© kmZ Am¡a ^pŠV ê$nr VrZ hr gmYZmAm|H$mo `moJHo$ê$n‘| ‘mÝ` H$aHo$ BZ VrZ moJm|Ho$ Abmdm AÝ` {H$gr r gmYZmH$m AmË`pÝVH$lo …gmYZ hmoZm AñdrH$mam J`m h¡ : ""`moJm… Ì`mo ‘`m àmoŠVm… Z¥Um§ lo mo{d{YËg`m kmZ§ H$‘© M pŠV… M Zmonm`mo AÝ`mo ApñV Hw$Ì{MV². {Z{d©ÊUmZm§


208 209

kmZ`moJ… Ý`m{gZm‘² Bh H$‘©gw, Vofw A{Z{d©ÊU{MÎmmZm§ H$‘© moJñVw H$m{‘Zm§,`ÑÀN>`m ‘ËH$WmXm¡ OmVlÕñVw `… nw‘mZ² Z {Z{d©ÊUmo Zm{VgŠVmo^pŠV`moJmo Añ` {g{ÕX…''15. `hm§ BZ gmYZmAm|Ho$ hoVw {Og-{Og VahH$s{Ì{dY A{YH$m[aVmAm|Ho$ bjU {Z{X©îQ> hþdo h¢ CZH$m AmnmVV… AdbmoH$ZH$aZona Eogm ^r àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ BZ‘|go {H$gr ^r A{YH$marHo$ {b o ñdVÝÌ`moJgmYZmH$s Cn`mo{JVm {gÕ hmoZr Zht Mm{hò. ‘hmà^wZo naÝVw AnZoVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY VWm ~mb~moY Zm‘H$ J«ÝWm|‘| ‘wpŠV Am¡a VËgmYH$ Cnm`m|Ho$Hw$N> à oX g‘Pm o h¢ :

h‘ XoI gH$Vo h¢ doXm{Xà‘mUMVwîQ>`mon{XîQ> ‘mojH$s àmpßVHo$ Cnm`m|H$sg§»`m {Z`V VrZ hr ‘mZr J`r h¡, {Og‘| A§J^mdmnÝZV`m `moJàUmbrH$moAÝV y©V ‘mZ {b`m J`m hmoZogo BÝh| "H$‘©' "kmZ' `m "^pŠV' H$hZoHo$ ~Om`^JdX²JrVm‘| ^r "H$‘©`moJ' "kmZ`moJ' `m "^pŠV`moJ' hr H$hm OmVm h¡.‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Ho$ J«ÝWm|‘| VWm Cn{XîQ> gmYZmàUmbr‘| ^pŠV‘mJu`gmYZmna {‘bVo à{VnmXZ^maHo$ H$maU VWm CZHo$ J«ÝWm|H$m Jå^ra AdJmhZZ H$aZoHo$ H$maU ~hþg§»`H$ {dÛmZm|Ho$ ^rVa ^r EH$ {‘Ï`m YmaUm Ka H$a ~¡R>r

h¡ {H$ dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ‘wpŠVH$m EH$‘mÌ gmYZ ^pŠV‘mJ©H$mo hr ‘mZm J`m h¡.

dmñV{dH$Vm O~{H$ `h h¡ CpëbpIV Vm{bH$m‘| {Z{X©îQ> {H$Z-{H$ZCnm`m|H$mo ‘hmà^wZo ‘wpŠVàX Zht ‘mZm h¡? d¡go `h Vmo emñÌm|‘| ‘wpŠVHo$Cnm`V`m Cn{XîQ> gmYZm|H$s ~mV hþ r. AÝ`Wm emñÌmon{XîQ> Cnm`m|Ho$ {Z`‘Vmo ‘w‘wjw OrdmË‘mHo$ {b o hr ~ÝYZH$mar hmo gH$Vo h¢ ñd § na‘oídaHo$ {b o Zht.AVEd yVbna àH$Q> hmoVr AdVmabrbm‘| ^JdmZ² BZ {Z`‘m|H$mo ñW{JV H$aHo$^r ‘wpŠV àXmZ H$aVo h¢. dh ^r dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ^JdmZ²H$s AdVmabrbmHo$ê$n‘| ‘mÝ` aIm J`m h¡. Š`m|{H$ ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îU‘| emñÌ{ZpÝXV Oma^mdaIZodmbr Jmo{nH$mAm|H$mo Š`m|-H¡$go JdËàmpßV eŠ` hþ r? Eogr amOm nar{jV²H$s{Okmgm emÝV H$aZoH$mo lrewH$‘w{ZZo ^mJdVnwamU‘| `h ñnîQ>rH$aU {X`m {H$^JdmZ²Ho$ gmW Ûof^md aIZodmbm|H$mo ^r `{X ^JdmZ² ‘wpŠV àXmZ H$a gH$Vohm| Vmo H$m‘^md aIZodmbr Jmo{nH$mAm|H$mo Š`m| ‘wpŠVXmZ Zht H$a gH$Vo^JdmZ²H$m yVbna AdVma {H$gr ^r OrdHo$ {Z…lo g²H$mo {gÕ H$aZoH$mo hþdmhmo Vmo H$m‘^md H«$moY^md ^`^md ñZoh^md EoŠ`^md gm¡öX^md ‘|go, {Og{H$gr ^mdHo$ de Ord ^JdmZ²Ho$ gmW AMÄMb ÑT>VmHo$ gmW ~§Y nm o, dhCgo ^JdÝ‘` ~Z nmZo‘| {Z{‘Îm ~Z OmVm h¡16. Eogr pñW{V‘| emñÌmon{XîQ> {H$gr^r {ZXm}f Cnm`H$mo ‘wpŠVàXV`m ñdrH$maZo‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo {H$gr ^rVahH$s Amn{Îm hmo hr H¡$go gH$Vr h¡? AVEd Bg Vm{bH$m‘| lwË`m{X emñÌm|‘|Cn{XîQ> H$‘©kmZ^pŠVê$n ~«mpô‘H$ Cnm`m|H$s Vah ~«ô‘Ho$ AdaXodê$nm|H$mAdbå~Z H$aZoH$mo CnbjUV`m e¡d-d¡îUd nm¡am{UH$ m AmJ‘mon{XîQ> Cnm`m|H$mohr Ho$db Zht àË wV ‘w‘wjwHo${b o {ZOmË‘mdbå~r gm§»`-`moJê$nr Cnm`m|H$mo^r ‘wpŠVàX ‘mZm hr J`m h¡.

~«mpô‘H$s ‘wpŠV‘| EH$‘mÌ Cnm` ^JdËH¥$n¡H$bä` ~«ô‘{dÚmHo$ nm§Mndm]‘| `moJ ^r EH$ nd© :

d¡go Bg {ddmXmñnX ‘wÔoHo$ ^rVa dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ {ZJy‹T> ahñ`H$mo OmZZmhmo Vmo h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ‘wpŠVH$m EH$‘mÌ gmjmV² hoVw Vmo ^JdËH¥$n¡H$bä`~«ô‘{dÚmê$n hr ‘hmà^wH$mo A{^‘V h¡. "~«ô‘{dÚm' `m{Z emñÌmon{XîQ>~«ô‘ñdê$nH$m `WmdX² Ad~moY. Bg ~«ô‘{dÚmHo$ H$maU ~«mpô‘H$s A{dÚm O~


‘moj

doXm{Xà‘mUMVwîQ> mon{XîQ

Amfm©J‘mon{XîQ>

(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 1&17-19,~mb~moY : 1-18)

d¡îUdmJ‘mo{XîQ>‘mJ©V…gm§»`mJ‘mon{XîQ>‘mJ©V…

`moJmJ‘mon{XîQ>‘mJ©V…

naVmo

ñdVmo

e¡dmJ‘mon{XîQ>‘mJ©V…

Am¡n{ZfX~«ô‘{df`H$ pŠVbä`

Am¡n{ZfX~«ô‘kmZbä`

{ZîH$m‘lm¡VH$‘©bä`

210 211

ZîQ> hmo nm o V^r ‘wpŠV gå^d h¡.

O¡gm {H$ h‘ XoI Am o VXZwgma ñd § ~«ô‘ hr AnZo {MX§e yV OrdmË‘mAm|‘|{ZO A§er ~«ô‘Ho$ `m OrdHo$ ~«ô‘m§e hmoZoHo$ AmË‘^mZH$mo {Vamo{hV `m Am{d y©VH$aVm h¡. o {Vamo md `m Am{d^m©d dh AnZr A{dÚm `m {dÚm epŠVAm|Ho$Ûmam H$aVm h¡. A{dÚm epŠVHo$ Ûmam ~«ô‘ AnZo {MX§e‘| AÝV…H$aUmÜ`mgàmUmÜ`mg BpÝÐ`mÜ`mg XohmÜ`mg ñdê$nmkmZ àH$Q> H$aVm hmoZogo OrdmË‘mgpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘H$m gmjmV² {MX§e hmoZona ^r Cgo OmZ Zht nmVr. A{dÚmHo$o nm§M nd© {Zd¥Îm hmoVo h¢ nÄMndm© {dÚmepŠVÛmam. o nm§M nd© Bg Vah {JZm o

J o h¢ : 1.d¡am½` 2.gm§»` 3.`moJ 4.Vn 5.^pŠV. BZH$m ñdê$n g‘PmVo hþdo‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ : g~go àW‘ EopÝÐ`H$ {df`m|‘| {dV¥îUm OJZr {dÚmH$m àW‘nd© hmoVm h¡. CgHo$ ~mX Xygao nd©Ûmam {ZË`m{ZË` dñVwH$m O~ {ddoH$ àH$Q> hmoVmh¡ V~ A{ZË` nXmWm]‘| ‘‘VmH$m Zme hmo nmZoHo$ H$maU CZH$m Ë`mJ eŠ` ~ZnmVm h¡. Vrgao nd© `moJÛmam EH$mÝV‘| `‘-{Z`‘-AmgZ-àmUm`m‘-àË`mhma-YmaUm-Ü`mZ-g‘m{Yê$n AîQ>m§J `moJH$s gmYZm Amdí`H$ hmoVr h¡. Mm¡Wo nd©VnHo$ ê$n‘| g{dMma AmbmoMZHo$ gmW g‘m{Ydmbr EH$mJ«VmH$mo {Z^mZm hmoVmh¡. Bg Vah {ZaÝVa ^mdZm H$aVo ahZona na‘mË‘m‘| na‘ào‘ àH$Q> hmoZona~«ô‘{dÚm ~«ô‘^mZ H$amZo gj‘ ~Z OmVr h¡. Bg ~«ô‘{dÚmHo$ ’$bñdê$nA§e yV OrdmË‘m A§er‘| brZ hmo nmVr h¡.17

gmao ‘wŠË wnm` OrdmË‘mH$mo ‘wpŠVàXmZ H$aZoH$s ^Jd{XÀN>mHo$ AdmÝVaì`mnma hmoVo h¢ :

Bg ‘mo‹S>na Xmo Am¡a ~mV| Am¡a kmVì` hmo OmVr h¢. gd©àW‘ Vmo `h {H$emñÌmon{XîQ> {OVZo r ‘mojmonm` ñdrH$mao m {dMmao Om gH$Vo hm|, {ZandmXV`m,do g^r ‘wpŠVgmYZV`m A{^‘V Z hmo H$a, dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ^JdmZ²H$s ‘wpŠVàXmZ H$aZoH$s BÀN>m `m H¥$nm Ho$ AdmÝVaì`mnmaê$n hr ‘mZo J o h¢. O¡gm{H$do ñd § H$hVo h¢ : Omo r H$‘© kmZ ^pŠV gm§»` `moJ Vn d¡am½` Am{X ‘wpŠVHo$Cnm`V`m ‘mZo OmVo h¢ do na‘mË‘mH$s H¥$nmHo$ AdmÝVaì`mnma hmoZoHo$ H$maU hrAZoH${dY ’$b àXmZ H$aZo gj‘ hmo nmVo h¢. dñVwV… Vmo ^JdmZ²H$s H¥$nm hrHo$db ‘wpŠVH$m AZÝ`gmYZ hmoVr h¡.18 Xygao {H«$`màYmZ lm¡V-H$‘©‘mJ©,

emÝVagàYmZ Am¡n{ZfX-kmZ‘mJ©, ^JdÐgmZw^y{VàYmZ JrVm^mJdVmoŠV-^pŠV‘mJ©, Ë`mJàYmZ gm§»`‘mJ©; AWdm g§`‘d¡am½`àYmZ `moJ‘mJ© Am{Xg^r Cnm` na~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ²Ho$ {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$nH$mo àH$Q> H$aZoHo$ hoVwVmo ~ZVo h¢, ^JdmZ², {H$ÝVw, Cnm`m|Ho$ ñd^mdm|Ho$ AZwê$n hr àH$Q> hmoVo h¢.na‘mZÝX ñdê$n na~«ô‘ pŠV`moJÛmam àH$Q> hmoZona pŠVHo$ na‘ào‘ê$n ñd^mdHo$AZwê$n AnZm na‘{à` ê$n `m na‘mZÝX àH$Q> H$aVo h¢. AV… ‘wpŠV AZoH$Cnm`m|go eŠ` hmoZona ^r ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñdê$nmZÝX Am¡a CgH$s AZw y{Vgo hmoVogwI‘| VmaVå` hmoVm ‘mZm J`m h¡.

gm§»`‘mJ© ‘mZm| ^JdËñdê$nmZÝXH$s AZw y{VHo$ A^md‘| A{dÚmdemV²hmoVo Xw…IH$mo ghZ H$aZoH$s j‘VmÛmam {‘bVm gwI àXmZ H$aVm h¡. O¡go ß`mgbJr hmo Am¡a H$moB© Cgo ghZ H$a nmZoHo$ H$maU Xw…Ir Z hmo nmVm hmo d¡go. moJ‘mJ©‘mZm| ß`mg bJZona Hw$Am ImoX H$a ObnmZ H$aZo ñdmdbå~r ~Z OmZo O¡gmCnm` h¡. ^pŠV‘mJ© Vmo ‘mZm| {H$gr ß`mgo ì`pŠVHo$ ewÕg{bbm g[aV²Ho${H$Zmaona Om ~gZo O¡gr ~mV ~Z OmVr h¡. O~ Mmhmo {OVZm Mmhmo CVZm Obgd©Xm {Zam`mg CnbãY ahZoHo$ O¡gr H$Wm19

`moJ‘mJu` Cnm`m|Ho$ àôX-H$‘©kmZ^pŠVHo$ A§J^mdde ^r VWmñdmVÝÍ`de ^r :

~«ô‘gyÌ‘| {ÛVr` A{damoYmÜ`m`Ho$ àW‘nmX‘| O¡go gm§»`-`moJ {MÝVZH$mAlm¡V hmoZm àñWm{nV {H$`m J`m h¡. Cgr Vah BZ ~«ô‘gyÌm|Ho$ CnOrì` ñd §AZoH$ lw{VdMZm|‘|, eãXe…, ""{ZË`mo {ZË`mZm§ MoVZ… MoVZmZm‘² EH$mo ~hÿZm§{dXYm{V H$m‘mZ² VV² H$maU§ gm§»``moJm{YJå`§ kmËdm Xod§ ‘wÀ`Vogd©nme¡…'',""`Xm nÄM Ad{Vð>ÝVo kmZm{Z ‘Zgm gh ~w{Õ… M Z{dMoîQ>{V Vm‘² Amhþ… na‘m§ JqV, Vm§ "`moJ‘²' B{V ‘Ý`ÝVo pñWam‘²BpÝÐ`YmaUm‘²''20 gÑe dMZm|‘| Am¡n{ZfX nwéfH$mo gm§»``moJJå` ^r ‘mZmJ`m h¡. Bg {damoYm^mgHo$ n[ahmahoVw ‘hmà wH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ gm§»`‘V AZoH$ê$nm|‘| CnbãY hmoVm h¡ naÝVw gm§»`‘VHo$ {Og àH$ma‘| gH$b 28 VÎdm|H$mo^JdÐÿn ‘mZm J`m hmo Cgo àm‘m{UH$ VWm AÝ`H$mo Aàm‘m{UH$ ‘mZ H$a MbZmMm{h o. Bgr Vah `moJ ^r {Og‘| ^JdmZ²Ho$ Ü`mZH$m CnXoe {‘bVm hmo Cgo hràm‘m{UH$ ‘mZZm Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ `moJ, ‘yb‘| Vmo {MÎmd¥{ÎmH$mo {ZéÕ H$aZoHo$


212 213

Cnm`m|H$m {ddaU h¡. `{X `moJH$mo ^JdmZ²Ho$ Ü`mZmW© A§JV`m Cn`moJmh© ~Zm`mOm gH$Vm hmo Vmo hr Cgo àm‘m{UH$ g‘PZm Mm{h o. Omo {Zarída`moJH$m àH$ma{H$gr VahHo$ ’$bH$mo {gÕ H$aZodmbm ‘mZm OmVm h¡ AWdm Xoh BpÝÐ` Am{XgoOw‹S>r {g{ÕAm|Ho$ gmYH$ {XIbm o OmVo h¢ CÝh| Aà‘mU ‘mZZm Mm{h o. d¡gona‘oídaHo$ Ü`mZH$s ar{V Z hmoZona ^r `{X OrdmË‘mH$mo na‘mË‘mH$m A§e ‘mZH$a AmË‘~moYmW© Omo {H$gr VahH$s à{H«$`mH$m CnXoe H$aVo hm| Vmo ^r àm‘m{UH$‘mZZo‘| H$moB© Amn{Îm Zht. Š`m|{H$ d¡am½` kmZ `moJ ào‘ `m Vn ‘|go {H$gr EH$Cnm`Ho$ Ûmam ^r na‘oídaH$m Ñ‹T> ÔZ H$aZogo {g{Õ {‘bVr hr h¡.

nÄMndm© {dÚmH$m A§J yV `moJ : {’$a^r C{MV Vmo `hr hmoVm h¡ {H$ {dÚmHo$ nm§Mm| ndm]go gånÝZ hmo H$a

^JdmZ²Ho$ ÔZ‘| namÙ hmoZm Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ BZ nm§M ndm]‘| àW‘ nd© d¡am½`h¡, {OgHo$ A^md‘| ^JdXmdoe Z hmo nmZoHo$ H$maU ^JdX² OZ hr gwMméV`mgånÝZ Zht hmo nmVm. Xygam nd© g^r ^JdËg¥îQ> nXmWm]H$m Am¡a ñd § g¥îQ>mH$m^r `WmW© kmZ hmoVm h¡. BgHo$ A^md‘| gmYH$ {H$gr VahH$m gmYZ{ZíM` hrZ H$a nmZoHo$ H$maU CnH«$‘ hr br^m§{V Zht H$a nmVm. Bgr Vah JdX² OZ‘|VËna hmoZodmboHo$ ‘ZH$mo AMÄMb ~ZmZoH$mo, AÝ`Wm ÔZ hr {Z^ Zht nmVmhmoZogo, `moJ ^r Vrgam Amdí`H$ A§J hmoVm h¡. Mm¡Wo nd© ào‘H$mo Bg{b o~«ô‘{dÚmH$m A§J ‘mZZm Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$ AÝ`Wm ÔZ ñdV… nwéfmW©ê$n ZahZogo ^pŠVag hr A{^ì`ŠV Zht hmo nmVm. nm§Md| nd© VnH$s Amdí`H$Vm XohAm{X‘| AmË‘~w{ÕH$mo g§ V H$aZoHo$ H$maU ‘mZZr n‹S>Vr h¡. o nm§Mm| EH$ gmWgYZo Xwb© hmoZogo Jm¡U njV`m BZ‘| {H$gr EH$ nd©H$mo gmYZm ^r CÎm‘V`m{~aXm`m J`m h¡. hm§ ~«ô‘{dÚm§J yVm Jm¡Ur pŠV VWm Jm¡U moJ H$mo gm‘mÝ`ê$noU{dÚmH$m nd© ‘mZ H$a `moJH$s ^r Cn`mo{JVm Cn{XîQ> hþ r h¡.21

nm¡am{UH$ ZdYm ^pŠVHo$ A§JV`m `moJH$s Cn`mo{JVm : Bgr Vah ldU H$sV©Z ñ‘aU nmXgodZ AM©Z dÝXZ Xmñ` g»` Am¡a

AmË‘{ZdoXZ ê$nm nm¡am{UH$s ZdYm pŠVHo$ A§JV`m r moJmonm`m|H$mo AnZmZona‘hmà w ^ma XoVo h¢ ""`moJg{hVÔZo ào‘''22.

Bg pŠVHo$ A§J yV moJH$s à{H«$`m{d{YH$m {Zê$nU mJdVnwamU‘| AZoH$Ì{H$`m J`m h¡. CXmhaUV`m {ÛVr`ñH$ÝYHo$ àW‘ Am¡a {ÛVr` AÜ`m`m|‘| ‘¥Ë wgonyd© Adí` AZwgaUr` ^JdmZ²Ho$ {damQ²> ñdê$n `m àmXoe‘mÌ ñdê$n Ho$ Ü`mZ-YmaUmH$s {d{Y g‘Pm`r J`r h¡. `hm§ ^pŠVHo$ AmÚ VrZ ldU H$sV©Z ñ‘aUA§Jm|Ho$ Cnm§JV`m m¡{JH$ à{H«$`m Cn{XîQ> hþ r h¡. Bgr Vah H${nb-Xodhÿ{Vg§dmXOmo V¥Vr`ñH$ÝY‘| g{dñVa {Zê${nV hþdm h¡ dhm§ ^r Ü`mZ`moJH$m {Zê$nU{‘bVm h¡. BZ A§em|na ‘hmà^wH$s gw~mo{YZr ì`m»`m CnbãY hmoZogo Bg{df`H$m {dñV¥V AdJmhZ Vmo dhtgo H$a boZm C{MV hmoJm. {’$a^r Hw$N> g§{jßVñdê$nn[aM` nmZoH$mo gå~Õm§em|H$mo CÕ¥V H$aZm C{MV hmoJm. `Wm-

""AÝVH$mboVw nwéf… AmJVo JVgmÜdg… {N>ÝÚmX² Ag§JeñÌoUñn¥hm§ Xoho AZw o M V§... Yra… nwÊ`VrW©ObmßbwV… ewMm¡ {d{dŠVAmgrZmo {d{YdV² H$pënVmgZo Aä`goX² ‘Zgm ewÕ§ {Ìd¥X² ~«ô‘mja§na‘². ‘Zmo `ÀN>oX² {OVídmgmo ~«ô‘~rO‘² AZwñ‘aZ². {Z`ÀN>oX²{df oä`mo AjmZ² ‘Zgm ~w{Õgma{W…. ‘Z… H$‘©{^… Am{jßV§ ew mW}YmaòX² {Y`m. VÌ EH$md`d§ Ü`mòX² Aì`wpÀN>ÝZoZ MoVgm. ‘Zmo{Z{d©f § wŠË`m VV… {H$pÄMZ² Z g§ñ‘aoV². nX§ VV² na‘§ {dîUmo… ‘Zmo`Ì àgrX{V. aOñV‘moä`m‘² Am{jßV§ {d‘yT>§ ‘Z… AmË‘Zmo `ÀN>oX²YmaU`m Yra… hpÝV `m VËH¥$V§ ‘b‘². `Ì gÝYm ©‘mUmZm§ `mo{JZ…^pŠVbjU… Amew gånÚVo `m oJ… Aml`§ ^Ð‘²BjV…''(^mJ.nwam.2&1&15-21). BgH$s ì`m»`m‘| ‘hmà wZo `hm§ Cn{XîQ> `moJm§Jm|H$s Cn`mo{JVm Am¡a CZH$m

ñdê$n g‘Pm`m h¡ : Bg Ü`mZ{d{YH$mo Ho$db AÝVH$mb‘| Cn`mo{JZr Zhtg‘PZm Mm{hò. `h Vmo gdm©Ë‘Zm gd©Xm AZwgaUr` Ü`mZnÕ{V h¡. `hm§Am¡n{Zf{XH$ ‘ZZ-{Z{XÜ`mgZH$m {Zê$nU A{^b{fV h¡. ‘ZZH$m ‘Vb~ hmoVmh¡ wpŠVnyd©H$ lwV{df`H$m AZw{MÝVZ. ^JdmZ²H$mo lmoVì` H$hm AV… ^JdmZ²Š`m-H¡$go h¢ Eogr AmH$m§jm hmo Vmo OmZZm Mm{h o {H$ gdm©Ë‘m gd©nwéfmW©ê$ngd©’$bgmYH$ gd©ê$n hmoVo h¢. `hm§ n[aÑí`‘mZ g~ Hw$N> ^JdÐÿn H¡$go hmogH$Vm h¡? Bg AmH$m§jmH$s ny{V©Ho$ hoVw AZoH$ lw{V`m|‘| à‘mU Xagm o hr J oh¢. naÝVw Cg ^md `m Ü`mZ H$mo Ñ‹T> ~ZmZoH$mo g‘J« OJV²H$m ^JdmZ²Ho$ eara‘|


214 215

A§Jmonm§JV`m YmaUm{d{YÛmam {dÝ`mg H$a CZ g^rH$m Ü`mZ H$aZm Mm{h o.Š`m|{H$ Ü`m`‘mZH$m H$Xm{MV² gmjmËH$ma hmoZoH$s eŠ`Vm‘| ^JdmZ²Ho$ d¡goñdê$nH$mo ñdrH$ma nmZo bm`H$ h‘mar gÝZÕVm hmoZr Amdí`H$ hmoVr h¡. Bgg‘J« {df`ànÄMH$mo ^JdX²{dJ«h‘| XoIZoH$s à{H«$`m‘| ì`dYmZ CnñWm{nVH$aZodmbo AhÝVm-‘‘VmñnX {df`m|go ‘ZH$m ì`mg§J Ag§JeñÌgo H$mQ>-Nw>‹S>mZmAmdí`H$ hmoVm h¡. CgHo$ ~mX erV-J«rî‘ Am{XH$s ~mYm‘| AnZm Y¡ © Z ImoXoZm Mm{h o. EVmdVm `hm§ Aqhgm gË` AñVo Ag§J õr Ag§M` AmpñVŠ`~«ô‘M © ‘m¡Z ñW¡ © j‘m A^` em¡M On Vn hmo‘ lÕm Am{VÏ` ^JdXM©ZVrWm©Q>Z namW© Bhm VwpîQ> AmMm ©godZ ê$nr `‘m|H$m {dYmZ Cn{XîQ> hþdm h¡...`hm§ "nwÊ`VrW©Ob' Ho$ {dYmZgo CÕ¥V Ob Am¡a H$må`VrWm] H$m Ë`mJ Úmo{VV{H$`m J`m h¡. Bg `moJH$m Aä`mg EH$mÝV‘| n{dÌ M¡bm{OZHw$emoÎmaàH$mago ~ZoAmgZna ~¡R>ZoHo$ A{^àm`de h¡. g~rO àmUm`m‘ H$aZona erK« hr ídmgdm wpñWa hmoZo bJVr h¡. AH$ma CH$ma Am¡a ‘H$ma ê$n {Ìd¥X² ~«ô‘mjam|go g§K{Q>VdU©Ì`mË‘H$ ~«ô‘dmMH$ EH$ ›H$mago àmUm`m‘H$m Aä`mg Ano{jV hmoVm h¡.Eogm H$aZogo ídmgdm wna O` àmßV hmoZo bJVm h¡. Omo gm§gH$mo OrV Zht nmVmdh ‘ZH$mo ^r OrV Zht nmVm. ‘ZH$mo OrV nmZodmbm hr BpÝÐ`m|H$mo OrV nmVmh¡. {df`m|‘| Xmof~w{Õ AWm©V² `moJmä`mg‘| {d¿ZH$maH$ hmoZoH$s ~w{Õ ‘ZH$sghm{`H$m ~Z gH$Vr h¡. ‘Z C^`{dY kmZopÝÐ` VWm H$‘}pÝÐ` ê$n hmoZogo{df`m|go CgHo$ {ZdmaUH$s Vah `moJ‘| {d¿ZH$mar H$‘m]go ^r ‘ZH$m {ZdmaUàË`mhmaÛmam H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡. Eogm {gÕ hmo OmZona ^JdmZ²H$s gm§Jmonm§J ‘mZgr‘y{V© K‹S> H$a Cg ^JdÝ‘y{V©Ho$ gdm©d`dm|‘| ‘ZH$mo ñWm{nV H$aZm "YmaUm'H$hbmVr h¡. EH$ {H$gr Ad`d‘| ‘ZH$mo ñWm{nV H$aZm "Ü`mZ' H$hbmVm h¡.^JdÝ‘y{V©Ho$ EH$-EH$ Ad`dm|H$m H«$‘e… nañna g§píbîQ>V`m Ü`mZ H$aZmMm{h o. Bg Vah Ü`mZ {gÕ hmo OmZona Bg Ü`mV‘y{V©H$m Ü`mZ ~§X H$a Hw$N>H$mbHo$ {b o ‘ZH$mo gd©Wm {Z{d©f` ah nmZoH$m Aä`mgr ~ZZo XoZo Mm{h o. BgÜ`mZa{hV ~ZmZoH$s à{H«$`m‘| O~ ‘Z ñd`‘od àgÝZ hmo H$a JdmZ²Ho$ Ü`mZmH$ma‘|n[aUV hmo nm o V~ g‘PZm Mm{h o {H$ ^JdÝ‘y{V© A~ AÝV…H$aUHo$ ~Om`^JdmZ²Ho$ {ÌJwUmVrV {Xì` AjaYm‘ `m VX§e yV ñd § OrdmË‘m H$mo AnZmA{Yð>mZ ~Zm H$a Xe©Z XoZo bJr h¡. Bg YmaUmHo$ H$maU `moJrH$mo erK« hr^pŠVbjU `moJ {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX amOm nar{jVZo àíZ {H$`m {H$ Eogr YmaUm H¡$go H$aZr? H$`m‘mZgr ‘y{V© ~Zm H$a dhm§ ‘Z ñWm{nV H$aZm Mm{h o AWdm `WmlwV ê$nH$s‘mZgr ‘mZgr ‘y{V© K‹S>Zr Mm{h o. ^JdmZ² Vmo AZÝV‘y{V© h¢ AV… CZ‘| H¡$gr‘y{V©Ho$ ~mao‘| g^r `mo{JOZm|H$s {ZandmX gh‘{V h¡. H¡$gr ‘y{V©? Bg àíZH$mA{^àm` ê$nàYmZ `m Y‘©àYmZ ñWyb `m gyú‘? {ZamH$ma `m gmH$ma? emÝV`m gmJ«h ^JdÝ‘y{V©H$m Ü`mZ YaZogo gmao ‘Zmo‘b {Zd¥Îm hmo nmVo h¢?

BgHo$ g‘mYmZV`m lrewH$‘w{ZZo gd©àW‘ Vmo ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñWyb ê$nH$m Ü`mZYaZm C{MV ‘mZm h¡. `h ñWybVm gmao ñWyb OJV²H$mo ^JdmZ²Ho$ {dJ«h‘| `mo{OVH$a ^JdmZ²H$s {damQ²> ‘mZgr ‘y{V© K‹S>ZoH$s à{H«$`mÛmam gånÝZ hmoVr h¡. EVXW©nmVmbH$m ^JdmZ²Ho$ nmX‘ybm|‘| {dÝ`mg H$aZm Mm{h o. `m| eZ¡…-eZ¡… nmX‘ybgo^JdÝ‘ñVH$ n ©ÝV gH$b ~«ô‘mÊS>Ho$ {dÝ`mgÛmam Ü`mZ-YmaUm H$aZona gd©OmJ{VH$ {df`m|Ho$ ~«ô‘{dJ«h `m ~«ô‘mË‘H$ hmoZoH$s AZw y{V hmoZo bJVr h¡.ñdßZmZw y{V‘| O¡go ñdßZÐîQ>mgo {^ÝZ Z Vmo H$moB© Ñí` hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z Xe©ZmonH$aUAm¡a Z Xe©ZmZw y{V hr. R>rH$ Cgr Vah gd©Ì ~«ô‘^md àH$Q> AZw yV hmoZonaH$ht ^r ~«ô‘oVaVm ^m{gV hmoZr ~§X hmo OmVr h¡. Eogo gË` AmZÝX{Z{Y^JdmZ²H$mo Bg VahH$s Ü`mZ-YmaUmÛmam ÔZr` ~Zm`m OmVm h¡. AVEd^JdX²JrVm‘| Bgo {ÌJwUmVrV EH$mpÝVH$gwIê$nm ~«ô‘ y ñVmHo$ ê$n‘| {~aXm`mJ`m h¡.23 AV… Eogo ^JdmZ²Ho$ gmW, ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²Ho$ àW‘mÜ`m`Ho$ MVwW©~«mô‘UHo$ àmaå^‘| à{Vnm{XV, {Z © a‘U eŠ` hmo nmVm h¡.24

EH$m{H$Vm‘| Aa{V Am¡a g{ÛVr`Vm‘| ^r{V Ho$ C^`V…nmeH$m g‘mYmZ-EH$H$s AZoH$ê$nVm‘| Cn{ZfXm|Zo ImoOm h¡. AnZr nyd©H$m{bH$ moJa{hV AdñWm‘|hmoZodmbr ^r{Vgo Am¡a Bgr Vah `moJ wŠV AdñWm‘| {dH${gV EH$m{H$Vm‘|nZnZodmbr Aa{Vgo ^mJdVmoŠV ^JdmZ²Ho$ ñWybê$nH$s `h Ü`mZ-YmaUm{d{Y`moJrH$mo C~ma boVr h¡, Cg Am¡n{Zf{XH$ na‘ gË`Ho$ gmjmËH$maHo$ hoVw. ~«ô‘Ho${damQ²> ñdê$nH$m Eogm hr {dbjU ‘mhmËå` ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²‘| kmZmonXoeH$s{d{Ygo VWm ^mJdVnwamU‘| Ü`mZ-YmaUmonXoeH$s {d{Ygo à{Vnm{XV hþdm h¡.

^pŠV`m oJH$m, ZmaXnÄMamÌm oŠV bjU-""‘mhmËå`kmZnyd©H$


216 217

gwÑT>gd©Vmo{YH$ñZoh''-dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ‘mÝ` aIm J`m h¡. VXZwgma ^ŠVOrdmË‘mHo$ ~mha AdpñWV Omo gH$b ~«ô‘mÊS>{dñVma h¡, Cg‘| ~«ô‘Ho$ VmXmËå`H$sñdrH¥${V `m AZw y{V OrdmË‘mHo$ ^rVa ~«ô‘Ho$ ‘mhmËå`kmZH$mo OJmVr h¡. BgrVah ñd § OrdmË‘mHo$ ^rVa hmoVr ~«ô‘Ho$ VmXmËå`H$s ñdrH¥${V `m AZw y{VOrdH$mo Cg ~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ²‘| gwÑT>gd©Vmo{YH$ñZohdmZ² ~Zm XoVr h¡.AWm©V² Bg Vah ~mh² mä`ÝVa C^`Ì ~«ô‘Ho$ VmXmËå`H$s AZw y{V OrdmË‘mH$mona‘mË‘mH$m ^pŠV`moJr ~Zm nmVr h¡.

AVEd N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX²‘| ZdYm AmdV©Z H$a {X o J o CnXoe ""g ` EfmoA{U‘m, EoVXmËå`‘² BX§ gdª, VV² gË §, g AmË‘m, VV² Ëd‘² A{g''25 H$mna‘ à`moOZ ‘hmà w ‘mhmËå`kmZnyd©H$ gwÑT>gd©Vmo{YH$ñZohê$n ^pŠV`moJHo$CX²~moYZmW© hr ñdrH$maVo h¢ : AZoH$Ym g¥pîQ>H$s CËn{ÎmHo$ {Zê$nU‘| Cn{ZfXm|H$mA{^àm` ^JdmZ²H$m ‘mhmËå` g‘PmZm hr h¡. Vm{H$ OrdmË‘m H$WpÄMV²na‘mË‘mHo$ ÔZ‘| àd¥Îm hmo nm o. ^pŠVH$m Xygam A§e gwÑT>gd©Vmo{YH$ñZohhmoVm h¡, Cgo OJmZoH$mo hr Cn{ZfX²‘| OrdmË‘m Am¡a na‘mË‘m Ho$ ~rM VmXmËå`H$m^r CnXoe {X`m J`m h¡.26.

AmJo ~‹T>Zona mJdVnwamU‘| AJbm CnXoe Bgr VmXmËå`^mdHo$ CX²~moYZmW©gmYH$H$mo {ZOöX`‘| àmXoe‘mÌ ^JdËñdê$nHo$ Ü`mZ YaZoHo$ ê$n‘| {X`m J`mh¡ :

""Bg Vah AnZo {MÎm‘| ñdVEd {gÕ AmË‘m {à` AW© JdmZ²AZÝV hmoVo h¢. Eogo ^JdmZ² g§gmamona‘Ho$ hoVw hmoVo h¢ AV… CZH$mÔZ gmZÝX VWm {Z`VmW© hmo H$a H$aZm Mm{h o... Hw$N> gmYH$CZH$m AnZo öX`mdH$meHo$ ^rVa {~amO‘mZ àmXoe‘mÌ nwéfHo$ê$n‘|... YmaUm{d{Ygo ñ‘aU H$aVo h¢... MVw w©O ^JdmZ²Ho$ EH$-EH$ lrA§Jm|H$m ~w{Õgo AZw mdZ H$aVo h¢, MaUma{dÝXgo bo H$ahmñ`g{hV ‘wIma{dÝX n`©ÝV. EH$-EH$ lrA§JHo$ Ü`mZna O`nm H$a A{J«‘-A{J«‘ lrA§Jm|H$s AÝV‘| YmaUmÛmam gmYH$H$s~w{Õ O¡go-O¡go ewÕ hmoVr Mbr OmVr h¡ d¡go-d¡go CZ namda

{dídoída {dídÐîQ>m‘| ^pŠV`moJ pñWa hmoZo bJVm h¡. `h O~ VH$Z hmo nm o V~ VH$ Cg na‘nwéfH$m nydm}n{XîQ> ñWyb ê$n àË oH$Ü`mZ{H«$`mH$s g‘mpßVHo$ à`ËZnyd©H$ ñ‘aU H$aZm Mm{h o''. 27

`hm§ BZ H$m[aH$mAm|H$s gw~mo{YZr ì`m»`m‘| ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ : Omo na‘mË‘mg^r Vah gd©{Zanoj hmoZoH$s àoaUm {H$gr gmYH$Ho$ AÝV…H$aU‘| àH$Q> H$aVmh¡, dh ñd § AÝV…H$aUHo$ ^rVa hr H$ht {Zdmg H$aVm hmoZm Mm{h o... EogoÔZr`H$mo AmË‘m hmoZoHo$ H$maU "{à`', {à` hmoZoHo$ H$maU "AW©', AW© hmoZoHo$H$maU "^JdmZ²' Am¡a ^JdmZ² hmoZoHo$ H$maU "AZÝV' H$hm Om ahm h¡. o nm§Mmoê$n àm{UAm|H$mo ^JdmZ²H$s godm‘| VËna hmoZoH$mo ào[aV H$aVo h¢. àmU `m Xoh Vmog^r àm{UAm|H$mo {à` bJVo h¢. {’$a^r o ñd § n[apÀN>ÝZ hmoZogo BZ‘| àr{V ^rn[apÀN>ÝZ hr Ow‹S> nmVr h¡. AVEd EH$Ì Ow‹S>Zona dh AÝ`Ì Qy>Q> OmVr h¡. AV…EH$ gd©ê$n ^JdmZ²‘| àr{V Omo‹S>Zr Mm{hò... dñVwV… Vmo àr{V ñd`§ ^r^JdmZ²H$m hr Y‘© h¡. Bgo IÊS>e… g^r Ordm|‘| JdmZ²Zo ~m§Q> aIr h¡, CÝh| gwIàXmZ H$aZoH$mo. AV… Omo Ohm§ AnZr àr{V Omo‹S> boVm h¡, Cgo dhm§ gwI {‘bZobJVm h¡. dñVwV… Vmo h‘| AnZr àr{VH$m hr gwI gd©Ì {‘bVm h¡ dñVwH$mZht... Bg Vah gmar ~mVm|H$m {ZU© hmo OmZona ^pŠV‘mJ©Ho$ AZwgma ^JdmZ²Ho$~mao‘| ldU Am{X gmYZ H$aZo Mm{h o. ^JdmZ²Ho$ CpëbpIV MVw ©wO Am{X ê$nAmZÝX‘mÌ H$anmX‘wImoXam{Xê$n hmoVo h¢. Bg VahHo$ kmZHo$ gmW ÔZ H$aZoCÚV hmoZona ^JdmZ²Ho$ nyd©d{U©V ñWybê$nHo$ ñWmZna `hm§ AmZÝXàX ê$nH$sÜ`mZ-YmaUm g‘Pm`r J`r h¡.28 ^mJdVnwamUHo$ V¥Vr` ñH$ÝY‘| H${nb-Xodhÿ{VHo$ àg§J‘| 28d| AÜ`m`‘| ^r Bg VahH$s ÔZr` AmZÝXmH$maê$n^JdmZ²H$s öX`‘| Ü`mZ Ed§ YmaUm H¡$go H$aZr CgH$m g{dñVa {Zê$nU CnbãYhmoVm h¡. `h g~ nm¡am{UH$ ldU-H$sV©Z-ñ‘aUê$nm {Ì{dYm `m ldU-H$sV©Z-ñ‘aU-nmXgodZ-AM©Z-dÝXZ-Xmñ`-g»`-AmË‘{ZdoXZê$nm ZdYm ^pŠVHo$CX²~moYZmW© `moJ‘mJu` Cnm`m|Ho$ ghH$maH$m àH$ma h¡.

ào‘bjUm ^pŠV`moJ‘| `moJ Am{X AÝ`mÝ` ghH$mar Cnm`m|Ho$ AnojmZht ahVr :

dmëb^ doXmÝV {ZË`{gÕm, {H$ÝVw AàH$Q>, Xe‘r ào‘bjUm ^pŠVH$m


218 219

‘yb à‘mU nydm}ŠV Am¡n{Zf{XH$ ~«ô‘VmXmËå`dmXHo$ à{VnmXZH$mo ñdrH$maVm h¡.Bgo nm¡am{UH$ {Ì{dYm `m ZdYm ^pŠVH$s VwbZm‘| nam `m gmYZê$nm ^pŠVHo$~mX bãY `m àH$Q> hmoZodmbr {gÕmdñWm ‘mZr J`r h¡ ""^ŠË`m gÄOmV`m^ŠË`m''.29 h nam ào‘bjUm pŠV O¡go moJghH¥$V {Ì{dYm/ZdYm pŠVÛmamàH$Q> hmo nmVr h¡; d¡go hr, `moJHo$ {~Zm ^r Ho$db ^pŠV‘mJu` gËg§JAmË‘g‘n©U Am{X Cnm`m|go ^r àH$Q> hmoVr Xagm`r J`r h¡. Bg ào‘bjUm^pŠVH$mo ñd § ^pŠV`moJV`m {~aXmVo hþdo ^JdmZ² `h CgH$m d¡bjÊ` {XIbmVoh¢ :

""AV… ^JdmZ²H$s ^pŠV H$aZodmbm `moJr, Omo Cgo{ZOmË‘V`m XoI nmVm h¡, CgH$m kmZ `m d¡am½` Ho$ {~Zm ^r BgOJV²‘| H$ë`mU àm`… hmo hr OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ Omo gËH$‘m]Ho$AZwð>mZÛmam `m VnÛmam `m kmZd¡am½`Ûmam `m `moJÛmam AWdmAÝ`mÝ` lo`ñH$mar XmZY‘m]Ûmam àmßV hmo gH$Vm hmo, dh g^rHw$N> ^JdmZ²H$s ^pŠVÛmam ^ŠVH$mo ghO hr {‘b OmVm h¡... d¡go^JdmZ²H$s EH$mpÝVH$ ^pŠV H$aZodmbo Yra gmYw OZ Vmo ñd`§^JdmZ² XoZm Mmh| V~ ^r nwZO©Ý‘a{hV H¡$dë`H$s ^r dm§N>m ZhtH$aVo h¢. Bg Vah ‘wpŠVn ©ÝV JdmZ²Ho$ Abmdm AÝ` g^r‘| {ZanojahZodmbm|H$m {Z…lo g² H$^r Aën Zht hmoVm'' 30. Bg ào‘bjUm ^pŠVHo$ ~mao‘| ‘hmà wZo EH$ A{V amoMH$ {dYmZ {H$`m h¡

: kmZ‘mJ©‘| Vmo g^r Hw$N> AIÊS>mÛ¡VmZwamoYr hmoZogo ko`Ho$ {H$gr ^r EH$CXmhaU‘| H$moB© {deofVm àH$Q> Zht hmoVr, Š`m|{H$ g^r Hw$N> nyU©V`m ~«ô‘ê$nhmo OmVm h¡. ^pŠV‘mJ©Ho$ ~mao‘|, naÝVw, `h H$Wm BVZr gab ah Zht OmVr.Š`m|{H$ ^JdmZ²Zo O¡go g‘J« OJV²H$s g¥pîQ> H$s d¡go hr ñd § AnZohr {b o EH$n¥WH²$ ^pŠV‘mJ© ^r àH$Q> {H$`m. (Bgo ""dh EH$mH$s ahZm Zht MmhVm WmAV… Cgo AnZo Abmdm XygaoH$s H$m‘Zm hþ r AVEd CgZo `h g~ Hw$N>{gaOm'' 31 Eogo lw{VdMZm|Ho$ AmYmana ñdrH$mam J`m h¡.) OmJ{VH$ gmYZ-’$bgå~ÝYr ì`dñWm AnZo {d^y{Vê$nm|H$mo gm|n H$a AnZo ñdê$nmZÝXnaAdbpå~V ÔZmZÝX àXmZH$s ì`dñWm ñd §H$s BÀN>m `m H¥$nm go {Z`VaIr... Bg H¥$nmbä` ^pŠV‘mJ©‘| Vmo ^JdmZ²H$m ~{h ©OZ hr ‘w»` ‘mZm OmVm

h¡. AnZo öX`‘| hr {Z{hV ^JdmZ²H$s ‘mZgr ‘y{V©Ho$ hr ÔZH$s {Z`{V VmokmZ‘mJu` h¡.32 bú`‘| aIZm Mm{h o {H$ `h {ZX}e gmYZXemgo Ow‹S>m h¡’$bXem‘| Vmo Bg {df`‘| ~mh² ÔZHo$ {Z`‘H$mo ^r {e{Wb ~Zm {X`m J`mh¡. ~«ô‘gyÌ^mî`Ho$ ’$bmÜ`m`‘| ^mî`H$ma H$hVo h¢-^JdËñdê$n‘| {MÎmHo$EH$mJ« hmo OmZona O~ ^ŠVH$mo AÝV~m©h² Ho$ à oXH$m ^mZ ah Zht OmVm V~~mh² ÔZ `m AmÝVa ÔZ Ho$ ~rM {H$gr VahH$m H$moB© VmaVå` ah ZhtOmVm.33AVEd ào‘bjUm ^pŠVH$s àmapå^H$ `m Ma‘ n[anŠd AdñWm‘|`moJ‘mJu` Cnm`m|H$s ghH$m[aVm àíZ Jm¡U hmo OmVm h¡. emñÌr` {d{Y-{dYmZHo$ A§Hw$ego H$‘©, {Okmgm `m ^mdZm H$m Vmo n[aMmbZ eŠ` hmo gH$Vmh¡ naÝVw kmZ `m ào‘ na empãXH$ {d{Y-{dYmZH$m A§Hw$e Mb Zht gH$Vm

kmZ‘mJu` CnmgZmAm|‘| `m¡{JH$ Cnm`m|H$s ghH$m[aVm : kmZ‘mJu` gmYZm‘| `moJmonm`m|H$s ghH$m[aVmHo$ gÝX ©‘| ‘hmà wH$m H$hZm

h¡ {H$ {H«$`mepŠV VWm kmZepŠV go ^r gånÝZ hmoZoHo$ H$maU ‘Z C^`{dYgm‘Ï ©dmbm hmoVm h¡. AV… emñÌ Am¡a {ddoH$ Ûmam-bm¡{H$H$mbm¡{H$H$ {ZË`m{ZË`ÑîQ>mÑîQ> ew mew H$m à oX-OmZ nmZo O¡go h‘ g‘W© hmo nmVo h¢; d¡go hr,`moJÛmam `{X h‘mar {H«$`mepŠVH$mo h‘ à~bVa ~Zm nm | Vmo hr Ü`mV `mYm[aV {df`‘| h‘mam {MÎm EH$mJ« hmo nmVm h¡. AÝ`Wm gmYmaUV`m h‘mao ^rVaaho {H«$`mAm|Ho$ AmdoJ h‘mao kmZH$mo ~m{YV H$a XoVo h¢. {OÝh| AnZr kmZepŠVHo$AZwgma h‘ C{MV Z ‘mZVo hm| d¡gm ^r H$‘© h‘go hR>mV² H$adm boVo h¢.’$bOZZm¡n{`H$ ì`dhma‘| O¡go kmZgo BÀN>m Am¡a BÀN>mgo à`ËZ CÎmamoÎma à~bXoIo OmVo h¢. d¡go hr ‘Zgo A{YH$ à~b dmUr hmoVr h¡ Am¡a dmUrgo A{YH$à~b H$m`m hmoVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ dhm§ H$m‘ Am{XHo$ AmdoJ âo ahVo h¢, o AmdoJEogo hmoVo h¢ {H$ {OZHo$ H$maU ‘Z g§gma‘| hr àd¥Îm hmo hr OmVm h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘|`moJHo$ Cnm` ^r AeŠ` ~Z OmVo h¢. hdmHo$ VoµOrgo ~hZona AÝYoao‘| XrnH$Obm`m Zht Om gH$Vm AVEd moJ‘mJu` Cnm`m|go H$m`m dmUr Am¡a ‘Z go Ow‹S>r{H«$`mepŠVAm|na H$m~y nmZona hr ‘ZmoÜ`mV ‘y{V©Ho$ ê$nna {MÎm EH$mJ« hmo nmVmh¡.34 AVEd kmZ‘mJ©‘| Bg Vah {MÎmH$mo EH$mJ« ~ZmZo‘| `moJ‘mJu` Cnm`m|H$sAnojm ghH$m[aVm AVrd hr hmoVr h¡.


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EH$ Amoa Iwbmgm `hm§ OmZ boZm CnH$maH$ hmoJm {H$ ‘ZmoÜ`mV ê$nH$moÜ`mZH$Vm© ñd § `{X gmjmV² ~«ô‘V`m Z ñdrH$ma H$a jwÐ ’$b àXmZ H$aZodmbrXodê$n {d y{VHo$ ê$n‘| Ü`mZ-YmaUmH$m Ambå~Z ~ZmVm hmo Vmo, `moJ ^r jwÐ’$bm|‘| hr gmYZmH$mo n ©d{gV H$a XoJm. naÝVw Cnmñ`V`m {H$Ýht AdaXodVmAm|Ho$`m {d y{VAm|Ho$ ê$nm|H$m Ü`mZ ^r CnmgH$ `{X gmjmX² ~«ô‘V`m H$aVm hmo Vmo`moJ‘mJ© kmZmonmgZm‘| ghH$mar ~Z H$a gmYH$H$mo ~«ô‘àmpßV‘| CnH$mar ~ZOmVm h¡.35 `h ~«ô‘àmpßV OrdÝ‘wpŠV Am¡a {dXoh‘wpŠV Ho$ à oXde AÝVV…~«ô‘gm wÁ` `m ~«môå ¡Š` ‘| n`d©{gV hmoVr ‘mZr J`r h¡.

H$‘m©Zwð>mZ‘| `moJ‘mJu` Cnm`m|H$s ghH$m[aVm : Ohm§ VH$ H$‘© moJH$m àíZ h¡ Vmo dmëb^ doXmÝVH$m ÑpîQ>H$moU Bg {df`‘|

gmdYmZV`m AdJÝVì` h¡. H$‘©H$m EH$ ñdê$n g¥pîQ>{Z`m‘H$ hmoZoH$m hmoVm h¡.AWm©V² g¥îQ>çW© H$mb H$‘© ñd^md àH¥${V Am¡a nwéf Ho$ nÄMH$Ho$ AÝVJ©VàH$Q>m dh EH$ ~«mpô‘H$ ê$n h¡ (AZwgÝYo : CÕaUg§»`m 7 Am¡a 8). Bgr VahlwË`m{X emñÌm|Ûmam {d{hV `m Cn{XîQ> `k`mJ XodmM©Z Am{X AmamYZmê$n ^rH$‘© ^r hmoVo h¢. BÝh| g{deofê$n‘| Xodê$n `m ^JdÐÿn ‘mZm J`m h¡. ‘hmà wH$hVo h¢ ""doXHo$ nyd©H$mÊS>‘| `kê$n h[aH$m à{VnmXZ OmZZm Mm{h o''""Ap½ZhmoÌ, Xe©nyU©‘mg, new, MmVw‘m©ñ`, gmo‘`mJ BZ g^r ê$nm|‘|H«$‘e… lrh[aH$s hr nÄM{dYVm g‘PZr Mm{hò, BZHo$ à`mO Am{XAm¡a òwH²$-òwdm Am{X CnH$aU ^r lrh[aê$n hmoVo h¢. `h h[aê$nVm {ZË`àH¥${VH$‘©ê$n `mJm|H$s hr hmoVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ H$må`H$‘© Vmo {dH¥${Vê$n hmoVmh¡''.36 `k`mJm{X Vmo H¥${VgmÜ` hmoVo h¢ CÝh| {ZË` H¡$go ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡?BgHo$ g‘mYmZV`m ‘hmà w H$hVo h¢ {H$ Ü`mZ Am{XÛmam O¡go na‘mË‘mH$s ‘y{V©A{^ì`ŠV hmoVr h¡ d¡go hr AmYmZ Am{X gmo‘`mJ Am{X doX~mo{YV X¡{hH$sMoîQ>mê$nm {H«$`mAm|Ho$ VWm Ü`mZ Am{X g{hV ‘mZgr {H«$`mAm|Ho$ AZwð>mZÛmam`kñdê$nr na‘mË‘mH$s A{^ì`pŠV hmoVr h¡, CËn{Îm Zht.37 {H$gr ^r pñW{V‘|BZ H$‘m}Ho$ AÝVJ©V naÝVw {OZ-{OZ XodVmAm|H$m CÔoí` ~Zm H$a Amhþ{V XrOmVr CZ XodVmAm|H$m ‘Z‘| Ü`mZ YaZoH$m {dYmZ h¡. Ü`mZ YaZoH$s Bg ar{V‘|CZ-CZ XodVmAm|Ho$ emñÌm|‘| lwV ê$nm|H$s EH¡$H$e… Ü`mZ-YmaUm An[ahm ©‘mZZr hr n‹S>oJr.38 Am¡a `hm§ nwZíM `moJ‘mJu` Cnm`m|H$s ghH$m[aVm Ano{jV

hmoJr hr. ‘hmà^wHo$ AZwgma {ZîH$m‘H$‘©Ho$ `Wm{d{Y AZw{ð>V hmoZona, dh~«ô‘Ho$ {MX§e yV OrdH$mo AmË‘mZÝX àXmZ H$aVm h¡. Bgo ~«ô‘mZÝXH$m {MX§emon‘jwÐm§e ‘mZm J`m h¡. gm§gm[aH$ {H$gr ^r gwIgo AË`ÝV `h gwI hr CËH¥$îQ>‘mZm J`m h¡.39

g¥pîQ>KQ>H$ Am¡a g¥pîQ>‘| àH$Q> hmoZodmbo OrdÛmam AZw{ð>V ^JdXmamYZmË‘H$H$‘©Ho$ Abmdm Vrgam Am¡a ê$n gm‘m{OH$ àmUr hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| AnZo H$V©ì`m|Ho$AZwð>mZ h¢. Bgo àmMrZ emñÌr` ì`dñWmHo$ AZwgma dUm©l‘r` H$V©ì`m|Ho$ ê$n‘|^r XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡. Bgo ^JdXmamYZmHo$ ê$n‘| {Z^mZoH$m AmXe© ^JdX²JrVm‘|Cn{XîQ> hþdm h¡ : AnZo-AnZo H$‘m]‘| A{âV ahZogo nwéfH$mo {g{Õ {‘bVr hrh¡. dh {‘bVr h¡ gmao àm{UAm|H$s àd¥{ÎmHo$ ‘yb‘| aho na‘mË‘mHo$ AM©ZHo$ EH$AÝ`V‘ àH$maV`m AnZo H$V©ì`H$m {Zdm©h H$aZona. AWm©V² CgH$s AM©ZmH$s^mdZm aIVo hþdo H$aZona. Eogm H$aZogo dh H$‘© Adí` hr H$‘© moJ ~Z OmVmh¡.40 Š`m|{H$ {dîUwnwamU‘| gwñnîQ> Eogm à{VnmXZ {‘bVm h¡ {H$ AnZo à`ËZÛmamAnZr {d{eîQ> ‘ZmoJ{VH$mo na‘oídaHo$ gmW Omo‹S> XoZm hr "`moJ' H$hbmVm h¡.41

EVmdVm H$‘m©Zwð>mZHo$ Bg àH$ma‘| `moJ‘mJu` Cnm`m|H$mo gd©Wm {Z`V Z ^r ‘mZmOmVm hmo Vmo gd©Wm Agå~Õ ^r ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm h¡. Š`m|{H$ AnZogm‘m{OH$ H$‘m]Ho$ AZwð>mZ H$aVo g‘` OJËg¥îQ>m H$‘©àoaH$ na‘oídaHo$ {ZaÝVaAZwgÝYmZH$mo {Z^mZm O¡go ‘¥Xw ^pŠV^mdZmË‘H$ hmo gH$Vm h¡ d¡go hr H$R>moaÜ`mZmË‘H$ ^r. AV… Bg {df`‘| hR> Zht nH$‹S>r Om gH$Vr.

ñdmVÝÍ oU H$‘©-kmZ-^pŠVHo$ A§J ~Zm o {~Zm ñdVmo AZwð>o AmË‘`moJ:

dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma gm§»`-`moJHo$ {OZ J«ÝWm|‘| lw{Và{Vnm{XVà‘o go {dnarV à‘o m|H$m à{VnmXZ {‘bVm h¡, CZ A§em|‘| BZH$m àm‘mÊ` ñd §~«ô‘gyÌH$maÛmam {ZañV {H$`m J`m hmoZogo ‘mÝ` Zht. {’$a^r gm§»`-`moJemñÌm|H$mo{ZË`m{ZË`dñVw{ddoH$ê$n kmZHo$ VWm {MÎm{ZamoYÛmam kmZñWmnH$ hmoZoHo$ ê$nm|‘|nm¡am{UH$ Cnm`V`m ‘mÝ` {H$`m J`m h¡. AV… H$‘©‘mJ© kmZ‘mJ© `m ^pŠV‘mJ©Ho$ A§JV`m BÝh| à^mdH$mar Cnm` ‘mZm J`m h¡. AV… Ho$dbgm§»`à{H«$`mHo$Adbå~ZÛmam A{dÚmHo$ nm§M ndm]‘| XohmÜ`mg BpÝÐ`mÜ`mg àmUmÜ`mg Ho${ZdV©Znyd©H$ VWm Ah§H$maHo$ {ZagZnyd©H$ AmË‘kmZmW© à^mdr Cnm` ‘mZm J`m


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h¡. AmOrdZ BZ AÜ`mgm|go a{hV ahZodmbm A{dÚmHo$ ~ÝYZgo ‘wpŠV nm boVmh¡ AWdm OÝ‘mÝVa‘| Am¡n{Zf{XH$ AmË‘mZw^y{V‘| g‘W© gd©Wm ‘wpŠV`mo½`kmZrHo$ ê$n‘| OZ‘mVm h¡. Bgr Vah Ho$db moJÛmam r mdÁOrdZ moJmä`mgaVkmZHo$ CX` hmoZoHo$ H$maU `moJ~bÛmam hr Xoh Ë`mJ H$a `moJr A{dÚmHo$~ÝYZm|go gd©Wm ‘wŠV hmo OmVm h¡.

`{X lw{V Am{X emñÌmon{XîQ> H$‘©-kmZ-^pŠVHo$ ‘mJ©Ho$ A§JV`m AZwgamOm o Vmo dh VÎmX² ‘mJm©Zwgmar ’$bm|Ho$ àXmZ‘| ^r gj‘ hmoVm h¡. naÝVw Y‘©‘mJ©go{dnarV {ZpÝXV dm‘‘mJu` `moJHo$ àH$mam|Ho$ AZwð>mZ H$aZona `m Vmo ZaH$ hrAWdm OÝ‘mÝVa‘| hr {H$gr VahH$m H$moB© gwI {‘b nmVm h¡. na‘oídamdbå~Za{hV{ZOmË‘mdbpå~V ñdVÝÌ `moJ nm¡am{UH$ Cnm` hmoZogo nwamUmoŠV àH$mago AZwð>mZH$aZona hr ’$bXm`H$ hmoVo h¢.42

Cng§hma : Bg Vah h‘Zo XoIm {H$ EH$‘od A{ÛVr` gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘ ñd § AZoH$

ê$nm|‘| g¥pîQ>‘| AZÝV{dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ ñdê$n‘| brbm{dhma H$aZodmbmñdrH$mam J`m hmoZogo H$mí‘rar àË`{^kmXe©ZH$s VO©‘| dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ^r `hH$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$-

~«ô‘ ~ÝYmo ~«ô‘ ‘wpŠV… ~«ô‘ ~Õ… VWoVa…&kmZmkmZo VWm ~«ô‘ H$aUo ‘moj~ÝY`mo…&~«ô‘Um ~«ô‘Umo ~ÝYmo ~«ô‘Ê od `Wm ‘V…&~«ô‘Um ~«ô‘Umo ‘wpŠV… ~«ô‘Ê od VWmoÀ`Vo&&

gÝX©^ 1ÐîQ>ì` : VÌ à{V{dYmñ`m‘mo doXmW©~«ô‘Umo doXmZwHy$b{dMmaB{V {H$‘² AÌ

`wŠV§? ì`m»`mZ‘² B{V, ì`m»`mZVmo {deofà{VnÎmo… (~«ô‘gyÌmUw^mî` :1&1&1),ñ‘¥{V… àË`j‘² Eo{Vh² ‘² AZw‘mZ§ MVwîQ>`‘² EV¡… Am{XË`‘ÊS>b§ gd£aod{dYmñ`Vo (V¡{Îmar`maÊ`H$ : 1&2&1), lw{V… àË`j‘² Eo{Vh² ‘² AZw‘mZ§ MVwîQ> §

à‘mUofw AZdñWmZmX² {dH$ënmV² g {daÁ`Vo (^mJdVnwamU : 11&19&17). 2doXm… lrH¥$îUdmŠ`m{Z ì`mggyÌm{U M¡d {h g‘m{Y^mfm ì`mgñ` à‘mU§

VÀMVwîQ>`‘². CÎma§ nyd©gÝXohdmaH§$ n[aH$s{V©V‘² A{déÕ§ `Îmw Añ` à‘mU§ VÀMZmÝ`Wm EVX²{déÕ§ `V² gdª Z VX² ‘mZ§ H$WÄMZ (VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 1&7-8).

3AWm} A`‘od {ZpIb¡a{n doXdmŠ ¡… am‘mÙ¡… g{hV^maVnÄMamÌ¡… AÝ ¡…M emñÌdMZ¡… gh VÎdgyÌ¡… {ZUu`Vo göX § h[aUm gX¡d (VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY: 1&104)

4Ed§ nyU©kmZmoX`md{Y `X² J«mh² § à‘mUËdoZ VX² {Zê$ß` VXZÝVa§ `V² à‘mU§VX² Amh-AWdm gd©ê$nËdmV² Zm‘brbm{dôXV… {déÕm§en[aË`mJmV² à‘mU§gd©‘od hr-dmL²>‘mÌ‘od à‘mU‘² AW©ñ` ^JdX²ê$nËdmV²... ê$ndX² Zm‘brbm`m…{d oXmZm§ dŠVì`ËdmV² ZmZm{dYm{Z dmŠ`m{Z àd¥Îmm{Z. {déÕdmŠ`ËdoZ¡d nañna§^mg‘Zoîd{n A{damoYàH$ma‘² Amh-{déÕm§en[aË`mJmX² B{V. {déÕm§en[aË`mJmoÛoYm dŠVì`…, ^JdËgm‘Ï }Z Abm¡{H$H$àH$maoU ^JdV… gd©ê$nËdoZ dm. AVmowŠVEd A{damoY… (gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 1&9).

5Hw$VñVw Ibw... Ed§ ñ`mV² H$W‘² AgV… gX² Om oV? gÎdod... BX‘² AJ«oAmgrX² EH$‘od A{ÛVr`‘². VX² EojV ""~hþ ñ`m§ àOm o '' B{V'' (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX²: 6&1&2-3).

6VÕ BX§ V{h© Aì`mH¥$V‘² AmgrV² VX² Zm‘ê$nmä`m‘od ì`m{H«$`V(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 1&4&7).

7Ì § BX§ Zm‘ ê$n§ H$‘©... ~«ô‘ EV{Õ gdm©{U Zm‘m{Z... ê$nm{U... H$‘m©{U{~^{V©. VXoVV² Ì § gX² EH$ A`‘² AmË‘m. AmË‘m C EH$… gZ² EVËÌ`‘²(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 1&6&1-3).

8Ðì § H$‘© M H$mb… ñd^mdmo OrdEd M dmgwXodmV² namo, ~«ô‘Z², ZM AÝ`moApñV VÎdV…... gEf ^JdmZ² qbJ¡… {Ì{^… E{^… AYmojO… ñdb{jVJ{V…,~«ô‘Z², gd}fm§ ‘‘ M B©ída… H$mb§ H$‘© ñd^md§ M ‘m oemo ‘m``m ñd`m AmË‘{Z`ÑÀN>`m àmßV§ {d~w yfw… CnmXXo (^mJdVnwamU : 2&5&14-21) `kê$nmo h[a…nyd©H$mÊSo> ~«ô‘VZw… nao AdVmar h[a… H¥$îU… lr^mJdVo B© ©Vo. gy m©{Xê$nY¥J²~«ô‘H$mÊSo> kmZm§J‘² B© ©Vo. nwamUoîd{n gd}fw VÎmÐÿnmo h[a… VWm. {H«$`m kmZ§ MÛ`§ àH$Q>rH¥$Ë` `mo AdVrU©… H¥$îU… g ^mJdVo {d{eîQ>mo {Zê$ß`Vo. AV…


224 225

IÊS>emo {Zê$nU§ doXo ^mJdVoVw g‘wXm oZ {Zê$ß` Vñ` brbm… AZoH${dYm…{Zê$ß`ÝVo (gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 1&11-12).

9Ajæ § h d¡ MmVw‘m©ñ``m{OZmo gwH¥$V§ ^d{V (eVnW~«mô‘Uo : 1&6&1). 10{df`Vm ‘m`mOÝ`m {df`mo JdmZ² (^mJdVgw~mo{YZr : 2&9&33) AÊd{n

~ «ô‘ ì`mnH § $ H ¥ $ îU… èm oXmH « $ m oS o > pñWVm o gd ©OJXmYmam o ^d{V(gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 1&54).

11`pñ‘Z² gdm©{U yVm{Z AmË‘¡d A yX² {dOmZV… VÌ H$mo ‘moh… H$… emoH$…EH$Ëd‘² AZwní`V… (Ho$Zmon{ZfX² : 7).

12EH$mo Xodmo ~hþYm {Z{dîQ>mo AOm`‘mZmo ~hþYm {dOm`Vo... V§ `Wm-`WmCnmgVo VW¡d ^d{V (‘wX²Jbmon{ZfX² : 3), o `Wm ‘m§ ànÚÝVo VmZ² VW¡dÔm{‘ Ah‘² (^JdX²JrVm : 4&11), A{n g§amYZo àË`jmZw‘mZmä`m‘² (~«ô‘gyÌ: 3&2&24), VÐÿn§ H¥$VH$‘² AZwJ«hmWª VÀMoVgm‘², Eoíd`m©V². ê$n§ dm AVrpÝÐ`‘²AÝV…H$aUàË`j{ZX}emV² (dmŠ`H$ma~«ô‘ZpÝX), Ëd§ ^md`moJn[a^m{dVöËgamoOAmñgo lwVo{jVnWmo... `ÚX²{Y`m V CéJm` {d^md`pÝV VÎmX²dnw… àU`gogXZwJ«hm` (^mJdVnwamU : 3&9&11).

13gmo AH$m‘`V {ÛVr`mo ‘o AmË‘m OmòV B{V g ‘Zgm dmM§ {‘WwZ§g‘^dX² (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 1&2&4) `mo ‘Z{g {Vð>Z² ‘Zgmo AÝVamo (VÌ¡d: 3&7&20) y{‘… Amnmo AZbmo dm w… I§ ‘Zmo... B{V B § ‘o {^ÝZm àH¥${V…(^JdX²JrVm : 7&4) g ‘mZgrZ… AmË‘m OZmZm§ (V¡{Îmar`maÊ`H$ : 3&11&1).

14Ðì`ñ` ewÕçewÕr M Ðì oU dMZoZ M g§ñH$maoU AW H$mboZ ‘hÎdmënV`mAWdm eŠË`m Aeº²$`m AWdm g‘¥Õçm `XmË‘Zo... Šd{MX² JwUmo@{n Xmof…ñ`mX², Xmofmo@{n {d{YZm JwU…(^mJdVnwamU : 11&21&10-16).

15(^mJdVnwamU : 11&20&6-8). 16(^mJdVnwamU : 10&26&11-15). 17{dÚm{dÚo ha o… eŠVr Vo ‘m``¡d {d{Z{‘©V o V o Ordñ`¡d Z

AÝ`ñ`...AmË‘bm^mo {dÚ`m Xohbm^mo A{dÚ`m B{V. C^`mo… OrdY‘©Ëd§ì`mdV© {V hao… eŠVr. VoZ Jd{XÀN> ¡d V`mo… Am{d^m©d{Vamo md`mo… hoVwËd‘²...Vo C o Ordê$nñ ¡d A§eñ` ^dVmo Z AÝ`ñ` OS>m§eñ` AÝV`m©{‘Umo dm...ñdê$nmkmZ‘² EH§$ {h nd© XohopÝÐ`mgd… AÝV…H$aU‘² Efm§ {h MVwYm©Ü`mg…

CÀ`Vo. nÄMndm©Vw A{dÚm B § `X²~Õmo `m{V g§g¥{V‘²... {dÚ`m A{dÚmZmeoVwOrdmo ‘wŠVmo ^{dî`{V. XohopÝÐ`m… gd} {ZaÜ`ñVm… ^dpÝV... ñd~wÕçm brZdV²à{V^mZo@{n Z gd}fm§ ~wÕçm VWm àVr`ÝVo... Ed§ gmYZgånÎmm¡ nÄMndm© {dÚmgånÚVo ``m H¥$Ëdm OmVgmjmËH$ma… V§ à{deoX² (gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY :46).

18 o Añ‘m{^… kmZmX`… Cnm`ËdoZ CŠVm…... ^JdËH¥$nm wŠVËdo Vofm‘{n’$bgmYH$ËdmV²... dñVwVñVw H¥$n¡d gmYZ‘² (gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 2&307).

19H$‘© moJmX`… gd} H¥$îUmoX²J‘ZhoVd… CXmgrZV`m CX² oXmX² Z{h gdm©Ë‘Zm’$b§, ^ŠVm¡ AË`mXaoU¡d àH$Q>mo Om`Vo h[a… AmË‘mZ§ M VVmo XÚmX² gwIo H$mn[aXodZm ghZ§ IZZ§ J§JmVrapñW{VdXod VV² gm§»`mo `moJ… VWm ^pŠV…. VÌào‘m A{Vgm¡»`X‘² (gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 2&312-314).

20(ídoVmídVamon{ZfX² : 6&13,H$R>mon{ZfX² : 2&3&10-11). 21gm§»`mo ~hþ{dY… àmoŠV… VÌ EH$… gËà‘mUH$… AîQ>mqde{VVÎdmZm§

ñdê$n§ `Ì d¡ h[a…... AÝ o gyÌo {Z{fÜ`ÝVo `moJmo@{n EH$… gXmÑV… `pñ‘Z² Ü`mZ§^JdVmo {Z~uOo@{n AmË‘~moYH$…... {MÎmd¥{Îm{ZamoYmo moJ…, gM JdX²Ü`mZmW©‘²A§JËdoZ Cn`moÁ`Vo g àm‘m{UH$… `ñVw ñdVÝÌV`m ’$bgmYH$ËdoZ àmoŠV…VWm{g{ÕhoVw… kmZmË‘m M VWm AÝ o XohopÝÐ`m{XgmYH$m… Vo Aàm‘m{UH$m…...Ü`mZm^mdo@{n AmË‘~moYm§J yV… àm‘m{UH$Ed... d¡am½`kmZ`moJ¡… M àoåUm MVngm VWm EHo$Zm{n ÑT>oZ B©e§ ÔZ² {g{Õ‘² AdmßZw mV². nÄMm§J wŠV… nwéfmo^JdÝV§ ÔoV². VÌ àW‘§ d¡am½`‘² A§J‘². VX^mdo ^JdXmdoem^mdmV² ZÔZ{g{Õ…..... nÄMmZm § g‘ wXm`m o X wb ©^B{V Jm ¡Unj‘² Amh...(gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 1&93-95).

22(gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 1&103). 23‘m§ M `mo Aì`{^MmaoU ^pŠV`moJoZ godVo g JwUmZ² g‘VrË` EVmZ²

~«ô‘ y m` H$ënVo ~«ô‘Umo {h à{Vð>m Ah‘²... emídVñ` M Y‘©ñ` gwIñÈH$mpÝVH$ñ` M (^JdX²JrVm : 14&26-27).

24AmË‘¡d BX‘² AJ«o AmgrV². gmo AZwdrú` Z AÝ`X² AmË‘Zmo Aní`V² gmo"Ah‘² Apñ‘' B{V AJ«o ì`mhaV². VVmo "Ah§'Zm‘m A^dV². Vñ‘mX{n EV{h©Am‘pÝÌVmo "Ah‘² A`‘²' BË od AJ«o CŠËdm AW AÝ`X² Zm‘ à~«yVo `X² Añ`^d{V. g `Ënydm} Añ‘mV² gd©ñ‘mV² gdm©Z² nmß‘mZ² Am¡fV² Vñ‘mV² nwéf… Amof{V


226 227

h d¡ g V§ `mo Añ‘mV² nydm} ~w yf{V `… Ed§ doX. gmo A{~ oV² Vñ‘mX² EH$mH$s{~ o{V. gh A`‘² B©jmÄMH«o$ `X² ‘XÝ`V² ZmpñV H$ñ‘mÝZw {~ o{‘ B{V. VVEdAñ` ^ § dr`m`. H$ñ‘mX² ì` oî`X² {ÛVr`mX² d¡ ^ § ^d{V. gd¡ Z¡d ao‘o Vñ‘mX²EH$mH$s Z a‘Vo g {ÛVr`‘² EoÀN>V². gh EVmdmZ² Amg. `Wm ñÌrnw§‘mgm¡gån[aîdŠVm¡ g B‘‘od AmË‘mZ§ ÛoYm AnmV`V²... ~«ô‘ dm BX‘² AJ«o AmgrX².VX² AmË‘mZ‘od AdoX "Ah§ ~«ô‘ Apñ‘' B{V. Vñ‘mV² VV² gd©‘² A^dV². VX²`mo-`mo XodmZm§ àË`~wÜ`V gEd VX² A^dV² (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 1&4&1-3,10).

25(N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&8-16). 26AZoH$Ym g¥pîQ>H$WZñ` à`moOZ‘² Amh-`WmH$WpÄMX² ‘mhmËå`§ Vñ`

gd©Ì dÊ ©Vo OZñ ¡d {gÕçWª ""VV² Ëd‘² A{g''-Am{XH§$ VWm. pŠVñdê$n‘²Amh-‘mhmåË`kmZnyd©ñVw gwÑT>gd©Vmo{YH$ñZohmo ^pŠV… B{V àmoŠV…...(gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 1&41-42).

27(^mJdVnwamU : 2&2&6-14). 28(gw~mo{YZr : 2&2&6-14). 29(^mJdVnwamU : 11&3&31). 30(^mJdVnwamU : 11&20&31-35) 31gd¡ Z¡d ao‘o. Vñ‘mX² EH$mH$s Z a‘Vo. g {ÛVr`‘² EoÀN>V². gh EVmdmZ²

Amg (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 1&4&3). 32(gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 1&13). 33(~«ô‘gyÌmUw mî` : 4&1&11). 34(^mJdVgw~mo{YZr : 10&37&27). 35gy m©{Xê$nY¥J² ~«ô‘H$mÊSo> kmZm§J‘² B© ©Vo nwamUoîd{n gd}fw VÎmÐÿnmo h[a…

VWm. ~«ô‘H$mÊSo> kmZ{gÕçW©‘² CnmgZm… {Zê$ß`ÝVo. VV² {MÎmew{ÕÛmam B{VHo${MV². ’$bXmZÛmam ‘mhmËå`à{VnmXZoZ ^pŠVÛmam B{V {gÕmÝV…. VWmnwamUmoŠVmZm§ XwJm©JUn{Và^¥VrZm§ {d{eîQ>eofËd‘² AmdaUXodVmËdoZ, VWm{n{^ÝZmW©Ëd‘² Ame§Š` VÎmÐÿnmo h[a… B{V CŠV‘². gmYZê$n… ’$bê$n… ñd`‘odo{VEH$dmŠ`Vm (gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 1&12), doXmoŠVmZm‘² A½Ý`mXrZm§XodmonmgZm~wÕçm Ap½ZhmoÌm{XH$aUo oX~wÕo… {dÚ‘mZËdmV² VÎmÔodVmgm wÁ`‘²...

EH$Xm ~hþXodmonmgZm`m§ H$‘©àmYmÝ`mV² H$‘©‘mJu`‘od ’$b§ Z CnmgZm’$b‘²(gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 2&265-267), lwVm¡ ~«ô‘ËdoZ¡d gd©Ì CnmgZm`m…CŠVËdmX² Cnmñòfw ^JdX²{d^y{Vê$nËdoZ ewÕ~«ô‘ê$noîd{n AVWmËd§ kmËdmlw{V… ~«ô‘ËdmonmgZm`m… ’$bgmYZËd§ dX{V ZVw Cnmñ o ~«ô‘Vm‘{n B{V ‘ÝdmZm…ò CnmgVo Vo "àVrH$mbå~Zm…' B{V CÀ`ÝVo...{H$ÝVw ewÕ~«ô‘Ëd§ kmËdm òCnmgVo VmZod ~«ô‘ àmn`{V B{V ~mXamÙ… AmMm`m} ‘Ý`Vo... dñVwVñVwCnmgZm`m‘² Cnmñ`ñdê$nkmZñ`m{n A§JËdmV²... (~«ô‘gyÌmUw mî` : 4&3&16).

36(gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 1&11-2&2-3). 37ZZw H¥${VgmÜ`mo `mJm{X… H$W§ {ZË`…? B{V MoV² VÌ Amh... `Wm

Ü`mZYmaUm{X{^… ^JdÝ‘ yV } … AmZÝXê$nñ` A{^ì`pŠV… VWmAmYmZm{Xgmo‘mÝV{H«$`m{^… doX~m o{YVXohMoîQ>m{^… Ü`mZm{Xg{hVm{^…`kñdê${nUmo@{n ^JdVmo A{^ì`pŠV… B{V AW©… (gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY: 2&15).

38`ñ ¡ XodVm ¡ h{d… J¥hrV§ ñ`mV² Vm§ Ü`m oX² dfQ²> H$[aî`Z² gmjmXod VÔodVm§àrUm{V àË`jmX² XodVm§ Ò{V (EoVao ~«mô‘U : 11&8&1).

39gM ñdJm} {Û{dY…... gwðw> AÁ`©Vo B{V ñdJ©… gÎdmH$mamÝV…H$aUogd}hm{Zd¥Îmm¡ `X² AmË‘gwI§ àH$Q>r^d{V VX² Ap½ZhmoÌm{XgmÜ`‘². gd©XodmZm§VwîQ>m¡ AmÜ`mpË‘H$Ëdo mJñ` OmVo AmË‘mZÝX… àH$Q>mo d{V. EVX^mdoVw m¡{VH$ËdoñdJ©bmoH$mo ^d{V... bm¡{H$H$mo {h A{^bmfmZÝVa§ à`ËZgånmÚ… d¡{XH$mo ZVWm. VmÑe§ gwI§ {H$‘² B{V AmH$m§jm`m§ {dfÒÝ`§ VWm ^{dVw§ Z Ah©{V(gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 2&4-5).

40ñdo-ñdo H$‘©{U A{âV… g§{gqÕ b^Vo Za… ñdH$‘©{ZaV… {gqÕ `Wm{dÝX{V VV² lwUw, `V… àd¥{Îm… yVmZm§ oZ gd©‘² BX§ VV§ ñdH$‘©Um V‘² Aä`À ©{gqÕ {dÝX{V ‘mZd… (^JdX²JrVm : 18&45-46).

41AmË‘à`ËZgmnojm {d{eîQ>m `m ‘ZmoJ{V… Vñ`m… B©ídag§ moJ… "`moJ…'B{V A{^Yr`Vo ({dîUwnwamU : 6&7&3).

42Ed§ gm§»``moJ^ŠVrZm§ ‘obZo ’$b‘² CŠËdm Ho$dbmZm§ ’$b‘² Amh...Ho$dbo gm§» o Û`‘² A§J§ : g§KmVmX² {^ÝZV`m AmË‘kmZ‘² Ah§H$mam^md… M.EV`mo… {Zdm©h… "Z¡d {H$pÄMV² H$amo{‘' B{V ~w{Õ… d¡am½ § M. OÝ‘mÝVao kmZr gZ²CËnÚVo... Ho$db`moJ‘² Amh... `mdÁOrd§ `moJmä`mgo kmZmoX o `moJ~boZ¡d Xoh§


228 229

Ë`ŠËdm A{dÚmVmo {d‘wÀ`Vo. ^pŠVg{hV… MoV² nydm}ŠV‘od ’$b‘²... {Z{fÕ`mo…’$b‘² Amh.. Y‘©‘mJm©X² «îQ>o VpËgÕçWª H$Xm{MX² {Z{fÕ‘{n Hw$éV… Ano nmZoZZmS>r ewÕm ^dVr{V {d‘mJ} n[anmo{fVo ZaH$m ¡d ^dV… níMmX² (OÝ‘mÝVao){H$pÄMV² gwI§ ^doV²... gm§»``moJemñÌ§ nwamU‘ybH$‘² A§JËdoZ {Zê${nV‘². VX{nnaåna`m {ZË`m{ZË`dñVw{ddoH$ñ` kmZm§JËd‘². VWm {MÎm{ZamoYñ` kmZñWmnH$Ëd‘².AÝ`Wm kmZ§ ñVwV§ ^dVr{V V`mo… A§J§ gm§»``moJm¡ ZVw gd©Wm VV² à‘mU‘².Aà‘mUm §e § ñnîQ >`{V nXmW ©VÎd{ZYm © a o Z à‘mU § H$WÄMZ(gàH$meVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY : 2&205-208).


9

d¡îUdr AmñWm Am¡a CgHo$ gm‘ZoCâVr AmYw{ZH$ MwZm¡{V`m§

(CnH«$‘) Û¡VmÛ¡VdmX {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmX Û¡VdmX ewÕmÛ¡VdmX `m A{MÝË`Û¡VmÛ¡VdmX H$s

{d{dY Xme©{ZH$ AdYmaUmAm|H$s dmL²>‘wÐm‘| àH$Q> hmoZodmbo "d¡îUd Y‘©' `m"d¡îUdr AmñWm' ‘| gm‘mÝ`ê$noU {dîUwH$mo hr Ho$ÝÐdVu ‘m¡{bH$ na‘ VÎdHo$ê$n‘| ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. d¡îUdnwamUm| Am¡a d¡îUdmJ‘m| Ho$ Abmdm ""{dîUw…Jmonm AXmä`mo AVmo Y‘m©{U Yma`Z²... VX² {dîUmo… na‘§ nX§ gXm ní`pÝVgya`…'' (F$Šg§{h.1&22&18-20) ""{dîUmoZw© H§$ dr`m©{U àdmoM§ `…nm{W©dm{Z {d‘‘o aOm§{g'' (F$Šg§{h.1&153&1) ""{dîUw‘wIm… d¡ Xodm…N>ÝXmo{^… B‘mZ² bmoH$mZ² AZnOæ`‘² AäÒ`Z²'' (V¡{Îm.Ama.10&1&10)O¡go F$J² Òw Am{X doXm|Ho$ dMZm|‘| ^r "{dîUw' Zm‘H$ XodHo$ A{Ve` ‘{h‘mdmZ²hmoZoH$m {Zê$nU ^r {‘bVm Vmo h¡ hr.

(d¡îUdr AmñWm) `Ú{n AmYw{ZH$ ^maVr` {dÚm{dX² d¡îUd e¡d `m emŠV Am{X Y‘©-

gåàXm`m|‘| na‘VÎdV`m g‘mÑV {dîUw {ed `m epŠV Am{X XodVmAm|H$mod¡{XH$ A{YXod Z ‘mZ H$a nm¡am{UH$ A{YXod ‘mZVo h¢. naÝVw nmaån[aH$Ñ{ï>H$moU Bg {df`‘| doX Am¡a nwamUmo Ho$ ~rM CVZm A{YH$ AÝVa ñdrH$maZoH$mZht Wm. AVEd doXà{Vnm{XV AWdm nwamUà{Vnm{XV XodVmAm|Ho$ ~mao‘| Z VmoEH$mpÝVH$ A oX Am¡a Z EH$mpÝVH$ oX hr ‘mZm OmVm Wm. AVEd A‘aH$mof‘|^r d¡{XH$ "{dîUw' "{Ì{dH«$‘' "ZmamÙ' Zm‘m|H$s Vah hr "H¥$îU' "dmgwXod'"XodH$sZÝXZ' Am{X nm¡am{UH$ Zm‘ ^r EH$ hr XodHo$ {d{^ÝZ n`m© dmMr Zm‘

`moJHo$ {d{dY ê$n...


230 231

‘mZo J o h¢.

F$Šg§{hVmH$mo hr nH$‹S> H$a Mb| Vmo EH$ Am¡a AZyR>m nj Câ H$a gm‘ZoAmVm h¡. `Wm : ""EH§$ dm BX§ {d ~ yd gd©‘²''(F$Šg§{h.8&58&2), ""BÝÐ§{‘Ì§ déU‘² Ap½Z‘² Amhþ…... EH§$ gX² {dàm… ~hþYm dXpÝV Ap½Z§ `‘§‘mV[aídmZ‘² Amhþ…''(F$Šg§{h.1&164&46), ""Ëd‘² A½Zo déUmo Om`go`V², Ëd§ {‘Ìmo ^d{g `V² g{‘Õ…, Ëdo {dído ghgñnwÌ Xodm…, Ëd‘² BÝÐmoXmewfo ‘Ë`m©`''(F$Šg§{h.5&2&1) ""`mo XodmZm§ Zm‘Ym EH$Ed''(F$Šg§{h.10&82&3) doXHo$ BZ {dYmZm|na Ho$db Ñ{ï>nmV H$aZo ‘mÌgo BVZm VmogabVmgo g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Ama§^go hr Z Vmo h‘ g§ñH¥${V{dhrZàH¥${VnyOmdmXr (‹paganistic) Wo, Z ~hþXoddmXr Wo (‹polytheistic) Am¡a ZEH$XoddmXr `m ‘oŠg‘ybam oŠV EH$Xodml`dmXr (‹monotheistic/

henotheistic)hr.

h‘ Vmo ""`ñ` Ì`pñÌ§eX² Xodm… A§Jo JmÌm {d o{Oao VmZ² d¡ Ì`pñÌ§eX²XodmZ² EHo$ ~«ô‘{dXmo {dXw…'' (AW.g§{h.10&7&16) ""`X² d¡ {H$ÄM AZyŠV§Vñ` gd©ñ` "~«ô‘' B{V EH$Vm'' (~¥h.Cn.1&5&17) BZ doXdMZm|H$m AZwgaUH$aZodmbo ~«ô‘mÛ¡VdmXr Wo, {Og EH$‘od A{ÛVr` ~«ô‘Ho$ AZoH$ Zm‘ Am¡aAZoH$ ê$n Am¡a CZ AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$nm|H$s AZoH$ àH$maH$s AmamYZmAm|Ho$ AZw‘moXH$AWm©V² {~Zm {H$gr ñnYm©-H$bhHo$ ñdrH$ma H$aZodmbo Wo. AVEd {Og XodVmHo$`k-hmo‘m{X H$‘©, nyOZ, On, Ü`mZ, àmW©Zm `m ^pŠV Am{XHo$ AmamYZmHo$àH$mam|H$mo AZwgaUmW© h‘ AnZmVo Wo, Cg AmamYZmH$s ar{V‘| AnZo Bï>XodHo$à{V AZÝ`lÕm `m AZÝ`ml` H$s ^mdZm aIVo hmoZona AÝ`H$s AñdrH¥${V `mAdhobZm H$aZodmbo h‘ Zht Wo. h‘mao Bï>XodHo$ Zm‘go n¥WH²$ `m Bï>Xodê$ngon¥WH²$ AWdm CgH$s AmamYZmH$s ar{Vgo n¥WH²$ ^r {H$gr AÝ` Zm‘dmboXodê$nH$s AmamYZmH$s AÝ` ar{V h‘mao ^rVa Ag{hîUwVm ñnYm© `m Y‘m©ÝVaUH$s CÔm‘ AmH$m§jmH$mo à~b Zht ~Zm XoVr Wr. O¡gm {H$ d¡{XH$ {ZéŠVH$maH$hVo h¢ :

""`Ôod… g `kmo dm `km§J§ dm VÔodVm ^d{V... A{ndm H$m‘XodVm

ñ`mV²... A{n{h AXodVm XodVmdV² ñVy ÝVo... ‘hm^m½`mX² XodVm`m…EH$Ed AmË‘m ~hþYm ñVy Vo. EH$ñ` AmË‘Zmo AÝ o Xodm… àË §Jm{Z^dpÝV... àH¥${Vgmd©ZmåÝ`mV² M. BVa oVaOÝ‘mZm o ^dpÝVBVaoVaàH¥$V`…, H$‘©OÝ‘mZ… AmË‘OÝ‘mZ…... Vmgm§ ‘hm^m½`mX²EH¡$H$ñ`mA{n ~hÿ{Z Zm‘Yo`m{Z ^dpÝV, A{ndm H$‘©n¥WŠËdmV²...A{ndm n¥WJod ñ w… n¥Wp½YñVwV`mo ^dpÝV''.

({Zé.7&1&4-7&2&6).

‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © r AVEd "~mb~moY' Zm‘H$ bKwH$m` CnXoeJ«ÝW‘|‘moj nwéfmW©Ho$ 1ñdVmo‘moj Am¡a 2naVmo‘moj `m| Xmo ‘yb à oX à{Vnm{XV H$aVo h¢.BZ XmoZm|Ho$ Mma : 1/H$gm§»èmñÌr` {ddoH$-~mh² Ë`mJ Am¡a d¡am½` go bä`ñdVmo‘moj 1/I`moJemñÌr` `‘{Z`‘m{X-Ü`mZYmaUmg‘m{Ygo bä` ñdVmo‘moj 2/

H$e¡dmJ‘moŠV {edH$s AmamYZmgo hmoVm naVmo‘moj 2/Id¡îUdmJ‘moŠV {dîUwH$sAmamYZmgo hmoVm naVmo‘moj `m| AdmÝVa Cn oXm|H$mo ^r ñdrH$maVo h¢. Bgr Vah"VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY' Zm‘H$ J«ÝWHo$ gd©{ZU© àH$aU‘| ‘hmà w d¡{XH$ H$‘m©Zwð>mZgobä` AmË‘mZÝXmZw y{Vê$n ‘moj, Am¡n{Zf{XH$ ~«ô‘H$s CnmgZm-Ü`mZ Am{Xgoàmß` ~«ô‘kmZbä` ~«ô‘mZÝXmZw y{Vê$n ‘moj ^r ‘mÝ` H$aVo hr h¢. Bgr Vah‘mhmËå`kmZnyd©H$ gwÑT>gd©Vmo{YH$ ñZohê$nm ^mJdVr ào‘bjUm ^pŠV Am¡a CgoàmßV H$aZoH$mo ZdYm ^pŠVHo$ Cnm`m|Ho$ AZwð>mZgo bä` ÔZmZÝXH$mo ^r ‘mÝ`H$aVo h¢. gmW hr gmW ‘hmà wZo AnZm `h A{^àm` ^r ñnï> {H$`m h¡ {H$gH$m‘^pŠV Vmo na~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUH$s ^r ÔZr` ñdê$nH$sjwÐXodVmHo$ ê$n‘| nXmdZ{VH$m hoVw ~Z OmVr h¡; Am¡a AÝ`mÝ` {d y{Vê$nXodVmAm|H$m ^r ~«ô‘mÛ¡V~w{ÕÛmam {H$`m OmVm ÔZ CZ XodVmAm|H$mo ‘mojàmnH$~Zm nmVm h¡.

EHo$ídadmX `m AZoHo$ídadmX Ho$ Xmo {damoYr Io‘m|‘| ~±Q>r AmñWmAm|Ho$ ~rMMbVo PJ‹S>o‘| h‘mar ì`mnH$ bMrbr àkm H$^r CbPr Zht. Bgr{b o h‘marAm{YX¡{dH$s AmñWmH$m ^r Eogm ì`mnH$ Am¡a bMrbm ñdê$n àH$Q> hmo nm`m.h‘mar AmñWmHo$ ñdê$nH$s VmXmËå`{Z`{V‘| h‘| npíM‘r VH©$emñÌ‘| g‘mÑVAmYma^yV VrZ VH©${Z`‘m|Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ÛVr` Aì`mKmV{Z`‘ Am¡a V¥Vr`

d¡îUdr AmñWm Am¡a... gmH$ma ~«÷dmX

232 233

‘Ü`nm{Vì`mdV©H${Z`‘ H$^r ñdrH$aUr` Zht bJo. h‘| H$^r Eogm Zht gyPm{H$ EH$ AmñWm gË` Vmo Xygar AmñWm Adí` {‘Ï`m hr hmoZr Mm{h o; AWdmXmo {damoYr AmñWm | EH$ gmW gË` hmo Zht gH$Vr. AVEd AnZo-AnZo AZwð>oH$‘m]Ho$ AÝVJ©V {H$gr XodH$m EH$‘mÌ A{Yð>mVm hmoZm `m AZoH$ XodVmAm|H$m{H$gr H$‘©‘| g‘wÀM` `m {dH$ën `m AÝdmM`dmbm Jm¡U‘w»`^md hmoZm {H$gr`m {H$Ýht XodVmAm|Ho$ à{V AnamYr `m {dÐmohr hmoZoH$s AmË‘½bm{Zgo h‘| âZht nm`m. AVEd AÝ` AmñWmAm|H$mo XÊS>Zr` `m Y‘m©ÝVaUr` à‘wI H$V©ì`~ZmZodmbo Ag{hîUw XodHo$ gmW Ow‹S>r AmñWmAm|H$s Vah h‘mar AmñWm H$^r ^rAÝ`mÝ` Y‘m©Zwð>mZm|H$s {d{dYê$nVmH$s {Zam{gH$m ~Z Zht nm`r.

Bg {df`‘| h‘mar AmñWmHo$ ñdê$n Am¡a CgH$s à{H«$`m Ho$ {Zê$nH$H¥$îUÒwd}XH$s V¡{Îmar` g§{hVmHo$ o VrZ dMZ AVrd àH$menmVr hmo gH$Vo h¢:

1"""Z‘mo Xodoä`…' B{V Amh `m… M¡d XodVm Ò{V `m… M Z,VmäÈd C^`rä`m o Z‘ñH$am o{V AmË‘Zm o AZmË`£''(V¡{Îm.g§{h.2&6&9).

2""hþVmXmo dm AÝò Xodm… AhþVmXmo AÝò. VmZ² Ap½Z{MXodC^`mZ² àrUm{V'' (V¡{Îm.g§{h.5&4&5).

3""`mo dm A`WmXodV‘² Ap½Z§ {MZwVo Am XodVmä`mo d¥íÀ`Vonmnr`mZ² ^d{V, `mo `WmXodV§, Z XodVmä`…

Am d¥íÀ`Vo dgr`mZ² ^d{V'' (V¡{Îm.g§{h.5&7&1).

o dMZ d¡go Vmo lm¡VH$‘©H$mÊS>r` XodVmAm|Ho$ gÝX ©‘| H$ho J o h¢ na BÝh|d¡îUdnm¡am{UH$ `m d¡îUdVmpÝÌH$ Ü`mZmonmgZm eaUmJ{V `m ^pŠV^md Ho$Ambå~Z ~ZZodmbo {d{^ÝZ Am{YXo{dH$ ê$nm|Ho$ ~mao‘| ^r bmJy H$aZona CZ-CZ Xodê$nm|H$s nyOmHo$ hoVw `m XodZm‘m|Ho$ OnHo$ hoVw ^r AnZm`m Om gH$Vm h¡.Z Ho$db nÄMXodmonmgH$ àË wV d¡îUd e¡d emŠV Am{X EH$XodmonmgH$m|H$sAmñWmAm|Ho$ ^r ~mao‘| ^r AnZm`m Om gH$Vm hr h¡.

`hr ~mV XodVmAm| Ho$ nwéf{dY (anthropomorphic) `m Anwéf{dY(non-anthropomorphic) AWm©V² gmH$maoídadmX m {ZamH$maoídadmX Ho$ PJ‹S>m|‘|^r Iar CVaVr h¡. ’$bñdê$n h‘ ^maVr`m|H$mo nhbo H$^r Bg VahH$sg‘ñ`mAm|Ho$ gmW OyPZoH$mo ~m{YV Zht hmoZm n‹S>m Wm. AVEd {ZamH$maoídadmXrÝ`m`‘V Ed§ em§H$a doXmÝV H$s Vah gmH$maoídadmXr d¡îUd-e¡d doXmÝVm| Ho$~rM ~hþYm emñÌmW© MbVo ahZoHo$ ~mdOyX Bg g‘ñ`mZo Eogm {dH$amb ê$n H$^rYmaU Zht {H$`m {H$ {H$gr EH$ AmñWm Ûmam Xygar AmñWmHo$ ‘R>-‘pÝXam|H$moT>hm XoZm `m ‘¥Ë wXÊS>H$m A{YH$mar ‘mZ boZm {H$grH$mo Amdí`H$ bJm hmo

(d¡îUdr AmñWmHo$ gm‘Zo àH$Q> hþ r MwZm¡{V`m§) {’$a^r AmO h‘mar Z`r nr‹T>rH$s AmñWm‘| Z Vmo Eogr ì`mnH$ bMrbmnZ

br hþ r ñdY‘©{Zð>m PbH$Vr h¡; Am¡a Z ñdr` `m naH$s` Y‘m]Ho$ AZwgaU `mAZZwgaU H$m hr H$moB© amJÛofm{VaoH$ {XIbm`r XoVm h¡. `h VÏ` Câ PbH$Vmhr h¡ {H$ AnZo-AnZo Y‘©-gåàXm`m| Am¡a Xod-AmamYZmAm| Ho$ ~mao‘| lÕm^mddV©‘mZ‘| Hw$N> ~‹T>Vm gm hr {XIbm`r XoVm hmoZona ^r, Eogr {H$gr ^r AmñWm‘|EH${Zð> Z hmoZm hr AmOH$s ’o$eZ ~ZVr Om ahr h¡. Bg ’o$eZHo$ H$maU ~hþYm{H$gr EH$ Y‘©-gåàXm`Ho$ g§H$sU© Xmào‘| à{V~Õ hmoZm, H¡$X‘| ’§$g OmZoH$snr‹S>m XoZodmbr ~mV bJVr hmo Eogm bJVm h¡. Hw$N> Aëng§»`mH$ AZwJm‘r BgVah à{V~Õ hmoZm MmhVo ^r hm| Vmo AmYw{ZH$ OrdZàUmbr CÝh| AZwHy$b ZbJVr hmoZoHo$ H$maU `m Vmo do g‘mOH$s ‘w»`Ymamgo do H$Q> OmVo h¢. AWdmCZHo$ gmWdmbo bmoJm|H$mo r{V gVmZo bJVr h¡ {H$ Eogm ì`pŠV à{VJm{‘VmdmXH$sAñdñW ‘Zmod¥{ÎmH$m Vmo H$ht {eH$ma Zht hmo J`m

AV… Eogo yVH$mbrZ loð> AmXe©H$mo dV©‘mZ‘| {Z^mZm `m Vmo‹S> hr XoZm?AWdm Bg VahH$s AmñWmH$s Omo ^r ^{dVì`Vm hmo CgHo$ âmogona N>mo‹S> H$aCgo h‘mao Cnojm^mdH$m {df` ~Zm boZm Mm{h o? Š`m|{H$ h‘mar Eogr ì`mnH$Am¡a bMrbr AmñWmHo$ gmW-gmW h‘| O~ {^ÝZ AmñWmdmbo bmoJm|Ho$ gånH©$‘|,AZoH$ àH$maH$s Amdí`H$VmAm|Ho$ H$maU, AmZo `m ahZo H$mo {dde hmoZm n‹S>Vmh¡, V~ CÝh| h‘mar AmñWm `m Vmo AmñWmhrZVm O¡gr `m ì`dñWm{dhrZhmñ`mñnXVm bJVr h¡. H$^r Eogr AmñWm h‘mar Agm‘Ï © ^r bJVr h¡. Eogr


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pñW{V‘| CZHo$ g‘j h‘mar AmñWmH$m àH$Q> ñdrH$ma H$aZm AWdm gå~ÝYm|‘|AÝVam` Z n‹S> Om o Eogo g§H$moMde Eogr AmñWmH$s Cnojm hr H$a XoZr?

Bg VahHo$ AZoH$ àíZ h‘mar AmñWmHo$ gm‘Zo AmO Jå^ra MwZm¡VrHo$ ê$n‘|I‹S>o hmo J o h¢.

npíM‘r {dÛmZ²; Am¡a CZHo$ g‘mZ hr Ñ{ï>H$moU AnZmZodmbo ^maVr`{dÛmZ² ^r, doXm|H$mo ~hþXoddmXr ‘mZ H$a MbVo h¢. AWdm Vmo n¥H¥${VnyOmdmXr‘mZVo h¢. CZH$s `h YmaUm AmYw{ZH$ {ejmàUmbr Ûmam ^r ~hþàMm[aV hmoVrahVr h¡. AV… d¡îUd {H$emoam| Am¡a wdH$m| Ho$ ‘Zmo~w{Õ‘| ^r dh ì`mnH$ ê$ngoAmê$‹T> hmoVr OmVr h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| AmYw{ZH$ {e{jV wdm OZ‘mZg‘| d¡îUdrAmñWmHo$ {dnarV {dîUwHo$ ~mao‘| ‘ybV… `m Vmo gy © Am{X O¡go AZoH$ doXmoŠVAm{Y^m¡{VH$ nXmWm]Ho$ nwamUm|Ûmam X¡drH$aUH$s ~mV R>§g OmVr h¡. AWdm {dîUw`m CgHo$ AdVma am‘-H¥$îU Am{X Hw$bnaånamJV lÕmHo$ ^mOZ hmoZoHo$ H$maUCZHo$ ~mao‘| {H$gr ^r VahHo$ {MÝVZ `m MMm© ‘| Z CbPZoH$s nbm`Zdm{XVm‘|hr do AnZm {hV ‘mZ H$a MbZo bJVo h¢.

Xw{Z`mHo$ g^r Xoem|Ho$ ~rM dV©‘mZ H$mb‘| nmañn[aH$ gyMZmAm|Ho$ AmXmZ-àXmZH$s AmYw{ZH$ àUmbr {dH${gV hþ r h¡. ì`mnm[aH$ gm‘m{OH$ m gm§ñH¥${VH$gånH$m]©H$mo K{Zð> ~ZmZodmbo g§gmaì`mnr ‘mÜ`‘m|H$s gwb^VmHo$ H$maU ^r haì`pŠV ñd § CgH$s AmñWmgo {dnarV m A{dnarV r g^r VahH$s AmñWmAm|H$mo{ZH$Q>Vmgo OmZZo `m {ZaIZo ^r bJ J`m h¡. {H$gr ^r EH$ AmñWmHo$ gmW,naÝVw, à{V~Õ hmoZoH$s ‘mZ{gH$Vm A~ jrUgo jrUVa hmoVr Om ahr h¡. AVEdEogr pñW{V‘| namB© AmñWm Am¡a {ZO AmñWm Ho$ ~rM ahr {d^mOH$aoImH$m ^rYw§Ybm OmZm EH$ ñdm^m{dH$ {Z`{V ~ZVr Om ahr h¡.

(AmYw{ZH$ OrdZe¡brHo$ H$maU gm‘Zo AmVr MwZm¡{V`m§) {H$gr Y‘© `m gåàXm` H$s ‘m¡{bH$ AmñWmH$s àmW{‘H$ ‘hÎmmHo$ ~mX Xygao

H«$‘na Cg AmñWmH$mo OrZodmbo AZwJm{‘Am|H$s OrdZe¡brH$m nj ^r CVZm hr‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡.

AmO eZ¡…-eZ¡… J«m‘m§MbH$s OZVm ZJam|H$s Amoa {ZîH«$‘U H$aZo bJr h¡,ZJam|H$s OZVm ‘hmZJam|H$s Amoa; Bgr Vah ‘hmZJaH$s OZVm {dXoem|H$s AmoaAmd«OZ H$aZo bJr h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| J«m‘m§Mbr` ’w$agX âr OrdZe¡br eZ¡…-

eZ¡… {dbwßV hmoVr Om ahr h¡. Eogr n[apñW{V‘| Ym{‘©H$ AZwð>mZm|H$s O{Q>bVmVWm ~hþH$mbgmÜ`Vm ^r AmYw{ZH$ OrdZe¡br‘| ì`dYmZ àH$Q> H$aZo bJr h¡.

CXmhaUV`m {ZO nm[adm[aH$ Ka‘| ^JdËgodmH$m gm§Jmonm§J AZwð>mZ gånÝZH$aZo ~mX hr Y§Ym `m Zm¡H$ar Am{XHo$ {b o Xm¡‹S>Zm EH$ H${R>Z CÎmaXm{`ËdbJVm h¡. {Vgna ^r gmåàXm{`H$ Ym{‘©H$ Ë`m¡hma Am{X CËgdm|na Zm¡H$ar nagoNw>{Å> Z {‘bZm AWdm Y§Ym-Zm¡H$ar Ho$ hoVw AnZo Amdmgr` ñWbgo gwXyañWbm|na `mÌmW© OmZm ^r A{Zdm © ~Z OmVm h¡. AV… dhm§ gmåàXm{`H$AmñWmàUmbrHo$ AZwê$n Amdmg ImZ-nmZ Am{XH$s ì`dñWmH$m CnbãY Z hmonmZm ^r AmñWmõmgH$m hoVw ~ZZo bJm h¡. `h ^r nwZ… ñHy$b‘| {~Vm o OmVr~më`mdñWmgo boH$a wdmdñWm `m àm¡T>mdñWm n ©ÝV MbVr ì`ñVVm h¡. OmoYm{‘©H$ OrdZe¡brH$mo d¥ÕmdñWm‘| AdH$meàmpßVHo$ ~mX hr, emar[aH$ gj‘Vm~M J`r hmo V^r, ñdY‘©V`m AZwgaUmW© eŠ` ~Zm nmVr h¡.

‘hmà wHo$ Á oð> AmË‘O "gmYZXr{nH$m' Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| H$hVo h¢ {H$ {H$gr^r XohYmar àmUrHo$ {b o g^r VahHo$ H$‘m]H$m Ë`mJ eŠ` Z hmoZogo ^pŠV‘mJ©Ho$AZwgma dUm©l‘Y‘m]H$mo {Z^mZodmboHo$ ^rVa Amgwamdoe Zht hmoVm. Eogr pñW{V‘|EH$ Amoa AeŠ`àm` ~Zo hþdo dUm©l‘Y‘m©Zwgmar AmpôZH$ H$V©ì`m| Am¡aem¡MmMmam|H$mo {Z^mZm Am¡a Xygar Amoa àmV…H$mbgo bo H$a amÌr VH$ZdYm^pŠVdmbr JdËgodmH$mo r {Z^mZo OmZona à{VnXna AZoH${dY ñnYm©Am|‘|CbPr OrdZe¡brH$m `m Vmo n[aË`mJ H$V©ì`V`m ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm. AWdmA{Z`VV`m Omo Hw$N> ^r O¡gm ^r AmnmYmnr ~Z n‹S>o Cggo gÝVmof ‘mZZmn‹S>oJm? ‘hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`© `Ú{n AnZo "{ddoH$Y¡`m©l`' "H¥$îUml`'"MVwíbmoH$s' Am¡a "^pŠVd{Y©Zr' Am{X CnXoeJ«ÝWm|‘| H$hVo h¢ {H$ ^JdmZ²H$seaUmJ{V ñdrH$ma H$a, ^JdmZ²Ho$ à{V gdm©Ë‘Zm g‘{n©V hmo H$a ^JdX² OZ‘|VËna ahZm XoeH$mb `m qbJ d`modñWm AWdm dUm©l‘ H$s gr‘mAm|‘| Z~§YZodmbm h‘mam EH$‘mÌ à‘wI AmË‘Y‘© h¡. {’$a^r Cgo {Z^mZo OmZonaAmYw{ZH$ ñnYm© âr gËda OrdZe¡br {ZpíMV hr Am‹S>o Am OmVr h¡.

(d¡îUdr AmñWmH$s àMma-àgmae¡brHo$ gm‘Zo AmVr MwZm¡{V`m§)


236 237

J«ÝWmon{Xï> g¡ÕmpÝVH$ AmXem]Ho$ {dnarV AmOH$s VmarI‘| d¡îUd gåàXm`ZoAnZr AmñWmHo$ àMma-àgma Am¡a {Zdm©h Ho$ hoVw Hw$b Mma VahHo$ Cnm`m|H$mAdbå~Z H$aZm Mmhm h¡ :

1.^pŠV‘mJu` ÔZH$s ar{VH$m Ñí`-lmì` ^mJdVgßVmhm| Ûmamì`mdgm{`H$ CnXoe.

2.^JdËgodmH$s ì`mdgm{`H$ Pm§{H$Am|Ho$ gmd©O{ZH$ àXe©Z. 3.‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©Ho$ maVHo$ {d{^ÝZ àXoem|‘| mÌmHo$ AÝVJ©V

‘wH$m‘m| AWm©V² 84 ~¡R>H$m|H$s `mÌm AZwJm‘r OZm|H$mo H$admZr Am¡a BgrVah d«O y{‘Ho$ 84 H$mogH$s ^r `mÌm H$admZr.

4.d¡îUd gåàXm`‘| Ym{‘©H$ Xme©{ZH$ Eo{Vhm{gH$ gm‘m{OH$ BVaAmñWmAm|Ho$ gmW {ZO AmñWmHo$ VwbZmË‘H$ ñdê$n VWm AÝV‘| AmYw{ZH$wJHo$ H$maU CâVr g‘ñ`m Am¡a MwZm¡{V`m| H$m gm‘Zm `m g‘mYmZ H¡$go

H$aZm Bg ~mao‘| H$moB© R>mog AZwgÝYmZnyU© {MÝVZmË‘H$ boIgm‘J«ràH$Q> hmo Zht nmVr h¡. nwamZr {Kgr-{nQ>r ~mVm|H$mo XmohamZodmbr boIgm‘J«rAm¡a {H$g Y‘©JwéZo H$hm§ {H$g ñWbH$s àMma`mÌm H$s VWm {H$gHo$ nwÌ`m nwÌr Ho$ {ddmh‘| {H$VZr g§»`m‘| AZwJm‘r OZVmZo {H$VZo AmZÝX Ed§CËgmh Ho$ gmW ‘Zm`m, ~g Bggo A{YH$ H$moB© ñWm`r ‘yë`H$s boIgm‘J«ràH$m{eV Zht hmo nmVr h¡. hm§, Hw$N> Jmoñdm‘r ‘hmZw mdm|Zo AnZr-AnZrdo~gmBQ>| Imobr h¢ naÝVw ‘wPo Zht bJVm {H$ ‘w{ÐV n{ÌH$mAm|Ho$ ñVagoBZ‘| H$moB© CëboIZr` AÝVa hmo.

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BZ Xmo H$ënm|‘| H$m¡Z gm H$ën Am¡a {H$g AmYmana ‘mÝ` H$aZm? BgHo${ZH$f `m qbJ Ho$ àË`{^kmZmW© EH$ dMZ `m| ^r CnbãY hmoVm h¡ ""àmUVÎdH$s CËn{Îm Am`{V ñWmZ {d wËd Am¡a nm§Mdo AÜ`mË‘ Ho$ ^r {dkmVhmoZona A‘¥Vmon^moJ {‘b nmVm h¡'' (àíZmon.3&11) Bg dMZ‘| àmUVÎdHo$n§MYm ~moY, {OÝh| ""gJ©íM à{VgJ©íM d§emo ‘ÝdÝVam{U M yå`mXoíMg§ñWmZ§ nwamU§ nÄMbjU‘²'' (Ðï>.A‘.H$mo.am‘m.1&6&5) `m| nwamUbjUmoŠVn§MYm ~moYHo$ g‘H$j ñdrH$mam Om gH$Vm h¡. EH$ AÝ` dMZ `m| ^r {‘bVmh¡ {H$ ""F$H²$ Òy gm‘ Am¡a AWdmª{Jag o Am¡a AÝ` B{Vhmg-nwamU^r... Omo ~«ô‘ê$n hm| `m ~«ô‘ê$n Z hm|, do g^r ~«ô‘Ho$ ^rVa à{V{ð>VhmoVo h¢'' (V¡{Îm.~«mô‘.3&12&8&1-2). `m| doXmÝV y©V Am¡a VXZÝV y©V g^rH$modoXm|Ho$ AÝVJ©VV`m ‘mÝ` aIZoHo$ Ñ{ï>H$moUHo$ AmYmana lm¡VnaånamJV {H$gr^r VÎdH$m nm¡am{UH$ n§MYm ~moY {‘bVm hmo Vmo Cg eãXamerH$mo doXm|go ~mô`Z ‘mZZoH$s EH$ nm¡am{UH$ {dMmaÑ{ï> àmßV hmoVr hr h¡.

`m| BZ {d{dY emñÌm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V lr‘X² mJdVg§{hVm ‘hmnwamUV`m ‘mÝ`h¡. AVEd Cg‘| Cn{ZfËà{VnmÚ VÎdH$m Cn~¥§hU ^r n§MYm Zht àË wV XeYm{‘bVm h¡ : gJ© {dgJ© ñWmZ nmofU D${V ‘ÝdÝVa B©emZwH$Wm {ZamoY ‘wpŠV Am¡aAml`.

‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm ©, AVEd, VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYHo$ ^mJdVmW©àH$aUHo$‘§JbmMaU‘| ""lrH¥$îU§ na‘mZÝX§ Xebrbm wV§ gXm'' (V.Xr.{Z.3&1) {dYmZH$aVo h¢. `hm§ ^mJdVHo$ V¥Vr` ñH$ÝYgo Amaå^ H$a ÛmXeñH$ÝY n ©ÝV d{U©VXe{dY brbm {dd{jV h¢, Š`m|{H$ àW‘-{ÛVr` ñH$ÝY Vmo BZ Xe{dYbrbmAm|Ho$ ldU-H$sV©Z-ñ‘aUHo$ A{YH$ma Am¡a gmYZm| Ho$ {Zê$nH$V`m hr`mo{OV hþdo h¢. VXZwgma ñWmZbrbm lr^mJdVHo$ n§M‘ ñH$ÝY‘| à{Vnm{XV hþ rh¡. ^mJdVmon{Z~Õ Bgr ñWmZbrbmHo$ Am¡n{ZfX gÝX ©H$s ‘r‘m§gm hr àñVwV{Z~ÝYH$m à{VnmÚ-{df` h¡.

Bg ‘hmnwamU‘| doXHo$ ""› y w©d…ñd…, › VËg{dVw… daoÊ §, ^Jm}Xodñ` Yr‘hr, {Y`mo mo Z… àMmoX`mV²'' Jm`Ìr‘ÝÌ‘| Ed§ Cn{ZfXm|‘| à{VnmÚgË` kmZ AZÝV ê$n ~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ²H$s, ~«ô‘gyÌm{^‘V n[a^mfm `mbjU H$s KQ>H$, "OJÁOÝ‘pñW{Và`mUb`mpË‘H$m' {H«$`m hr brbmHo$ ê$n‘|XeYm d{U©V hþ r h¢. `h Bg ‘hmnwamUHo$-

""OÝ‘mÚñ` `Vmo AÝd`mX² BVaV… M, AW}fw A{^k… ñdamQ²> VoZo ~«ô‘öXm ` Am{XH$d o, ‘wô`pÝV `V² gya`…&VoOmodm[a‘¥Xm§ `Wm {d{Z‘`mo `Ì {ÌgJm} ‘¥fm, YmåZm ñdoZ gXm {ZañVHw$hH§$ gË § na§ Yr‘hr&&''

(^mJ.nwam.1&1&1) Bg ‘§JbmMaUHo$ AdbmoH$Z Ûmam {Zhmam Om gH$Vm h¡. ybmoH$ wdbm}H$ Ed§ ñdbm}H$ Ho$ àg{dVm=OZH$go BZ g^r bmoH$mbmoH$mË‘H$

ñWmZm| Am¡a CZ‘| AdpñWV OrdmË‘mAm| H$m OZZ-ñWmnZ Am¡a ‘ybAml`ñdê$nH$s Amoa nwZ…à`mU Am¡a Cg‘| àb` hmoVm h¡. dh ~«ô‘m{X g^rH$s~w{ÕH$mo Y‘m©W©H$m‘‘mojê$n nwéfmWm}Ho$ ~mao‘| ào[aV H$aVo h¢. Eogo Cg Xodm{YXodH$mna‘ daoÊ` gË` VoO gXm AkmZ-‘mohOÝ` ‘¥fmnXmW©H$m {ZamgH$ hmoVm h¡;AWdm, EVXW© Omo gXm Ü`mZ H$aZo `mo½` hmo, CgH$s ~mV `hm§ H$s J`r h¡.

O¡gm {H$ V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²Ho$ ""~«ô‘ gË` kmZ AZÝV hmoVm h¡''-""{OggoBZ nm§M^m¡{VH$ eara nXmWm]H$m OÝ‘ hmoVm h¡, {Oggo OÝ‘ boH$a o earar

lr^mJdVr` ñWmZbrbmH$m... gmH$ma ~«÷dmX

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Or{dV ahVo h¢ VWm {OgH$s Amoa à`mU H$a AÝV‘| o Cgr‘| brZ hmo OmVoh¢. CgH$s {Okmgm H$aZr Mm{hò dhr ~«ô‘ hmoVm h¡'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1-3&1) BZ dMZm|‘| ~«ô‘Ho$ ñdê$nbjU Am¡a H$m ©bjU `m| Xmo VahHo$ bjU{Zê${nV hþdo h¢. H$mH$Vmbr`Ý`m oZ ñdê$nHo$ bjUHo$ KQ>H$ VrZ JwUY‘© VWmH$m`©bjUH$s KQ>H$ Mma {H«$`mAm|H$mo BVaoVaJw{UV H$aZona lr‘X²^mJdVHo$ÛmXeñH$ÝYm|H$s O¡gr ~mha g§»`m {‘bVr h¡. AWm©V² gË`Ho$ CËn{Îm-pñW{V-à`mU-b` kmZHo$ CËn{Îm-pñW{V-à`mU-b` Am¡a AmZÝË`Ho$ CËn{Îm-pñW{V-à`mU-b` `m| ÛmXeYm ^JdÁkmZ lr^mJdV‘hmnwamU‘| à{VnmXZr` ‘mZm OmgH$Vm h¡. AVEd ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © ^r gw~mo{YZr(Ðï>.2&6&1)‘| gX§eHo$Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nV… n[apÀN>ÝZ g¥ï> nXmW©H$s OZZê$nm CËn{Îm {XIbmVo h¢.XoeV… VWm ñdê$nV… n[apÀN>ÝZ {MX§eH$s g‘mJZ‘ê$nm CËn{Îm {XIbmVo h¢.Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nV… An[apÀN>ÝZ AmZÝXm§eH$s àmH$Q²>`ê$nm CËn{Îm {XIbmVoh¢. "CËn{Îm' nX JË`W©H$ "nX²b¥' YmVwHo$ gmW "CV²' CngJ© Omo‹S>Zona {ZînÝZhmoVm hmoZgo CX²J‘ZmW©H$ ‘mZm J`m h¡, àmJ^mdà{V`mo{JVmê$n Zht. AV…Am{d^m©dHo$ AW©‘| boZm Amdí`H$ h¡. CnbjU{dYmgo Bgr H«$‘‘| BÝht VrZm|A§em|Ho$ Zme {ZJ©‘Z Am¡a AàmH$Q²>` ê$n {Vamo mdH$m ^r D$h H$a boZm C{MVhmoJm. `Ú{n V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²d{U©V à`mUHo$ ~mao‘| Hw$N> ^r H$hm Vmo Zht J`mh¡. {’$a^r g¥ï>mdñWmgo òï´>dñWmHo$ à{V gX§e {MX§e Am¡a AmZÝXm§e `m|VrZm|H$m nwZ…à`mUH$s Ñ{ï>go {ZhmaZona ÛmXeYm à{VnmXZH$s ~mV öX²JV hmonmòJr.

Bg ~mao‘| {dMmaUr` `h hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ 1~«ô‘Ho$ gË` kmZ Am¡a AZÝVñdê$n‘| go OÝ‘-pñW{V-à`mU-àbèrb Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nV… n[apÀN>ÝZ{ÌgJ© nXmW©, ‘¥fmËdoZ à{Vnm{XV hmoZoHo$ H$maU, dñVwV… àH$Q> hmo gH$Vo h¢ `mZht? {deofV… Bg H$maUgo {H$ CgHo$ VoOH$mo "gXm {ZañVHw$hH$' H$hm Om ahmh¡. AV… Eogo Hw$hH${ZamgH$ VoOHo$ ahVo {ÌgJ© Z Vmo ‘¥fm CËnÝZ hmoZm Mm{h oAm¡a Z Am^m{gV hr. AWdm 2OÝ‘-pñW{V-à`mU-àbèrb hmoZoHo$ H$maUXoe-H$mb-ñdê$nV… n[apÀN>ÝZ nXmW©, `{X ‘¥fm hm| Vmo, gË`mË‘H$ kmZmË‘H$Am¡a {Ì{dY n[aÀN>oXa{hV AZÝVê$n hmo gH$Vo h¢ `m Zht? `h g‘ñ`m""{OgHo$ ^rVa o VrZm| gJ© ‘¥fm bJVo h¢'' nXmdbrna Ñ{ï>nmV H$aVo hrA{YH$ Jå^ra bJZo bJVr h¡.

d¡go BVZm Vmo ñdrH$maZm hr n‹S>oJm {H$ "{ÌgJ©' nX‘| "gJ©'nXHo$ g‘{^ì`mhade~«ô‘Ho$ H$m ©bjUH$s KQ>H$ CËn{Îm-pñW{V-b` ê$nm {H«$`mMVwï>`r Vmo `hm§{dd{jV ‘mZt Zht Om gH$Vr. Š`m|{H$ ~«ô‘bjUKQ>H$ Cn{ZfX²dMZ‘| Ho$dbVrZ {H«$`m Zht àË wV Mma {H«$`m n[aJ{UV hþ r h¢. CZ Mmam|Ho$ ~Om` Ho$dbVrZ {H«$`mAm|H$mo ‘¥fm ñdrH$maZm EH$ Ag§‘Og {dYmZ bJVm h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘|`m Vmo ~«mpô‘H$s Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©H$s Ì`rH$mo ‘¥fm {ÌgJ© ‘mZZm? AWdm àH¥${VH$s`m ‘m`mH$s ‘mZr OmVr gÎdaOñV‘moJwUH$s Ì`rH$mo `hm§ "{ÌgJ©' nXÛmamA{^àoV ‘mZZm? AWdm BZgo OÝ` XohopÝÐ`mÝV…H$aUH$s AÜ`mgÌ`rH$mo?AWdm ^y^w©d…ñd…ê$n bmoH$Ì`rH$mo? AWdm BZ bmoH$m|‘| {Zdmg H$aZodmbrXod‘mZdXmZdÌ`rH$mo? AWdm {Ì{dY n[aÀN>oXa{hV AZÝV ~«ô‘‘| Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nn[aÀN>oXH$s Ì`rH$mo? {H$gH$mo ‘m{`H$ `m ‘¥fm {ÌgJ© ‘mZZm? `h J§ ra{MÝVZH$s Anojm aIVm h¡.

AWm©V² ~«ô‘Ho$ o C^`{dY ñdê$nbjU Am¡a H$m ©bjU nañnag{hîUw hmogH$Vo h¢ `m Zht? Cn{ZfXW©Ho$ Cn~¥§hUmW©H$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU VWm ~«ô‘gyÌm|H$sbrbmH$WmpË‘H$m ì`m»`m hmoZoHo$ H$maU lr^mJdV‘hmnwamUH$m AnZm A{^àoVmW©dñVwV… Š`m h¡? BZ àíZm|Ho$, {H$ÝVw, g‘mYmZ ImoOZogo nhbo ñd § Cn{ZfXm|H$moCZH$m à{VnmÚ-{df` H¡$gm ‘mÝ` h¡ `h XoI boZm ^r C{MV hr hmoJm.

(Am¡n{ZfX ~«ô‘H$s ‘r‘m§gm Am¡a lr^mJdVr` ñWmZbrbm) "~«ô‘' nX àm`… "~«ô‘M ©' "~«mô‘U' `m "~«ô‘dmXr' gÑe nXà`moJm|‘|

doXdmMH$ hmoZona ^r Cn{ZfXm|‘| Vmo doXm|Ho$ à{VnmÚmW©H$m ^r dmMH$ ~Z J`mh ¡ : ""V§ Vw Am¡n{ZfX§ nwéf§ n¥ÀN>m{‘''-""~«ô‘ Vo ~«dm{U''(~¥h.Cn.3&9&26-2&1&1).

Bg {df`‘| ^JdËnmX lre§H$amMm`© EH$ AVrd ‘ZZr` ‘ybmYmaê$n{ZH$f h‘| àXmZ H$aVo h¢ ""AV… Vm{H©$H$dmXHo$ `moÕm Bg gd©à‘mUm|Ho$amOm doXmÝVH$s ~bdVr wOmAm|Ûmam gwa{jV ~«ô‘mË‘¡Š`Ho$ XwJ©‘| à{dï>hr Zht hmo nmVo h¢'' (àíZmon.6&3). AV… Cn{ZfXm|H$s lw{VAm|‘| ~«ô‘H$m O¡gm{Zê$nU CnbãY hmoVm hmo VXZwgma ~«ô‘‘r‘m§gmHo$ hoVw àd¥Îm hmoZm g^r doXmpÝVAm|H$mna‘ H$V©ì` ~Z OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ lr^mJdV ‘hmnwamU {X "{ZJ‘ê$n H$ënVéH$m


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J{bV ’$b' hmo Vmo Cn{ZfX² ñd § Cg {ZJ‘H$ënVéH$s ñn¥hUr`V‘ gwnëb{dVemIm h¢, {OZna `h ’$b CJ nm`m h¡

~«ô‘go àH$Q> hmoZodmbm {ÌgJ© : 1.AV… {Og Am¡n{ZfX ~«ô‘Ho$ CnmXmZ Aml` A{YH$aU AmYma `m

ñWmZ ~ZZona `h {Ì{dY gJ© àH$Q> hþdm, dh gJ© ñd § H¡$gm h¡, `h OmZZm hmoVmo ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²Ho$ AYmo{Z{X©ï> dMZ gd©Wm ‘ZZr` h¢. CZ‘| h H$hm J`mh¡ :

""~«ô‘Ho$ Xmo ê$n hmoVo h¢ : dh ‘yV© r h¡ Am¡a A‘yV© r, ‘Ë © rh¡ Am¡a A‘¥V ^r, {H$gr ñWmZ{deof‘| pñWV ^r h¡ Am¡a ApñWV^r, Anamoj ^r h¡ Am¡a namoj ^r.

dm w Am¡a AÝV[aj go {^ÝZ VÎd ~«ô‘Ho$ ‘yV© ê$n h¢. o gmao ‘yV©ê$n ‘Ë © pñWV VWm Anamoj hmoVo h¢. BZ ‘yV© ‘Ë © pñWV Am¡a àË`j~ZVo ê$nm|H$m dmñV{dH$ ag Vmo `h VnVm hþdm gy © h¡. Omo Hw$N>àË`jV`m {XIbm`r XoVm CgH$m ag `hr VnVm hþdm gy © h¡. A~dm w Am¡a AÝV[aj Vmo A‘yV© hmoVo h¢. o ~«ô‘Ho$ A‘yV© ê$n A‘¥VApñWV Am¡a namoj hmoVo h¢. BZ A‘yV© A‘¥V ApñWV namoj ê$nm|H$mag Vmo Bg gy ©‘ÊS>bHo$ ^rVa ahVm h¡. AV… Omo namoj hmo CgH$mdmñV{dH$ ag Vmo `h gy ©‘ÊS>bmÝVd©Vu A{YX¡d h¡.

A~ Bgr Vah AÜ`mË‘Ho$ ~mao‘| ^r gmoMZona Omo ‘yV© hmo dhàmUgo {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡. Bg AmH$me‘| Omo ‘Ë © Am¡a pñWV hmoVm h¡,dh àË`jV`m {XIbm`r XoVm h¡ Am¡a Bg ‘Ë © pñWV Am¡a AnamojH$m dmñV{dH$ ag Mjw hmoVr h¡. Bgr Vah AnZo ^rVa Omo àmU Am¡aAmH$me hmoVo h¢, do A‘yV© VWm A‘¥V hmoVo h¢. o ApñWV Am¡a namojhmoVo h¢. Bg A‘yV© A‘¥V ApñWV Am¡a namoj H$m dmñV{dH$ ag X{jUZ`Z‘| XrIVm nwéf (ñdnaàH$meH$ M¡VÝ`) h¡. Omo ^r Hw$N> AnZo^rVa namoj hmoVm h¡ CgH$m `h ag h¡.

A~ BgHo$ ~mX {ZfoY-AmXoe {H$`m OmVm h¡ "Zht'-"Zht'H$h H$a. "BVZm hr Zht', "Zht' Š`m|{H$ dh AÝ` ^r Hw$N> A{YH$h¡ hr.''

(~¥h.Cn.2&3&1-6).

AV… Omo gJ© àH$Q> hþdm h¡ dh nañna {damoYm^mgr JwUY‘m]dmbm gJ© h¡,`h ñnï> hmo OmVm h¡.

{ÌgJ©H$mo àH$Q> H$aZodmbo ~«ô‘H$m ñdê$n : 2.A~ {Og Am¡n{ZfX ~«ô‘go `h {Ì{dY gJ© àH$Q> hþdm dh ñd § H¡$gm

h¡, `h OmZZm hmo Vmo V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²H$m `h dMZ n`m©ßV h¡ :

""Omo ~«ô‘H$mo AgV² ‘mZVm h¡, dh Vmo ñd § AgV² {gÕ hmoOmVm h¡. naÝVw Omo ì`pŠV "~«ô‘ h¡' Eogo ‘mZVm hmo Cgo Vmo ApñV‘mZhr ‘mZZm Mm{hò... Cg ~«ô‘Zo H$m‘Zm H$s {H$ dh AZoH$Vm‘|àO{ZV hmo Om o... Cg ~«ô‘Zo {dMmam Am¡a CgZo {dMma H$a `hg~ Hw$N> {gaOm. `hm§ Omo Hw$N> h¡ CgH$m gO©Z H$a dh Cg‘| à{dï>hmo J`m. Am¡a à{dï> hmo H$a àË`j Am¡a namoj dh ~Zm, {ZéŠË`h©Am ¡a A{ZéŠË`h© ^r dhr ~Zm, gmYma=pñWV Am¡a{ZamYma=ApñWV ^r dh ~Zm, {dkmZ Am¡a A{dkmZ ^r dhr ~ZJ`m, Am¡a gË` Am¡a AZ¥V ^r dhr na‘ gË` ñd § ~Z J`m. AV…`hm§ Omo Hw$N> h¡ Cgo "gË`' H$hm OmVm h¡.''

(V¡{Îm.2&6).

EVmdVm {gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nV… n[aÀN>oXgo a{hV hmoZoHo$H$maU hr ~«ô‘ Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nV… n[apÀN>ÝZ nañna {damoYm^mgr AZÝVZm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$m EH$ A{damoYr AmYma `m Aml` VÎd h¡.

~«ô‘go {ÌgJ©Ho$ àH$Q> hmoZoH$s ar{V : 3.dh Am¡n{ZfX ~«ô‘ {H$g ar{Vgo {Ì{dY gJ© ~Zm `h OmZZm hmo Vmo

AW©dg§{hVm Am¡a V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² Ho$ o dMZ ‘ZZr` h¢ :


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""Cgo {XemAm|‘|go àH$Q> hmoZm Wm Bg{bò {Xem àH$Q> hmoJ`r... Cgo y{‘go àH$Q> hmoZm Wm Bg{b o y{‘ àH$Q> hmo J`r'',""A‘¥V Xodm|Zo ‘Ë © ‘Zwî`H$mo AnZm Ka ~ZmZm Mmhm, Bg{b o donwéf‘| à{dï> hmo J o.''

(AWd©g§{h.13&4&29,11&25&19). ""CgZo Mmhm {H$ dh AZoH$ ~Z Om o gmo Eogm {dMma H$a CgZo

`h g~ Hw$N> {gaOm. `hm§ Omo Hw$N> h¡ Cgo gaO H$a dh ñd § {gaOohþdm|‘| à{dï> hmo J`m.''

(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6). ""`h Ñ{ï>JmoMa OJV² CËnÝZ hmoZogo nhbo ^r gÐÿn hr Wm

EH$‘od Am¡a A{ÛVr`,... AÝ`Wm, Š`m|{H$, AgV²go gV² H¡$go ~ZnmVm?..., CgZo H$m‘Zm H$s {H$ ~hþV Hw$N> ~Z OmD$§... Cg XodVmZoXoIm {H$ ‘¢ AHo$bm o VrZ XodVm hþ§, gmo Bg OrdmË‘mHo$ ê$n‘|AZwà{dï> hmo H$a Zm‘-ê$nm|H$m ì`mH$aU H$ê$§''

(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&1-3,3&1-2)

AV… `h gmam Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ OJV² AnZo Aml` `m CnmXmZ ê$n~«ô‘Ho$ ^rVa EH$‘odm{ÛVr` ~«ô‘mË‘Zm CËn{Îmgo nhbo ^r gÐÿn Wm, AWm©V²Am{d y©V hmo OmZona Vmo gÐÿn hmoZm àíZmh© hr Zht h¡, AV… dh ~«ô‘Ho$ EH$Ëd‘|AZoH$V`m ~mha àH$Q> hþdm, gmJaH$s ObamerHo$ ^rVa O¡go AÝVYm©am AWdmdm w-n[any[aV MVw{X©H$ dmVmdaU‘| ‘ÝX g‘ra `m Am§Yr àH$Q> hmo OmVr h¢. BgrVah ~«ô‘H$s {Ì{dYn[aÀN>oXa{hV A{Yð>mZVm Aml`ê$nVm `m CnmXmZê$nVm Ho$^rVa {Ì{dY n[aÀN>oXdmbm `h Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ gJ© àH$Q> hþdm h¡. Am¡aBg Vah àH$Q>o Cg gJ©Ho$ ^rVa ^r dh gdm©l`ê$n ~«ô‘ nwZ… gdm©ÝVamË‘m `mna‘mË‘m Ho$ ê$n‘| à{dï> hmo H$a, CZ-CZ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$m ^rVago ^r {Z`‘ZH$aVm hr h¡. {ZîH$f©V`m Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]‘| àVrV hmoVo CËn{Îm-pñW{V-Am`{V-b`H$m dh A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZ yV ñWmZ `m Aml` {gÕ hmoVm h¡.

{ZîH$f©ê$noU Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©Ho$ {Ì{dY gJ©H$mo ~«ô‘go AË`ÝV {^ÝZ ‘mZZmVmo {‘Ï`m YmaUm hmo gH$Vr h¡ na ~«ô‘go VmXmËå`^mdmnÝZ ‘mZZm H$W‘{n{‘Ï`m YmaUm ‘mZr Zht Om gH$Vr. AV… {Ì{dY gJ©H$mo "A~«mpô‘H$ {dH$ma'H$hZm dmUr{dbmg AWdm eãXkmZmZwnmVr dñVweyÝ`ê$nm {dH$ënd¥{ÎmÛmam {ÌgJ©H$m{Zê$nU H$aZo O¡gr ~mV h¡. EVmdVm ñd § ~«ô‘mË‘H$ {Ì{dY gJ© ‘¥fm Zht {gÕhmo OmVm.

Š`m|{H$ Ñï>-lwV-‘V-{dkmV Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ gmW H$moB© ~«mpô‘H$sEH$VmH$mo ^br^m§{V OmZ nm`| Vmo AÑï>-AlwV-A‘V-A{dkmV ~«ô‘Ho$Am¡nmXm{ZH$ ñdê$nJV gd©VmXmËå`mYmaê$nm EH$ËdH$mo ^r OmZ boZo Am¡a Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ AZoH$Ëd‘| ^r EH$ËdH$mo nhMmZ boZo g‘W© ~Z gH$Vm h¡. ñd §lw{V hr Eogm {dYmZ H$aVr h¡ :

""{Ogo gwZ boZoHo$ H$maU AlwV lwV ~Z OmVm hmo, A‘V ‘V~Z OmVm hmo, A{dkmV {dkmV ~Z OmVm hmo... O¡go EH$ ‘¥pËnÊS>H$mo^br^m§{V OmZ boZona gmao ‘¥Ê‘` nXmW© OmZo Om gH$Vo h¢. O¡go{‘Å>r‘|go ~Zo K‹S>o-gH$moaoH$mo "{‘Å>rH$m {dH$ma' H$hZm ~mô` dñVwXeuZht àË`wV dŠVmH$m AmÝVa {ddjmXeu dmUrH$m ì`mnma h¡.Š`m|{H$ CZH$m gÀMm Zm‘ Vmo "‘¥{ÎmH$m={‘Å>r' hr hmoVm h¡.''

(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&1&4). ""Zm‘ ê$n Am¡a H$‘© VrZ hmoVo h¢... gmao Zm‘ dmUrÛmam àH$Q>

hmoVo h¢... ~«ô‘ BZ gmao Zm‘m|H$mo YmaU H$aVm h¡. gmao ê$n Z`Zm|Ho$Ûmam àH$Q> hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ~«ô‘ hr BZ gmao ê$nm|H$mo YmaU H$aVm h¡...gmao H$‘© AmË‘m Ûmam àH$Q> hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ~«ô‘ hr gmao H$‘m]H$mo YmaUH$aVm h¡. AV… o VrZ hmoZona ^r AmË‘mHo$ ê$n‘| EH$ hr hmoVo h¢ Am¡aAmË‘m EH$ hmoZona ^r VrZ hmoVr h¡.''

(~¥h.Cn.1&6&1-3). BZ lw{VdMZm| VWm Eogo hr Xygao ^r doXdmMH$ "~«ô‘'nXHo$ ~mao‘| CnbãY

hmoVo {dYmZ-


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""Jwé‘wIÛmam CÀMm[aV doXHo$ AZwÀMmaê$noU AYrV doXHo$‘ÝÌ-~«mô‘Uê$n AZoH$ lw{V`m|H$s "~«ô‘' Bg nXHo$ à`moJ H$aZonaEH$Vm àH$Q> hmo OmVr h¡.''

(~¥h.Cn.1&6&17). AWm©V² nX `m nXmW© C^`ê$noU Ag§»` {d{dYVm XagmZoH$mo Omo Hw$N> ^r

H$hm-gmoMm Om gH$Vm hmo, CZ g^rH$s "~«ô‘' H$hZogo EH$Vm àH$Q> hmo OmVrh¡.

~«ô‘go àH$Q>o {ÌgJ©H$s àmH$Q²>`nyd© AdñWm, àmH$Q²>`moÎma AdñWm VWmb`moÎma AdñWm VrZm| H$mb‘| ~«ô‘ê$nVm :

4.EVmdVm `h ñnï> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ gË` kmZ AZÝV ñdê$n ~«ô‘Ho$CnmXmZV`m Aml`^mdmnÝZ hmoZona ~«ô‘Ho$ ^rVa àH$Q> hmoZodmbo {Ì{dY gJ©H$mo~«ô‘go {^ÝZ XrIVm ‘mZZm `m OmZZm hr ‘¥fm A{^‘{V `m {dkmZ ‘mZZmMm{h o. AÝ`Wm VmXmËå oZ àH$Q> hþdm XrIVm A{^‘V `m {dkmV hmoVm hmoZona‘¥fm ‘m{`H$ m ñdà{VnÝZmonm{Y‘| Ì¡H$m{bH$ {ZfoYH$m à{V`moJr ‘mZZm Amdí`H$Zht ah OmVm.

ñd § lr^mJdV ‘hmnwamU‘| g¥{ï>H$mo àH$Q> H$aZoH$s ~«ô‘mOrH$mo àXÎm AmkmVWm {Z{X©ï> B{VH$V©ì`VmH$m {ZX}e Am¡a VXwn`moJr VÎdmonXoe H$aVo g‘`^JdmZ²Ho$ o dMZ Bg {df`‘| AVrd ‘ZZr` h¡ :

""‘oam {dkmZg‘pÝdV gahñ` na‘Jwô` gm§Jmonm§J kmZ gwZmo{H$ ‘¢ {H$VZm hþ§ H¡$gm hþ§ {H$Z ê$n JwU Am¡a H$‘© dmbm hþ§. BZ gmar~mVm|H$m ‘oao AZwJ«hgo VÎd{dkmZ hmo OmZm Mm{h o : ‘¢ hr Am¡a Wmhr, ‘oao {gdm AÝ` Hw$N> ^r gV² AgV² `m na Zht Wm. ~mX‘| ^r `hOmo Hw$N> h¡ dh ‘¢ hr hþ§ Am¡a Omo Hw$N> ~MoJm dh ^r ‘¢ hr hþ§. AW©ê$n‘oao Abmdm Omo Hw$N> àVrV hmoVm h¡; AWdm, gdm©Ë‘ê$n hmoZona^r, Omo Hw$N> ‘oao ^rVa Zht àVrV hmoVm, Cgo ‘oar {‘Ï`m^mg Am¡aAÝYH$ma XagmZodmbr ‘m`m OmZmo. O¡go n§M ‘hm yV àË oH$ CÀM-

ZrM ^m¡{VH$ nXmW©‘| à{dï> ^r ahVo h¢ Am¡a ~mha ahZogo Aà{dï>^r. Cgr Vah g^r nXmWm]Ho$ ^rVa ‘¢ à{dï> ^r hþ§ Am¡a Aà{dï>^r.''

(^mJ.nwam.2&9&30-34).

AV… Š`m|{H$ ‘¥fm hmoZoH$s A{Zdm © h h¡ eV© {H$ H$moB© dñVw AnZo Aml`‘|ahZodmbo AË`ÝVm^mdH$s à{V`moJr ^r hmo. BgHo$ {dnarV ñd § na‘mW© gË`^JdmZ² hr AnZo ^rVa àH$Q>o Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ {Ì{dY gJ©Ho$ AÝV^y©VàË oH$ nXmW©‘| à{dï> ^r h¢ Am¡a Aà{dï> ^r. AV… H$ÊR>moŠV CZH$s {dÚ‘mZVmAm¡a A{dÚ‘mZVm XmoZm| h¢. AWm©V² ñdml`{Zð> AË`ÝVm^mdHo$ à{V`moJr ~Z ahoh¢. A~ na‘ gË` ^JdmZ² Vmo ‘¥fm hmo Zht gH$Vo. Š`m|{H$ AÝ`Wm VWmH${WV‘¥fm {ÌgJ©ê$n A{Yð>mZna na‘ gË` ^JdmZ²H$mo ^r Amamo{nV {‘Ï`m^mgñdrH$maZona Vmo g~ Hw$N> eyÝ`dV² hr hmo Om oJm

"{ÌgJ©' nXHo$ gå^m{dV AW© : 5.Eogr pñW{V‘| àH¥${V/‘m`mH$s gÎdaOñV‘moJwUH$s Ì`rH$mo Š`m ‘¥fm

‘mZZm?

""Bg {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m g¥{ï>H$m {ÌJwUmË‘H$ CnmXmZH$maUàH¥${V ~ZVr h¡. JwUmVrV nwéf CgH$m AmYma ~ZVm h¡. Am¡a OmogV² `m {dÚ‘mZ hmo CgH$m A{^ì`ÄOH$ H$mb ~ZVm h¡. na BZVrZm| hr ê$nm|‘| ~«ô‘ê$n ‘¢ Vmo EH$ hr ahVm hþ§.''

(^mJ.nwam.11&24&19).

Bg dMZHo$ AmYmana, naÝVw, JwUÌ`r AWdm {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m g¥{ï> H$mo ^r‘¥fm Vmo ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm h¡. Am¡a AVEd BZgo OÝ` XohopÝÐ`mÝV…H$aUH$sÌ`rH$mo ^r ñdê$nV… Vmo ‘¥fm ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm. {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m àH¥${VHo$H$m © yV BZ XohopÝÐ`mÝV…H$aUm|Ho$ nwéfm|‘| K{Q>V hmoVo `m nwéfm|Ho$ ~rM AdVrU©hmoZodmbo nwéfmoÎm‘‘| àVrV hmoVo AÜ`mgH$mo Adí` ‘¥fm ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡. ahr


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~mV ^y^w ©dññd-ê$nm bmoH$Ì`rH$s AWdm CZ bmoH$m o‘| {Zdmg H$aVoXod‘mZdXmZdm|H$s `mo{ZÌ`rH$s, Vmo ñd § lr^mJdV ‘hmnwamU‘|-

""gwa Agwa Za ZmJ IJ ‘¥J garg¥n JÝYd© Aßgam | j amjgyVJU new {nVa {gÕ {dÚmYa MmaU Ðþ‘ Am¡a AÝ` ^r {d{dY

Ord Ob ñWb VWm Z^ ‘| ahZodmbo J«h ZjÌ Ho$Vw VmamJU ~rObr‘oK g^r Hw$N> `hr nwéf ~Zm h¡ Omo yVH$mb‘| dV©‘mZ H$mb‘| hmo`m ^{dî`H$mb‘| hmoZodmbm hmo.''

(^mJ.nwam.2&6&13-15).

Bg dMZHo$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona CŠVÌ`r ‘¥fm ‘mZr Zht Om gH$Vr.{ZîH$f©V`m {Ì{dY n[aÀN>oXa{hV gd© dZg‘W© ~«ô‘‘| {ZObrbmH$s BÀN>mHo$AZwgma àH$Q> hmoZodmbo ~«ô‘mË‘H$ {Ì{dY n[aÀN>oX ~«ô‘go AË`ÝV {^ÝZV`m`{X àVrV hmoVo hm| V^r CZH$mo ‘¥fm ‘mZZm wpŠV wŠV hmo gH$Vm h¡.

~«ô‘go àH$Q>r {ÌgJ©brbm : 6.AV… AVEd lr^mJdVr` n§M‘ñH$ÝY‘| d{U©V brbmHo$ ñWmZHo$ dmñV{dH$

ñdê$nH$mo AdJV H$aZogo nhbo `h OmZ boZm Amdí`H$ h¡ {H$ `h ñWmZbrbm,{Og Aml`ê$n ~«ô‘Ho$ ^rVa àH$Q> hþ r h¡, CgHo$ gmW BgH$m gå~ÝY Z VmoAmË`pÝVH$ Û¡VK{Q>V h¡ Am¡a Z AmË`pÝVH$ EH$ËdK{Q>V h¡. `h Vmo ~«mpô‘H$sEH$VmHo$ ^rVa àH$Q> hþ r ~«ô‘mpË‘H$m AZoH$Vm h¡. CZ AZoH$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ AÝV{Z© ‘ZmW© dhr CnmXmZê$n ~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m `m gdm©ÝVamË‘m hmoZoHo$ê$n‘| àË oH$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ ^rVa ^r AdpñWV hmoVm h¡. Am¡a `hr CgH$sñWmZbrbm h¡. dh àË oH$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ ^rVa O¡go namojV`m AdpñWVhmoVm h¡, Eogo hr CZ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m}Ho$ ~rM ^r dh H$^r-H$^r àË`jV`màH$Q> hmo gH$Vm h¡. V~ o g~ CgH$s AdVmabrbmHo$ ñWb ^r ~Z nmVo h¢.

{ÌgJ© ~«ô‘‘| Am{lV h¡ Am¡a ~«ô‘ {ÌgJ©‘| AZwà{dï>V`m AdpñWVh¡ :

7.AV… ñWmZbrbmHo$ ^r Aml`ê$n gdm©Ymaê$n ~«ô‘ Am¡a brb`m g¥ï>ñWmZm|‘| à{dï> `m àH$Q> hmoZodmbo CgHo$ gdm©ÝVamË‘ê$n Am¡a ^JdXdVmaê$nm|H$mo lr^mJdV ‘hmnwamU‘| AÝ`moÝ`m{lV brbmHo$ ê$n‘| XoIZm Amdí`H$ hmoOmVm h¡. Bgo hr bú`‘| aI H$a H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ ""Omo AmÜ`mpË‘H$ nwéf h¡dhr Vmo Am{YX¡{dH$ nwéf r h¡ {H$ÝVw BZ XmoHo$ ~rM {dÀN>oX àH$Q> H$aZodmbmnXmW© Am{Y^m¡{VH$ nwéf hmoVm h¡'' (^mJ.nwam.2&10&8) BZ Am{Y^m¡{VH$AmÜ`mpË‘H$ Am¡a Am{YX¡{dH$ nwéfÌ`rH$m ñdê$n ^r `ht lr^mJdV‘| {ZYm©[aVH$a {X`m J`m h¡-

""Ðì` H$‘© H$mb ñd^md Ord gmaoHo$ gmao Cg na‘mË‘mHo$AZwJ«hde Am{d^y©V hmoVo h¢ Cnojmde {Vamo^yV. Š`m|{H$ CgEH$‘odm{ÛVr` XodZo ZmZm ~ZZoH$mo `moJ{ZÐmgo OmJZona {haÊ‘`dr`©H$mo VrZ ^mJm|‘| AnZr gd©^dZgm‘Ï`©ê$nm ‘m`mÛmam ~m§Q>H$a Am{YX¡{dH$ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ Am¡a Am{Y^m¡{VH$ hmoZoHo$ VrZ ê$nm|‘|ñd § AnZm nm¡éf VrZ Vahgo {d^ŠV {H$`m.''

(^mJ.nwam.2&10&12-14). AV… n§M‘ñH$ÝYr` brbmHo$ ê$n‘| Omo ñWmZ àH$Q> hþdo h¢ do ~mahd|

ñH$ÝY‘| à{VnmÚ Aml`brbmHo$ ^rVa àH$Q> hþdo h¢ Am¡a dh gdm©l`ê$n ~«ô‘^r gdm©ÝVamË‘mHo$ ê$n‘| ñWmZbrbmê$n Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ ^rVa namojV`m Am¡aAnZr `moJ‘m`m ê$nm A{MÝË` gm‘Ï ©de CZ brbmñWmZm|‘| ^JdXdVmaê$noUAnamojV`m ^r àH$Q> hmo H$a AdpñWV hmoVm h¡. AWm©V² ñWmZ Am¡a Aml` XmoZm|EH$XyOoHo$ ^rVa Am{lV ^r hmoVo h¢ Am¡a EH$XyOoHo$ Aml`ê$n ^r hmoVo h¢. Eogm^mJdVr` à{VnmXZ ‘yb‘| Am¡n{Zf{XH$ ahñ` hr h¡.

(lr^mJdVà{Vnm{XV ñWmZbrbm Ho$db ^JdX²Ü`mZmW© h¡? `m^JdmZ²Zo ñd § na‘mW©V… ñWmZê$n YmaU {H$`m h¡?)

lr^mJdV ‘hmnwamUHo$ V¥Vr` ñH$ÝY‘| à{VnmXZr` gJ©brbmHo$ A§JV`mg¥ï> nXmWm]H$mo Y‘© AW© H$m‘ Am¡a ‘moj ê$nr MVw{d©Y nwéfmWm]H$s ì`dñWmHo$gmW {dg©JbrbmHo$ ê$n‘| MVwW© ñH$ÝY‘| g‘m`mo{OV {H$`m J`m. ñdm^m{dH$V`mBZ g¥ï>-{dg¥ï> O‹S>-Ord-AÝV`m©‘r ê$nm|Ho$ hoVw Y‘©ñWmZ AW©ñWmZ H$m‘ñWmZ


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`m ‘mojñWmZ H$s Vah hr AY©‘ñWmZ AZW©ñWmZ AH$m‘ñWmZ `m ~ÝYñWmZ{Z`V Z {H$ o OmVo hm| Vmo nwéfmW©MVwï>`rH$s ì`dñWm ^br^m§{V H$m ©j‘ Zhthmo gH$Vr h¡. AV… àíZ CR> gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Cg na‘òï>m Ûmam g¥ï>-{dg¥ï>H$mñWmZ H$hm§-H¡$gm h¡, Eogm ñWmZ{Zê$nU òï>mHo$ VmpÎdH$ ñdê$nHo$ ‘mhmËå`Ho$Ü`mZmW© à{Vnm{XV hþdm h¡? AWdm g¥ï>-{dg¥ï> VÎdm|Ho$ {H$gr VahHo$ ñdJV‘hÎdH$mo bú`‘| aI H$a `h à{VnmXZ {H$`m J`m h¡? AWm©V² ^JdËñdê$nHo$Ü`mZmW© ñWmZê$nm|H$m à{VnmXZ h¡ {H$ à{Vnm{XV àH$mago ñWmZm|H$m Ü`mZH$aZoH$s H$moB© Y‘m}n`moJr AWm}n`moJr H$m‘mon`moJr `m ‘mojmon`moJr ‘hÎmm h¡?AWdm {ÌgJ©Ho$ na‘òï>mH$m Ü`mZ Ü`mZH$Vm©Ho$ dmñV{dH$ Am¡a A^rï> ñWmZHo$~moYmW© Ano{jV h¡ Am¡a `h g¥ï>-{dg¥ï> nXmWm]Ho$ ñWmZH$m kmZ Cg na‘ òï>mHo$VÎdHo$ ~moYmW© Ano{jV h¡? AWm©V² Bg n§M‘ ñH$ÝY‘| Ü`mZm¡n{`H$ VÎdà{VnmXZAWdm à{Vnm{XV àH$maHo$ gå`J² ~moYmZwê$n Ü`mZH$m {dYmZ {H$`m J`m h¡?BZ àíZm|H$m ^r Am¡n{Zf{XH$ gÝX ©‘| g‘mYmZ ImoOZm Amdí`H$ h¡.

g¥ï>-{dg¥ï> ñWmZm|H$m O‹S>-OrdHo$ ê$n‘| {d^mOZ {H$`m Om o Vmo EH$ dñVwOrdH$s MoVZm‘| ~mô` {df`V`m ^m{gV hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Xygar CZ {d{dY ~mô`{df`m|Ho$ Ad^mgZHo$ A{YH$aUV`m àH$Q> hmoVm AmË‘M¡VÝ` h¡. `Ú{n XmoZm| hràË`jà‘mUÛmam A{YJV hmoZoHo$ H$maU lw{V-ñ‘¥{V-gyÌ-nwamUm{XHo$ eãXà‘mUgoOÝ` ~moYH$s Anojm Zht aIVo, {’$a^r BÝht àË`jà‘mUm{YJV {df`m|Ho$ H$moB©ñ‘¥{VJå` yVH$m{bH$ ê$n, Vmo H$moB© BpÝÐ`mW©Ho$ g§{ZH$f©O~w{ÕJå` dV©‘mZH$m{bH$ê$n, Vmo H$moB© AZw‘mZm{X‘{VJå` ^{dî`ËH$m{bH$ ê$n, Vmo H$moB© emãXàkmJå`H$mbmVrV ê$n-JwU-Y‘©-AW©{H«$`m ^r hmo gH$Vr h¢. AV… Ho$db àË`jà‘mUOmJ{VH$ gd©{dY AnojmAm|H$mo n[anyU© H$aZo n`m©ßV {gÕ Zht hmoVm. AVEdHw$N> lw{VdMZm|H$m {d‘e© An[ahm © hmo OmVm h¡. `Wm :

""dh àmUm|H$m ^r àmU h¡, MjwH$m ^r Mjw h¡, lmoÌH$m ^rlmoÌ h¡, ‘ZH$m ^r ‘Z h¡, Eogm OmZZodmbm A{J«‘ VWm nwamUê$nr ~«ô‘H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$a nmVm h¡. BgH$m AZwXe©Z Vmo ‘Zgo hrgå^d h¡ {H$ `hm§ ZmZm O¡gm Hw$N> Zht h¡. Omo ZmZm O¡gm Hw$N>‘mZVm h¡ CgH$s ‘¥Ë wgo ^r A{YH$ ‘¥Ë w hmo OmVr h¡. AV… CgH$mAZwXe©Z EH$Ym hr H$aZm Mm{h o... Cgo ^br^m§{V ~w{Õgo OmZ

H$a AnZr àkmH$m {df` ~ZZm Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ ~hþV gmao eãXm|`m AWm] H$m AZwÜ`mZ H$aZm Vmo dmUrH$m Anì`` h¡.''

(~¥h.Cn.4&4&18-21). ""Ho$db Cgo OmZZoHo$ H$maU hr H$moB© ‘¥Ë wH$m A{VH«$‘U H$a

gH$Vm h¡ AÝ`Wm Am¡a H$moB© ‘mJ© ‘mojH$m h¡ hr Zht''.(dmO.g§{h.31&18).

""dh hOmam| ‘ñVH$ Z`Z Am¡a MaU dmbm h¡. dh gmar y{‘‘|ì`mßV hmo H$a Xg A§Jwbr A{YH$ n[a‘mUdmbm h¡. dh nwéf `hg~ Hw$N> h¡, Mmho Hw$N> yVH$m{bH$ hmo `m ^{dî`ËH$m{bH$... CgHo$EH$ MaU‘| gmao ‘Ë © yV g‘m{dï> hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a CgHo$ VrZ A‘¥VMaU ÚwbmoH$‘| AdpñWV h¢... Cg ‘hmZ² nwéfH$mo ‘¡ OmZVm hþ§ {H$dh gmao AÝYH$mago nao Am{XË`dUu àH$meê$n h¡. dh gmao ê$nm|H$moYmaU H$a ñd §H$mo CZ Zm‘m|g| A{^{hV H$aVm h¡... Bg Vah H$moB©Cgo OmZ nm o Vmo A‘¥V nm gH$Vm h¡, AÝ`Wm Xygam H$moB© ‘mJ©‘mojHo$ {b o {dÚ‘mZ Zht.''

(V¡{Îm.Ama.3&12&1-7)

BZ lw{VdMZm|Ho$ AmYmana `h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ òï>m Am¡a g¥{ï> Ho$VmpÎdH$ ñdê$nm|H$m kmZ O¡go Ü`mZmW© h¡ d¡go hr Ü`mZH$s VmpÎdH$ ñdê$nHo${ZYm©aUmW© kmZemñÌr` Amdí`H$Vm ^r h¡ hr. {’$a^r g¥{ï> Am¡a CgHo$ AÝVJ©V{Z{‘©V ñWmZ n[adV©erb hmoVo h¢ O~{H$ òï>m gZmVZ An[adV©Zerb A{dH$marhmoVm h¡. AV… CgH$s à‘wIVm Am¡a n[adV©Zerb Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©pË‘H$m g¥{ï>Jm¡UVm h¡. Ý`m`‘Vr` àUmbrH$m AZwgaU H$aVo hþdo Hw$N> H$hZm Mmh| Vmo `m|H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ òï¥>ËdàH$maH$ ~«ô‘{deoî`H$ kmZ `m Ü`mZ àkmpË‘H$mà‘wIVm {b o hmoJm O~{H$ ~«ô‘mË‘H$VmàH$maH$ g¥{ï>{deoî`H$ kmZ `m Ü`mZemãXà‘mOÝ` ~w{Õê$n hmoJm AVEd ‘hmà w lrdëb^mMm © Bg n§M‘ ñH$ÝYHo$‘§JbmMaUV`m EH$ CëboIZr` {dYmZ H$aVo h¢

""~w{ÕHo$ àoaH$ lrH¥$îUHo$ MaUH$‘b h‘mao D$na Eogo àgÝZ hm| {H$ h‘


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Ag‘W© hmoZona ^r CZH$m Ü`mZ bJmZo g‘W© hmo nm |'' (V.Xr.{Z.3&5&1)‘hmà wH$m EH$ Ñ‹T>Va A{^àm` `h ^r h¡ {H$ g¥{ï> Am{XH$mo Ho$db ^JdmZ²H$sH¥${V `m H$m © g‘PZo ‘mÌgo ^pŠV {gÕ Zht hmo nmVr naÝVw BÝh| ^JdmZ²H$sbrbmHo$ ê$n‘| {ZhmaZona Adí` hr pŠV {gÕ hmo nmVr h¡ (Ðï>.^mJ.nwam.1&1&4).

AV… ^JdmZ²Ho$ VmpÎdH$ ñdê$n Am¡a ^JdëbrbmHo$ ^r VmpÎdH$ ñdê$nH$moOmZZm Ü`mZê$n à`moOZH$s ny{V©Ho$ hoVw h¡ VWm ldU H$sV©Z ñ‘aU H$aZo‘|XmoZm|H$s EH$XyOoHo$ {b o Cn`mo{JVm h¡. gmW hr gmW

BVaoVagmnoj Jm¡U‘w»`^md ^r h¡. ‘hmà wH$s BZ Xe{dY brbmAm|Ho$ ~mao‘|ì`m»`mar{VH$s Hw$N> {deofVmAm|na bú` XoZona EH$ Am¡a ~mV Câ H$a gm‘ZoAmVr h¡ Am¡a dh `h {H$ Bg ‘hmnwamUH$mo Cn{ZfXW©‘r‘m§gmH$s e¡br‘| hr ZhtàË wV ‘h{f© ~mXamÙHo$ ~«ô‘gyÌm|H$s ‘r‘m§gmH$s Vah ^r XoIZm MmhVo h¢.AVEd O¡gm CZ gyÌm|‘| lwË`W©‘r‘m§gmH$mo à‘mU-à‘o -gmYZ-’$bê$nm|‘| dJuH¥$V{H$`m J`m h¡. VXZwgma Z Ho$db Xe‘ñH$ÝYr` brbmAm|‘| hr A{nVw Xe{dYbrbmAm|‘| ^r dh à‘mUm{XMVwï>`rH$m àmê$n ImoOZm ‘hmà wH$mo Amdí`H$bJVm h¡.

‘hmà w Bg {df`‘| EH$ e§H$m-g‘mYmZ H$aVo hþdo `h à{VnmXZ H$aVo h¢{H$ Bg ‘hmnwamU‘| Xg nXmWm]Ho$ {Zê$nU {H$ o OmZona emñÌ oX Vmo H$htJbon{VV Zht hmoJm Eogr Ame§H$m naÝVw Zht H$aZr Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ Bg emñÌr`VÎdH$m {dMma nañna {damoYm^mgr dMZm|‘| A{damoY ImoOZo‘| n ©d{gV hmoZmMm{h o. dh ~«ô‘H$mo gd©ê$n YmaU H$aZo‘| g‘W© ‘mZo {~Zm eŠ` Zht. AV…~«ô‘Ho$ ñdê$ngo AÝ`Wm àH$maH$m `{X Hw$N> CÀM-ZrM oXdmbm à{V^mZ hmoVmhmo Vmo CgH$m H$Vm© ^r ~«ô‘ hr hmoVm h¡. Bg {gÕmÝVì`dñWm‘| `{X H$moB© XyfUñ’w$[aV hmoVo hm| XyfU Am¡a Xyî` ^r ñd § lrh[a hr hmoVo h¢. Š`m|{H$ gmao{damoYm^mg ~«ô‘‘| hr emo{^V hmoVo h¢. Aml`ê$n ~«ô‘Ho$ ~mao‘| ""`mo Ad{eî oVgmo Apñ‘ Ah‘²'' H$hm J`m hmoZogo (Ðï>.gw~mo.2&9&23). AVEd ~«ô‘Ho$ gmWg§~Õ à‘mU à‘o gmYZ Am¡a ’$b g^r ~«ô‘mË‘H$ hmoZo Mm{h |. A~ Xe‘nXmW©ê$n ~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUH$m Aml` yV ñdê$n `m brbm Ho$^br^m§{V ~moY hmoZona hr gmar {H$ gmar Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©pË‘H$m g¥{ï>brbmH$m

^r ^JdÐÿn hmoZm ~moYJå` ~ZVm h¡. AV… `h AdJV hmo OmZona brbmW©n[aJ¥hrV Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ ~mao‘| J«mô`/Ë`mÁ`H$m {ddoH$ ^r CnnÝZ hmo OmVmh¡ (Ðï>.gw~mo.2&10&4).

‘hmà wHo$ Eogo Ñ{ï>H$moUHo$ ~mao‘| A{Zdm ©V`m kmVì` VÏ` `h h¡ {H$ Eogm{ddoH$ `{X ~wÕçmê$‹T> Z hmo nmò Vmo nydm}XmöV ""‘Zg¡d AZwÐï>ì`§ ZohZmZmpñV {H$ÄMZ ‘¥Ë`mo… g ‘¥Ë w‘² AmßZmo{V ` Bh ZmZod ní`{V... V‘odYramo {dkm` àkm§ Hw$duV ~«mô‘Umo, Z AZwÜ`m`Z² ~hÿZ eãXmZ² dmMmo{d½bmnZ§ {h VV²'' (~¥h.Cn.4&4&19-21) dMZ‘| ~«ô‘Ho$ EH$Ym AZwXe©ZH$sO¡gr g¡ÕmpÝVH$ Amdí`H$Vm à{Vnm{XV H$s J`r CgHo$ hr AmYmana ""‘¥Ë`moa{n‘¥Ë w'' ‘| ^r ~«ô‘^md aIZo‘| Amn{ÎmOZH$ Hw$N> ah Zht Om oJm, ^JdmZ² ñd §JrVm‘| `h ñdrH$maVo ^r h¢ hr {H$ ""A‘¥VÄM¡d ‘¥Ë wíM gXgÀM Ah‘²''(^J.JrVm.9&19). Am¡a V~ Vmo ZmZmËdXe©Z‘| ^r Amn{ÎmOZH$ Hw$N> ‘mZm ZhtOm gHo$Jm Š`m|{H$ ñd § ~«ô‘ hr Vmo ñdoÀN>`m ZmZm ~Zm h¡, O¡gm {H$ lr^mJdV‘hmnwamU‘| H$hm hr J`m h¡ ""EH$mo ZmZmËd‘² ApÝdÀN>Z²'' (^mJ.nwam.2&10&13).`m| ~«ô‘oVa Vmo Hw$N> nX-nXmW© hmo hr Zht gH$Vm Vmo BVa nX-nXmWm]Ho$ Ü`mZYaZo‘| ^r dmUrH$m Anì`` {gÕ Zht hmo nm oJm. AV… ~«mô‘¡H$ËdmZwÜ`mZHo$‘mhmËå`{Zê$nU‘| AZoH$Vm à{V’${bV hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Eogr AZoH$VmHo$ ahVoEH$ËdH$mo na‘ gË`V`m ‘mÝ` aIm Zht Om gH$Vm, `m| C^`V…nme `hm§PbH$Vm h¡

AV… BgHo$ g‘mYmZmW© ‘hmà wHo$ ‘VHo$ AZwgma `h Amdí`H$ h¡ Š`m|{H$AZoH$ËdH$mo ‘m{`H$ Z ‘mZZm hmo Vmo g^r nXmWm]‘| ^JdmZ²Ho$ Xe{dY Y‘©ñdrH$maZo n‹S>|Jo. o g^r brbmAm|‘| ^JdmZ²Ûmam Yao J o ^JdXmË‘H$ ê$n hrhmoVo h¢. brbmW© àH$Q>, naÝVw, EopÀN>H$ ôXHo$ AZwamoYde ^JdXmpË‘H$mbrbm‘| ^r Hw$N> ^JdmZ²Ho$ Hw$N> Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©, `Wm, ì`m‘mo{hH$m àX{e©VZm‘-ê$n-H$‘©, Vm‘g ~mô` nXmW©, ‘Z-dmUr-H$m`mH$s Amgwar d¥{Îm Am¡aBgr Vah AY‘©-ZaH$ Am{X ~«ô‘V`m kmVì` hmoZona ^r OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ n[a{‘Vgm‘Ï ©Ho$ {dMmade VWm brbm oXHo$ AZwamoYde ^r CnmXo V`m AJ«mô` hmoVoh¢. AVEd BÝh| ~«ô‘{df`H$ EH$ËdmZwgÝYmZHo$ AÝVJ©V ~«ô‘mË‘H$ hmoZoHo$gmW-gmW brbmZwamoYde AJ«mô` ^r ‘mZm J`m h¡. EVXW© hr ‘hmà w `h


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ñnîQ>rH$aU ^r XoVo h¢ {H$ ~«ô‘V`m OJV²H$mo OmZZm AÀN>r ~mV h¡, {’$a^rOmJ{VH$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ ~Om`, {Og‘| ò Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘© ñd`§H$sbrbmH$m‘ZmHo$ de àH$Q> hþdo h¢, Cg ~«ô‘Ho$ hr ~mao‘| h‘mao ^rVa na‘AmgpŠV hmoZr Mm{h o (Ðï>.gw~mo.2&9&35). AVEd ^JdëbrbmHo$ AÝVJ©V^JdmZ²Ho$ à‘mU-à‘o -gmYZ-’$bmË‘H$ brbmW© n[aJ¥hrV MVw{d©Y ê$n Wm`WbrbmHo$ AÝVJ©V OrdmË‘mHo$ na‘{hVgmYH$ hmoZona O¡go H$^r J«mô` hmoVo h¢,d¡go hr brbmW© `m brbmHo$ AÝVJ©V OrdmË‘mH$m A{hV H$aZodmbo à‘mUm^mg-à‘o m^mg-Xwï>gmYZ-Xw…I¡H$ê$n’$b AJ«mô` ^r ‘mZo Om gH$Vo h¢.

^mJdVr` Xe{dY brbmAm|H$s à‘mUm{X MVwï>`ê$nVm : 1.Bgr d¡Mm[aH$ n¥ð> y{‘na ‘hmà wZo Hw$N> ‘hÎdnyU© {dYmZ Eogo ^r CËH$sU©

{H$ò h¢ {H$ ^JdmZ²H$s Xe{dY brbmAm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V V¥Vr`-MVwW©-n§M‘ñH$ÝYr` gJ©-{dgJ©-ñWmZ nXmW© g¥{ï>brbm‘| à‘o bjUê$n h¢, H$maUVÎdH$sàYmZVmHo$ AZwamoYde. fð>-gßV‘-Aï>‘ ñH$ÝYr` nmofU-D${V-‘ÝdÝVa nXmW©à‘mUbjUê$n h¢, Š`m|{H$ ko ~«ô‘ AmlÙr`na‘mË‘m `m ÔZr`^JdmZ² Ho$dmñV{dH$ ñdê$nH$m kmZ ñd § ^JdXZwJ«hOÝ` gËH$‘©dmgZm Am¡a gXmMaU{~Zm eŠ` Zht. Zd‘-Xe‘-EH$mXe ñH$ÝYr` B©emZwH$Wm-{ZamoY-‘wpŠVnXmW© ^pŠV ^JdËgm wÁ` `m nwZ~«©ô‘^mdmn{Îm ê$nr h¢ AWm©V² gmYZbjU-’$bbjU-ê$n h¢ (Ðï>.gw~mo.2&10&2).

Bg gpÀMXmZÝXê$n òï>mH$s AnamYrZ AZm¡nm{YH$ {gg¥jmHo$ hr degX§e‘|go {H«$`mepŠV àH$Q> hmoVr h¡, {MX§e‘|go ì`m‘mohZepŠV Am¡a AmZÝXm§e‘|gogd©^dZgm‘Ï`©ê$nm epŠV (Ðï>.gw~mo.2&9&1). AV… AnZr AmZÝXmpË‘H$mepŠVÛmam ^JdmZ² 1~«ô‘mÊS>Ho$ {H$gr Xoe{deof‘|, 2~«ô‘mÊS>dVu OrdHo$ öX`‘|;AWdm, ~«ô‘mÊS>go nao AnZo 3{Xì`ñdê$n‘| `m 4{Xì`bmoH$mo‘| ^r O~ AmË‘mZÝX~«ô‘mZÝX m OZmZÝX àXmZ H$aZm MmhVo h¢, V~ OrdmË‘mHo$ rVa AmZÝXm§eHo$àmH$Q²> de AmZÝXê$n JdmZ² à{V{ð>V m à{dï> hmo OmVo h¢ (Ðï>.gw~mo.2&2&31).AVEd àb`Ho$ VrZ àH$mam|Ho$ AÝVJ©V AhÝVm‘‘VmË‘H$ g§gmaH$m àb`B©emZwH$Wm AWm©V² ^pŠVÛmam ^JdËàmpßVV`m ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. Xohm{Xg§KmVH$màb` AWm©V² àn§M{dñ‘¥{Vnyd©H$ ^JdXmgpŠVê$noU ñd § ^JdmZ²Ho$ ^ŠVm|Ho$~mô`mä`ÝVa‘| {ZéÕ hmo OmZona AWm©V² gdm©Ë‘Zm àmßV hmo OmZoH$s {ZamoYbrbmHo$

ê$n‘| ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. Bgr Vah EH$mXeñH$ÝYr` ‘wpŠVbrbm ^r OrdH$s‘wŠVmdñWmê$n bjUV`m OrdbjUê$nm Z hmo H$a ‘wŠVm‘wŠV g^r OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$~«ô‘m{^‘wI à`mnUbrbmHo$ hr {Zê$nUmW© h¡. AV… Zd‘-Xe‘-EH$mXe-ñH$ÝYr` brbm gmYZbjU-’$bbjU-ê$nm h¢. BZgo b{jV hmoVr Aml`^mdê$nm`m Aml`^mdmn{Îmê$nm brbm bú`ê$nm h¡. ~mah ñH$ÝYm|‘|go àW‘ Am¡a {ÛVrÀ{YH$ma Am¡a gmYZ Ho$ {Zê$nH$ AÜ`m` h¢. Ad{eï> V¥Vr`go EH$mXe ñH$ÝYn ©ÝV bjU{Zê$nH$ ñH$ÝY h¢. Am¡a nydm}nmÎm Zm¢ brbmAm|go b{jV hmoVo ~mahd|ñH$ÝYH$m à{VnmÚ {df` brbm m ñdê$n r AÝV‘| na~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m nwéfmoÎm‘lrH¥$îUHo$ namËna ñdê$n Am¡a namËna brbmHo$ {Zê$nUmW© h¢.

`Ú{n ~mahd| ñH$ÝYH$m à{VnmÚ {df` AnZogo nyd©dVu Zm¢ bjUà{VnmXH$ñH$ÝYm|go bú`ê$n hmoZoHo$ H$maU VwbZmpË‘H$m Ñ{ï>go à‘wI à{VnmXZr` nXmW©bJVm h¡, {’$a^r gånyU© emñÌHo$ AW©ê$n na~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUH$sVwbZm‘| Vmo dh ^r n[aJ¥hrV brbmê$n Z ghr naÝVw Y‘©ê$n `m Ym‘ê$n hr h¡.AV… bjUr yV brbmAm|H$s VwbZm‘| dh ‘w»` hmoZona ^r Y{‘©ê$n `m Ym{‘ê$nna~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUHo$ ì`m{nd¡Hw$ÊR>‘| {ZË`brbmdpñWV ñdê$nH$sVwbZm‘| Jm¡U hmoVm h¡. `h Vmo lr‘X²^JdX²JrVmHo$ ^r EH$m{YH$ dMZm|Ho$AmYmana gwñnï> hr h¡ (Ðï>.^J.JrVm.12&1-8,15&6,16-18).

gånyU© lr^mJdV ‘hmnwamUê$n emñÌHo$ ~mao‘| Bg VahHo$ {ddoH$Ho$ A^md‘|{ZamoYñH$ÝY‘| à{VnmXZr` H¥$îUbrbm ^r `m Vmo bú`r yV Aml`ñH$ÝYmoŠVbrbmH$s bjUê$nm {gÕ hmo Om oJr. Am¡a V~ `m Vmo Aml`brbmH$mo Xe‘ñH$ÝY‘| Am¡a {ZamoYbrbmH$mo ~mahd| ñH$ÝY‘| ì wËH«$‘ Ûmam ñdrH$maZo ~m{YVhmoZm n‹S>oJm. AWdm lrH¥$îUbrbmH$s Jm¡UVm Xwîn[aha hmo Om oJr. AV… gånyU©emñÌHo$ à{VnmÚmW©ê$n na~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m JdmZ² lrH¥$îU‘| pŠV^mdHo$ CX²~moYZmW©Ano{jV ‘mhmËå`kmZ, Aja~«ô‘mË‘H$ Aml`Ym‘Ho$ ñdê$nkmZÛmam àmßVhmoVm h¡. Cg Aml`ñdê$n Aja~«ô‘Ho$ AkmZ-AÝ`WmkmZ-a{hV kmZ {gÕhmo OmZona, AdVmaH$mb‘| gmjmV² àH$Q>ê$noU VWm AZdVmaH$mb‘| JdÝZm‘mË‘H$lr‘X²^mJdVê$noU lrH¥$îU‘| gwÑ‹T> gd©Vmo@{YH$ ñZoh àH$Q> hmo nmVm h¡(Ðï>.gw~mo.1&1&1). AV… ^JdëbrbmW© àH$Q> hmoZodmbo Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ ZHo$db J«mô`-Ë`mÁ`H$m à oX A{nVw J«mô` Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ ~rM ^r Jm¡U-


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‘w»`^mdHo$ à oX ‘mÝ` H$aZo n‹S>Vo h¢.

BZ Xgm|Ho$ Xg ñH$ÝYm|‘| à{Vnm{XV hmoZodmbr brbmAm|‘|go Xe‘ Aml`ê$nmbrbm ~«ô‘H$s ñdê$nbjUê$nm h¡ VWm Ad{eï> Zd{dY brbm Vmo Cn{ZfXwŠVCËn{Îm-pñW{V-b`m{X {H«$`mê$nm `m H$m ©bjUê$nm hmoVr h¢.

lr^mJdV ‘hmnwamU lwË`m{Xgo A{YJV `m AZ{YJVmW© H$m kmnH$ h¡?:

2.Bgr Vah ‘h{f© ~mXamÙHo$ ~«ô‘gyÌm|Ho$ ñdmonk ^mî` hmoZoHo$ Ñ{ï>H$moUgolr^mJdV ‘hmnwamUH$mo {ZhmaZona ~«ô‘ Am¡a CgHo$ à‘mU-à‘o`-gmYZ-’$bHo$ ñdê$nm|H$s ‘r‘m§gm `hm§ ^r ImoOZr Amdí`H$ h¡. {’$a^r lr^mJdV‘hmnwamU‘| Aml`Ho$ ê$n‘| Cgr Am¡n{Zf{XH$ ~«ô‘Ho$ Am¡n{Zf{XH$ ldU-‘ZZ-{Z{XÜ`mgZê$n gmYZm|Ho$ ~Om` ñd § Cg ~«ô‘‘| brbmË‘Zm àH$Q> hmoZdmbrXe{dY brbmAm|Ho$ ldU-H$sV©Z-ñ‘aU ê$nr gmYZ Am¡a pŠV m gmbmoŠ`m{XAZoH${dY ‘wpŠV ê$nr nXmW© {Zê${nV hþdo h¢. EVmdVm Z Vmo àñVwV emñÌ lw{V-ñ‘¥{V-gyÌm|H$m Ho$db A{YJVmW©kmnH$ hmoZogo AZwdmX {gÕ hmo nmVm h¡ Am¡a Zgd©Wm ñdmonOrì` lwË`m{X à‘mUm|Ûmam gd©Wm AZ{YJVmW©H$m hr kmnH$, CZ‘|CâZodmbo gÝXohm|Ho$ dmaH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU. AVEd ~«ô‘gyÌHo$ Mma à‘mU-à‘o -gmYZ-’$bê$n AÜ`m`m|H$m àmê$n r mJdVr` Xe{dYbrbm‘| ‘hÎdnyU©CëboIZr` VÏ` h¡.

`hm§ `h AdYo h¡ {H$ Am¡n{Zf{XH$ CËn{Îm-pñW{V-à`mU-b`dmboàmê$nHo$ AZwgma XoIZona CËn{ÎmHo$ AÝVJ©V gJ©-{dgJ©brbm, Bg‘| A§eV…ñWmZbrbm ^r Am OmVr h¡, Š`m|{H$ "ñWmZ'nXH$s AmYma `m A{YH$aUì wËn{Îm (""Ohm§ Hw$N> AdpñWV hmoVm hmo dh "ñWmZ' H$hbmVm h¡'')Ho$ deCËnmÚ gmao H$m © CnmXmZê$n ñWmZ‘| CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢. AVEd ñWmZbrbm A§eV…CËn{ÎmHo$ ^r AÝVJ©V g‘m{dï> hmoVr h¡, Š`m|{H$ Omo Hw$N> CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡ dh BgAml`ê$n AmYma‘| hr CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡. `m| ñWmZbrbm A§eV CËn{ÎmñWmZrÀm¡a A§eV… pñW{VñWmZr` ^r h¡. AÝ`Wm H$aUì wËn{Îm (""{Og gmYZHo$ ÛmamHw$N> H$ht AdpñWV hmoVm hmo dh gmYZ "ñWmZ' H$hbmVm h¡'') VWm mdì wËn{Îm(""H$ht AdpñWV hmoZoH$s {H«$`m "ñWmZ' H$hbmVr h¡'') Ûmam bä` AWm]‘|

ñWmZbrbm Am¡n{Zf{XH$ pñW{VnjHo$ AÝVJ©V AmVr h¡. Bg gÝX ©‘| ‘hmà wZo ñWmZbrbmHo$ Omo Xmo {ddaU {X o h¢ CÝh| ^r OmZ

boZm Amdí`H$ h¡ : 1.g‘ï²>`mXoe-H$mb-ñdê$nHo$ n[aÀN>oXgo a{hV {dîUwH$mnwéfearañdrH$ma gJ© h¡, nwéfgo ~«ô‘m{XH$s CËn{Îm {dgJ© h¡ VWm CËnÝZhmoZodmbm|H$m VÎmX² ‘`m©XmHo$ AZwgma ñWmnZ/nmbZ ñWmZbrbm h¡. 2.ì`îQ²>`màË oH$nXmW©‘| H$maUV`m ^JdmZ²H$s pñW{V gJ© h¡, Cg H$maU nXmW©‘| CËnÝZ hmoZodmboH$m ©H$m {dÚ‘mZ ahZm pñW{V h¡, Š`m|{H$ VÝVwê$n CnmXmZñWmZ‘| CnmXo H$m ©nQ>Ho$ àH$Q> hmoZona Ad`{dê$n nQ>‘| Ad`dê$n VÝVw AnZm ñWmZ àH$Q> H$aVonmVo h¢. AV… g^r dñVwAm|‘| dñVwñdê$noU Am¡a ‘ybê$noU r JdmZ²Ho$ {dÚ‘mZhmoZoH$s ‘`m©Xm pñW{Vbrbm h¡ (Ðï>.gw~mo.2&10&1).

AVEd n§M‘ñH$ÝYgo bo H$a Xe‘ñH$ÝY n ©ÝV Cn{ZfXwŠV pñW{VnjH$mH$sV©Z h¡.

Xe‘ñH$ÝY‘| {OZ OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ ~rM na~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îUñd`§Ho$ àmnH$ gmYZV`m ñd`‘od {ZéÕ hþdo, CÝh| àn§M{dñ‘¥{Vnyd©H$^JdXmgpŠVê$nm ^JdËàmpßV hþ`r h¡. Bgr Vah {OZ OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ ~rM^JdmZ² ñdgå~ÝYr ‘mojgmYZV`m {ZéÕ hþdo CZ OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ àmn§{MH$g§KmV Xya H$a AWdm g§KmV‘| {ZJy‹T> ~«ô‘mË‘H$VmH$mo àH$Q> H$a ‘wŠË`ml`ê$n^JdmZ² CÝh| àmßV hþdo. m| OrdÝ‘wpŠVê$n hmoZogo Xe‘ ñH$ÝY A§eV… ñWmZbrbmHo$Ma‘moËH$f©Ho$ dU©ZV`m Am¡a A§eV… `m Jm¡Uê$noU {dXoh‘wpŠVHo$ dU©ZV`m ^ràd¥Îm ‘mZm J`m h¡.

{OZ OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ ~rM, naÝVw, ^JdmZ² gmYZV`m {ZéÕ Zht hmoVo, CZOrdm|H$s {ZamoYê$nm brbmHo$ àH$aU‘| Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ OJV²‘| ‘¥Ë w d{U©VhmoZona ^r Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©l`ê$n ^JdmZ²‘| b` Ed§ nwZ… Aml`^mdmn{Îm Vmog¥{ï>àb`Ho$ g‘` hr ñdrH$mar J`r h¡. Omo EH$mXe Am¡a ÛmXe ñH$ÝYr`brbmAm|Ho$ ê$n‘| dU©Zr` h¢.


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Š`m ñWmZbrbm "emIméÝYVr'Ý`mòZ Ho$db ^JdX²Ü`mZmW© hr^mJdV‘| `mo{OV H$s J`r h¡? :

3.lr^mJdVà{Vnm{XV ñWmZbrbm Ho$db JdX²Ü`mZmW© h¡? m JdËñdê$nna‘mW©V… ñWmZê$n ^r h¡?

BZ àíZm|Ho$ g‘mYmZV`m A~ `h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ : ñWmZbrbmOrdmË‘mHo$ ^rVa ^JdmZ²Ho$ ^ŠË`mË‘H$ Ü`mZm¡n{`H$ ‘mhmËå`kmZHo$ dmñVo ^rh¡ Am¡a gmar {H$ gmar ^JdëbrbmHo$ AmYma yV na‘ Aml`H$m Omo ñdê$n h¡CgHo$ AZwê$n VWm Cg‘| àH$Q> hmoZodmbo AZoH${dY AdmÝVa brbmñWmZm|Ho$A{^àoV ñdê$nH$m r AnZo-Amn‘| Hw$N> d¡{eï²>` r h¡ hr. AWm©V² y w©d…ñdbm}H$VWm nmVmbm{XbmoH$ Am¡a CZ‘| {Zdmg H$aZodmbo OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ ^r ^rVa H$‘©-kmZ-^pŠVê$n Cnm`m|go AZoH${dY O¡{dH$ ^JdËñWmZm|Ho$ Am{dîH$aUmW© ^rh¡.

`h "pñW{V'nXHo$ ~mao‘| A{YH$aUmW©H$, H$aUmW©H$; VWm, ^mdmW©H$ `m|{Ì{dY ì wËn{Îm`m|Ho$ AmYmana H$hr Om gH$Vr ~mV h¡.

(gpÀMXmZÝX Am¡a gË`kmZmZÝV ~«ô‘go àH$Q> hmoZodmbm {ÌgJ©) "gpÀMXmZÝX' nX "gV²' "{MV²' Am¡a "AmZÝX' nXm|Ho$ ÛÝÛg‘mggo K{Q>V

g‘mhmaH$m dmMH$ h¡.

^JdX²JrVmHo$ AZwgma "gV²' nX nm§M AWm]‘| à wŠV hmoVm h¡ 1gX² md2gmY w^md 3àeñV H$‘ © 4`kVnm oXmZnaVm 5na‘ oídamW © H$‘m ©Z wð > mZ(Ðï>.^J.JrVm.17&26-27). BZ‘|go àW‘ AW©Ho$ A{^àm`de hr "gpÀMXmZÝX'nX‘| `mo{OV hþdm h¡. Bg gX² mdH$s ì`m»`m ^r ^JdX²JrVm‘| ""AgV² nXmW©H$ht hmoVm Zht h¡ Am¡a gV² nXmW©H$m H$ht-H$^r A^md Zht hmoVm h¡'' H$hH$a Xagm`r J`r h¡ (Ðï>.^J.JrVm.2&16). Bg Ñ{ï>go XoIZo OmZona "AZÝV'nXH$m Omo Hw$N> {dd{jVmW© hmo dh "gV²' nXmW©Ho$ AÝV{Z©{dï> h¡ hr. "gË`'nXH$m AW©, O~{H$, """gV²'+"Ë`V²'="gË`''' nydm}XmöV ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²Ho$

""Ûo dmd ~«ô‘Umo ê$no... gÀM Ë`ÄM'' (~¥h.Cn.2&3&1) dMZHo$ AmYmanaàH$Q> Ed§ AàH$Q> AWdm ì`ŠV Am¡a Aì`ŠV XmoZm|H$m dmMH$ ‘mZm J`m h¡.Bgr Vah "{MV²' nX {Z{d©f`H$ `m g{df`H$ C^`{dY M¡VÝ`H$m dmMH$ hmogH$Vm h¡; O~{H$, "kmZ' nX {Z{d©f`H$ M¡VÝ`H$m dmMH$ Zht hmo gH$Vm. BgrVah "AmZÝX' nX BpÝÐÒÝ` gwIXw…IHo$ ÛÝÛgo AVrV {Zénm{YH$ hf©H$mdmMH$ hmoVm h¡. dh ghO Ed§ {ZË` Eoíd © dr © è lr kmZ Am¡a d¡am½` wŠVY{‘©ê$n ^JdmZ²‘| ahVm h¡ (Ðï>.~«.gy.^m.3&2&5^mJ.nwam.2&9&16). AÝV‘|"AZÝV' nX Vmo Xoe-H$mb-dñVwHo$ n[aÀN>oXgo d{O©V hmoZm h¡.

AV… H$aUì wËn{Îm Am¡a ^mdì wËn{Îm Ho$ Û¡{dÜ`de Omo "pñW{V' nXHo$AÝ` Xm o AW© hm oV o h ¢, CZHo$ ~ma o‘ | ""pñW{V… d¡Hw$ÊR>{dO`…''(^mJ.nwam.2&10&4) Eogm lr^mJdV ‘hmnwamU‘| H$hm J`m h¡. VXZwgma Bg"d¡Hw$ÊR>{dO`' nX‘| "d¡Hw$ÊR>' nX bú‘rÛmam A{YH¥$V H¥${Ì‘ d¡Hw$ÊR>H$m dmMH$Zht àË`wV ì`m{nd¡Hw$ÊR>H$m dmMH$ h¡. `h d¡Hw$ÊR> H¥${Ì‘ d¡Hw$ÊR>go naAja~«ô‘ñdê$n ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. AWm©V² `h nwéfmoÎm‘ ^JdmZ²H$s Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$ngo An[apÀN>ÝZVm h¡. BgrH$m V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²‘| ""gË § kmZ‘² AZÝV§~«ô‘'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1) dMZÛmam {Zê$nU {H$`m J`m h¡. AVEd V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²‘|Bgo ""Eogo ~«ô‘H$mo AnZr na‘ì`mo‘ê$nm öX`JwhmHo$ ^rVa Omo {~amO‘mZOmZ nmVm h¡ CgH$s gmar H$m‘Zm | ~«ô‘Ho$ gmW n[anyU© hmo OmVr h¢''(dht) H$h H$a, H¡$go Eogo ~«ô‘‘|go AmH$me dm w Ap½Z Ob n¥{Wdr Amof{Y AÝZAÝZ‘`-nwéf àmU‘`-nwéf ‘Zmo‘`-nwéf {dkmZ‘`-nwéf Am¡a BZ g^rHo$^rVa gdm©ÝVaV‘ ê$n‘| AÝV‘| AmZÝX‘`-nwéfH$m dU©Z {H$`m J`m h¡. `m|gpÀMXmZÝXê$n nwéfmoÎm‘H$m gdm©ÝVpññWV Ym‘r `m Y‘u hmoZm gy{MV {H$`mJ`m h¡. gË`kmZmZÝVê$n Aja~«ô‘ O¡go gpÀMXmZÝXê$n nwéfmoÎm‘H$m Y‘© `mYm‘ h¡, d¡go hr OJXwnmXmZê$n ^r dhr ~ZVm h¡ (Ðï>.{gÕm.‘wŠVm.3).

Bg Aja~«ô‘H$m hr ~mahd| ñH$ÝY‘| àb`H$s à{H«$`mHo$ {Zê$nUHo$ àg§J‘|gdm©l`V`m à{VnmXZ {H$`m J`m h¡. dhm§ H¡$go nm§M^m¡{VH$ nXmW© g¥pîQ>H«$‘H$sVwbZm‘| ì wËH«$‘go AnZr VÝ‘mÌmAm|‘|, VÝ‘mÌm BpÝÐ`m|‘|, do g^r Ah§H$ma‘|,Ah§H$ma àH¥${VH$s JwUÌ`r‘|, dh JwUÌ`r Aì`mH¥$V‘| brZ hmo OmVo h¢, `h


264 265

{XIbm`m J`m h¡. g^r VÎdm|Ho$ ñdñdH$maUmdñWmAm|‘| brZ hmo OmZona, OmoAZm{X Aì`ŠV {ZË` H$maU Aì``ê$n hmoVm h¡, Ohm§ Z dmUr, Z ‘Z, Z àmU,Z ‘hXm{X, Z gÎdaOñV‘moJwU... Z Am{Y^m¡{VH$ Z AmÜ`mpË‘H$ Am¡a ZAm{YX¡{dH$, Hw$N> ^r ~M Zht OmVm, Cgo g§gwßVdV² eyÝ`dX² AàVŠ © ‘yb yVnXHo$ ê$n‘| {~aXm`m J`m h¡ (Ðï>.^mJ.nwam.12&4&14-21). h gd©H$maUH$maU yVgdm©l`ê$n Aja~«ô‘ hr "ì`m{nd¡Hw$ÊR>' h¡ Ohm§ gpÀMXmZÝX nwéfmoÎm‘ {~amO‘mZh¢. Bgna {dO` àmßV H$aZo H$m A{^àm` BgHo$ AdmL²>‘ZmoJmoMa AàVŠ ©EH$‘odm{ÛVr` ê$n‘| {ZObrbmH$mo àH$Q> H$aZoH$s H$m‘ZmHo$ de dmL²>‘ZmoJmoMaàVŠ © AZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m}H$m àH$Q> hmo OmZm h¡

(Am{Y^m¡{VH$ gX§e, AmÜ`mpË‘H$ {MX§e Am¡a Am{YX¡{dH$ AmZÝXm§eê$nm {Ì{dYm g¥{ï>)

AVEd Eogo ‘yb yV Aml`VÎd‘| AdmÝVa ñWmZbrbm àH$Q> hþ r h¡. Cg‘|CŠV gpÀMXmZÝX nwéfmoÎm‘Ho$ brbmg§H$ënde gd©àW‘ AmZÝXm§ego Am{YX¡{dH$~«ô‘mÊS>‘y{V© A{YX¡d àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. CgHo$ ~mX {MX§ego AÜ`mË‘ VWm gX§egoA{Y yV àH$Q> hmoVm ‘mZm J`m h¡ (Ðï>.gw~mo.2&10&14). BZ A{Y yV AÜ`mË‘Am¡a A{YX¡d Ho$ ñdê$nm|H$s {ddoMZm ^r `hm§ H$s J`r h¡ : Ðì` A{Y yV, H$‘©AÑï>m{X AÜ`mË‘, gd©{Z`m‘H$ ^JdÀMoï>mê$n H$mb Am{YX¡{dH$ hmoVm h¡.ñd^md {Z`VH$maUm|Ho$ ñdê$ngo {Z`VH$m ©ñdê$nm|Ho$ n[aUm‘H$m hoVw hmoVm h¡.{MX§e yV OrdmË‘m AnZo H$‘© kmZ Am¡a ^md Ho$ AZwê$n kmVm H$Vm© VWm^moŠVm Ho$ ê$n‘| àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. AV… Ðì` H$‘© H$mb ñd^md Am¡a Ord g^rHw$N> brbm{gg¥jw ^JdmZ² dmgwXodHo$ g¥ï²> wn`moJr ê$n h¢ (Ðï>.gw~mo.2&10&12).

AV… àñVwV {ddoMZmH$m gmaJ«hU H$aZm hmo Vmo ‘hmà wH$m `h dMZAVrd ‘ZZr` h¡ {H$ lr^mJdV ‘hmnwamUHo$ H$WmW©go A{V[aŠV AWm©V² H$Wm‘|{ZJy‹T> gmV AW© hmoVo h¢ : emñÌmW© ñH$ÝYmW© àH$aUmW© AÜ`m`mW© dmŠ`mW©nXmW© Am¡a AjamW©. BZ‘| àVrV hmoVo nañna {damoYm^mgHo$ n[ahma hmoZona hrdmñV{dH$ A{^àm` Bg ‘hmnwamUH$m g‘P‘| Am gH$Vm h¡. brbm{d{eï>na‘mZÝXê$n lrH¥$îU g‘J« emñÌHo$ à‘wI à{VnmÚ-{df` h¢. Bgr Vah àñVwVemñÌH$m à`moOZ X¡dr OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ ^rVa lrH¥$îU^pŠVH$m àmXw m©d h¡. AV…gJ© {dg©J ñWmZ nmofU D${V ‘ÝdÝVa B©emZwH$Wm {ZamoY ‘wpŠV Am¡a Aml` ê$nr

g^r ñH$ÝYm|Ho$ AW© ^JdëbrbmHo$ ê$n‘| AdJV hmo nmVo hm| Vmo ^pŠV àH$Q>hmo gH$Vr h¡. BÝh| Ho$db ^JdËH$m © `m ^JdËH¥${V ‘mZZona dh gwb^ Zht.H$m¡VwH$V`m AWm©V² {H$gr ^r VahHo$ Am`mg {~Zm {H$`m OmVm H$‘© brbmê$nhmoVm h¡. ‘w»`brbm Xg àH$maH$s gJ©-{dgJm©{Xê$nm hmoVr h¢. Omo VrgaoñH$ÝYgo Amaå^ H$a ~mahd| ñH$ÝY VH$ {Zê${nV hþ r h¢. BZ Xe{dY brbmAm|Ho$lmoVm-dŠVmAm|Ho$ CÎm‘-‘Ü`‘-Am{X‘ àH$ma àW‘ ñH$ÝY‘| d{U©V hþdo h¢.O~{H$ {ÛVr` ñH$ÝY‘| Cg ^JdËH$WmHo$ ldU-H$sV©ZHo$ A§Jm| `m gmYZm| H$m{Zê$nU h¡. AV… Xg brbmAm|H$s VwbZm‘| àW‘-{ÛVr` ñH$ÝYm|‘| d{U©V brbmJm¡U h¢. Ad{eï> Xg ñH$ÝYm|‘| ^r ~mahd| ñH$ÝYH$s VwbZm‘| Vrgao ñH$ÝYgoboH$a ½`mahd| ñH$ÝYH$s brbmH$Wm Jm¡U h¢, bjUê$nm hmoZoHo$ H$maU. ~mahHo$~mah ñH$ÝYm|‘| d{U©V brbm ^r nwZ… g‘J« emñÌHo$ à{VnmÚ lrH¥$îUH$sbrbmH$s VwbZm‘| Jm¡U hr h¡.

(""Omo AmÜ`mpË‘H$ nwéf h¡ dhr Vmo Am{YX¡{dH$ nwéf ^r h¡ {H$ÝVw BZXmoHo$ ~rM {dÀN>oX àH$Q> H$aZodmbm nXmW© Am{Y^m¡{VH$ nwéf hmoVmh¡''(^mJ.nwam.2&10&8) dMZH$m Am¡n{Zf{XH$ gÝX ©)

"gV²' `m "gË`', "{MV²' `m "kmZ' Am¡a "AmZÝX' `m "AmZÝË`' H$s OmoXmo VahH$s àË``Ì`r h¢, CZ XmoZm|‘| Hw$N> CëboIZr` g‘mZVm ^r h¡ Am¡aAg‘mZVm ^r. {MV² `m kmZ (CXm.AmË‘MoVZm {H$gr ^r ^r àmUr‘|) AgV²`m AgË` hmo Zht gH$Vo. gV² `m gË`, naÝVw (CXm.nm§M^m¡{VH$ nXmW©) A{MV²`m kmZa{hV nXmW© hmo gH$Vo h¢. AV… "{MV²' `m "kmZ' H$hZo-gmoMZo ‘mÌgoCZH$s gÎmm `m gË`Vm Vmo AZwŠV{gÕ hr hmoVr h¡. Bgr Vah AmZÝX(CXm.{df`mZÝXdmZ² ~«ô‘mZÝXdmZ² `m ÔZmZÝXdmZ²) H$^r A{MV² hmo ZhtgH$Vm "AmZÝX' H$hZo-gmoMZo ‘mÌgo CgH$m gMoVZ m kmZê$n hmoZm AZwŠV{gÕhmo OmVm h¡. Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nV… An[apÀN>ÝZ hmoZm AWm©V² "AZÝV' H$hZo-gmoMZo ‘mÌgo Omo ^r Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nV… n[aÀN>ÝZ nXmW© hm| do AZÝVnXmW©Ho$ hr ì`{ï>ê$n Z hm| Vmo AZÝV AZÝV hr Zht ah Om oJm. Eogr pñW{V‘|`Wm{ZX}e 1gV²/gË` 2{MV²/kmZ Am¡a 3AmZÝX/AmZÝË` ê$nr nXmWm}‘| àmË`{`H$H«$‘~ÕVm `m CÎmamoÎma AÝV^m©d Úmo{VV hmo ahm h¡. h‘Zo `h ^r XoIm {H$ H¡$go‘hmà w gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘Ho$ gX§ego A{Y yV {MX§ego AÜ`mË‘ Am¡a AmZÝXm§ego


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A{YXod H$m àmH$Q²>` ñdrH$maVo h¢. Eogr pñW{V‘| Cn`w©Õ¥V ^mJdVdMZ‘|AmÜ`mpË‘H$-Am{YX¡{dH$ nwéfm|H$mo nañna A{^ÝZ {XIbm H$a CZ XmoZm|Ho$ ~rMAm{Y^m¡{VH$H$mo {dÀN>oXH$Vm© ‘mZZm H$hm§ VH$ àm‘m{UH$ `m wpŠV wŠV hmogH$Vm h¡? BgH$m g‘mYmZ ImoOZoH$mo nwZ… Cn{ZfX²Ho$ A{^àm`H$m {d‘e© hrAmdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡.

gd©àW‘ Vmo ~«ô‘H$s Xoe-H$mb-dñVw-H¥$V n[aÀN>oXgo a{hV MoVZmH$sA§e yVm hr OrdMoVZm hmoVr h¡ Am¡a dh ê$nmÝVa `m H$‘m©ÝVa YmaU Z H$aZona^r Zm‘mÝVadmbr Vmo H$hr Om gH$Vr h¡. AV… O~ VH$ OrdMoVZm gX§emË‘H$àmH¥$V gyú‘ `m ñWyb Xoh Ho$ ^rVa {Ka Zht OmVr V~ VH$ V~ VH$ A§{e yVMoVZmgo CgH$m {dÀN>oX {gÕ Zht hmo nmVm. CXmhaUV`m gmJaH$s ObamergoCgH$s A§e yVm Obamer gmJaHo$ ^rVa hr {H$gr nmÌ{deof‘| AÝV{Z©{dï> Z hmoOm o V~ VH$ {dpÀN>ÝZ Zht hmo nmVr. AVEd N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX²‘| ""BZ àmUYmar

yVm|Ho$ VrZ ~rO hmoVo h¢ AÊS>O Oam wO Am¡a CX²{^ÁO. Cg XodVmZo `h{dMma {H$`m ‘¢ ñd § {Ì{dY ~Zw§ Bg{b o CgZo Bg OrdHo$ ê$n‘| ñd §à{dï> hmo H$a Zm‘-ê$nH$m ì`mH$aU {H$`m'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&3&1-2). BgZm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ ì`mH$aUH$s à{H«$`mÛmam A§ergo {dpÀN>ÝZ hmoZoH$s à{H«$`mH$m{Zê$nU ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²‘| ~hþV amoMH$ ar{Vgo Üd{ZV {H$`m J`m h¡.

dhm§ `h g‘Pm`m J`m h¡ {H$ H¡$go H${MX§eHo$ epŠVê$n Zm‘ dmUr ‘Z…g§H$ën {MÎm Ü`mZ Am¡a {dkmZ CÎmamoÎma EH$-XyOogo y mZ² hmoVo h¢. BZ‘| ^r nwZ…ApÝV‘ Omo {dkmZ h¡ Cggo ^r y mZ² gX§eHo$ epŠVê$n #B#I#A~b Ob VoOAmH$me ñ‘a Amem Am¡a àmU hmoVo h¢. o ñd § ^r CÎmamoÎma EH$-XyOogo y mZ²hmoVo h¢. AÝV‘| àmUgo ^r y mZ² AmZÝXm§eHo$ epŠVê$n JgË` {dkmZ lÕm {Zð>mH¥${V gwI CÎmamoÎma EH$-XyOogo y mZ² hmoVo h¢. AÝV‘| y‘mH$mo gdm©{YH$ y mZ²{XIbm`m J`m h¡ (Ðï>.N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&1-23).

AV… {MX§e yV OrdmË‘mH$s AmÜ`mpË‘H$ gyú‘epŠV`m§, Omo dmUr ‘Zg§H$ën {MÎm Ü`mZ Am¡a {dkmZ ê$nm hmoVr h¢, CZgo OrdmË‘mHo$ Am{Y^m¡{VH$àmH¥$V ñWybeara‘| ahr epŠV`m§ ~b ñ‘a Amem Am¡a àmU Am{X epŠV`m§ VWm

ñd § ^m¡{VH$ n¥Ïdr Ob VoO dm w AmH$me Am{X nXmW© hr ~bdÎma hmoZogoA{YH$ à^mdembr hmoVr h¢. o hr epŠV`m§ VWm nXmW© {MX§e Am¡a AmZÝXm§eH$s epŠV`m|Ho$ ~rM nañna A{YH$ gj‘V`m H$m ©H$mar hmoZoHo$ H$maU AÜ`mË‘Am¡a A{YXod Ho$ ~rM nañna ì`dYm{`H$m ~Z OmVr h¢. AVEd V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²‘|^r Aja~«ô‘go Am{Y^m¡{VH$ nXmWm]H$s g¥{ï> VWm AÝZ‘` àmU‘` ‘Zmo‘`VWm {dkmZ‘` H$moem|Ho$ r rVa AmZÝX‘` AmË‘mH$m à{VnmXZ‘| dh AmZÝX‘`na‘mË‘m {dkmZ‘` OrdmË‘mHo$ Ho$db ^rVa hr hmo Vmo {dÀN>oX K{Q>V hmo Zhtnm oJm EVXW© ""H$mo ô od AÝ`mV² H$… àmÊ`mX² `X² Ef… AmH$meo AmZÝXmo Zñ`mV²'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7) Cgo ~mha ^r {XIbm`m h¡. Cg ~mha {dÚ‘mZAmZÝX‘` na‘mË‘m Am¡a OrdmË‘mHo$ ~rM AÝZ‘` àmU‘` ‘Zmo‘` Am{XH$moem|Ho$ {dÚ‘mZ ahZoHo$ H$maU, Omo {dÀN>oX hþdm, Cgo g~go nhbo ñd § AnZo^rVa ^r {dÚ‘mZ g‘Pm Om gH$Vm hmo V^r ~mha ^r nhMmZm Om nm oJm, `h{XIbm`m J`m h¡.

N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX²‘| d{U©V gdm©ÝV…pñWV y‘mnwéfH$mo {ZOmZÝXê$n ñd‘{h‘m‘|à{V{ð>V {XIbmZoH$m r ‘yb VmËn © hr àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ gmJamon‘ na‘mË‘mgoKQ>mon‘ {dÀN>oXH$ {MÎm-Ah§H$ma-~w{Õ-‘Z àmU H$‘©kmZopÝÐ` earam{X ê$nrAmË‘oVa H$aUmo Am¡a {df`m| ‘| gwImWu ~Z H$a OrdmË‘m AZmË‘ê$n Jmo AídhñVr {haÊ` XmgXmgr ^m`m© y{‘ ^dZ ê$nr {df`m|go {‘bVo {d{dY gwIm|H$s‘{h‘m‘| a‘U H$aZo bJVm h¡. na‘gwIê$n y‘m nwéf, O~{H$ ñd § BZ {df`-{df`r ê$nm|‘| àH$Q> hþdm hmoZona ^r àË oH$ {df` Am¡a àË oH$ {df`r Ho$~mô`mä`ÝVa ^r {dÚ‘mZ hmoZoHo$ H$maU AnZo AIÊS> ~moYHo$ AZwê$n BÝh|AZmË‘V`m XoI Zht nmVm AV… AmË‘¡H$ËdHo$ AIÊS> AZwgÝYmZde {ZOmZÝX‘|hr {ZaV AmË‘aV AmË‘H«$sS> AmË‘mZÝX ñdamQ²> ahVm h¡. dh namYrZ Zht ~ZnmVm (Ðï>.N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&25&1-2). AV… OrdmË‘mAm|H$m ê$n YmaU H$aZodmbmna‘mË‘m AnZo ‘m¡{bH$ A§{eê$n‘| Zht naÝVw AnZo A§eê$nm|‘| hr Jmo Aíd hñVr{haÊ` XmgXmgr ^m`m© y{‘ ^dZ ê$nr {df`m|dmbo ñWmZm|‘| AdpñWV hmo OmVmh¡. ‘yb A§er Vmo gd©Wm-gd©Xm ñdml`ml` ahVm h¡ (Ðï>.^mJ.nwam.2&10&9).

Bg A{YXodê$n na‘oídaH$s ñdml`ml`Vm ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²‘| r ñ’w$Q>V`mà{Vnm{XV H$s J`r h¡.


268 269

dhm§ dmMŠZdr JmJuZo `mkdëŠ`go nyN>m {H$ g~ Hw$N> `{X Ob‘| AmoVàmoVhmo Vmo dh Ob VÎd H$hm§ AmoVàmV h¡? Ob dm w‘|, dm w AÝV[aj‘|, Bg Vahgdm©ÝV‘| ~«ô‘bmoH$ AmZona O~ dh H$hm§ à{V{ð>V h¡ `h nyN>m J`m V~ ‘h{f©`mkdëŠ`Zo ~«ô‘bmoH$H$mo àíZmVrV XodVm H$h H$a AàíZmh© Kmo{fV {H$`m.AWm©V² dh AnZogo {^ÝZ {H$gr Aml`‘| pñWV Zht hmoVm (Ðï>.~¥h.Cn.3&6&1).

Bg Vah lr^mJdV ‘hmn wamUHo $ Cg ñdml`ml`H$m {Zê$nU~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²‘| ^r CnbãY hmoVm h¡.

nwZíM dmMŠZdr JmJuHo$ EH$ ~ma Am¡a {Okmgm H$aZona {H$ ""Omo ÚwbmoH$goD$na r hmo Am¡a n¥ÏdrbmoH$go ZrMo r hmo, gmW hr gmW ÚwbmoH$ Am¡a n¥ÏdrbmoH$Ho$ ^rVa ^r hmo; Am¡a Omo yV dV©‘mZ Am¡a ^{dî`V² VrZm| H$mb‘| n[apÀN>ÝZ^r Z hmoVm hmo, dh H$hm§ AmoVàmoV ahVm hmoJm? Bg àíZH$m CÎma ‘h{f©`mkdëŠ`Zo "AmH$me' H$h H$a {X`m. nwZíM dh AmH$me H$hm§ AmoVàmoV h¡?Eogo àíZH$m CÎma "Aja(~«ô‘)‘|' H$h H$a {X`m (Ðï>.~¥h.Cn.3&8&3).

Bg AjaHo$ ñdê$nHo$ {Zê$nU H$aVo g‘` ‘h{f© `mkdëŠ` Bg AjaH$moÐì`m|Ho$ n[a‘mUm|go a{hV AñWyb AZUw Aõñd AXrK© {XIbmVo h¢. Bgr Vahn§M‘hm yVm|Ho$ JwUm|go ^r a{hV {XIbmZoH$mo Abmo{hV AñZoh AÀN>m` AV‘g²Adm w AZmH$me H$hVo h¢. Ðì`Ho$ {ZfoY H$a XoZoHo$ H$maU Ðì`m|Ho$ ì`pŠVe…Zht na CZHo$ g§KmV `m JwU ê$n ^r Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU Ag§J Aag AJÝYAMjwîH$ AlmoÌ AdmJ² A‘Z AVoOñH$ AàmU A‘wI A‘mÌ AZÝVa A~mô`^r hmoVm h¡. Z dh {H$grH$mo AnZm AÝZ ~ZmVm h¡ Am¡a Z H$moB© Cgo AnZm AÝZ~Zm gH$Vm h¡. Eogm {dYmZ H$aVo h¢.

AVEd ‘hmà^w H$hVo h¢ ""lrH¥$îU na~«ô‘ h¡, ~¥hX² Aja~«ô‘gpÀMXmZÝXH$=gË`kmZmZÝVê$n hmoVm h¡. Cg Aja~«ô‘Ho$ nwZ… Xmo ê$nhmoVo h¢ : EH$ ê$n‘| dh AZÝV Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ OJX² ~Z OmVm h¡ Am¡a

Xygao ê$n‘| BZ g~go A{V{dbjU ^r ahVm h¡'' ({gÕm.‘wŠVm.3).

Aja~«ô‘Ho$ Û¡{dÜ`H$mo ^br^m§{V g‘PZm hmo Vmo Cn w©Õ¥V ""Z H$moB© CgoAnZm AÝZ ~Zm gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Z dh ñd § {H$grH$m AÝZ ~Z gH$Vm h¡''dMZHo$ gd©Wm {dnarV AÝ` Xmo lw{VdMZm|H$mo {ZaI boZm ^r Cn wŠV hmoJm :

""Mmho Hw$N> yVH$mbrZ hmo ^{dî`ËH$mbrZ hmo g~ Hw$N> `hnwéf hr hmoVm h¡. dh Eogo A‘¥VËdH$m ñdm‘r h¡ {H$ Omo Im o OmZona^r {Vamo{hV Zht hmo nmVm. BVZm gmam {díd CgH$s ‘{h‘m h¡ dhñd § Vmo Bggo H$ht A{YH$ h¡, Š`m|{H$ CgHo$ EH$ MaU‘| `h gmam{díd g‘m`m hþdm ahVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ VrZ MaU Vmo ÚwbmoH$‘| ahVoh¢... CgHo$ EH$ MaU‘| dh g~ Hw$N> ~Zm h¡ Omo gmeZ=AÝZ^jrhmoVm h¡ Am¡a AZeZ=AÝZm^jr hmoVm h¡.''

(F$Šg§{h.10&90&2-4). ""‘¢ hr AÝZ hþ§ Am¡a ‘¢ hr AÝZmX ^r... ‘oam ^jU H$aZodmbo

AÝZH$m ‘¢ ^jH$ hþ§. `m| ‘¢ hr gmam wdZ ~Z J`m hþ§. Bg gwÝXadU©H$s Á`mo{VH$mo OmZ nmZodmbm hr g‘P nmVm h¡''.

(V¡{Îm.Cn.3&10&6).""‘¥Ë wHo$ CngoH$ Ûmam ~«ô‘ Am¡a jÌ XmoZm| hr CgHo$^ú` ~ZVo

h¢, Cgo H$m¡Z OmZ gH$Vm h¡''(H$R>mon.1&2&25).

Bggo {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ lr^mJdV ‘hmnwamUHo$ ~mahd| ñH$ÝYH$s Aml`brbm‘|Aja~«ô‘H$m ñdê$n g§gwßVdV² eyÝ`dX² AàVŠ © gd©{dbjU ñdê$n g‘Pm`mJ`m h¡. naÝVw àñVwV nm§Md| ñH$ÝY‘| à{VnmXZr` ñWmZbrbm‘| Cgr Aja~«ô‘H$sgd©H$m ©H$maUê$nVm gdm©YmamYo ê$nVm gdm©ÝV`m©{‘earaê$nVm gd© jH$^ú`ê$nVmgd©bèofê$nVm à{VnmXZr` ‘mZr J`r h¡.

Cg eyÝ`mon‘ ñdml`ml` Aja~«ô‘H$mo H$moB© eyÝ` hr Z ‘mZ bo EVXW© `hg~ à{Vnm{XV {H$`m J`m h¡. AVEd Bg AjaHo$ {Z`ÝÌU‘| gy ©MÝÐbmoH$


270 271

ÚwbmoH$-n¥ÏdrbmoH$ AmY¥V h¢, {Z‘of ‘whþV© AhmoamÌ nj ‘mg F$Vw g§dËga ê$nrH$mb Bgna AmY¥V h¢. Bg AjaHo$ {Z §ÌU‘| ~a’$sbo nd©Vm|go ZrMo ~h H$aAmZodmbr Z{X`m§ Hw$N> npíM‘ Vm Hw$N> AÝ`mÝ` {XemAm|‘| ~hVr h¢. Bg Aja‘|gm wÁ`m{X ’$bH$s H$m‘ZmAm|Ho$ de XwîH$a XmZ-à{VJ«hm{X Y‘m]H$m AZwð>mZgånÝZ hmo nmVm h¡ (Ðï>.~¥h.Cn.3&8&8-9).

AVEd g¥{ï>brbmHo$ à`moOZde Omo ñWmZ àH$Q> hþdm dh Aml`ñdê$nbrbm‘| AdpñWV hmoVm h¡. {’$a^r Eogm Zht {H$ dh Ho$db Aml`ñdê$nHo$^rVa hr àH$Q> hmoVm hmo. Š`m|{H$ brbmW© g¥ï> ñWmZ‘| ñdml`ml` ~«ô‘ O¡goCnmXmZV`m ê$nmYmaV`m A{^ì`mnH$V`m Am¡a AÝV`m©{‘V`m ^r AdpñWVahVm h¡, Cgr Vah Aja~«ô‘H$m Y{‘©-Ym{‘-ê$n na~«ô‘ r, ñd §go {dpÀN>ÝZOrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ ~rM, brbmdVmaV`m r àH$Q> hmo gH$Vm h¡. AV… Cg mJdVmoŠVñdml`ml`ê$n ~«ô‘Ho$ gdm©Ymaê$n hmoZoH$m nj ‘r‘m§ñ` ~ZVm h¡.

(AmYmaê$nVmH$s ‘r‘m§gm) g§ñH¥$V^mfmHo$ ì`mH$aU emñÌHo$ AZwgma ‘ybV… {H$gr nXmW©Ho$ AmYma

hmoZoH$s n[aH$ënZmHo$ Xmo {ZH$f ñdrH$mao J o h¢ : 1{H$gr ^r {H«$`mH$mo gånÝZH$aZodmbo H$Vm©H$m Omo AmYma hmo dh Cg {H«$`mH$m ^r AmYma ~Z OmVm h¡.AWdm 2{H«$`mÛmam A^rpßgV dñVwê$n H$‘©H$m Omo AmYma hmoVm h¡ dh Cg H$‘©Ho$~mao‘| H$s OmVr {H«$`mH$m ^r AmYma ~ZVm hr h¡ (Ðï>.{gÕm.H$m¡‘w.gyÌ""AmYmamo@{YH$aU§''1&4&45). Eogo AmYmaH$mo ì`mH$aUemñÌ‘| A{YH$aU-H$maH$ ‘mZm J`m h¡.

AWm©V² H$moB© {H«$`m ñdê$nbm^ H$a nmVr h¡ Vmo dh {d{^ÝZ H$maH$m| Ûmamhr H$a nmVr hmoZogo, H$Vm© `m H$‘© Ho$ O¡go AmYmaHo$ {~Zm {H«$`m ñdê$nbm^ hrZ H$a nmVr hmo, Eogo AmYmaH$mo "A{YH$aU' H$hm OmVm h¡.

AV… gJ©-{dgJ©-ñWmZm{X brbmHo$ H$Vm© na~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m JdmZ² lrH¥$îU{H$g A{YH$aU‘| gJm©{X brbm H$aVo h¢? Bg àíZHo$ g‘mYmZ nmZoHo$ hoVw àd¥ÎmhmoZona H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ñdYm‘ê$nm Xoe-H$mb-dñVw-Ñï>çm ñd §H$sY‘©ê$nm An[apÀN>ÝZVm‘| AWm©V² Aja~«ô‘‘|. O¡go Ob{Z{Y gmJaHo$ ^rVaObH$s AÝVYm©am àH$Q> hmoVr h¡; AWdm, dmVmdaU‘| O¡go dmË`m àH$Q> hmo OmVr

h¡. Bgr Vah gJ©-{dgJ©-ñWmZ Am{X brbmê$n {H«$`mHo$ H$‘©V`m, {OZ Zm‘-ê$nm{XH$mo ^JdmZ² AnZo ^rVa àH$Q> H$aVo h¢, CZH$s CËnÎ`m{X {H«$`mHo$ AmYma^r Cgr gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘Ho$ Ym‘/Y‘©ê$n Aja~«ô‘Ho$ gË`-kmZ-AmZÝË`(XoeH$mbdñËdn[apÀN>ÝZVm) ê$nr gX§e {MX§e Am¡a AmZÝXm§e ~ZVoh¢.

{gÕmÝVH$m¡‘wXrH$ma Bg A{YH$aUH$maH$ AmYmaHo$ VrZ à oX g‘PmVo h¢ :Am¡níbo{fH$ (CXm.""H$Q>o AmñVo''), d¡f{`H$ (CXm.""‘mojo BÀN>m ApñV'') Am¡aA{^ì`mnH$ (CXm.""gd©pñ‘Z² AmË‘m ApñV'').

BZ‘| Cníbof `m g§ moJ Vmo {H$Ýht XmoHo$ ~rM‘| hr gå^d hmoZogo, ñd §AnZo ÛoYm {d^mOZgo nyd©, ñdml`ml`ê$n EH$‘odm{ÛVr` ~«ô‘‘| gå^d hrZht. Bgr Vah ì`mß` Am¡a ì`mnH$ Ho$ ôXHo$ ^r àH$Q> hmoZogo nyd©A{^ì`mnH$Vmê$nm A{YH$aUVm ^r gå^d Zht. AV… Ad{eï> ahVr h¡d ¡f{`H$s A{YH$aUVm. Bg d¡f{`H$s A{YH$aUVmH$m hr {Zê$nU~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²‘| {H$`m J`m h¡ :

""`h Ñí`‘mZ OJV² nhbo nwéf{dY AmË‘m hr Ho$db Wm.AnZo AmË‘mZwdrjU‘| CgZo AnZogo AÝ` Hw$N> Z XoI nmZoHo$ H$maU""‘¢ Vmo hþ§'' H$h H$a "A§h§'Zm‘m ~Z J`m... CgZo AnZo "Ah§'Zm‘mê$ngo A{V[aŠV Xygao (Ah§H$mamno{jV Ëd§H$ma Am¡a VXmH$ma)ê$nm|H$s H$m‘Zm H$s Am¡a CgZo AnZo-AmnH$mo Xmo ê$nm|‘| ~m§Q>{b`m... V~ Omo Aì`mH¥$V ñdê$n Wm CgH$m Zm‘-ê$nm|‘| ì`mH$aUhmo J`m... gmo dh AnZoÛmam ì`mH¥$V Zm‘-ê$nm|Ho$ ^rVa à{dï> hmoJ`m... `h ~«ô‘ Omo nhbo Wm CgZo AnZo-AmnH$mo nhbo ~«ô‘V`mOmZm {H$ ""‘¢ ~«ô‘ hþ§'' (AWm©V² "Ah§' Vmo Ag§»` Zm‘m|‘| EH$Zm‘ h¡, O~{H$ ~«ô‘ hmoZm CgH$m ñdê$n hr h¡) AV… dh g~ Hw$N>~Z J`m... AV… AmO ^r Omo H$moB© AnZo-AmnH$mo ""‘¢ ~«ô‘ hþ§''Eogo OmZ nmVm h¡, dh g~ Hw$N> ~Z OmVm h¡.''

(~¥h.Cn.1&4&1-10)


272 273

AVEd lr^mJdV ‘hmnwamU‘| ^r `h H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ ""‘hmàb`‘| Am¡aH¥$V wJHo$ Am{X‘| kmZ Am¡a AW© Xmo Zht àË wV EH$ hr VÎd Wo; AWdm{dH$ëna{hV Ho$db kmZ‘` AW© hr EH$‘mÌ Wm. dh AdmL²>‘ZmoJmoMa{Z{d©H$ën EH$mH$s gË` AnZr gd© dZgm‘Ï ©ê$nm ‘m`m Ûmam {ÛYm-kmZ Am¡a AW© Ho$ Xmo ê$nm|‘|-{d^ŠV hmo J`m. CZ Xmo ê$nm|‘|go EH$ àH¥${Vê$nAW© H$m ©H$maU^mdmË‘Zm nwZ… {ÛYm {d^ŠV hmo J`r. V~ Omo kmZê$nVÎd Wm dh nwéf ~Z J`m... Cg àH¥${VHo$ gÎd aOg² Am¡a V‘g² VrZ JwU{’$a àH$Q> hþdo'' (^mJ.nwam.11&24&2-5). AV… ~«ô‘H$m Am¡níbo{fH$ `mA{^ì`mnH$ A{YH$aUmË‘H$ ñdê$n Vmo g¥{ï>H$m{bH$ hr hmo gH$Vm h¡. àmŠH$m{bH$A{YH$aUVm Vmo d¡f{`H$s eŠ` hmo gH$Vr h¡.

`m| EH$ ~ma EopÀN>H$ Û¡V àH$Q> hmo OmZona Vmo AÝ` ^r AZoH$ àH$maH$sA{YH$aUVm `m AmYmaê$nVm ~«ô‘‘| àH$Q> hmoZo bJVr h¢. AVEd ""O{ZH$Vw©…àH¥${V…'' (nm{U.gy.1&4&30) gyÌHo$ mî`H$ma nVÄO{b H$hVo h¢ {H$ OZZ{H«$`mH$sAml`ê$nm Omo àH¥${V hmo CgH$s "AnmXmZ' g§km hmoVr h¡. `hm§ ^mî`H$mae§H$m-g‘mYmZ H$aVo h¢ {H$ àH¥${Vê$n CnmXmZH$maUgo {dH¥${Vê$n H$m`©H$m`Ú{n AmË`pÝVH$ AnH«$‘U Vmo {gÕ Zht hmo nmVm, {’$a^r àH¥${Vgo {dpÀN>ÝZhþdo {~Zm ^r Amno{jH$V`m H$maUgo H$m ©H$m ~mha Am{d^m©d Vmo {gÕ hmoVm hrh¡ (Ðï>.nmV§.‘hm^m.1&4&30). AV… CnmXo H$m ©H$m AnZo CnmXmZH$maU‘|go{H$gr Vah ~mha {ZH$bZm Am¡a {ZH$bZoHo$ ~mX ^r {H$gr Vah CnmXmZH$maU‘|pñWV ahZm, Eogm VÏ` ñdrH$maVo hr n§M‘rH$maH$Ho$ ñdê$n‘| ^r EH$ VahH$s{dbjU AmYmaVm àH$Q> hmoZo bJVr h¡. AV… CZ AZoH${dY AmYmam|Ho$àH$mam|Ho$ {d‘em©W© A~ àd¥Îm hþdm Om gH$Vm h¡. ~hþV gmao AmYma ‘ybV…H$maUJV {d{dYVmHo$ de {d{dY àH$maHo$ AmYma ~ZVo h¢. VXW© H$maUHo${d{dY ê$n Omo nmVÄOb`moJgyÌHo$ ^mî`‘| n[aJ{UV hþdo h¢ CZna Ñ{ï>nmVAno{jV h¡.

(H$maUHo$ Zm¢ àH$mam|Ho$ H$maU AmYmaHo$ ^r Zm¢ à oX) nmVÄOb`moJgyÌHo$ ^mî`H$ma H$hVo h¢ ""CËn{Îm pñW{V A{^ì`pŠV

{dH$ma/{dH¥${V àË`` AmpßV {d`moJ/{d`wpŠV AÝ`Vm Am¡a Y¥{V Ho$

à oXde H$maU Zm¢ àH$maHo$ ‘mZo OmVo h¢'' (nmV§.`mo.gy.^m.2&28). AV…CËnmXH$ ñWmnH$ A{^ì`ÄOH$ àH¥${V àË`` àmnH$ {d`moOH$ n¥WH²$H$maH$ VWmYmaH$ H$maUm|Ho$ à oXde AmYmam|Ho$ ^r BVZo àH$ma gmoMo Om gH$Vo h¢. BZH$sBVaoVaì`mdV©H$ CXmhaUm|Ho$ gmW H$s J`r {ddoMZm dht AmH$añWbna XoIboZr C{MV hmoJr, {df`mÝVa Am¡a {dñVma^r{V Ho$ de CÝh| `hm§ g§H${bV ZH$aZm hr C{MV h¡.

AmYma `m A{YH$aU H$s ‘r‘m§gm‘| "ñWmZ' nXH$s, O¡gm {H$ {Zê$nU hmohr J`m h¡, H$aUmW©H$ A{YH$aUmW©H$ Am¡a ^mdmW©H$ VrZm| VahH$s ì wËn{ÎmeŠ` h¢.

^mdmW©H$ ì wËn{ÎmHo$ AZwamoYde AmYmaê$n ñWmZbrbmH$m ñdê$n : 1.BZ‘| "ñWmZ' nXH$s ^mdmW©H$ ì`wËn{Îm ñdrH$maZona Vmo pñW{Vê$nm

^JdmZ²H$s brbmH$mo ^r "ñWmZ' H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡. CgHo$ Xmo à oX ‘m¡{bH$gdm©l`ml`ñdê$n EH$ ñWmZ Am¡a Xygam ñWmZ CgHo$ ^rVa, O¡gm{H$ ""g yq‘{dídVmo d¥Ëdm AË`{Vð>X² Xem§Jwb§, nmXmo Añ` {dídm ^yVm{Z''(F$Šg§{h.10&90&1-3) lw{VdMZ‘| {Zê${nV hþdm h¡, VXZwgma y{‘ Am{XbmoH$mË‘H$ ñWmZ Cg na‘ VÎdHo$ na‘mË‘ñdê$n ^JdËñdê$n Am¡abrbmdVmañdê$n Am¡a brbmW© g¥ï> AZoH${dY Ordñdê$nm| Ho$ AmYmaV`m àH$Q>hþdo ñWmZ hmoVo h¢.

BZ AdmÝVa ñWmZm|H$s g¥{ï> `{X {‘Ï`m `m ‘m{`H$ ‘mZr Om o Vmo ‘ybgdm©l`ml` ê$n ñWmZH$mo A{Yð>mZ ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm Am¡a AdmÝVa ñWmZm|H$mo CgA{Yð>mZna {‘Ï`mamon. AV… ñnï> h¡ {H$ `hm§ ^r nwZ… VrZ-Mma VahH$sgå^mdZm àH$Q> hmo OmVr h¢ : 1em§H$a doXmÝVm{^‘V {‘Ï`mYmaH$Vmê$nA{Yð>mZñWmZ 2{dkmZ{^jwdoXmÝVm{^‘V JJZmon‘m dmñV{dH$ Ag§JmYmaH$Vmê$nAmYmañWmZ 3H$mí‘rar àË`{^km‘Vm{^‘V kmZ{^{Îmna Câo dmñV{dH$ VWmgd©Wm A{^ÝZ ko {MÌmon‘m g¥{ï>Ho$ AmYmañWmZ 4dmëb^ doXmÝVm{^‘V A{dH$mar-CnmXmZê$n gwdU© Am¡a VXwnmXo`-VXmË‘H$ Hw$ÊS>bm{X-AmH¥${VHo$ gÑeAja~«ô‘monmXmZmË‘H$ g¥{ï>ê$n-CnmXo H$m AmYmañWmZ.


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BZ MVw{d©Y doXmÝVHo$ àñWmZm|Ho$ AZwê$n ñdml`ml` ~«ô‘H$mo na‘mYmaê$nñWmZ ‘mZ H$a Cg‘| àH$Q> hmoZodmbo AdmÝVa bmoH$mË‘H$ ñWmZm|H$m AnZoAmYmaHo$ gmW `Wm`W AZoH${dY gå~ÝY Am¡a ñdê$n eŠ` h¢, `Wm CËnmXH$ñWmnH$ A{^ì`ÄOH$ àH¥${V àmnH$ {d`moOH$ n¥WH²$H$maH$ VWm YmaH$ ê$nm|‘|AmYmaH$maUm|H$mo gmoMm Om gH$Vm h¡. Š`m|{H$ AdmÝVa Omo ñWmZm{X brbm àH$Q>hþ`r h¢ CZH$s CËn{Îm pñW{V A{^ì`pŠV {dH¥${V àË`` {d`moJ/{d`wpŠVAÝ`Vm Am ¡a Y¥{V ñdml`ml`ê$n ~«ô‘‘| {d{^ÝZ Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXrAm¡nm{YH$Û¡VmÛ¡VdmXr {d{eï>mÛ¡VdmXr Û¡VdmXr {deofmÛ¡VdmXr A{d^mJmÛ¡VdmXrAWdm ewÕmÛ¡VdmXr {d{^ÝZ doXmÝVàñWmZm|‘| `Wm`W ñdrH$mar J`r h¡.

H$aUmW©H$ ì`wËn{ÎmHo$ AZwamoYde pñW{VH$aUê$nm ñWmZbrbmH$mñdê$n :

2.Bgr Vah ~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² AdVmaê$n Am¡a OrdmË‘mAm| Ho$Cn wŠV ~hþ{dY H$aUm|Ho$ à oXde ñWmZbrbmHo$ ^r ~hþ{dY à oX Ñ{ï>JmoMahmoVo h¢. `hm§ {d{^ÝZ doXmÝVàñWmZm|Ho$ {dñVmaH$mo N>mo‹S> H$a Ho$db dmëb^doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma {ddoMZm H$aZr C{MV hmoJr.

gd©àW‘ gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘Ñï>çm g¥{ï>Ho$ àmH$Q²>ç‘| ~«mpô‘H$s Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdmpË‘H$m VWm gd© dZgm‘Ï ©ê$nm epŠV`m|Ho$ H$aUV`m à wŠV hmoZoHo$H$maU AnZo {MX§e VWm AmZÝXm§e H$mo {Vamo{hV H$aZoH$s {H«$`mHo$ H$maU‘ybñdê$ngo H$m ©g¥{ï>H$s EopÀN>H$s {d wpŠV Am¡a AÝ`Vm àH$Q> hmoVr h¡. CgHo$~mX {ZOñdê$nmÝV…pñWV AZÝVmZÝV Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ gmW gX§e‘| moOZmpË‘H$mA{^ì`pŠV CËn{Îm pñW{V {dH$ma/{dH¥${V AÝ`Vm H$m ~«ô‘ AmYmañWmZ ~ZVmh¡. `h gånÝZ hmo OmZona nwZ… AnZo H$m ©ê$nm|‘| à{dï> hmoZoHo$ H$maU na‘mË‘V`mpñW{V Am¡a Y¥{V H$m ^r AmYmañWmZ AnZo AÝV`m©‘r ê$n‘| dh ~ZVm h¡. BgVah Omo na‘mË‘m Ûmam {ZO earaV`m ñWm{nV Am¡a {dY¥V OrdmË‘m hmoVo h¢CZH$mo CZHo$ Y‘m©Y‘©Ho$ ’$bê$n AWm©ZW©, {d{hV-{Z{fÕH$m‘ gwIXw…I, Am¡aAZoH${dY ‘moj ê$nr ’$bm|Ho$ àXmZmW© Ano{jV Eoíd © dr © è lr kmZ d¡am½`Vw{ï>-X`m-j‘m-H¥$nm Am{X epŠV`m|H$mo H$aUV`m ì`mnm[aV H$aHo$ dh nmbZH$aVm h¡. ñd § CZ-CZ OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ {b o àmpßV `m AàmpßV H$m H$maUmYma~ZVm h¡.

Bgr Vah OrdmË‘g‘wXm`Ho$ AÝVJ©V ^r H$‘© kmZ ^pŠV d¡am½` Vn `moJAm{X OrdmË‘{Zð> H$aUm|go VÎmV² gmYH$ Wm`W AnZr H¥${V ‘{V a{V Am{X‘ybH$gmYZmAm|‘| ^JdmZ²H$mo à{Vð>m{nV H$a gH$Vm h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| OrdmË‘m ^rAmpßVH$maU `m AmpßVH$m AmYma ~Z nmVr h¡.

A{YH$aUmW© ì wËn{ÎmHo$ AZwamoYde AmYmaê$n ñWmZbrbmH$m ñdê$n:

3.A{YH$aU Xmo VahHo$ Omo h¢ do Vmo h‘Zo XoI-g‘P {b o {’$a^r g¥ï>{dg¥ï> ñWmZ Am{XHo$ A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZV`m ~«ô‘H$m AmYmañWmZr` hmoZm.CËn{Îm A{^ì`pŠV àË`` Ho$ H$maUV`m ^r nwZ… CnmXmZê$nm AmYmañWmZVmAmVr h¡. pñW{V Y¥{V {d wpŠV AÝ`Vm Ho$ H$maUV`m AÝV`m©{‘ yV H$Vm©H$s{Z{‘ÎmmYmaVm AmVr h¡. g¥ï>-{dg¥ï>-ñWmZ Am{X‘| ^JdmZ² O~ AnZo {Xì` JwU{H«$`m ñdê$nm{d^m©d `m ñdê$n{Vamo md Am{X A{MÝË`gm‘Ï ©Ho$ de àH$Q>H$aVo h¢ Vmo Am¡níbo{fH$=g§ moJê$nm AmYmañWmZVm, Bgr Vah BZHo$ ~«ô‘mË‘H$ñdê$nH$m kmZ-Ü`mZ Am{X H$aZo OrdmË‘mHo$ g‘j àH$Q> hmoVo h¢, gmjmV²ñdê$n‘| AWdm gmYZmMaUHo$ ê$n‘|, V~ ^r d¡f{`H$ àË``H$maUmYmaVm^br^m§{V ~w{ÕJå` ~Zm`r Om gH$Vr h¡.

g§jon‘| ~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² AnZo A{^ì`mnH$VmHo$ ñdê$nHo$ AZwgmagd©Ì g¥{ï>ê$nr ñWmZ‘| AdpñWV ahVo h¢. Bgo ewÕmÛ¡VdoXmÝV‘| VmXmËå`ê$noU hr‘mÝ` {H$`m J`m h¡.

(‘hmà w{da{MV ^mJdVmW©àH$aUHo$ AmYmana n§M‘ñH$ÝYgmam§e)

ñWybOJV²H$mo ñWybdnw h[aH$m nhMmZmñH$ÝY {ÛVr`‘|, Ü`mZ dhr A~ h¡ AnZmZm&

Ü`mZ H$aZo Ag‘W© ñdV… h‘ Ord gXm h¢~w{ÕàoaH$-H¥$îUH¥$nmde H$a gH$Vo h¢&&


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gJ©-{dgJ©brbmHo$ ~mX n§M‘ñH$ÝY‘| ^JdmZ²H$s ñWmZê$nm brbmH$m{Zê$nU {H$`m J`m h¡. ñd § lr^mJdVnwamU‘| ñWmZbrbmH$mo ""pñW{V `mñWmZ ê$nr brbm d¡Hw$ÊR>na {dO` h¡'' BZ eãXm|‘| n[a^m{fV {H$`m J`m h¡."{dO`' nXH$m AW© hmoVm h¡, {H$grH$mo AnZo AmYrZ ~ZmZm. AV… gJ©brbmHo$AÝVJ©V àH$Q> {H$ o nXmWm]H$mo, {OÝh| {dgJ©brbmHo$ AÝVJ©V `Wmo{MV ê$n‘|g‘m`mo{OV ^r {H$`m J`m, CZ nXmWm]H$mo CZH$s ‘`m©XmHo$ AZwê$n ñWm{nVH$aZm ñWmZbrbm‘| à{VnmXZr` ‘mZm J`m h¡. àmH¥$V nXmW©, Š`m|{H$, Mm¡~rgàH$maHo$ hmoVo h¢, AV… àmH¥$V nXmWm]na {dO` r 1 go 24 m| Mm¡~rg AÜ``m|‘|à{Vnm{XV hþ r h¡.

àmH¥$V nXmWm]Ho$ ~rM AWm©V² g¥{ï> ê$nr ñWmZ‘| ñdê$nV… àH¥${Vgo AVrVB©ída Ord `m| Xmo ê$nm|‘| ^JdmZ² brb`m AdñWmZ H$aVo h¢. VXW© ApÝV‘ Xmo25-26d| AÜ`m` ^r `mo{OV hþdo h¡.

Bg Vah Hw$b {‘bm H$a `m| N>ã~rg AÜ`m`m|dmbm `h n§M‘ñH$ÝY h¡.

ahZoH$s {H«$`mH$mo O¡go "ñWmZ' H$hm OmVm h¡, d¡go hr {Og gmYZHo$Adb§~ZÛmam AWdm Ohm§ ahm OmVm hmo, Cg gmYZ m Xoe H$mo r "ñWmZ' H$hmOmVm h¡. EVXW© Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nHo$ {Ì{dY à oXm|H$m kmZ Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡.VXÝVJ©V ñWmZ y… wd… Am¡a ñd… `m| VrZ VahHo$ XoemË‘H$ hmoVo h¢. doX‘|""~mah ‘{hZo nm§M F$Vw VrZ bmoH$ Am¡a Am{XË`'' `m| H$mbH$mo Hw$b {‘bmH$a BŠH$sg àH$maH$m ‘mZm J`m h¡. Bgr Vah nydm}ŠV B©ída-OrdHo$ à oXdeñdê$n Xmo àH$maHo$ hmoVo h¢. `m| Bg ñH$ÝY‘| N>ã~rg AÜ`m`m|Ho$ `moOZ‘| N>ã~rgg§»`mH$m à`moOZ g‘Pm gH$Vm h¡. BZ g^r ñWmZm|‘| gd©Ì-gd©Xm ^JdmZ²Ho$Abmdm Vmo AÝ` H$moB© ah Zht gH$Vm. AV… g^rHo$ CnmXmZ hmoZo VWm {Z`m‘H$hmoZo go ^JdmZ² gd©Ì-gd©Xm-gd©ê$noU pñWV hmo nmVo h¢ Bgo ñWmZbrbm g‘PrOmVr h¡.

hm§ àH$aUm|H$m {d^mOZ Bg Vah {H$`m J`m h¡ {H$ ñWybÑï²>çm ñWmZbrbmH$m{dMma H$aZona AÜ`m` 1 go AÜ`m` 15 VH$ ñdê$npñW{V {Zê${nV hþ r h¡.Bgr Vah AÜ`m` 16 go AÜ`m` 26 n ©ÝV XoepñW{V à{VnmXZr` h¡. AV…à‘wI àH$aU Xmo hr ~ZVo h¢. `hm§ H$mb‘| pñW{VH$m {Zê$nU Zht {H$`m J`mh¡. Š`m|{H$ {Og H$mb‘| g~ Hw$N> AdpñWV dh H$mb ñd § Vmo ^JdmZ²‘| hr

CZH$s Moï>mHo$ ê$n‘| pñWV ahVm h¡. AV… ñdê$nÛmam pñW{V Am¡a Xoe‘| pñW{V, `m| ñWmZbrbmHo$ Xmo à‘wI

àH$aU ~ZVo h¢. BZ‘| ñdê$npñW{V nwZ… fS²>{dY ^JdX²JwUm|H$s pñW{VHo$ ê$n‘|Am¡a Aï>m§J`moJ VWm kmZ H$s {g{ÕHo$ ê$n‘| A{^àoV h¡. AV… BgHo$ XmoAdmÝVa à oX {XIbm o J o h¢.

(ñWmZbrbmÝVJ©V ñdê$npñW{VHo$ ‘w»` àH$aUHo$ AÝVJ©V ^JdmZ²H$sAnZo N>h JwUm|go ñdê$npñW{VHo$ {Zê$nUmW© 1-6 AÜ`m`m|dmbmAdmÝVaàH$aU)

AnZo JwUm|Ûmam ^JdmZ²H$s ñdê$npñW{VHo$ {Zê$nUmW©, Š`m|{H$ ^JdmZ²Eoíd © dr © è lr kmZ d¡am½` ê$nr N>h JwUm|go wŠV h¢ AV…, N>h AÜ`m` BgAdmÝVa àH$aU‘| g‘m`mo{OV h¢.

(1)N>h JdX²JwUm|‘| go Eoíd © VWm dr © ê$nr Xmo JwUm|Ûmam lrH¥$îUH$sñdê$noU pñW{VH$m {Zê$nU Vmo Vmo àW‘ àH$aU‘| hr {à`d«V amOmHo$ñdê$n‘| JdmZ²Ho$ ñWmnH$ Eoíd © VWm dr © Ho$ dU©ZÛmam àW‘ AÜ`m`‘|{H$`m J`m h¡.

(2)AnZo lr ê$nr JwUÛmam lrH¥$îUH$s ñdê$noU pñW{VHo$ àH$aU‘|Am½ZrY«Ho$ ñdê$n‘| AnZr ñWm{nH$m lrH$m {Zê$nU {ÛVr` AÜ`m`‘|{H$`m J`m h¡.

(3)AnZo èmoê$nr JwUÛmam lrH¥$îUH$s ñdê$noU pñW{VHo$ àH$aU‘|Zm{^ amOmHo$ ñdê$n‘| AnZo ñWmnH$ èH$m {Zê$nU V¥Vr` AÜ`m`‘|{H$`m J`m h¡.

(4)AnZo Y‘u ê$n‘| lrH¥$îUH$s ñdê$noU pñW{VHo$ àH$aU‘| àOmHo$ñdê$n‘| AnZo ñWmnH$ Y{‘©ê$n F$f^mdVmaH$m {Zê$nU MVwW© AÜ`m`‘|{H$`m J`m h¡.

(5)AnZo kmZ ê$nr JwUÛmam lrH¥$îUH$s ñdê$noU pñW{VHo$ àH$aU‘|F$f^nwÌm|Ho$ ñdê$n‘| AnZo ñWmnH$ kmZH$m {Zê$nU nm§Md| AÜ`m`‘|{H$`m J`m h¡.

(6)AnZo d¡am½` ê$nr JwUÛmam lrH¥$îUH$s ñdê$noU pñW{VHo$ àH$aU‘|


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`mo{Jà ¥{V g^r bmoJm|Ho$ ñdê$n‘| AnZo ñWmnH$ d¡am½`H$m {Zê$nU N>Æ>oAÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX Xygao àH$maH$s ñdê$npñW{VHo$ {Zê$nUmW© Xygam AdmÝVaàH$aU AmVm h¡.

(ñWmZbrbmÝVJ©V ñdê$npñW{VHo$ ‘w»` àH$aUHo$ AÝVJ©V ^JdmZ²H$sAï>m§J`moJ VWm kmZ Ûmam ñdê$npñW{VHo$ {Zê$nUmW© 7-15 AÜ`m`m|dmbmAdmÝVaàH$aU)

moJ Aï>m§Jm|dmbr gmYZm h¡. AV… VXZwê$n moJÛmam ñdê$npñW{VHo${Zê$nUmW© {ÛVr` àH$aU‘| AmR> AÜ`m`m|H$mo VWm ‘Ü`‘| EH$ kmZHo$Ûmam ñdê$npñW{VHo$ dU©ZmW© m| Hw$b Zm¡ AÜ`m`m|dmbm h AdmÝVaàH$aUh¡.

(1)lrH¥$îUH$s `moJÛmam ñdê$npñW{VHo$ AdmÝVaàH$aU‘| âVHo$ñdê$n‘| àOmnmbZm{X Y‘©, `moJgmYZm Am¡a ^pŠV H$m {Zê$nU gmVd|AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.

(2)lrH¥$îUH$s `moJÛmam ñdê$npñW{VHo$ AdmÝVaàH$aU‘| àmaãYm{XHo$de `moJgmYZmHo$ {dKmV hmo OmZona ^r âV, Omo gd©gmYZm|go gånÝZ‘w‘wjw Wo, CZH$m ‘ZH$s M§MbVmHo$ àdmh‘| ~h OmZona ^r h[a^pŠVÛmamCÝh| kmZàmßV hmoZoH$m {Zê$nU AmR>d| AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.

(3)lrH¥$îUH$s `moJÛmam ñdê$npñW{VHo$ AdmÝVaàH$aU‘| ‘ZH$spñWaVm JdËàmpßVHo$ mo½` ~«mô‘UXoh {‘bZona r à{V~ÝYH$ AÜ`mnZd¥fbHo$ hmWm|go ‘¥Ë w Am{Xgo h[a^pŠV hr ‘wpŠV àXmZ H$aVr h¡, BgH$m{Zê$nU Zm¢d| AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.

(4)lrH¥$îUH$s `moJÛmam ñdê$npñW{VHo$ AdmÝVaàH$aU‘| ‘`m©Xm‘|H$‘© Am{XH$s ~{bð>Vm {XIbmZoH$mo âVH$mo kmZr hmoZona ^r OÝ‘mÝVaboZm n‹S>m Am¡a `h OVmZoH$mo kmZr hmoZoHo$ H$maU ahÿJUH$mo kmZmonXoeHo${Zê$nUHo$ àg§J‘| JwéHo$ à{V àU{V Am¡a àíZ H$m {Zê$nU Xgd|AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.

(5)lrH¥$îUH$s moJÛmam ñdê$npñW{VHo$ AdmÝVaàH$aU‘| nyd©OÝ‘{gÕkmZHo$ ~moYH$ CnXoeH$m {Zê$nU VWm `moJmZwgmar {dkmZ VWm ‘Zmo{ZJ«h

H$m {Zê$nU ½`mahd| AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡. (6)lrH¥$îUH$s moJÛmam ñdê$npñW{VHo$ AdmÝVaàH$aU‘| nyd©OÝ‘{gÕ

kmZHo$ ~moYH$ CnXoeHo$ àg§J‘| ^JdmZ²go A{V[aŠV nXmWm]H$mo AdñVw{XIbm H$a CËH¥$ï> d¡am½`H$m {Zê$nU ~mahd| AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.

(7)lrH¥$îUH$s moJÛmam ñdê$npñW{VHo$ AdmÝVaàH$aU‘| nyd©OÝ‘{gÕkmZHo$ CnXoe XoZoHo$ àg§J‘| A{YH$maHo$ narjH$ hmoZoHo$ {Zê$nU‘| JdmZ²goA{V[aŠV gmao nXmW© AÝV‘| Xw…IàX hr hmoVo h¢ Eogo {Zê$nU {H$`m J`m.AV… Eogo CËH¥$ï>Va d¡am½`H$m {Zê$nU Voahd| AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.

(8)lrH¥$îUH$s kmZÛmam ñdê$npñW{VHo$ {Zê$nUmW© Bg AÜ`m`‘|kmZ‘mJu` nwaÄOZmonm»`mZHo$ ê$nH$dmbr namojH$Wm amOm n[a{jV^br^m§{V g‘P Zht nm o, EVmdVm CZH$m ^pŠV‘mJu` CËH$f© {XIbmVohþdo âVHo$ Xmo nyd©OÝ‘m|H$s gmW©H$VmH$m {Zê$nU Bg Mm¡Xhd| AÜ`m`‘|{H$`m J`m h¡.

(9)nwZ… lrH¥$îUH$s moJÛmam ñdê$npñW{VHo$ {Zê$nUmW© aVHo$ d§eH$sCÎm‘VmH$m {Zê$nU Bg n§Xahd| AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡. Bg Vah VrZ VahH$s ñdê$npñW{VHo$ {Zê$nU‘| Hw$b {‘bm H$a n§Xah

AÜ`m`m|H$m g§{Zdoe hþdm h¡. BgHo$ ~mX Xygam ‘w»` àH$aU XoepñW{VH$m àmaå^hmoVm h¡.

(ñWmZbrbmÝVJ©V {ÛVr` ‘w»` àH$aU XoepñW{VH$m h¡ AV… VXÝVJ©VVrZ AdmÝVa àH$aUm|‘| àW‘ AdmÝVaàH$aU 16-20 AÜ`m`m|H$m)

O¡gm {H$ H$hm Om MwH$m VXZwgma y… wd… ñd… `m| XoeHo$ VrZ VahHo$ à oXhmoVo h¢. AV… VXZwgma ybmoH$ àYmZV`m n§M‘hm yVm|go K{Q>V hmoVm h¡. AV…Bg AdmÝVaàH$aU‘| nm§M hr AÜ`m` VXZwê$n g‘m`mo{OV hþdo h¢.

(1)lrH¥$îUH$s XoepñW{VHo$ ‘w»`àH$aUHo$ AÝVJ©V y{‘ ê$nr AdmÝVa‘Ü` ñWmZHo$ dU©ZHo$ AÝVJ©V y{‘Ho$ n[a‘mU VWm ñdê$n gmobhd|AÜ`m`‘| {Zê${nV hþdo h¢.

(2)lrH¥$îUH$s XoepñW{VHo$ ‘w»`àH$aUHo$ AÝVJ©V y{‘ ê$nr AdmÝVa‘Ü` ñWmZHo$ dU©ZHo$ AÝVJ©V y{‘Ho$ ZdIÊS>m|‘| go EH$IÊS>‘| J§JmObHo$gå~ÝYHo$ H$maU y{‘‘| AmJÝVwH$ Y‘©H¥$V CËH$f©H$m {Zê$nU hþdm h¡.


280 281

^JdmZ² lrh[aH$s nyOmHo$ H$maU Bbmd¥V IÊS>Ho$ CËH$f©H$m dU©Z gÌhd|AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.

(3)lrH¥$îUH$s XoepñW{VHo$ ‘w»`àH$aUHo$ AÝVJ©V y{‘ ê$nr AdmÝVa‘Ü` ñWmZHo$ dU©ZHo$ AÝVJ©V ^Ðmíd Am{X N>h IÊS>m|Ho$ CËH$f©H$mdU©Z AÆ>mahd| AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.

(4)lrH¥$îUH$s XoepñW{VHo$ ‘w»`àH$aUHo$ AÝVJ©V y{‘ ê$nr AdmÝVa‘Ü` ñWmZHo$ dU©ZHo$ AÝVJ©V JwU‘mJ©Ûmam h[anyOZH$m CÎmamoÎma CËH$f©{Zê$nU H$aHo$ Xmo àXoem|‘| AWm©V² nd©Vm|‘| go CX² yV hmoZodmbr Z{X`m|Ho$ObHo$ H$maU VWm H$‘© y{‘ hmoZoHo$ H$maU ^r gdm}nOrì` hmoZogo VWmXodVmAm|Ho${b o ^r àe§gZr` hmoZoHo$ H$maU ^maVdf© ê$nr yàXoeH$mna‘ CËH$f© CÝZrgd| AÜ`m`‘| d{U©V hþdm h¡.

(5)lrH¥$îUH$s XoepñW{VHo$ ‘w»`àH$aUHo$ AÝVJ©V y{‘ ê$nr AdmÝVa‘Ü` ñWmZHo$ dU©ZHo$ AÝVJ©V ßbj Am{X {Ûnm|Ho$ à‘mU VWm bjUH$m {Zê$nU ~rgd| AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.

(ñWmZbrbmÝVJ©V 21-23AÜ`m`m|dmbm nm§Mdm àH$aU) wdbm}H$‘| àH¥${VHo$ VrZ gÎd-aOg²-V‘mo JwUm|H$s àYmZVm hmoZoHo$ H$maU

Bg àH$aU‘| VrZ AÜ`m` g‘m`mo{OV hþdo h¢. (1)lrH¥$îUH$s XoepñW{VHo$ ‘w»`àH$aUHo$ AÝVJ©V AdmÝVa-

D$Üd©Xoeê$n ÚwbmoH$‘| pñW{VH$m VWm Úw‘`m©XmH$m {Zê$nU H$aVo hþdogy ©bmoH$H$m dU©Z BŠH$sgd| AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.

(2)lrH¥$îUH$s XoepñW{VHo$ ‘w»`àH$aUHo$ AÝVJ©V AdmÝVa-D$Üd©Xoeê$n ÚwbmoH$H$s ‘`m©XmH$m {Zê$nU ~mB©g‘| AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`mh¡.

(3)lrH¥$îUH$s XoepñW{VHo$ ‘w»`àH$aUHo$ AÝVJ©V AdmÝVa-D$Üd©Xoeê$n ÚwbmoH$H$s ‘`m©XmHo$ {Zê$nU‘| {eew‘ma ê$nr Vmam‘ÊS>bg§ñWmZ VoB©gd| AÜ`m`‘| d{U©V hþdm h¡.

(ñWmZbrbmÝVJ©V 24-26 AÜ`m`m|dmbm N>Æ>m àH$aU) ñdbm}H$‘| ^r àH¥${VHo$ CŠV VrZ JwUm|H$s àYmZVm ahVr h¡. AV… `hm§ ^r

VrZ AÜ`m` g‘m`mo{OV hþdo h¢. (1)lrH¥$îUH$s XoepñW{VHo$ ‘w»`àH$aUHo$ AÝVJ©V AdmÝVa-

AYmoXoeê$n VWm ñdJ©bmoH$ê$n Xoem|H$s ‘`m©XmHo$ {Zê$nU Mm¡~rgd|AÜ`m`‘| {H$ o J o h¢.

(2)lrH¥$îUH$s XoepñW{VHo$ ‘w»`àH$aUHo$ AÝVJ©V AÝVJ©V AdmÝVa-AYmoXoeê$n nmVmb Am{X Xoem|‘| ^r gwIHo$ hoVwAm|H$m {Zê$nU nÀMrgd|AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡.

(3)lrH¥$îUH$s XoepñW{VHo$ ‘w»`àH$aUHo$ AÝVJ©V {Z{fÕ H$‘m]Ho$H$Vm©Am|H$mo H$‘©’$bV`m AdmÝVa-ZaH$XoeH$s `mVZm VWm CgH$s‘`m©XmH$m {Zê$nU N>ã~rgd| AÜ`m`‘| {H$`m J`m h¡. Bg Vah ñdê$npñW{V Am¡a XoepñW{V XmoZm| hr VrZ-VrZ àH$maH$s hmoVr

h¢ AV… `hm§ Bg ñH$ÝY‘| Hw$b {‘bm H$a N>h àH$aUm|H$m g§{Zdoe h¡.

$


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11

Cng§hma*

(‘§JbmMaU)lrH¥$îU§ na‘mZÝX§ Xebrbm wV§ gXm&gd© ŠVg‘wÕmao {dñ’w$aÝV§ na§ Zw‘…&&`X²Xe©Z§ {ZJ‘ AmË‘ah…àH$me§&‘wh² pÝV `Ì H$d`mo@Onam `VÝV…&&V§ gd©dmX{df`à{Vê$nerb§&dÝXo ‘hmnwéf‘mË‘{ZJyT>~moY‘²&&

(CnH«$‘) ‘hmà w dëb^mMm ©Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moUgo ^mJdV lrH¥$îUH$m Zm‘mË‘H$ ñdê$n

h¡. AnZo àW‘ J«ÝW VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYHo$ ‘“bmMaU‘| hr ‘hmà w Bg ~mVH$mogwñnîQ> H$aVo h¢ …

""ê$nZm‘{d oXoZ OJV² H«$sS>{V `mo `V…''(V.Xr.{Z.1-1)

Vmo Omo ^mJdVHo$ dU©-nX-dmŠ`mË‘H$ eãX h¢ CZH$m corresponding

meaning lrH¥$îU Am¡a CZH$s {d{dY brbm h¢. EH$ lrH¥$îU Am¡a CZH$s

*^mJdVgo{‘Zma ‘.g.{d.{d(~S>m¡Xm)‘| dŠVì`Xe{dY brbmAm| H$m corresponding verbal expression lr^mJdVHo$

dU© nX Am¡a dmŠ` h¢. ñd`§ ""`X²Xe©Z§ {ZJ‘ AmË‘ah…àH$me§...V§gd©dmX{df`à{Vê$nerb‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.12&8&49) {Zê$nUÛmam ^mJdV‘|^r `hr H$hm OmZm A{^àoV h¡. Š`m|{H$ lr‘X² mJdV nwamUH$mo {Og ^JdX²JrVmAm¡a ~«ô‘gyÌ Ho$ {gÕmÝVm|H$s brbmË‘H$ ì`m»`m H$aZo àd¥Îm hþdm ‘mZVo h¢ doXmoZmo ì`m» o J«ÝW {ZJ‘ahñ` àH$meZmW© hr àd¥Îm hþdo J«ÝW h¢.

{ZJ‘VÎdH$m ahñ` Cn{ZfX²Ho$ ""Zo{V Zo{V'' dMZH$mo CX²Y¥V H$aHo$ d¡go~hþYm EH$ hr {Xem‘| {b`m OmVm h¡ Omo {Xem lre§H$amMm ©Ho$ Ûmam {XIbm`rJ`r {Xem h¡. EH$, naÝVw, Xygar {Xem Am¡a ^r h¡ "Zo{V Zo{V' dMZHo$A{^àm`H$mo g‘PZoH$s. Š`m|{H$ ""Ûo dmd ~«ô‘Umo ê$no ‘yVª M Ed A‘yV§ª M,‘Ë ª M A‘¥V§ pñWV§ M, `V² M, gV² M, Ë`V² M... AWmV… AmXoemo "Z'B{V "Z' B{V "Z{h' EVñ‘mX² B{V "Z' B{V AÝ`V² na‘²ApñV''.(~¥h.Cn.2&3&1-6) `m{Z ‘yVm©‘yV© ‘Ë`m©‘¥V pñWV-`V² `m gV²-Ë`V²XmoZm|‘|go ~«ô‘ Hw$N> ^r Z hmo, Eogm ~«ô‘ Zht h¡ ‘Ja Xm|Zmo àH$mam|‘|go {H$gr ^ràH$maHo$ AmYmana ~«ô‘H$m {Zê$nU nyU© Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm, Eogm VmËn © ^r{b`m Om gH$Vm h¡. """Z{h' EVñ‘mX² B{V "Z' B{V AÝ`V² na‘² ApñV''.O~ {H$gr EH$ ê$nH$mo nH$‹S> H$a h‘ MbVo h¢ `m{Z, ~«ô‘H$mo ‘yV© hr ‘mZ H$aMbVo h¢. Vmo emó `m| H$hVm h¡… "Zo{V'. O~ ~«ô‘H$mo A‘yV© hr ‘mZ H$a MbVoh¢ Vmo nwZ… emóH$mo H$hZm nS>Vm h¡ … "Zo{V' Bg AW©‘| ^r drßgm ñdrH$mar OmgH$Vr h¡. `h ^r EH$ {Xem h¡ "Zo{V Zo{V' dMZHo$ A{^àm`H$mo ImoOZoH$s.

""Ûo dmd ~«ô‘Umo ê$no ‘Ë ª M A‘¥Vª M'' dMZmoŠV Xmo {XemAm|‘|go ‘¡ZoAmO VH$ EH$ hr {Xem n‹T> aIr Wr {H$ à‘mU yV emó Am¡a emór` à‘oA‘¥V hmoVo h¢. `h gM h¢ {H$ ‘¢Zo A‘¥V-~«ô‘H$s EH$ {Xem n‹T> aIr Wr naÝVw^mJdVHo$ {dÛmZ² ‘Zr{fAm|Ho$ ‘wIgo EH$ ‘Ë ©-~«ô‘H$s {Xem ^r AmO gwZZoH$mo{‘br post-mortemH$s...""Zo{V-Zo{V.."Z{h' EVñ‘mX² B{V "Z' B{V AÝ`V²na‘² ApñV''

lr^JdËàgmX^mB©Zo {Og Vahgo ‘oam n[aM` {X`m, CVZm H$moB© {d{eîQ>{dÛmZ² ‘¢ hÿ§ Zht. ‘¢Zo Vmo EH$ hr {Xem‘| Wmo‹S>m ~hþV AÜ``Z {H$`m h¡ Omo ‘¢

Cng§hma gmH$ma ~«÷dmX


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AmnHo$ gm‘Zo àñVwV H$aZm Mmhÿ§Jm. AÝ`Wm kmZ Vmo AJmY hmoVm h¡, `h Vmogd©Wm ñdrH$aUr` dmñV{dH$Vm h¡. AñVw.

(^mJdVnwamUHo$ à‘wI {df`Ho$ {ZYm©aUmW© ñdJVà‘mU) Omo {df` AmnHo$ gm‘Zo ‘¢ àñVwV H$aZm MmhVm hÿ§ dh `h h¡ {H$ g‘J«

^mJdVH$m as such{df` Š`m h¡ Am¡a ^mJdV ñd § Bg ~mao‘| h‘| Š`m H$hZmMmhVr h¡. ‘w»`V`m VrZ ñWbm|na, ^mJdV‘|, Bg ~mao‘| {Zê$nU CnbãY hmoVmh¡.

g~go nhbm CëboIZr` íbmoH$ `m| h¢-

(1.ñdJVà‘mU) AÌ1gJm}2{dgJ©íM 3ñWmZ§4nmofU‘²5D$V`…&6‘ÝdÝVa7B©emZwH$Wm8{ZamoYmo9‘wpŠV…10Aml`…&&Xe‘ñ` {dewÕ`Wª ZdmZm‘² Bh bjU‘²&&

(^mJ.nwam 2&10&1-2)

`hm§ bú`r yV ÛmXe ñH$ÝYHo$ dÊ ©-{df` 10Aml`VÎdHo$ {demoYZHo${bò Zm¡ VahHo$ 1-9bjUê$n {df` ^mJdVHo$ V¥Vr` ñH$ÝYgo àmaå^ H$aEH$mXe ñH$ÝYVH$ {Zê${nV hþdo h¢, ñd § ^mJdV‘| hr Eogm AnZm A{^àm`{Zê${nV hþdm h¡.

A~ XopI o {H$ {H$g VahH$m {demoYZ h‘| H$amZm h¡, {demoYZ H$B© Vahgohmo gH$Vm h¡ … {demoYZ nma‘m{W©H$ VÎdH$m ì`mdhm[aH$ AmamonHo$ {ZagZÛmamhmo gH$Vm h¡. `m{Z ì`dhmaH$m {ZagZ H$aHo$; `m ì`dhmaH$m ~mY H$aHo$;AWm©V² na‘mW©H$mo C^ma H$a gm‘Zo bm H$aHo$, AmamonHo$ {ZfoYÛmam {H$`m OmgH$Vm h¡, CXmhaUV`m aOVH$m {ZfoY H$aHo$ ewpŠVH$m {demoYZ {H$`m OmVm h¡.`h ì`dhmago na‘mW©H$m {demoYZ h¡.

dmñV{dH$ ho dñVwAm|Ho$ Ë`mJÛmam ^r CnmXo dmñV{dH$VmH$m {demoYZgå^d h¡. {H$gr CnmXo dmñV{dH$ dñVwH$s àmpßVÛmam Cnoú` AZoH$ dñVwAm|H$sCnojm H$aHo$ àmßVì ¡Š`go ^r {demoYZ hmo gH$Vm h¡. CXmhaUV`m hram {OgAmdaU‘| {Kam hþdm hmoVm h¡ Cgo Vame H$a ~mha {ZH$mbZm hraoH$m {demoYZ h¡.

~hþYm AZoH${dY Jm¡U àË`` h‘Z| dñVwHo$ ~mao‘| K‹S> aIo hmoVo h¢. doAmdí`H$ Zht {H$ g^r «mpÝVê$n hr hm| ‘Ja {’$a^r h‘| EH$ à‘wI àË``H$^r Eogm àmßV hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ ~hmoV gmao Jm¡U àË``m|H$mo dmñV{dH$ hmoZona^r N>mo‹S>ZoH$mo V¡ ma hmoZm n‹S>Vm h¡. CXmhaUV`m hmb hr ‘| X{jU‘| {H$grn[adma‘| nr‹T>r Xa nr‹T>r Ka‘| nyOZr` {ebm em{bJ«m‘ hmoZHo$ ~Om` {dídH$mg~go H$s‘Vr ‘m{UH$ aËZ {ZH$bm Omo nyOZr` {ebmHo$ ~hmZo n[admaZo Mma-gm¡ nm§M-gm¡ dfm] VH$ gåhmb H$a Ya a»Im !

{demoYZ H$^r-H$^r {Zanoj dñVwH$m gmnoj JwUY‘m]go ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡.CXmhaUV`m H$moB© ì`pŠV AnZo gm‘m{OH$ `m nm[adm[aH$ n[adoe‘| {H$gr VahHo$gmnoj JwUY‘m] àH$Q> H$aVm hmoZna ^r AnZo-Amn‘| Hw$N> AÝ` àH$maHo$ {ZanojJwUY‘m]H$mo àH$Q> H$aZodmbm ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡.

AV… ^mJdV‘| bú`V`m d{U©V Aml`VÎdH$mo CZ‘|go {H$gr EH$ ê$n‘|h‘H$mo nhMmZZm n‹S>oJm {H$ ^mJdVHo$ V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYgo boH$a EH$mXeñH$ÝYVH$Ho$ Zd{dY àË`` Omo h¢ do Š`m ÛmXeñH$ÝYHo$ dÊ ©{df`na h‘mar H$ënZmgoàgyV Amamonê$n h¢, AWdm do H$moB© ho , Jm¡U `m gmnoj JwUY‘© h¢ Am¡a AnZoà‘wIê$n‘| m {ZanojV`m Aml`VÎd d¡gm Zht h¢. m| Aml` VÎdHo$ {demoYZHo$AZoH$ àH$ma hmo gH$Vo h¢.

A~ O¡go ""bjUà‘mUmä`m§ dñVw{g{Õ…'' h‘ H$hVo h¢ Vmo dñVw{g{ÕdñVwH$m {demoYZ h¡ Am¡a bjU Am¡a à‘mU Cg‘| {demoYZH$m H$m‘ H$aVo h¢.Vm{H$ dñVwH$m g§e`- «mpÝVa{hV gå`½~moY h‘| hmo Om o.

CgHo$ ~mX Xygam EH$ íbmoH$ Amoa ^r Aml`VÎdHo$ ~mao‘| AmVm h¡ {H$…-


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(2.ñdJVà‘mU) Am^mgíM {ZamoYíM `VíMmÜ`dgr`Vo&g Aml`… na§ ~«ô‘ na‘mË‘o{V eãÚVo&&

(^mJ.nwam.2&90&7)

Am^mg Am¡a {ZamoY {Oggo hmoVm h¡ Cgo h‘ "Aml`' H$hVo h¢. A~ XopI o`h ^mJdV AnZo-Amn‘| AnZm ‘w»` {df` Š`m ‘mZVr h¡ `h àíZ h¡ VmoAm^mg Am¡a {ZamoY {Oggo hmo ahm h¡ Cg na~«ô‘ na‘mË‘mH$mo "Aml`' H$hm Omahm h¡. gm‘mÝ`V… h‘ g‘P gH$Vo h¢ ""AWmVmo ~«ô‘{Okmgm'' (~«.gy.1&1&1)""OÝ‘mÚñ` `V…'' (~«.gy.1&1&2) "Añ`' OJV²Ho$ "OÝ‘m{X' OÝ‘ pñW{VAm¡a b` Ohm§ `m {Oggo hmoVo h¢ dh ~«ô‘ h¢. `hm§ bjUgo bú`H$m {demoYZ{H$`m OmVm {XIbm`r XoVm h¡. O¡go AmO h‘Zo gw~hHo$ goeZ²‘| XoIm, "OÝ‘mÚñ``V…' H$s ‘r‘m§gmHo$ d»V.

(3.ñdJVà‘mU)EH$ Amoa {ZH$f {X`m J`m h¡ `hm§ Am¡a dh `m| h¡ …

`mo@Ü`mpË‘H$mo § nwéf… gmo@gmdodm{YX¡{dH$…&`ñVÌmo `{dÀN>oX… nwéfmo øm{Y^m¡{VH$…&&EH$‘oH$Vam^mdo `Xm Zmonb^m‘ho&{ÌV § VÌ `mo doX g AmË‘m ñdml`ml`…&&

(^mJ.nwam.2&10&8-9)

`hm§ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ Am¡a Am{YX¡{dH$ Ho$ ~mao‘| Vmo A oXH$m {dYmZ hmo ahmh¡ Am¡a Omo Am{Y^m¡{VH$ h¡ Cgo AmÜ`mpË‘H$ Am¡a Am{YX¡{dH$ Ho$ ~rM{dÀN>oXH$Vm©Ho$ ê$n‘| {XIbm`m Om ahm h¡. {dÀN>oX H$B© Vahgo hmo gH$Vm h¡.H$pënV-Amamo{nV Am¡nm{YH$ ñdm^m{dH$ dmñV{dH$ EopÀN>H$ Am{X. na Omo

‘w»` ~mV h¡ {Ogna ‘¢ AmnH$m Ü`mZ AmH¥$îQ> H$aZm Mmhÿ§Jm dh `h {H$""EH$‘² EH$Vam^mdo `Xm Z Cnb^m‘ho {ÌV`§ VÌ `mo doX.''d¡golr‘ÜdmMm ©OrZo hm§ Xygam nmR> ‘mZm h¡. ""EVXoH$V‘m^mdo Xm Zmonb^m‘ho''.`hm§ naÝVw Cg nmR> oXH$s MMm©H$m Adga Zht h¡.

"EH$‘² EH$Vam^mdo' nmR>H$mo hr WmoS>r X¡aHo$ {b o h‘ àm‘m{UH$ nmR> ‘mZH$a Mb| Vmo "EH$‘² EH$Vam^mdo `Xm Z Cnb^m‘ho' Ho$ ~mao‘| lrYañdm‘r H$hVoh¢ {H$ Ñí`Ho$ A^md‘| Ho$db MoVZm ÐîQ>m Zht hmo nmVr. ÐîQ>mHo$ gmW Omo ^rXe©ZHo$ H$aU hmoVo h¢ CZHo$ {~Zm dh Ñí`H$mo XoI Zht gH$Vm. AV… Ñí` ^r{gÕ Zht hmo nmVm. AWm©V² Ñí` Omo Z hmo Vmo ÑpîQ> ^r {gÕ Zht hmo nmVr h¡.Vmo o VrZm| hr ÐîQ>m ÑpîQ> Am¡a Ñí` nañnagmnoj hmoZogo EH$VaHo$ Z hmoZona VrZm|hr Zht ah OmVo h¢.

`hm§ à wŠV eãX ""EH$Vam^mdo EH§$ Z'' Ho$ dmñV{dH$ A{^àm`H$s‘r‘m§gm Amdí`H$ bJVr h¡. {H$gr EH$Ho$ Z ahZona AWm©V² Ñí` `m ÑpîQ> `mÐîQ>m ‘|go {H$gr EH$Ho$ Zht ahZona Š`m VrZm| hr Zht ah OmVo h¢? Š`m EogmA{^àm` hm§ {dd{jV h¡? Š`m|{H$ eãXe… ""EH$Vam^mdo EH§$ Z Cnb^m‘ho''H$hm Om ahm h¡ {H$ ""{ÌV § Z Cnb^m‘ho''.Mathematically : 3-1=0

J{UV {dMmaUr` Adí` bJVm h¡; Š`m|{H$ ""3-1=2'' hmoJm. VrZm|H$mo,naÝVw, gmnoj ‘mZZoHo$ H$maU VrZm| hr Zht ahOmVo `h "EH$‘² EH$Vam^mdo `XmZmonb^m‘ho' dMZ H$m Omo EH$ grYm AÝd`mW© ñ’w$[aV hmoVm h¡ dh Vmo Zht h¡.dh Vmo `m| hr h¡ {H$ "EH§$ Z Cnb^m‘ho'.

(ÐîQ>m m Ñí` ‘| go EH$VaH$s AZwnbpãY à‘mUd¥{Îmgo m A{dÚmd¥{Îmgo) d¡go emS²>H$am|Zo AZwnbpãYH$mo A^mdHo$ kmZ‘| à‘mU ‘mZm h¡ gmo

"AZwnbpãYà‘mUoZVw Ì`mUm‘² A^md‘² Cnb^m‘ho' ñdrH$maZm nSo>Jm.AV… gmao M¡VÝ`ê$n ~«ô‘‘| Vmo `h bjU Om Zht nm oJm Am¡a h‘ à‘mVmAm|‘|A{Vì`mßV hmo OmòJm. Š`m|{H$ AZwnbpãYgo A^md Vmo J¥hrV hmoVm h¡."EH$Vam^mdo `Xm EH§$ Z Cnb^m‘ho' V~ "{ÌV § Z Cnb^m‘ho' AÝd`H¡$go hmo gH$Vm h¡? "EH$‘² EH$Vam^mdo `Xm Zmonb^m‘ho' Ho$Z à‘mUoZ


288 289

Zmonb^m‘ho AZwnbpãYà‘mUoZ. "{ÌV § VÌ `mo doX'. Ho$Z à‘mUoZ doX? Vmo oOmo ^r bm¡{H$H$ à‘mU h¢, ì`mdhm[aH$ à‘mU h¢, CZgo Vmo dh CnbpãY hmoZrgå^d Zht h¡, Aml`VÎdH$mo ^r. Cgo Omo CnbpãY hmoJr dh Vmo ñdàH$meZgoAWm©V² ñdnaàH$meZgo, hr hmoJr. Vmo "{ÌV § VÌ mo doX gAmË‘m ñdml`ml`…'Eogo bjUdmbo VÎdH$s, AZwnbpãYà‘mUgo, h‘| ^r CnbpãY hmo ahr h¡, Vmoh‘‘| ^r ñdml`ml` AmË‘mË‘ {gÕ hmo Om oJm. "h‘|' H$m ‘Vb~ AnZoOrdmË‘mAm|H$m Omo A{Yð>mZ yV gm{jM¡VÝ` CgH$s ~mV ‘¢ Zht H$a ahm hÿ§,à‘mV¥M¡VÝ`H$s ~mV H$a ahm hÿ§. Š`m|{H$ Cg‘| hr AZwnbpãY à‘mUgo {ÌV`H$sCnbpãY gå^d h¡. AV… `h àíZ n`m©ßV {dMmaUr` bJVm h¡.

(Aml`VÎdH$m ldU-‘ZZ-{Z{XÜ`mgZ AWdm ldU-H$sV©Z-ñ‘aU)Am¡a Xygar EH$ ~mV `hm§ Omo Img g‘PZoH$s h¡ {H$ ^mJdVHo$ àmaå^‘| O¡go

`h H$hm J`m {H$ ""gdm©Ë‘m h[a B©ída… lmoVì`…H$s{V©Vì` M ñ‘V©ì` MBÀN>Vm A^`‘²''(^mJ.nwam.2&1&5). d¡go Cn{ZfXm|‘| ""AmË‘m dm Aao ÐîQ>ì`…lmoVì`mo ‘ÝVì`mo {Z{XÜ`m{gVì`…''(~¥h.Cn.2&4&5) H$hm J`m h¡. AmË‘mHo$Xe©Z ldU ‘ZZ Am¡a {Z{XÜ`mgZ m| Cn{XîQ> Wo naÝVw AmË‘mH$mo {X brbmH$Vm©Ho$ê$n‘| XoIZm h¡ Vmo ldU-‘ZZ-{Z{XÜ`mgZ n`m©ßV Zht hmoVo. ^mJdV H$hVrh¡ … ""lmoVì`… H$s{V©Vì`íM ñ‘V©ì` M BÀN>Vm A^`‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.VÌ¡d)ldU H$sV©Z Am¡a ñ‘aU H$aZm n‹S>oJm. `h Am¡n{ZfX Cnm`m|H$m brbmon`moJrê$nmÝVaU h¡. ~mV dhr H$s dhr h¡ A~ AmË‘ñdê$nXe©Z Am¡a AmË‘brbmXe©ZBg‘| Wmo‹S>mgm h‘| oX gmoMZm n‹S>oJm. dhm§ ldUHo$ ~mX ‘ZZ h¡, `hm§ ldUHo$~mX H$sV©Z h¡. dhm§ ‘ZZHo$ ~mX {Z{XÜ`mgZ h¡, `hm§ H$sV©ZHo$ ~mX ñ‘aU AmVmh¡. O¡go AmO àmV…H$mbrZ gÌ‘| AHw$ÊR>ñ‘¥{Vê$n {df`H$s MMm© Mb ahr Wr.dh AHw$ÊR>ñ‘¥{V CgH$s hmoZr Mm{h o {Ogo lram‘mZwOmMm © "Y«wdm-ñ‘¥{V' H$hVoh¢ Cg Vahgo. Vmo Aml`VÎdH$s AHw$ÊR>ñ‘¥{V MbZr Mm{h o. V~ dh CgAmË‘mH$m brbmZwgÝYmZ ~ZoJm. `{X brbmZwgÝYmZ Z H$aZm hmo Vmo V~ VmoCn{ZfX| hr n`m©ßV h¢. {’$a Vmo ^mJdVH$s H$moB© Anojm hr Zht h¡. Vmo Bg""Vñ‘mX² ^maV gdm©Ë‘m ^JdmZ² h[a B©ída…'' ‘| Hw$N> nX Omo ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU©Am o h¢ do h¢ "gdm©Ë‘m h[a… B©ída…' BZna Ü`mZ XoZogo EH$ ~mV g‘P‘| AmVrh¡ {H$ -

gd}fm‘² AmË‘ËdoZ B©ídamo h[a… lmoVì`mo ‘ÝVì`mo {Z{XÜ`m{gVì`…AWdm

gd}fm‘² A{Yð>mZËdoZ B©ídamo h[a… lmoVì`mo ‘ÝVì`mo {Z{XÜ`m{gVì`…AWdm

gd}fm§ ear[aËdoZ B©ídamo h[a… lmoVì`mo ‘ÝVì`mo {Z{XÜ`m{gVì`…AWdm

gd}fm§ H$V¥©ËdoZ B©ídamo h[a… lmoVì`mo ‘ÝVì`mo {Z{XÜ`m{gVì`…AWdm

gd}fm‘² CnmXmZËdoZ B©ídamo h[a… lmoVì`mo ‘ÝVì`mo {Z{XÜ`m{gVì`….

o gmao àH$ma ldU-‘ZZ-{Z{XÜ`mgZHo$ AmË‘{MÝVZ‘| Am¡a AmË‘Xe©Z‘|n ©d{gV hmoVo h¢ ‘Ja AmË‘mH$s Omo brbm h¡ ""`X² Xe©Z§ {ZJ‘ AmË‘ah…àH$me§‘wh² pÝV `Ì H$d`mo@Onam `VÝV…''(^mJ.nwam.12&8&49) Vmo "`Ì `VÝVmoAOnam… H$d`mo ‘wh² pÝV' h Eogm Omo ‘moh àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ Bg ‘mohHo$ {ZamH$aUHo${b o hr ^mJdV EH$ Cnm` àñVwV H$aVr h¡ {H$ ldU H$sV©Z Am¡a ñ‘aU h‘|H$aZm Mm{h o.

XwadJ‘mË‘VÎd{ZJ‘m` VdmÎmVZmo:&M[aV‘hm‘¥VmpãYn[adV©n[al‘Um…&&Z n[abfpÝV Ho${MXndJ©‘{n B©ída VoMaUgamoOh§gHw$bgL²>J{dg¥îQ>J¥hm…&&

(^mJ.nwam.10&87&21)

Bg Ý`m`go Cg brbmH$m brbm{d{eîQ> na‘mË‘mHo$ ñdê$nH$m, H$moB© ‘hÎdh¡. d¡go Vmo brbmH$m ñdê$n ~«ô‘gyÌ‘| ^r ~Vm`m J`m h¡ ""bmoH$dV² VwbrbmH¡$dë`‘²'' (~«.gy.2&1&33) ‘| AÝ` r g^r mî`H$mam|Zo Bg brbmVÎdH$modoXmÝV‘| Bgr Vah ‘mÝ` aIm h¡. dhm§, ‘Ja, brbmVÎdHo$ ldU-‘ZZ-{Z{XÜ`mgZ A{^àoV h¢. mJdV Cgr brbmVÎdH$m ldU-H$sV©Z-ñ‘aU H$aZoH$m


290 291

Cnm` h‘| g‘PmZm MmhVr h¡. Vmo Bggo Hw$N> AÝVa hmo ahm h¡ {H$ Zht hmo ahm,`h ^r h‘| XoIZm hmoJm `h ^mJdVà{VnmXZr` AmË‘mHo$ ñdê$nHo$ {ZYm©aU‘|h‘| ghm`H$ hmoJm `m Zht hmoJm dh {MÝVZ hr AnZm ApÝV‘ Ü o h¡.

EH$ ~mV Am¡a ^mJdVZo ñd § AnZo {df`Ho$ ~mao‘| ~VmB© h¡ …

(4. ^mJdVVmËn © {ZYm©aUmW© MVwW© ñdJVà‘mU) H$Wm B‘mñVo H${WVm ‘hr`gm§ {dVm` bmoHo$fw è… nao wfm‘²&{dkmZd¡am½`{ddj`m {d^mo dMmo{d y{VZ© Vw nma‘mÏ ©‘²&&

(^mJ.nwam.12&3&14)

`hm§ ^mJdV‘| AZoH$mZoH$ ‘hmnwéfm|H$s H$Wm H$hr JB© "H$Wm B‘mñVoH${WVm ‘hr`gm‘²' Am¡a dh H$Wm H¡$gr {H$ "{dVm` bmoHo$fw è… nao wfm‘²'nmoñQ>‘mQ>©‘²Ho$ ê$n‘|. na `h nmoñQ>‘mQ>©‘² {H$g {ddjmgo {H$`m J`m h¡? Vmo^mJdV H$hVr h¡ ""{dkmZd¡am½`{ddj`m {d^mo dMmo{d^y{V… ZVwnma‘mÏ ©‘²''. {dkmZH$s {ddjmgo Am¡a d¡am½`H$s {d{djmgo. AWdm {dkmZAm¡a d¡am½` Ho$ d¥Õ hmoZoH$s gmar H$WmH$m ldU A^r hr h‘ H$a MwHo$ h¢. `h^r ghm`H$ hmo gH$Vm h¡ Bg àgS²>J‘| Bg ~mVH$m {ZYm©aU H$aZo‘| {H$ Omo Zm¢bjU h¢ do bjU {dkmZd¡am½`{ddjmgo H$ho J o h¢. Vmo `hm§ CZ Zm¢ bjUm|H$m|{H$g ê$n‘| boZm? AWm©V² Cg gdm©l`r yV gdm©Ë‘mHo$ "gd}fm‘² AmË‘ËdoZ qH${dkmZ‘²'? AWm©V² {df`{ZYm©aUmW© h‘mao{bò Xmo {ZH$f hm|Jo … EH$ Vmo"gd}fm‘² AmË‘ËdoZ {dkmZ‘²' AWdm "V{XVaofw gd}fw AZmË‘ËdoZ d¡am½`‘²'.A~ o XmoZm| ~mV| `{X h‘ gdm©Ë‘Zm gM ‘mZ boVo h¢ Vmo XoImo H¡$gm {damoYm^mgCâ H$a Am ahm h¡ {dkmZd¡am½`{ddj`m `{X `h H$Wm h¡ Vmo Omo ZdbjUê$nmH$Wm

AÌ gJm} {dgJ©íM ñWmZ§ nmofU‘yV`…&‘ÝdÝVaoemZwH$Wm {ZamoYmo ‘wpŠVaml`…&&

`m Vmo Zm¡H$s Zm¢ H$WmAm|H$mo AmË‘ËdoZ h‘| OmZZm `m ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm.

AWm©V² g^r H$WmAm|‘| {Zê${nV ^JdËñdê$nH$mo "gd}fm‘² AmË‘ËdoZ {dkmZ‘²'ê$n‘| boZm n‹S>oJm. m{Z {H$ ""gXod, gm¡å` BX‘² AJ« AmgrX² EH$‘odm{ÛVr §,Zoh ZmZmpñV {H$ÄMZ, AVmo AÝ`X² AmV©‘²'' AWdm ""gd}fw AZmË‘ËdoZd¡am½`‘²''AW© boZona Z Vmo ldUH$s Z H$sV©ZH$s Am¡a Z ñ‘aUH$s hr H$moB©‘hÎmm ah Om oJr. XmoZm| ~mVm|‘| Hw$N> Z Hw$N> MŠH$a n‹S> ahm h¡. `h h‘ g~H$mo{dMmaZm n‹S>oJm {H$ gd}fw AZmË‘ËdoZ d¡am½`‘² H¡$go hmoJm Am¡a gd}fw AZmË‘ËdoZd¡am½` Zht hþdm Vmo BZ Xm|Zmo dMZm|H$s g§J{V H¡$go ~¡R>oJr "{dkmZd¡am½`{ddj`m'`m| Omo H$WZr` H$sV©Zr` Am¡a ñ‘aUr` gdm©Ë‘m h¡ CgHo$ gdm©Ë‘ËdH$m {Zdm©hH¡$go H$aZm `h ~‹S>r g‘ñ`m ~Z OmVr h¡ gmao doXmÝVm|Ho$ AnZo-AnZo ‘m°So>b² h¢Omo ‘¢Zo AmnHo$ gm‘Zo àñVwV {H$ o. {dko AmË‘mH$mo A{Yð>mZËdoZ ‘mZ bmo Am¡aCgna hmoVo Amamonm|H$mo d¡am½`mh©. Cg AmË‘mH$mo àH$meH$ËdoZ ‘mZ bmo, AWm©V²AmË‘m ñdàH$me h¡ Vmo AmË‘oVa gmao naV…àH$mí` d¡am½`mh© h¢. EH$ earar{dko h¡. Vmo AÝ` gmao eara d¡am½`mh© h¢ EH$ H$Vm© {dko h¡ Vmo AÝ` gmao H$m ©d¡am½`mh© h¢. EH$ CnmXmZ {dko h¡ Vmo AÝ` gmao CnmXo d¡am½`mh© h¢.

Bg à{VnmXZÛmam Omo ~mV ‘¢ AmnHo$ Ü`mZ‘| bmZm MmhVm hÿ§ dh `h {H$`{X h‘ Eogm ‘mZ H$a MbVo h¢ {H$ EH$ nma‘m{W©H$ A{Yð>mZ h¡ Am¡a CgHo$Abmdm Omo Hw$N> h¡ dh Cgna Amamo{nV {‘Ï`m àË`` hmoVm h¡. Vmo o Zm¢ bjUOmo h¢ do na‘mË‘mna {H$ o J o Amamon {gÕ hmoVo h¢. A{dÚmHo$ Amamon hm|, `mewÕgÎdàYmZ ‘m`mHo$ Amamon hm|, `m ‘{bZgËdàYmZ ‘m`mHo$ Amamon hm|, `mCnmgZmW© H$pënV Amamon hm|, O¡go ^r Amamon h¢ BZ gmao Amamonm|H$m A{Yð>mZdh AmË‘m h¡. "Vñ‘mX² maV gdm©Ë‘m JdmZ² h[aarída…' dMZmoŠV h[a {XBZ Amoamonm|H$m A{Yð>mZ hmo Vmo EH$ g§J{V h‘| `hm§ Amoa ~¡R>mZr n‹S>oJr Am¡a dhEogr g§J{V Omo h‘mar Bg YmaUm ‘| Am‹S>o AmVr h¡ {H$ Omo ^mJdVH$m ‘yb yVCnXoe Vmo MVwíbmoH$s‘| ZmamÙZo ~«ô‘mOrH$mo H$hm h¡; Am¡a dhm§ `h ~mVñnîQ>V`m H$hr J`r h¡ -

(EVmdXod {Okmñ`‘²)EVmdXod {Okmñ § VÎd{OkmgwZmË‘Z&AÝd`ì`{VaoH$mä`m§ `V² ñ`mV² gd©Ì gd©Xm&&


292 293

(^mJ.nwam.2&9&35)

(VmËn ©{df`{demoYZH$s Ho$dbmÛ¡Vr à{H«$`m)Omo AÝd`ì`{VaoH$go gd©Xm gd©Ì hmoVm h¡ dhr {Okmñ` h¡. ñdm^m{dH$V`m

Omo gdm©Ë‘m h¡ dh {Okmñ` h¡ Bg‘| Vmo H$moB© g§e`H$m àíZ Zht h¡. {Okmñ` Vmogdm©Ë‘mH$mo hmoZm h¡. `{X dh AÝd`ì`{VaoH$go g~ OJh h¡ Vmo ñdà{VnÝZmonmYm¡Ì¡H$m{bH${ZfoYà{V`mo{JVm CgH$s Jbon{VV hmoVr h¡. dñVwV: Zm¡ bjUm|H$moñdà{VnÝZmonmYm¡ Ì¡H$m{bH${ZfoYà{V`moJr hmoZm Mm{h o Wm. CgHo$ ~Om` `hm§Vmo dh gdm©Ë‘m ñdà{VnÝZmonmYm¡ Ì¡H$m{bH${ZfoYà{V`moJr ~Z J`m Š`m|{H$ Ohm§dh {XIbmB© XoVm h¡ dht dh Zht ^r hmoVm h¡, ^mJdV‘| H$hm J`m h¡ …

à{dîQ>m{Z Aà{dîQ>m{Z VWm Vofw Z Vofw Ah‘²&&(^mJ.nwam.2&9&34)

""Vofw Z Vofw Ah‘²'' Vmo ""`Ì Ah‘² Apñ‘ VÌ¡d Ah§ Zmñ‘r{Vñdà{VnÝZmonmYm¡ Ì¡H$m{bH${ZfoYà{V`mo{JVm'' lr‘YwgyXZ gañdVrÛmam{‘Ï`mËdH$m gwn[a^m{fV bjU AÛ¡V{g{Õ‘| Vmo Eogm hr {‘bVm h¡. AV… `{X{Okmñ` nXmW© "Vofw Z Vofw' h¡ Vmo bjU {‘Ï`m hmoZoHo$ ~Om` bú` {‘Ï`m hmoZoOm ahm h¡ `h EH$ Jå^ra g‘ñ`m h‘mao gm‘Zo CR> I‹S>r hmoVr h¡. h‘| Y¡ ©nyd©H${dMma H$aZm n‹S>oJm. lrJm¡V‘^mB© AÀN>r ~mV H$h aho h¢ … "`hr Vmo{déÕY‘m©l`Vm h¡'. na {déÕY‘m©l` {gÕ hmo Om o V~ Vmo H$moB© {MÝVmH$s~mV Zht h¡. "VWm Vofw Z Voîdh‘²' h Vmo EH$ dh ‘m°S>b² h¡ Ohm§ A{Yð>mZ Am¡aAmamon Ho$ ^mdgo `m{Z {H$ gdm©Ë‘Ëd{dkmZ Am¡a AZmË‘Ëd‘ybH$ d¡am½` H$s{ddjm CZ gma| Zm¢ Ho$ Zm¢ ñH$ÝYm|‘| ñdrH$maZr n‹S>oJr. `h EH$ g‘ñ`m h‘maogm‘Zo AmVr h¡.

(VmËn`©{demoYZH$s {d{eîQ>mÛ¡Vr à{H«$`m) Cgr Vahgo eara-ear[a^mdHo$ gÝX ©‘| ^r h‘ WmoS>mgm Hw$N> {dMma H$a

gH$Vo h¢. Am¡a dh {dMma `h h¡ {H$ O¡go eara-ear[a^mdH$mo bo H$a Mb| Vmodhm § `h H$hm J`m h ¡ … """Xe‘ñ`'=Aml`ñ` na~«ô‘Umo

"{dewÕ² Wª'=emoYZmW© gå`Šà{VnÎ`Wª àmYmÝ`mV² VXW}Z à{VnmXZmV²Z emóôX…''. emóôX Š`m| Zht hþdm? Bg{bò Š`m|{H$ Aml`VÎdH$sgå`H²$ à{Vn{Îm H$aZr h¡. `hm§ {demoYZH$m ‘Vb~ {‘Ï`m AmamonHo$ ~mYnyd©H$A{Yð>mZH$m VÎdkmZ Zht. `hm§ Vmo earaH$mo O~ h‘ Aml`VÎdmYrZ,Aml`VÎdm`ÎmpñW{VH$, Aml`VÎdm`Îmàd¥{ÎmH$; VWm, Aml`VÎdHo$ earahmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| g‘P|Jo Vmo eararH$m h‘| gå`ŠV`m ~moY hmoJm. AÝ`Wm eararH$mgå`H²$V`m ~moY hr Zht hmoJm. `h Xygar ar{V {demoYZH$s h¡.

Bg {demoYZH$s ar{V‘| EH$ ~mV Img Ü`mZ‘| boZo bm`H$ h¡ {H$ ""^JdmZ²AmË‘m EVo earamË‘H$m…'' ‘Ja Ü`mZgo h‘ XoI| Vmo {Û{dY àH$maHo$ kmZ{d{eîQ>mÛ¡VgåàXm`Zo ^r ‘mÝ` {H$ò h¢… namoj Am¡a Anamoj. Vmo "EH$‘²EH$Vam^mdo `Xm Zmonb^m‘ho, {ÌV § `Ì `mo doX g AmË‘m ñdml`ml`…'

dMZ {’$ago `hm§ AZwgÝYo ~Z OmVm h¡ {H$ "`Ú{n AnamojkmZoZ EH§$Zmonb^m‘ho VWm{n namojkmZoZ Vw ZyZ‘² Cnb^m‘ho'. Vmo àË`joU `{XCnbå^ Z ^r hmoVm na namojmonbå^ Vmo eŠ` hr h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| {ÌV`H$mkmZ Vmo h‘| ^r hmoVm hr h¡. A~ gmdYmZrHo$ gmW XopI o `h eV© h¡ :"`XmEH§$ Z Cnb^m‘ho VXm {ÌV § `mo doX'. AÝ`Wm BXmZrÝVw d`‘{n {ÌV`‘²Cnb^m‘ho. `h BgH$s ~hmoV ñno{g{’$H²$ eV© h¡. AWm©V² EH$Vam^mdo EH§$ ZCnb^m‘ho VXm {ÌV § mo doX g AmË‘m ñdml`ml`…. Vmo Omo ~mV AmnHo$ gm‘ZoàñVwV H$aZm Mmhÿ§Jm {H$ "EH$Vam^mdo'H$s pñW{V Xmo pñW{VAm|‘| AmVr h¡.`m{Z ""`Vmo dm B‘m{Z yVm{Z Om`ÝVo oZ OmVm{Z OrdpÝV'' Ho$ ~mX `m Vmo"`Ëà`pÝV' H$s EH$ pñW{V AmVr h¡ AWdm Xygar "A{^g§{depÝV' pñW{VAmVr h¡. AWm©V² `m Vmo O~ ñWyb {MX{MX²H$m àb` hmo OmVm h¡ V~, `m H$moB©OrdmË‘m ‘wpŠV nm boVr h¡ V~, EH$Vam^mdH$s pñW{V AmVr h¡. CgHo$ {~Zm Vmo"EH$Vam^mdo'H$s pñW{V Am Zht gH$Vr. Š`m|{H$ BXmZrÝVw dh pñW{V Am ZhtgH$Vr Š`m|{H$ VrZm| h¢ hr. ÐîQ>m ^r h¡, Ñí` ^r h¡ Am¡a ggmYZm ÑpîQ> ^r h¢.Hw$N> bmoJ Bgo Am{YX¡{dH$ gy m©{X XodVmHo$ ê$n‘| boVo h¢. {Og Vahgo boZm hmodh EH$ AbJ H$Wm h¡. g¥pîQ>H$mb‘|, ‘Ja, VrZm| CnbãY h¢. g¥pîQ>go àmH²$VrZm| CnbãY Zht h¢ gmo "EH$Vam^mdo EH§$ Zmonb^m‘ho' ~mV dhm§ ^r ~ZVr Zht


294 295

h¡. Vmo "EH$Vam^mdo'H$m dhm§ gdmb hr n¡Xm Zht hmoVm h¡. ñWyb Xm|Zm| hr V~Zht h¡. {MV² ^r Zht h¡ Am¡a A{MV² ^r Zht h¡. Am¡a ""{ÌV § VÌ `mo doXeararVw VXmZt AmË‘mZ§ AmË‘oVa§ gyú‘§ A{MV² {MV² M B{V {ÌV § doX.''Cg‘| Vmo H$moB© gÝXoh Zht h¡ {H$ "earar Vw doX' ‘Ja `h pñW{V AmVr H$~ h¡?`h h‘| XoIZm n‹S>oJm {H$ `m Vmo ÐîQ>m ‘m¡OyX h¡ Am¡a Ñí` brZ hmoZo Om ahm h¡V~ "EH$‘oH$Vam^mdo' H$s pñW{V Am oJr `m ÐîQ>m ñd § brZ hmo ahm h¡ naÑí` ‘m¡OyX h¡. V~ "EH$‘oH$Vam^mdo' H$s pñW{V AmVr h¡. "VXm {ÌV § `modoX' `m{Z {H$ ÐîQ>mH$mo ^r Ñí`H$mo ^r Am¡a ÑpîQ>H$mo ^r VrZm|H$mo Omo OmZVm h¡Cg AdñWm‘| Cgo ñdml`ml` AmË‘m ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm.

(ÐîQ>m `m Ñí`‘| go EH$VaH$m A^md,‘wpŠV/b`, {dZme `m ~mY?) `h Ü`mZnyd©H$ XoIZo bm`H$ H$Wm h¡ {H$ ‘wpŠVH$m Ohm§ VH$ gdmb h¡, dhm§

ÐîQ>mH$m ~mY hmo ahm h¡ `m Zht? `{X ~mY hmoVm hmo Vmo ñdml`ml` H$m¡Z h¡ OmoXoIVm h¡ ÐîQ>mH$mo. V~ Vmo EH$Vam^mdê$nm ‘wpŠV hþ r H$s Zht hþ r? Š`m|{H${’$a à{V^mg hmoZm Jbon{VV hmo Om oJm. Am¡a Ohm§ VH$ {d{eîQ>mÛ¡VHo$ ÑpîQ>H$moUH$mgdmb h¡ dhm§ `h ~mV H$m’$s hX VH$ ‘mZr Om gH$Vr h¡ {H$ EH$VaHo$ A^mdhmo OmZona O~ EH$H$m Cnbå^ Z hmoVm hmo V~ VrZm|H$m {Ogo kmZ hmo Cgo Aml`g‘P boZm Mm{h o. ÐîQ>m, naÝVw, O~ ñd § ~m{YV hmo ahm hmo Vmo V~ VrZm|H$moH$m¡Z-H¡$go OmZ nm oJm? Š`m Aml`? dh Vmo OmZ hr Zht nm oJm Š`m|{H$ ÐîQ>mVmo ~m{YV hmo J`m ~m{YVmZwd¥{Îmgo OmZo OmZoH$s ~mV {d{eîQ>mÛ¡V‘| Vmo gmoMr^r Zht Om gH$Vr h¡. Bg ~m{YVmZwd¥{ÎmH$m ~hþV gwÝXa {ddoMZ AÛ¡{VAm|Zo{H$`m h¡ ""~mYmW©gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`'' BgH$m CXmhaU ""`… Mmoa… g ñWmUw:''O¡go h‘ {H$gr gwZgmZ ‘mJ©na Om aho hm| Am¡a AÝYoao‘| h‘H$mo H$moB© Mmoa m S>H¡$VO¡gm amñVm amoH$ H$a I‹S>m hþdm {XIbm`r Xo naÝVw CgHo$ nmg nhm|MZona ~¡Q>ar/Q>moM©² Omo‹S> boZona h‘ H$h XoVo h¢ {H$ "Aao ^mB© Omo S>H¡$V amñVm amoH$ H$a I‹S>mhþdm Wm dh Vmo `h gyIo no‹S>H$m VZm h¡'. `h ~mYmW©gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ` AWm©V²Omo S>H¡$Vê$n AW© ~m{YV hmo J`m h¡ Cgo hr nwZ… no‹S>Ho$ VZoHo$ ê$n‘| ^r ñdrH$mamOm ahm h¡. Eogm gdm©l` yV, gd©gmjr yV, gdm©{Yð>mZ yV na‘mË‘m‘| gå^dZht h¡. ~mYmW©gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ` à{V^mg Vmo à‘mVmH$mo hr hmo gH$Vm h¡ gmjr yVM¡VÝ`‘| ~mYmW©gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ` à{V^mg Zht hmoVm h¡. ~m{YV dñVw

Ì ¡H$m{bH${Zf oYà{V`m oJr hm o OmVr h ¡. Zht Vm o ñdà{VnÝZm onmYm ¡Ì¡H$m{bH${ZfoYà{V`mo{JVm hr {gÕ Zht hmoJr, `{X ~mYmWm©Zwd¥{Îm hmo Vmo.à‘mVmH$mo ~mYmWm©Zwd¥{Îm hmo gH$Vr h¡ gm{jM¡VÝ`‘| ~m{YVmW©H$s `{X àVr{VhþB© Vmo ~m{YVmW© àVrV hmoZo bJ Om oJm. Š`m|{H$ àVr{VHo$ Abmdm Vmo ZÐîQ>mH$m H$moB© ñdê$n hmoVm h¡, Z Ñí`H$m H$moB© ñdê$n; Am¡a, Z ÑpîQ>-H$aUH$mhr H$moB© ñdê$n.

(VmËn ©{df`Ho$ {demoYZH$s Ho$dbÛ¡Vr à{H«$`m) AmË‘mH$mo `{X h‘ H$Vm© ‘mZ boVo h¢ Vmo EH$ ~mV {dMmaZoH$s h‘mao gm‘Zo

AmVr h¡ {H$ "gdm©Ë‘m' nXH$mo lr‘ÜdmMm`©OrZo Am¡a {dO`ÜdOZo XmoZm|ZoJm¡Uà`moJ hr ‘mZm h¡. lr‘ÜdmMm ©H$m Vmo ñd §H$m lr^mJdVVmËn © CnbãYh¡ Cg‘| `h CëboI {‘bVm h¡.

Û¡VdoXmÝV‘| AmË‘m Bg ar{Vgo ì`mßV h¡ O¡go AmH$me. "VWm Vofw Z Voîdh‘²Cg AW©‘| ^r gdm©Ë‘Ëd gË` ‘mZm h¡. O¡go {~pëS§>J²‘| Omo `h AmH$me h¡ Eogogd©ì`mnr hmoZoHo$ H$maU na‘mË‘m {g’©$ H$Vm© hr Zht h¡ gd©ì`mnr ^r h¡.gd©ì`mnr hmoZoHo$ H$maU Omo r Hw$N> h ZdbjUb{jV brbm | gJ©-{dgJm©{XH$sCZ‘| h¡ Am¡a hmoVo hþdo ^r dh AmH$meH$s Vah Zht ^r hmo gH$Vr h¡, ì`mnH$hmoZoHo$ H$maU. `hm§ naÝVw EH$ ~mV g‘P boZr Mm{h o {H$ {H$gr VÎdH$m ì`mnH$hmoZm CgHo$ AmË‘VÎd hmoZoH$m à‘mU hmoVm Vmo AmH$me ^r h‘mar AmË‘m hmoVr.{H$gr VÎdH$m ì`mnH$ hmoZm AmË‘ËdH$m n[aMm`H$ hmoVm Vmo AmH$meH$mo h‘marAmË‘mHo$ ê$n‘| ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. AmH$me Vmo h‘mar AmË‘m hmoVm Zht h¡ AmH$meh‘mao ^rVa hmo Vmo ^r. Ho$db ì`mnH$Vm AmË‘ËdH$m n[aMm`H$ Zht hmoVr. `hm§`h H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ "gdm©Ë‘m' Am¡a "VWm Vofw Z Vofw' `h AnZ² {àÁ y‘² H$aHo$Mb|. Š`m|{H$ Vofw H$W§? AmË‘V`m Z Vofw H$W‘²? Z Vofw Ah‘² ‘| lr‘ÜdmMm ©OrH$m Omo ñQ>oÝS> h¡ dh H$m’$s OpñQ>’$mB©S> h¡ {H$ CZ‘| ì`mnH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU dhh¡ ^r Am¡a Zht ^r h¡. ^rVa ^r h¡ Am¡a ~mha ^r h¡ ""AÝV~©{híM VËgdªì`mß` ZmamÙ pñWV:'' Vmo ì`mnH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU dh ^rVa ^r h¡ ~mha ^rh¡. ‘Ja AmË‘Ëd‘| Hw$N> Z Hw$N> bjUm-Jm¡Ur d¥{Îm H$aZr nSo>Jr. Š`m|{H$ {~ZmbjUm-Jm¡Ur {H$ò Ho$db ì`mnH$ hmoZogo AmË‘ËdH$m {Zdm©h Wmo‹S>m Xw…eH$


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bJVm h¡. `h gmar Omo H${R>ZmB© m§ h¢ CgH$mo g‘PZm h¡.

(VmËn ©{df`{demoYZmW© Ad{eîQ> Û¡VmÛ¡Vr {deofmÛ¡Vr A{d^mJmÛ¡Vr à{H«$`m) lr^mñH$amMm ©H$s Vmo H$moB© Q>rH$m ^mJdVna A°dobo~b² Zht h¡ Am¡a Z

lrH$aH$s, Omo H$Um©Q>H$Ho$ e¡d hþdo. Bgr Vahgo H$mí‘radmbm e¡d àË`{^kmXe©Zh¡ Am¡a {dkmZ{^jwH$m Omo AmH$memon‘ ~«ô‘à{VnmXH$ A{d^mJmÛ¡VXe©Z VXZwgmarì`m»`m ^r {‘bVr Zht h¡. g^r ‘yV© nXmWm]H$m AmH$me EH$ Ag§g¥îQ> AmYmahmoVm h¡. dh ‘yV©nXmW©go g§g¥îQ> AmYma Zht h¡. lrn{V ^JdËnmXmMm ©Zo Bg~mVH$m ~hmoV gwÝXa {ddoMZ {H$`m h¡ {H$ Hw$N> doXmÝVr g§g¥îQ>monmXmZdmXr hmoVoh¢ Am¡a Hw$N> Ag§g¥îQ>monmXmZdmXr. h‘mao `hm§ ewÕmÕ¡VdmX‘| Cgo Bg VahgodJuH¥$V {H$`m OmVm h¡ … {dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmX Am¡a A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘dmX.{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘ Am¡a A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘ H$m Omo à oX h¡ Cgo h‘ H¡$go g‘P|? BgH$mEH$ grYm gm dJuH$aU emS²>H$am|Zo ^r ""gVÎdVmo AÝ`WmàWm "{dH$ma' B{VCXr[aVm AVÎdVmo AÝ`WmàWm "{ddV©' B{V CXr[aVm'' {X`m h¡. AVÎdV…AÝ`WmàWm {ddV© h¡ Am¡a gVÎdV… AÝ`WmàWm {dH$ma h¡. h‘mar YmaUmHo$AZwgma BgHo$ Abmdm ^r EH$ àH$ma h¡ {H$ Hw$N> H$m © AnZo H$maUHo$ ‘m¡{bH$ê$nH$mo N>mo‹S> H$a H$m ©V`m àH$Q> hmoVo h¢ O¡go XyY‘|go Xhr. Hw$N> H$m © AnZoH$maUJV ‘m¡{bH$ ê$nHo$ Ë`mJ {~Zm H$m ©ê$noU àH$Q> hmoVo h¢ O¡go gwdU©‘|goAm yfU. Bgo "A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘' h‘ H$hVo h¢. Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmX‘| naÝVw {dH$maAm¡a {ddV© ‘| `h ì`mdhm[aH$ à oX Vmo ‘mÝ` aIm hr J`m h¡. O~ ì`mdhm[aH$à oX ‘mÝ` aIm h¡ {’$a^r Omo {dH$ma hmo dh A{ZË` hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Omo A{ZË`hmo Cgo A{Yð>mZmamoß`^md‘| {’$Q> H$a XoZm Wmo‹S>r Ym§Ybr bJVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ Wmo‹S>rYraOgo, O¡go doX H$hVm h¡ ""AOm`‘mZmo ~hþYm {dOm`Vo Vñ` Yram…n[aOmZpÝV mo{Z‘²'' (V¡{Îm.Ama.3&13&3). AOm`‘mZmo ~hþYm H$W§ {dOm`Vo?Hw$N> YraO aIo {~Zm ~mV g‘P‘| Zht Am oJr. Am¡a dh Y¡ © Š`m h¡ dhgmoMZoHo$ {b o ‘wPo bJVm h¡ {H$ `h Omo gmao ‘m°S>b² h¢, CnmXmZ-CnmXo ^mdHo$do ~hmoV Á`mXm ghm`H$ hmo gH$Vo h¡. Bg AW©‘|, A~ dh Ag§g¥îQ> hmo, O¡goam‘mZwO‘V Am¡a ‘mÜd‘V Ho${bò lrn{V^JdËnmXmMm`© H$hVo h¢ {H$ doAg§g¥îQ>n[aUm‘dmXr h¢. {dkmZ{^jw ^r Ag§g¥îQ>n[aUm‘dmXr h¢. AWdmg§g¥îQ>monmXmZmonmXo ^md ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡. Bg gÝX ©‘| ‘¢ H$hZm Mmhÿ§Jm {H$ h‘

g§g¥îQ>n[aUm‘dmXr h¢. Vmo g§g¥îQ>n[aUm‘ hmo Ag§g¥îQ>n[aUm‘ hmo O¡gm r n[aUm‘hmo naÝVw ‘w»` ‘wÔm Bg‘| g‘PZoH$m hr AmVm h¡ {H$ O¡go bha| g‘wÐ‘| n¡Xm hmoVrh¢. bham|go g‘wÐ g§g¥îQ> hr hmoVm h¡. bha| g‘wÐH$m EH$ g§g¥îQ>n[aUm‘ h¡. g‘wÐAnZo ‘m¡{bH$ ê$nH$mo N>mo‹S> H$a dfm© ~ZVm h¡ d¡go bhaê$n YmaU H$aVo g‘ÀnZm ‘m¡{bH$ ê$n g‘wÐH$mo N>mo‹S>Zm Zht n‹S>Vm. AV… g§g¥îQ>monmXmZ hmoZoHo$gmW-gmW A{dH¥$Vn[aUm‘V`m g‘wÐ‘| bha| àH$Q> hmoVr h¢. BgHo$ {dnarV {OgAmH$me‘| KQ> n¡Xm hmoVm h¡ Cggo dh AmH$me g§g¥îQ> Zht hmoVm, Ag§g¥îQ> ahVmh¡. Eogo Xmo ‘moS>b² gOoñQ> {H$ o Om gH$Vo h¢. Vmo CnmXmZ-CnmXo ^md‘| Ag§g¥îQ>boZm g§g¥îQ> boZm `h {’$ago {dMmaUr` {df` h¡.

(gd}fm‘² CnmXmZËdoZ AmË‘ê$nmo h[a lmoVì`:) na ‘¢ `h àñVwV H$aZm Mmhÿ§Jm {H$ CnmXmZ-CnmXo ^md‘| `{X g§g¥pîQ> h‘

boVo h¢ Vmo XmoZm| ~mVH$m {Zdm©h ghOV`m hmo gH$Vm h¡. Bg Vah {H$ dh AmË‘m^r ~Z nm oJm Am¡a A{Yð>mZ ^r, H$Vm© ^r ~Z gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a H$m © ^r. eara^r ~Z OmZona earar ^r ah hr gH$Vm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ""VV² g¥îQ²>dm VXodAZwàm{deV², VX² AZwà{dí` gV² M Ë`V² M A^dV², {ZéŠV§ M A{ZéŠV§M, {Zb`Z§ M A{Zb`Z§ M, {dkmZ§ M A{dkmZ§ M gË § M AZ¥V§ MgË`‘² A^dV²''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6) Vmo `h ‘m°S>b² O~ h‘ nH$‹S>Vo h¢ Vmo Omo Hw$N>~Zm h¡ dh dhr Vmo ~Zm h¡ Am¡a ‘hmà w ~hmoV gwÝXa EH$ à{VnmXZ Bg ~mao‘|H$aVo h¡ {H$ ""àË`jmÑîQ>{df o nXmWm©… lw{VJmoMam nañna§ {déÕm Vo ZEH$eof§ ÔpÝV {h C^`mo d¡{XH$ËdoZ H$… ñ`mX² AÌ {Z`m‘H$… {dMmaH$mZm§~w{ÕñVw gmonOrì`m lwVo… gXm {H«$`m{dÚmnaËdo Vw {dH$ënoZ¡H$dmŠ`Vm.Xwï>mo@ß`mlr`Vo njmo {dH$ënm»`… lwVo~©bmV². VW¡d JdÐÿn§ Wm hñVmX`…n¥WH²$. `Wm gdm©{damoY… ñ`mV² VW¡dm@Ì {dMmaU‘². gd©ê$ng‘W©Ëd‘Vmo~«÷{U Jr`Vo. AÝ`Wm à{V^mZ§ `XwÀMZrMm{X oXV…. VX² mZ§ Vñ` H$Vm©M h[aaod VWm{dY…. `pËH${#mÔÿfU§ ËdÌ Xyî`§ Mm@{n h[a… ñd`‘².{déÕnjm… gd}@{n gd©‘² AÌ¡d emo Vo. `mo@d{eî oV gmo@ñå`h{‘{V. ''(^mJ. gw~mo. 2&9&32) `{X H$ht {damoY IS>m hmo ahm h¡ Vmo H$‘©‘| O¡go ""C{XVoOwhmo{V''-""AZw{XVo-Owhmo{V'' ‘| {dH$ën ‘mÝ` H$a {b`m OmVm h¡. d¡go hr~«ô‘{Zê$nU‘| ^r `{X H$ht {damoYm^mg àVrV hmoVm hmo Vmo ~«ô‘ñdê$n‘| ^r


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{dH$ënoZ C^`Wm ñdrH$ma H$aZm Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ h‘ H$m¡Z H$hZodmbo hmoVo h¢ {H$~«ô‘H$mo H¡$gm hmoZm `m H¡$gm Zht hmoZm Mm{h o

(Cng§hma) h‘ O~ r Hw$N> H$hZo Om |Jo {H$ ~«ô‘ H¡$gm h¡ Vmo m Vmo h‘ ~«ô‘à{VnmXH$

emóm|H$m nmoñQ²>‘mQ>©‘² H$a X|Jo `m {’$a ~«ô‘H$mo Ho$db A‘¥V ‘mZ H$a hr Mb|Jo.""AWmV AmXoemo "Zo{V-Zo{V' Z h² oVñ‘m{X{V ZoË`Ý`V² na‘² ApñV'' O~h‘ H$moB© ^r EH$ ñQ>oÝS²> b|Jo Vmo {’$ago Cn{ZfX² h‘| `h H$hoJm {H$ ^mB© BVZmhr Zht h¡ ~hþV Hw$N> AmJo ^r h¡. {gVmam|go AmJo Ohm§ Am¡a ^r h¡ A^rBíH$Ho$ BåVhm§ Am¡a ^r h¢...

12

Ý`m`mb`g§KQ>Zm VËgä`mZm§ M H$V©ì`m{Z(ñ‘mVm©Yw{ZH$àUmë`mo… Vm¡b{ZH$mo {d‘e©…)

(‘§JbmMaU‘²)

Yå ª dm Ý`mæ`‘{ndm `ËH¥$nmàoaUmX² OZ…&‘mJ©‘mßZmo{V gdm©ÝV`m©{‘U§ V‘wnmñ‘ho&&

(CnH«$‘…)OS>dñVwñd^mdoZ OmV§ H$‘© {H«$`moÀ`Vo&kmZoÀN>m`ËZOm `m Vw {H«$`m gm {h H¥${V‘©Vm&&H¥${V… nañ‘¡ MoX² `m Vw naoîQ>m{ZîQ>H$m[aUr&ì`dhmanXdr‘mßVm {dMm ©{df`mÌ d¡&&nwam Vw amOm amÁ § dm XÊS>mo dm XmpÊS>H$mo@{n dm&ì`dhmao Z H$mo@ß`mgrX² Y‘©ZrVm… àOm… ñdV…&&Y‘©ñ` {ZîR>meŠË`mo{h© õmgíMmÌ wJo- wJo&emñÌofw ly Vo VÌ ‘r‘m§ñ § ñ`mV² H$bm¡ Zw {H$‘²&&

BX‘² AÌ AdYo § ^d{V : H$sÑemo {h ì`dhmamo Yå`m} dm Ý`mæ`mo dmH$sÑeñVw nwZ… AVWm B{V EVmÑí`m§ {dà{VnÎmm¡ g‘wX²JVm`m§ gË`m§ Û`mo…nwéf`mo… dm VËg‘wXm``mo… dm {‘Wmo {ddX‘mZ`mo… H$VañVmdV² BVañ` H¥$VodñVwVmo {h A{ZîQ>§ ì`dhma§ H$amo{V H$Vamo {h VWm AHw$d©Ë`{n BVaopñ‘Z²{‘Ï`m{^`moJnyd©H§$ ñd § dm ñdr § g‘wXm`‘² dm Amhÿ AÝ § dm H$pÄMX² amOmZ§dm XÊS>m{YH$m[a‘ÊS>b§ dm AmdoÚ V§ nwéfmÝVa§ VËg‘wXm`mÝVa§ dm XÊS>{`Vw‘²

Cng§hma


300 301

CÚVmo ^d{V MoV² VXm VÌ A{ZîQ>H$m[aUmo dm {‘Ï`m{^g§{eZmo dmAZw{MVàd¥Î` wne‘m` H o $Z{MX ² J «ÝW{Z~ÕV`m VX{Z~ÕV`m dm{n1Yå ©ì`dhma{d{YZm dm Ý`mæ`ì`dhma{d{YZm dm {dVì`‘². 2àOmgw {ddX‘mZ`mo…{h ‘Ü o Yå`m©Yå ©gÝXohmonpñWVm¡ àOmnmbZm¡n{`H${d{Y{dkñ` {ZU© epŠVZm{n^{dVì`‘². 3{ddmXmonem‘H${ZU©`mZwamoYoZ {ZanamYajUm` VWmM Anam{YZoIbw XÊS>àXmZm` epŠV‘Îm`m{n Ho$Z{MX² ^{dVì`‘² B{V, `Wm AmYw{ZHo$ wJoDivisions of the triple pawers of the Legislation, Judication andExicution. B{V A{^Jå`Vo, EH$ñ` H$Xm{MV² Šd{MV² njnm{VËdo@{n AÝ`ñ`VmÑ½^mdm^mdgå^doZ Ý`màjmgå^dmV². Ed‘od Añ‘mH§$ amîQ´>o@{n nwam B©Ñerì`dñWm Z Zm{^H$pënVm. VWmM CÀ`Vo :

({ÌYm g§{d^mJ… àOmnmbZm¡n{`H$gm‘Ï`m©Zm‘²) ""AamOHo$ {h bmoHo$ Apñ‘Z² gd©Vmo {dÐþVo ^`mV² ajmW©‘od

gd©ñ` amOmZ‘² Ag¥OV² à w…... Vñ‘mX² Y‘ª ‘² BîQ>ofw g ì`dñ oX²Zam{Ynmo, A{ZîQ>§ Mm{n A{ZîQ>ofw, V§ Y‘ª Z {dMmb oV². VñÀW} gd© yVmZm§ JmoßVma§ Y‘©‘² AmË‘O§ ~«ô‘VoOmo‘ § XÊS>‘² Ag¥OV²nyd©‘² B©ída…. Vñ` gdm©{U yVm{Z ñWmdam{U Mam{U M ^`mX²^moJm` H$ënÝVo ñdY‘m©X² Z MbpÝV M. V§ XoeH$mbm¡ epŠV§ M{dÚm§ M Adoú` VÎdV… Wm Ah©V… g§àU oX² Zaofw AÝ`m`d{V©fw.g amOm nwéfmo XÊS>…, g ZoVm em{gVm M g…, MVwUm©‘² Aml‘mUm§M Y‘©ñ` à{V y… ñ‘¥V…. XÊS>… empñV àOm… gdm©…, XÊS>EdA{âj{V, XÊS>… gwßVofw OmJ{V©, XÊS§> Y‘ª {dXw… ~wYm…. V§ amOmàU`Z² gå`H²$ {ÌdJ}U A{^dY©Vo, H$m‘mË‘m {df‘… jwÐmoXÊSo>Z¡d {ZhÝ`Vo... gmo Aghm oZ ‘yT>oZ bwãYoZ AH¥$V~w{ÕZm ZeŠ`mo Ý`m`Vmo ZoVw§ gŠVoZ {dfòfw M, ew{MZm gË`gÝYoZ`WmemñÌmZwgm[aUm àUoVw§ eŠ`Vo XÊS>… gwghm oZ Yr‘Vm''.

(‘Zwñ‘¥.7&3-31)

àemgH$ñ` àOmemgZ`mo½`Vm`mo½`Vo :EVmÑemo amÁ`H$Vw©… amOnXmh©VmZh©VoA{n emñÌo g{dñVa§ gw{MpÝVV¡d. VWm{h

: ""Ì¡{dÚoä`… Ì`t {dÚm§, XÊS>ZrqV M emídVt, AmÝdr{jH$s¨

M AmË‘{dÚm§, dmVm©aå^mZ² (H¥${fdm{UÁ`newnmbZm{X- dmVm©…)M bmoH$V… (Aä`goV²). Xe H$m‘g‘wËWm{Z VWm AîQ>m¡ H«$moYOm{ZM ì`gZm{Z XwaÝVm{Z à`ËZoZ {ddO©òV². H$m‘Oofw àgŠVmo {hì`gZofw ‘hrn{V… {d`wÁ`Vo AW©Y‘m©ä`m§ H«$moYOofw AmË‘Z¡d Vw.1‘¥J`m 2Ajmo 3{XdmñdßZ… 4n[admX… 5pñÌ`mo 6‘X… 7Vm¡`©{ÌH§$(ñdH$V©ì`namL²>‘wIH$aoU Vm¡`©{ÌH$a§OZm{VaoHo$Z) 8d¥WmQ²>çm MH$m‘Omo XeH$m o JU…. 1n¡eyÝ` § 2gmhg§ 3Ðm oh… 4B ©î`m ©(AÝ`JwUmg{hîUwVm) 5Agy`m (naJwUofw Xmofm{dîH$aU‘² )6AW©XyfU§ 7dm½XÊS>O§ M 8nméî § H«$moYOmo@{n JUmo AîQ>H$…''.

(‘Zwñ‘¥.7&43-48).

Ed‘² àOmàemgZm¡n{`H$JwUgånÝZo XwJ©wU¡íM a{hVo nwéfo gdm©Ê`{nàemgZm¡n{`H$gm‘Ï`m©{Z EH$ZrS>VmnÝZm{Z gÝË`{n VoZ¡d Ibw àemgHo$Zg§{d^mÁ` g§ñWmnZr`m{Z BË`{n {gÕmÝV….

3{ddmXmonem‘H${ZU©`mZwamoYoZ {ZanamYajUm` VWmM Anam{YZo IbwXÊS>àXmZm` {H«$`mepŠV… :

""‘m¡bmZ² emñÌ{dX… eyamZ² bãYbjmZ² Hw$bmoX² dmZ² g{MdmZ²gßV M AîQ>m¡ dm àHw$duV nar{jVmZ². A{n `V² gwH$a§ H$‘© VX{nEHo$Z XwîH$a§, {deofVmo AghmòZ {H$ÝVw amÁ`§ ‘hmoX`§, V¡… gmYª{MÝVòV² {ZË`§, gm‘mÝ`§ gpÝY{dJ«h§ ñWmZ§ g‘wX`§ JwpßV§bãYàe‘Zm{Z M. Vofm§ ñd§-ñd‘² A{^àm`‘² Cnbä` n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$g‘ñVmZm§ M H$m }fw {dXÜ`mX² {hV‘² AmË‘Z…. gd}fmÝVw {d{eîQ>oZ~«mô‘UoZ {dnpíMVm ‘ÝÌ oV² na‘§ ‘ÝÌ§ amOm fmS²>JwÊ`(gpÝY§ M{dJ«h§ M¡d `mZ‘² AmgZ‘od M Û¡Yr^md§ g§l § M)g§ wV‘². {ZË §Vpñ‘Z² g‘mídñV… gd©H$m`m©{U {Z{jnoV². VoZ gmYª {d{ZpíMË`VV… H$‘© g‘ma oV²''.

Ý`m`mb`g§KQ>Zm VËgä`mZm§... gmH$ma ~«÷dmX

302 303

(‘Zwñ‘¥.7&54-59)

2àOmgw {ddX‘mZ`m o… {h ‘Üò Yå`m ©Yå`©gÝXoh oàOmnmbZm¡n{`H${d{Y{dkñ` {ZU©èpŠV… :

Ed§ àemgZH$‘©Um àOmnmbZnamo {h àOmgw {‘W… àdV©‘mZofw ì`dhmaofw MŠd{MV²-H$`mopíMX² ‘Ü o {ddmXmoX² do VXwne‘Zm` VËnamo Z ^d{V MoX² AÝVVmoàOmgw am{k {ZîR>mj`… Šboem` M amîQ´>monÐdm`¡d M ñ`m{X{V ñ‘¥{VH$ma¡…gdm}nÐdmone‘Zm` AîQ>mXe ì`dhmaofw {ddmXmñnXm{Z nXm{Z à{Vnm{XVm{Z :

""Vofm‘² AmÚ§ 1F$UmXmZ§ 2{Zjonmo 3Añdm{‘{dH«$`… 4gå yM g‘wËWmZ§ 4XÎmñdmZnH$‘© M 5doVZñ`¡d M AXmZ§ 6g§{dX… Mì`{VH«$‘… 7H«$`{dH«$`mZwe`mo, {ddmX…, 8ñdm{‘nmb`mo…9gr‘m{ddmXY‘©… 10nméî o 11XÊS>dm{MHo$ 12ñVo § M 13gmhg§ M¡d14ñÌrg§J«hU‘od M 15ñÌrnw§Y‘m} 16{d^mJ… 17ÚyV‘² 18AmôdÈdM nXm{Z AîQ>mXe EVm{Z ì`dhmapñWVm¡ Bh. Efw ñWmZofw y{`îR>§{ddmX§ MaVm§ Z¥Um§ Y‘ª emídV‘² Am{lË` Hw$`m©V² H$m ©{d{ZU© ‘²''.

(‘Zwñ‘¥.8&4-8).

BËWå yVofw ì`dhmamñnXofw {df ofw ‘ÝdW©‘wŠVmdbrH$Vm© Hw$ëbyH$… H$W`{V""ì`dhmaXe©Z§ M BX§ àOmZm‘² BVaoVanrS>m`m§ VÎd{ZU© oZ ajUmW©‘²''(‘Zwñ‘¥.Hw$ëby.8&1) B{V. Vñ‘mX² hoVmo… ñ‘¥{VH$ma… à{VnmX`{V :

""àË`h§ XoeÑîQ>¡… M emñÌÑîQ>¡… M hoVw{^… AîQ>mXegw ‘mJ}fw{Z~Õm{Z n¥WŠn¥WH²$... Efw ñWmZofw y{`îR>§ {ddmX§ MaVm§ Z¥Um§ Y‘©‘²Am{lË` Hw$`m©V² H$m`©{d{ZU©`‘². `Xm ñd`§ Z Hw$`m©Îmw Z¥n{V…H$m ©Xe©Z§ VXm {Z wÄÁ`mX² {dÛmg§ ~«mô‘U§ H$m ©Xe©Zo. gmo Añ`H$m`m©{U gåní oV² gä ¡aod {Ì{^… d¥V…, g^m‘od à{dí` A½ «m‘²AmgrZ… pñWVEd dm. `pñ‘Z² Xoeo {ZfrXpÝV {dàm… doX{dX… Ì`moamk… M A{YH¥$Vmo {dÛmZ² ~«ô‘U… Vm§ g^m§ {dXw…. Y‘m} {dÕñVwAY‘}U g^m§ `Ì Cn{VîR>Vo, eë § M Añ` H¥$ÝVpÝV {dÕm… VÌ

g^mgX…. `Ì Y‘m} {h AY‘}U gË`§ `Ì AZ¥VoZ M hÝ`Voàoj‘mUmZm§ hVm… VÌ g^mgX…. Y‘©Ed hVmo hpÝV Y‘m} aj{Va{jV…. Vñ‘mX² Y‘m} Z hÝVì`mo ‘m Zmo Y‘m} hVmo AdYrV²''.

(‘Zwñ‘¥.8&3-15).

1Yå ©ì`dhma{dYmZê$nm dm Ý`mæ`ì`dhma{dYmZê$nm dm epŠV… : EVoZ {gÜ`{V X² EH$amOàUmë`m‘{n nwam amk… gå y Ý`m`{ZU© H$m[aËd‘od

AmgrV². Z nwZ… d¡ pŠVH$s ‘ZpñdVm Zm{n ~«mô‘UmZm‘{n VWm d¡ pŠVH$s‘ZpñdVm emñÌo Šd{MX² AZwkßVm. `ñ‘mX² ~«mô‘U¡a{n VÝ‘wIoä`… ewly{fVmoY‘©{ZU© … Y‘m©{XemñÌm{U Adbåã ¡d lmdUr`… AmgrV² Z ‘ZpñdV`m. VVEdAJ«o ñ‘¥{VH$ma… gmY©{ÛeVm{YHo$fw ì`mdhm[aHo$fw nXofw Y‘©{dqY à{Vnm{XVdmZ².

(gmåà{VHo$ wJo Vw)Z¡H$ñ` Y‘©emñÌñ` OZm… gd}@ZwJm{‘Z…&B{V hoVmoÝ`m© J¥ho o {h Ý`m`m{YH$m[aU…&&‘¥îQ²>dm {h bm¡{H$H§$ Ý`m § {ZU© pÝV `WmVWm&A{n Y‘©ñ` {df o ZoîQ>m Y‘©kVm VV…&&EH$ñ`mW} Vw `mo Y‘m}@nañ`mW} VWm Z g…&Vñ‘mXoH$ñ` doÎmm{n ô`Ý`ñ‘¡ Z ^doÎmWm&&Vñ‘mX² Yå`m©Yå © mo{h© Ý`mæ`mÝ`mæ`Ëd{ZU© o&Ý`mèmñÌ§ bm¡{H$H§$ {h ì`dhma{Z`m‘H$‘²&&d¥Îm§ `X² Y‘©emñÌ¡H$Jå`ËdoZm{^‘m{ZV‘²&Vñ‘mX² OmVmo ì wËH«$‘mo {h VÌ {MÝVm àdV©Vo&&

VVmo AYwZm BX§ VmdX² AZwgÝYo`§ ^d{V `X² Añ‘mH§$ amîQ´ >ñ`g§{dYmZàñVmdZm`m§ (‹Preamble‹) Cnbä`Vo.

(gm‘m{OH$m{W©H$amOZ{`H$Ý`m`…, g‘mZ§ {dMmam{^ì`pŠV{dídmglÕmY‘}fw ñdmVÝÍ §, gd}fm§ H¥$Vo nXmdga`mo… Vm¡ë`‘², ì`pŠVJm¡adnwañgamo


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gd}fw «mV¥ md… B{V g§{dYmZmoŠVmo amîQ´>Y‘©…) ""WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having

solemnly resolved to constitute India intoa 1[SOVERIGN SOCIALIST SECULARDEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC] and to secureto all its citizen‹:

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief

and faith and worship.EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;

and to promote among them allFRATERNITY assuring the dignity of

the individual and 2‹[unity and integrityof the Nation]:

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLYthis twenty-sixth day of Novemer, 1949,do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVETO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

[1-2 are amendments for "sovereigndemocratic republic' and "unity of theNation'. AÌ ` o gd ©g wOZm{^ZÝXZr`m… l w {Vaå`m… CÔ oí`m…, Zm‘e…,

1gm‘m{OH$m{W©H$amOZ{`H$Ý`m`… 2{dMmam{^ì`pŠV{dídmglÕmamYZmñdmVÝÍ`§3gd }fm‘{n OmZmZm § H ¥ $V o nXmdga`m o … gmYmaÊ`‘ ²4ì`pŠV‘mhmËå`mídmgZnyd©H$ «mV¥ mdm{^dY©ZoZ 5amîQ>¡Š`-gm‘añ``mo… àdY©Z‘²B{V. Vofm‘² EVofm‘² ‘hZr`moÔoí`mZm§ nyV© o gd£a{n ^maVr ¡… ñd{Z{‘©V§ ñd{d{hV§ñdoä`… M Cnm`ZrH¥$V§ ZyVZ§ ~¥hËH$m § g§{dYmZ‘² B{V pñW{V….

(Bh ‘r‘m§ñ`m… {dg§dmXm…)

VÌ m Ibw VXm g§{dYmZ{Z‘m©Ìr g{‘{V… AmgrV² Vñ`m… {ZOmË‘àË`{^kmZ§,Z¡Omo {dVì`Vmg§H$ën… Mm{n BËW§ n[a^m{dV… ""WE THE PEOPLEOF INDIA, having solemnly resolved toconstitute India into a SOVERIGN SOCIALISTSECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and tosecure to all its citizens'' . Vñ‘mX² ofm§ {H$b ^maVamîQ´>§""SOVERIGN SOCIALIST SECULARDEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC'' B{V md{`Vw§ g§H$ënmo Úmo{VV…Vo qH$ d¡{XH$e¡dd¡îUdO¡Z~m¡Õ{gŠIm{X^maVà^dY‘m©Zw m{`{^… {ZOmË‘Zmo {^ÝZ‘odàË`{Ôkw…? CV A{^ÝZ§? Ûm oXm oXm¡ AZnoú` Ho$db§ maVr`‘od A{^‘Ý`ÝVoñ‘?

VÌ AmÚo Vw H$ëno Vofm§ `… g§H$ën… gmo {h Z VmdV² gd}fm§ ^maVr`mZm‘²Amgr{X{V ""WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA'' B{V dMZñ` Z¡aW©Š`‘odAmnÚoV. {ÛVr o Vw H$ëno g§{dYmZg{‘Vo… maVà^d{d{^ÝZY‘m©Zw m{`{^… gmH$‘²AôXo Vw gmo AôX… H$W§H$ma‘² AdYm[aV…? qH$ V¡ñV¡… Y‘m©Zw`m{`{^… gmg{‘{V… ñdà{V{Z{YV`m {Zdm©{MVm AmgrX² B{V hoVwZm? CV A{Zdm©{MVm{n gmg§{dYmZ{Z‘m©Ìr g{‘{V… ñdVEd ñdñ`m… A{YZm`H$Vm§ JU`m‘mgo{V? `{XVwA{Zdm©{MVm AmgrV² VXmVw àOmVÝÌVm^mdH¡$… àOmVÝÌmaåÊd VXmZtAàOmVmpÝÌH$… àOmVÝÌ‘ybmoÀN>oXH$mo A{^J‘mo Aä`mÑVB{V d¡få`‘² AmnÚVo.VVíM Ad{eî`Vo V¥Vr`… H$ënmo `X² ^maVà^dY‘m©Zw`m{ÒZVm{^… gmH§$ñdñ` oXm oX{ZanojV`m gm g§{dYmZ{Z‘m©Ìr g{‘{V… {ZOmË‘mZ§ ""WE THEPEOPLE OF INDIA'' B{V ‘ÝdmZm AmgrX² B{V. VÌ BX‘²AdYo § ^d{V `X² ^maVr`àOm`m…, Apñ‘Z² {dYmZo àOmVÝÌg§{dYmZmä wJ‘ê$noñdamîQ´>§ ""SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC''^doX² B{V `íM A{^g§H$ën… àÚmo{VV…, VÌ "goŠ`wb[aµO‘²' Zm‘ H$íMZY‘m©ÝVamo dm gd©Y‘©à{Vn{jdmXmo dm B{V {d{M{H$Ëgm`m§ "[aH$dar Am°’²$ ’¡$W²'B{V J«ÝWñ` 184V‘o n¥îR>o ~hþH$mb§ amîQ´>mÜ`jVm‘{n Ab§Hw$dm©Um… S>m. gd©nëbramYmH¥$îUZ² ‘hmoX`m… à{VnmX`pÝV-

""When India is said to be a Secular


306 307

State, it does not mean that we rejectthe reality of unseen spirit or therelevance of religion to life or that weexalt irreligion. It does not mean thatsecularism itself becomes a positivereligion or that the state assumes divineprerogatives... We hold that not onereligion should be given preferentialstatus... This view of religiousimpartiality, or comprehension andforbearance, has prophetic role to playwithin the National and Internationall i fe ' ' .

(Bh {gÕmÝVì`dhma`mo… {damoYm^mg…) ZZw OmZÝË od gd} `X² EVX² {dYmZ§ `Ú{n {H$`ËH$mb§ `mdX² amîQ´>mÜ`ú`‘²

AmdhV… H$ñ`MZ nwéfYm¡a oñ ¡d VWm{n Z EVXwŠVm¡ {d{Y^ma… H$íMZ dV©VoVñ‘mXod hoVmo… àOmVÝÌmË‘Ho$ amîQ´>o ~hþbOZg‘wXm`ñ` ñdY‘©àMmaàgmamWªÝ`mg{Z‘m©Uo Ý`mgnpÄOH$m`m§ g§»`mH«$‘mo (Registration) Z àXr`Vo,àXr`Vo MoV² Ý`mgñWm{`H$mofV`m YZg§J«hm` H$a‘wpŠV… Z àXr`Vo. go`§ {hAënOZg‘wXm`ñ` H¥$Vo gd©Wm {H$`Vr {H$b gwb^m ~hþbOZg‘wXm oZ VmdX²{dÚmb`: {M{H$Ëgmb`mo AZmWmb`mo ‘wÐUmb`mo dm Y‘©àMmaàgmagmYZV`mg§ñWmn{`Vw§ Z eŠ`Vo, ñ‘mX² AënOZg‘wXm`ñ` VÌ EH$m{YH$maBd Ambú`Vo.~hþbOZg‘wXm`ñ` Y‘©ñWbmÝ`{n gd©H$m[aOZ¡… (‹by the governmentservents) ì`dñWmß`ÝVo. EVX²d¡narË oZ AënOZg‘wXm`ñ` Y‘©ñWbm{ZhñVjonmZh©V`m VXZw`m{`{âod ì`dñWmnZr`m{Z A{^‘Ý`ÝVo. EVmZ² M{ddmXmñnXr^yVmZ² {df`mZ² `{X Ý`m`mbò Ý`m`{ZU©`mWª Zr`ÝVo MoV² VXm{ZU©`H$Vm ©am o Ý`m`{d{YkmA{n Y‘©emñÌ{dYo… ~hþ{MÝVm§ Z Hw$d©pÝVbm¡{H$H$Ý`m`{d{YXjm… {h Vo. Šd{MX² AmJ«hmdoXZo@{n Y‘©{Zanojñ` Ý`m`{dYoaodA{^àm`‘r‘m§g`m {ddmXmñnXr^yVñ` AÑîQ>OZH$Y‘©ê$nVm AmhmopñdX²

bm¡{H$H$H$‘©ê$nVm dm B{V {ZpíMÝdpÝV ZVw Y‘©emñÌmZwamoYoZ.

VXoVX² ""Ì¡{dÚoä`… Ì`t {dÚm§... M AmË‘{dÚm§'' (`Wmnydm}XmöVñWbo)VWmM ""Y‘m} {dÕñVw AY‘}U g^m§ `Ì Cn{VîR>Vo, eë § M Añ` H¥$ÝVpÝV{dÕm… VÌ g^mgX…. `Ì Y‘m} {h AY‘}U gË § `Ì AZ¥VoZ M hÝ`Voàoj‘mUmZm§ hVm… VÌ g^mgX…. Y‘©Ed hVmo hpÝV Y‘m} aj{V a{jV….Vñ‘mX² Y‘m} Z hÝVì`mo ‘m Zmo Y‘m} hVmo AdYrV²'' (`Wmnydm}XmöVñWbo)B{V dMZmZm§ hÝV AdhobZ¡d à{V^m{V AmYw{ZH$Ý`m`mYremZm§ {Z`wŠVm¡Y‘©{ZanojàOmVÝÌo AZwîR>r`‘mZm.

EVoZ Añ‘mH§$ amîQ´>ñ` g§{dYmZo àXÎm‘{n gd}ä`mo Y‘m©Zw m{`ä`… ñd-ñdY‘m©ZwîR>mZñ` VËàMmaàgma`mo… M ñdmVÝÍ §, VÌ nXmdga`mo… {h gmYmaÊ §M B{V g§{dYmZJ«ÝWJVEd {gÕmÝVmo ZVw {H«$`mpÝdV o AZwnmë`‘mZmo Y‘©… B{Và{V^m{V. Z{h AënOZg‘wXm`Y‘m©Zw`m{`Zm{‘d AHw$pÊR>V§ ñdmVÝÍ`§~hþOZg‘wXm`Y‘m©Zw m{`Zm§ Ibw EVpñ‘Z² {df o àË wV ""to secure toall its citizens : JUSTICE... LIBERTY ofthought, expression, belief and faith andworship... EQUALITY of status and ofopportunity; and to promote among them allFRATERNITY assuring the dignity of theindividual'' B{V gm§d¡Ym{ZŠ`m KmofU`m{n dXVmoì`mKmVê$nm Am^m{V.

(~hþOZg‘wXm`r`m AmYw{ZH$mÝ`mÒm nrS>m) 1.EVmÑí`m… àemgZZrË`m ì`{WVm… gÝV… am‘H¥$îU{‘eZr`m… g§Ý`m{gZ…

ñdñ` AënOZg‘wXm`Vm`m… nj§ nwañH¥$Ë` Ý`m`mb ofw Amdo{XVdÝV…. AÝVVñVwàYmZV‘Ý`m`mb` o@{n nam {OVmEd A^ydZ ² . V ofm § ì`Wm V wVËgÄMm{bV{M{H$Ëgmb`{dÚmb`m{Xfw N>Ùgmå`dmXr`m… OZm… àdoe§ àmß`àË`{^kmVmA{n godmVmo A{ZîH$mgZr`m… AmgZ² B{V VXr`mEd gÝV…VËg§ñWm{damo{YZmo@{n yËdm Z¡O§ gmhg§ àXe© pÝV ñ‘ BË od AmgrV².


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2.{gŠIY‘m©Zw m{`Zmo@{n ñdofm‘² AënOZg‘wXm`Vm ¡ ~hþH$bh§ H¥$Ëdm BXmZtVyîUrå^md§ Ô‘mZm… g§d¥Îmm…. Vofm§ g‘ñ`mVw `Ì-VÌ {dÚ‘mZmZm§ VX²JwéÛmamUm§ì`dñWmH$mof`mo… Ho$ÝÐ¡Š oZ ì`dñWmnZ‘² AmgrV² VÌ àemgZoZ AZw‘{V… ZàXr`Vo ñ‘.

3.O¡ZmA{n EVñ‘mXod hoVmo… ñdofm§ AënOZg‘wXm`Vm`m§ {‘W… ""ñ`m‘²Apñ‘, ñ`m‘² Zmpñ‘, ñ`m‘² Apñ‘ M Zmpñ‘, ñ`m‘² AdŠVì`… M''BË od‘m{XñdgßV §½`m {ddmX§ Hw$dm©Um… gÄOmVm… B{V AZw y ÝVo.

4.Ho$abm{XàmÝVofw gd©H$m[aOZm… (government servents)Y‘©{damo{YZ… gmå`dm{XZmo yËdm{n Añ‘mH§$ Y‘©ñWbmZm§ ì`dñWmnH$m… ^{dVw‘²AmJ«{hbm… gÝË od B{V ly Vo. Z{h Vo B©edr`‘mohå‘Xr`Y‘©ñWbì`dñWmnZm`H$Xm{n Hw$Ìm{n AZwkßVm…. B{V {MÌo § Ibw Añ‘mH§$ amîQ´>o ""EQUALITYof status and of opportunity'' B{V{df{Ùr {H«$`mpÝd{V… BhAñ‘mH$‘² AnamYñVw EVmdmZod `X² d § ~hþbOZg‘wXm`Y‘m©Zw m{`Zmo ^dm‘…B{V.

5.VÌ¡d Ho$abàXoeo AënOZg‘wXm`ñ` Vw àOmVÝÌr`g§{dYmZ{damoYmo@{nZmnam{YVm ¡ d{V. Wm{h amîQ>JrVñ` AñdrH$maê$nmo dm gmo doV², H$mí‘raàXoemX²hR>mX² Añ‘X²Y‘m©Zw`m{`Zm§ AënOZY‘m©Zw`m{ÒZ¡… {ZîH$mgZ§ dm ^doX².lrOJÝZmWnw[añW-JmodY©ZnrR>m{YpîR>VmZm§ lr‘pÝZaÄOZXodVrW©ñdm{‘Zm§amîQ>JrV{df o {ZO‘V oXmoÀMmaUoZ¡d amOÛm[anwéf¡… nmo{bgmôd`… ào{fV… AmgrV²,MËdm[aëV²-n§MMËdm[aëX²df©àmMrZm B`§ dmVm©.

6.Vm{‘bZmSw>-AmÝY«-H$Um©Q>H$-Ho$abàXoeofw {dÚ‘mZm{Z ~hÿ{Z Añ‘mH§$Y‘©ñWbm{Z VÎmVÝÌmJ‘¡… à{VîR>m{nVm{Z, VX²d¡narË o Vw Xodà{VîR>m{ZamgH$mZrdAdH$pënVmÝ`{n Z OmZo VÎmVÝÌmoŠVm§ ì`dñWm§ {H$`X² AZwgapÝV {H$`V² M ZB{V.

7.Añ‘mH§$ dmëb o gåàXm o àm`mo {ZandmXV`m ñdñdJ¥hoîdod ^JdXM©Z‘²Adí`H$H$V©ì`VmH§$ ñdmW©à{VîR>m{nVm`m… JdÝ‘yV}aod ""Vñ‘mV² gd©OZ¡… goì`…namW©… nwéfmoÎm‘…. (naÝVw) ~«mô‘U¡… j{Ì ¡… d¡í ¡… eyÐmÚ¡… ñd-ñdgÙ{ZñWm{nVmo XodXodñVw "ñdmW©…' B{V A{^Yr`Vo. nídmam‘J¥hjoÌnwÌmÚm…ñdmW©gånX… VÝ‘mÌXmZmV² VÔod… "ñdmW©…' gån[aH$s{V©V…. namW©…gy`©gÑe… ñdmW©ñVw J¥hXrndX²'' (lràíZg§{h.53&55-57) B{VVÝÌmoŠVmamYZàUmS>ràm‘mÊ`mV² ñdJ¥hê$nmamYZñWboîdod {gÕmpÝVVmo ApñV.Vñ`m‘² EVñ`m‘² AmamYZm`m§ ñdmW©à{VîR>m{nVm`m… JdÝ‘yV}… Xe©Zm` ""Ab§H¥$Ë ¡dñdr`mZ² ^ŠVmZ² àXe© oV²'' (gmY.Xr{n.108), ""Ad¡îUdñ` ñdgoì`àXe©Z‘²EVoZ AnamYoZ dm{f©H$godm{Zî’$bVm'' (fQ²>fpîR>… ^JdËgodmnamYm…) B{VC^`{dYdMZmä`m‘² Añ‘Ý‘mJm©ZwJm{‘OZVm Añ‘X²J¥hofw AmJÀN>{V ñ‘,VX{V[aŠVoä`… Añdr oä`mo ^ŠVoä`mo dm ñdr oä`mo A^ŠVoä`mo dm{n ^JdÝ‘pÝXaoàdoeXe©Zm{X… d{O©VEd AmgrX². AVmo{h Añ‘m{^… ñdJ¥hoîdod AZwpîR>Vo^JdXmamYZo {eî`^mdoZ g‘mJVoä`mo OZoä`mo Jwégodm§Jê$nV`¡d H$mgw{MX²^JdX² OZm¡n{`H$mgw AmZwf§{JH$mgw ~{ha§J{H«$`mgw AZw‘{Va{n àXr`Vo ñ‘. Z{hH$Xm{MX{n JdX² OZo AÝVa§J{H«$`mgw H$mo@{n A{YH$mamo Añ‘Ën[adma~{h y©VmZm‘²Añ‘Ý‘mJm©ZwJm{‘Zm‘{n AmgrV². VWm{n OZVmÛmam OZVm ¡ OZà{V{Z{Y yV¡…EVÝ‘mJm©Mm`£… {H«$`‘mUm ^JdXmamYZo{V OZVm`mEd VX² AmamYZmñWb§^JdX²{dJ«hmo@{n Z Jwê$Um§ Zm{n Z¡O‘² AmamYZmñWb‘² B{V AmYw{ZH$Ý`m`{dX²{^…{ZUuV‘².

VXod§ ZyZ§ nÄMamÌmÚwŠVmamYZmemñÌ{gÕmo@{n ^JdX²{dJ«hXodmb``mo…ñdmW©namW©à oX… AmYw{ZH$Ý`m`ì`dñW`m Jmo‘`nm`gÝ`m oZ XwéÅ>§{H$Vì`m»``m^ ¥e‘ ² Adh o {bVEd. VX oVX ² Añ‘mH § $ gåàXm`ñ`àYmZnrR>mÝVJ©V^JdXmamYZmñWb{df`Ho$ àYmZV‘Ý`m`mb`rò (in theJudgement of The Supreme Court of India‹){ZU©ò-

""(Havelies)... though thy are grand andmajestik inside, the outside appearanceis always attempted to resemble that of aprivate house. This feature can, however,


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be easily explained if we recall thefact that during the time whenVitthalnathji with his greate missionaryzeal spread the doctrine of Vallabh,Hindu temples were constantly faced withthe danger of attack from Aurangzeb...''.

( ‹T.G. Vs. State of Raj. SC AIr 1962para 21).

B{V àYmZV‘Ý`m`mb o ‘mÝ ¡… à‘wIV‘Ý`m`mYre¡… lrJOoÝÐJS>H$a‘hmoX ¡…Añ‘X²Y‘©{gÕmÝVñdrH$mamMaUñdmVÝÍ`mnhmam` {ZYm©[aV‘². Ú{n ~«ô‘gyÌmUw mî oAÝ oîd{n M J«ÝWofw lr‘XmMm ©MaU¡… VX²J«ÝWì`m»`mV¥{â{n-

1.""ñdJ¥hoîdod ñZohoZ ^JdXmH$mao {d{dYmonMma¡… godm§ Hw$d©ÝV…V ¡d {Zd¥©Ë`m ‘wpŠV‘{n VwÀN>m§ ‘Ý`ÝVo... VoZ JdX² OZEd VÌm{nnwpîQ>‘mJ©Ed lwVo… â…... nyd©‘² CËH$Q>^JdX²^mddVm§ VXWª(J¥h)Ë`mJ§ {Zê$ß` ... níMmX² `X² {Zê${nVdmZ² VoZ VmÑ½^mddV¡d(J¥h)Ë`mJ… H$m`©…. VÐ{hVoZ Vw J¥hEd CŠVarË`m à^wÔZ§H$m`©‘²''.

2.(‘yb§)""~rOXmT²>ç©àH$mañVw J¥ho pñWËdm ñdY‘©Vmo Aì`md¥Îm§ÔoV² H¥$îU‘²'' (ì`m»`m)""`X² J¥ho pñWËdm AZwHy$bo J¥ho pñWËdmñdY‘©V… AmË‘Y‘m} A`‘² B{V kmËdm... VX{n ÔZ§ ñdY‘©ËdoZH$V©ì § ZVw Y‘©ËdoZ VWm g{V AÝèofËdoZ A^pŠVËd§ ñ`mV²...AÌ J¥hñWmZ{dYmZoZ ñdJ¥hm{YpîR>Vñdê$nÔZn[aË`mJoZ AÝ`ÌVËH$aUo ^pŠV… Z ^d{V B{V gy{MV‘²''.

(~«.gy.^m.3&4&47,^pŠVd{Y©.VÅ>rH$m ~mbH¥$.2).

B{V Y‘ © {d{YV`m CX ²K w îQ >Ed A`‘ ² Añ‘mH § $ {gÕmÝV….gåàXm`àdV©H$mMm`£ñVw gd}fm‘{n EVÝ‘mJm©Zw`m{`Zm§ H¥$Vo ñd-ñdJ¥hoîdod^JdXmamYZñ` Ym{‘©H$s Amdí`H$Vm {Zê${nVm. VWm{n AmYw{ZH$m…

Ý`m`{ZUm© H$m… ‘moJbamk… Am¡a§JµOo~ñ` ^`mX² Ed§ H¥$V§ ñ`mX² B{V VH©$`pÝV.

V{Xh gm‘m{OH$mnamYo gm‘m{OH$mo {d{Y… (‹Civil La) , gmh{gH$mnamYogmh{gH$mo {d{Y… (‹Criminal Law) {d‘¥½`mo ^d{V; VWm{n Ym{‘©Ho$H$V©ì o Ym{‘©H$ñ` {dYo… ^mamo ZmZw‘Ý`Vo AmYw{ZH$Ý`m`{dX²{^… B{V {MÌ‘² ZZwH$mo Zm‘ Bh Z OmZm{V lr‘X²dëb^mMm`m©Ë‘O{dÆ>bZmWMaUm… AH$~aamk…g‘H$m{bH$m… AmgZ² B{V. AH$~aamk… nwÌmo Ohm§JraZm‘m, VËnwÌ… emhOhm§Zm‘m,VËnwÌíM Amoa§JµOo~mo A^dX². lrdëb^mË‘OmZm§ lr{dÆ>bZmWmZm§ OÝ‘ 1515¼¡ñVdf} bmoH$Ë`mJñVw 1587 ¼¡ñVo df} A^dV². Amoa§JµOo~ñVw gßV{Vdfm©ZÝVa§1657 ¼ñVo df} {ghmgZ‘² AÜ`méamoh VVmo{h H$WÝZw gßV{Vdfm©ZÝVa^m{dZt{dn{Îm‘² AmbmoÀ` lr‘XmMm`m©Ë‘O¡… ñdJ¥hEd JdXmamYZñ` {gÕmÝV… àñWm{nV…B{V H$ën{`Vw§ eŠ`‘²? hÝV H$moZw Ed§ dŠVw§ à^doX² F$Vo Y‘©{ZanojÝ`m`doÎmma‘²

`Ú{n Apñ‘ÝZod Ý`m`{ZU© o ""If Dr. Bandarkar's workin the section dealing with Vallabh isconsidered as a whole, it would be clear thatthese observations are incidental and can notbe taken to indicate the learned doctor'sconclusions'' (ibid. para 61) B{V Z Ho$db‘² Añ‘mH§$ ‘V§àË wV Añ‘Ý‘VmÜ oV¦Um‘² BVaofm‘{n {dXwfm§ mÊS>maH$agÑemZm§ dMZm{Z AÝ`W¡dZrVm{Z Cnbä`ÝV o . gd ©Wm V w Añ‘ËgmåàXm{`H$m… X odmb`m…ñdmW©à{VîR>m{nV^JdX²{dJ«hmUm‘od AmamYZm` gpÝV BË`ñ` {df`ñ`Ym{‘©H${gÕmÝVVm`m§ Z e§H$mboemo@{n.

EVX²d¡narË oZ Am§½bmZm§ àemgZH$mbo@{n Z¡H¡$… Ý`m`mb`{ZU© ¡…- ""This conclusion that a temple, which

is managed out of the funds collected fromthe public, is the Maharaja's property mayseem startling, but it is not non the lessinevitable by reason of the particular tenetsof the sect... The Maharaja having already


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acquired property rights by what wasdone by himself and his devotees... Thelatter (‹devotee public‹) may disallowthe tenets if they deem hard or unjust...But so far as the existing temple andit's property are concerned, they arenot at liberty to question the Maharaja'stitle to them''.

(1st june 1927 in civil Suit no.2 of1927 by The Dist.Judge N.S.Lokur) BË od‘mX`mo AZoHo$ Ý`m`{ZU© m… Kmo{fVm… AmgZ². VWm{n ñdmVÝÍ`moÎmaH$mbo

ñdmW©à{VîR>m{nVm`m… ^JdÝ‘yV}… namW©à{VîR>m{nVXod‘yV}… M {‘W… à oX§ kmVw‘²Aj‘¡… gd©H$m[aOZ¡… Ý`m`mb ¡… M Añ‘X²Y‘©{gÕmÝVmdhobZ‘² `V² H¥$V§ VX²Añ‘ËgåàXm`monXoeH$mZm§ VWmM Añ‘ËgåàXm`mZwJm{‘Zm§ M lÕm`m… {dbmonZmÀVrdZ¡îRw> ©‘² AmM[aV‘².

Vñ‘mX² BXmZt ñd{gÕmÝV§ ñdrH$Vw ©‘² CnXoîQw> § AmM[aVw§ M ^rad…EVÝ‘mJu`mMm`m©A{n ""... XodÐì`monOr{dZ§... ñn¥îQ²>dm gM¡b‘² Aå^moAdJmh²` Ap½Z‘² Cnñn¥í` Jm`Í`îQ>eV§ OnoX ²''(Jmo.nwéfmoÎm‘H¥$VÐìèwÕm¡) B{V dMZ{déÕm`mA{n XodbH$Vm`m…A§JrH$aUo Z H$‘{n Xmof§ ‘ÝdVo ""gd©Zmeo g‘wËnÝZo AYª ËÒ{V npÊS>V…''B{V Am^mUH$npÊS>Vm… gÝV… lrdëb^^{UVmW©{ZîR>mam{hË`mV² VVíM Vo@{nñdmW©à{VîR>m{nVmZ ² Añ‘ËgåàXm{`H$X odmb`mZ ² ñd{gÕmÝVm on oj`mnamW©à{VîR>m{nVXodmb`ËdoZ àñWmn`ÝV… àMma`ÝV… M gÄOmVm…, amÁ`{damoYogd©Zme§ ‘Ý`‘mZm….

`Ú{n ~hþfw gmd©O{ZH$Ý`mg{Z`‘ofw ""The maintainance ofa public trust shall include‹{‹the runing of it inaccordance with the tenets of the religion orpersuation represented by the public trust and

with underlying the foundation there of''(Raj.Public Trust Act Sect.61/j/expl.1) B{V CÀM¡…Kmof`pÝV {H$ÝVw Ý`m`mbòfw ""Some temple of this cultmay have been private in past and some ofthem may be private even today. Whether ornot a particular temple is a public templemust be necessarily be comsidered in thelight of the relevant facts related to it''(T.G. Vs. State of Raj. SC AIr 1962 para 23‹).B{V ì`mdhm[aH§$ VÏ § na‘§ {ZH$f§ ‘Ý`ÝVo ZVw g¡ÕmpÝVH§$ VÎd‘². hÝV B § XwX©emAñ‘mH§$ ^m½`hrZmZm§ amîQ´>o@pñ‘Z² ~hþbOZg‘wXm`Y‘m©ZwJm{‘Zm‘²

EVËgmåàXm{`H$X odmb`mZm § gmd ©O{ZH$Ý`mgV`m A{YJ «hUmÈVËgmåàXm{`H${gÕmÝVmonoj`m EVÝ‘mJu`Jwê$Um§ J¥hm{U Xodmb`r § Ý`mg§ Kmof`pÝVVÌ nwZ… EVÝ‘mJu`Jwê$Um§ Xm`^m{JËd§ (Right of succession)ñdr{H«$`Vo. VmÑJ{YH$madVm§ nwZ… gmd©O{ZH$Xodmb`rH¥$Vofw JwéJ¥hof wì`dñWm{YH$mamo@{n (‹Right for the management of thetrust-property‹) Z {Zam{H«$`Vo. AWM Ý`m{gVm§JrH$mao@{n nwZ…A§eVmo bm^J«hUm{YH$mamo@{n (‹Beneficiary right‹) Z {Z{fÜ`Vo.Ì`mo@{n EVo A{YH$mam… nwZ… d§emZwJ{VH$m… (Hereditary) Ed Aä`mÑVm….hÝV Ed § OJ{V gd ©‘mÝ`Ý`mgñd^mdd ¡narË`m §JrH$ ma o@ {n hR > mV ²gmd©O{ZH$Xodmb`rH¥$Vofw AmMm ©J¥hofw ‘ybmMm`m}n{XîQ>ñ` ""ñdJ¥hEd JdXmamYZ§H$V©ì`‘² B{V'' pŠV‘mJu`{gÕmÝVmZwgaUñ` ñdmVÝÍ`‘od AmYw{ZH¡$… Ý`m`mb ¡…{ZañV§ ZM AÝ`V² {H$pÄMX²

o BXmZr‘² AënOZg‘wXm`dÝVmo Y‘©gåàXm`m… gpÝV Vo ^{dî`{V H$mbo`{X ~hþbOZg‘wXm`dÝVmo ^do`w… VXm amÁ`mYrZm{Z Añ‘mH§$ Y‘©ñWbm{ZVXYrZmÝ od do w… B{V qH$-qH$ àVrn§ ZmM[aV§ doX² B{V AmYw{ZH$Ý`m`àUmë`m…~hþOZY‘©{damo{YZrË`m

Añ‘X²amîQ´>ñ` g§{dYmZo 25V‘o {dYmZdMZo Ym{‘©H$ñdmVÝÍ`{df o {ddaU§


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{H$‘{n Xr`‘mZ‘² Ed‘² Cnbä`Vo VWm{h-

""(1)Subject to public order, moralityand health and to the other provisionsthis part, all persons are equallyentitled to freedom of conscience andthe right freely to profess, practiseand propagate religion.

(2)Nothing in this article shallaffect the operation of any existing lawor prevent the state from making law -regulating or restricting any economicfinancial, political or other secularactivity which may be associated withreligious practice.''

Añ‘ËgåàXm o ñdJ¥hEd JdX² OZ§ gmåàXm{`H$Jwé{^… gåàXm`mZwJm{‘{^…Mm{n H$V©ì`‘² B{V Vw Ym{‘©H$s Adí`H$V©ì`V¡d ApñV. `Vmo{h gåàXmò{ZOJwamo… Amdmgo gåàXm`mZwJm{‘Z… {Z`‘oZ AmJÀN>pÝV Ðì`m{XH$‘{n à`ÀN>pÝV.Vñ‘mX² dmëb^gåàXm o CnXoeH$mZm§ Jwê$Um§ AmMm ©J¥hm{U gmd©O{ZH$Xodmb`ËdoZ{ZYm©`©ÝVo

VÌ BX‘² AmbmoMZr § ^d{V `X² amOZ{`H$mZm‘{n J¥hofw Vofm‘² AZwJm{‘Z…{H$‘w Z AmJÀN>pÝV? {^fOm‘{n J¥hofw ~hþYm é½Um… OZm… AmJÀN>ÝVmoÐì`m{XH$‘{n à`ÀN>ÝË od. VW¡d Vm¡ ©{ÌH$Z¥Ë`{MÌ{eënm{X{ejH$mZm‘{n J¥hofw~hd… VÎmX²{dÚm{YJ‘H$m‘m… pñÌnwéfm… g‘mJÀN>ÝË od. VWm{n Vm{Z ñWbm{ZZ nwZ… gmd©O{ZH$m{Z ‘Ý`ÝVo. gËgw EVofw {h Añ‘ËgmåàXm{`H$mMm`©JohofwgmåàXm{`H$OZVm`m… AmJ‘Z§ Ðì`àXmZ§ M Vofm§ ñWbmZm§ gmd©O{ZH$Ëd§ Hw$V…AmnmX`{V?

ZMm{n AÚmd{Y dmëb^gmåàXm{`H$m{Z JwéJ¥hm{U Ym{‘©H$ñWbm{Z OZVmgwgwì`dñWm`m… dm Zr{V‘Îmm`m… dm ñdmñÏ`ñ` dm ~mYH$m{Z B{V {dYm{`H$m`m§g^m`m§ Hw$Ìm{n Kmo{fV‘² Cnbä`Vo. VWm{n amîQ´>ñ` g§{dYmZoZ àXÎm§ gd}fm§ Vwë §ñdmVÝÍ § ""Subject to public order, morality andhealth ... all persons are equally entitled tofreedom of conscience and the right freelyto profess, practise and propagate religion''B{V dMZo Cnbä`‘mZ§ g§{dYmZì`m»`mH$m[afw Ý`m`mb ofw Z g‘m{Ð`Vo. VV²H$ñ` hoVmo…? B{V ~hþYm {dMm[aVo@{n EH$Ed Xmofmo ~wÕm¡ Am^mgVo `X² d §~hþbOZg‘wXm`mÝVJ©Vm ^dm‘… B{V. `Vmo{h AënOZg‘wXm`Y‘m©ZwJm{‘ZmÝVwApñ‘ÝZ{n {df o g§{dYmZ{d{hV§ ñdmVÝÍ § {dYm{`H$m H$m ©nm{bH$m Ý`m`nm{bH$mM gpÝZîR>`m {Zd©hÝË od. Z{h-Z{h VÌ B©î`mgy m{XZm VmZ² {ZamH$Vwª H$íMZdmÄN>{V VWm{n ~hþbOZg‘wXm`ñ` H$mo@namYmo A{V[aŠVmo `V² Vñ` EVmÑH²$ñdmVÝÍ § Y‘©{Zanojdm{X{^… Z A{^‘Ý`Vo? Hw$Vmo {h AënOZg‘wXm`VwëÈdA{YH$mamo ~hþOZg‘wXm`Y‘}ä`mo Z àXr`Vo? BË od VmdX² ‘r‘m§ñ § ^d{V.

gd©‘² EVV² Ý`m`mb ofw Ý`m`m{YH$m[a{^… gh Ym{‘©H$mZm§ {ddmXo g‘wnñWm{nVoVofm§ Y‘©emñÌ{df{`Ê`m… `{X Z ho Vm~wÕo… VXm CnojUr`Vm~wÕoñVw à‘mUV`mZyZ‘² Am^m{V.

`Ú{n gd©nëbr lramYmH¥$îUZ² ‘hmoX`m… ""We hold that notone religion should be given preferentialstatus... This view of religious impartiality, orcomprehension and forbearance, has aprophetic role to play within the National andInternational life''. B{V H$W`m‘mgw… VWm{n H$ñ‘¡{MX{n Y‘m©`àm‘w» oZ A^rîQ>V‘Vm g§{dYmZo Zm{n Úmo{VVm MoX² ì`dhmamo ~hþYm AÝ`W¡dà{V^m{V `X² ~hþOZg‘wXm`ñ` Y‘m©Um§ H¥$Vo àÀN>ÝZm H$mMZ AZ^rîQ>Vm öX o~Õ‘yb¡d ^m{V. Z H$pñ‘ÝZ{n Y‘} njnmV… B{V Vw `Ú{n gË`§ VWm{n~hþOZg‘wXm`ñ` Y‘m©Um§ H¥$Vo `mdVr Anjnm{VVm ^¥e§ ÚmoË`Vo VmdVr


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AënOZg‘wXm`ñ` Y‘m©Um§ H¥$Vo Hw$Ì Úmo{VVm?

EVoZ Apñ‘Z² amîQ´>o VWm OJ{V AÝàmîQ´>oîd{n m {h {Xì`gÝXoedmhH$ y{‘H$mEVmÑeñ` g§{dYmZàñVmdZmJVm to secure to all its citizenJUSTICE, social, economic and political;LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief andfaith and worship. EQUALITY of status and ofopportunity; and to promote among them allFRATERNITY assuring the dignity of theindividuals'' BË od§ ‘ÝÌmon‘m eãXamer `m KÊQ>mKmofoU ~mo{YVm Vñ`m…Z¡aWŠ`m©nmXH$mo A{^àoVmW©ê$nmo {h A{YîR>mV¥Xodmo ‘m-‘m {Vamo^dVw B{Vgd©~w{ÕàoaH$… na‘mË‘¡d AÌ AmlUr`mo ‘Ý o Wm{h AdmoMZ² lr‘XmMm ©MaUm…-

""An[akmZZîQ>ofw ‘ÝÌofw Ad«V`mo{Jfw& {Vamo{hVmW©Xodofw H¥$îUEd J{V… ‘‘''


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àH$meH$ : gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmX · àH$meH$ : gmH$ma ~«ô‘dmX ... 6