Histroy of Medicine

8/8/2019 Histroy of Medicine

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Those who fail to read the history are destined to suffer the

repetition of mistakes

The History of Medicine


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Primitive Medicine

It is truly said Medicine was conceived in sympathy

and born out of necessity. Due to limited Knowledge Primitive men attributed the

disease to wrath of gods or invasion of body byevil spirits- supernatural theory of disease.

As a logical sequence, the medicine they practicedconsisted of appeasing the gods by prayers, rituals etc

e.g. treatment of snake bite by mantras. Primitive medicine is timeless and rudiments are seen

in many parts of world like Asia, South America


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Indian Medicine

5000 BC Dhanvantari Hindu god of medicine is said to be born

out of churning of ocean in a tug of war between godsand demons.

Some believe that Atharvaveda gradually developedinto Ayurveda.

Ayurveda=Knowledge of life

Believed in Tridosha theory of disease.

Vata(wind), Pitta (Gall) and Kapha (Mucous).

Celebrated Authorities are Atreya, Charaka,Sushruta


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Charaka - Charake samhita- Mentioned about 500 drugs

Sushruta - Father of Indian Surgery

-Sushruta Samhita-Midwifery, Ophthalmology

Other medicine of Indian origin- Siddha.

Other medicines not of Indian originUnani, Homeopathy etc

Arabic-Drug, alcohol, syrup, sugar


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Chinese Medicine

2700 BC First organized body of medical knowledge

Based on yang and yin

Pioneers of immunization

Bare foot doctors

To Chinese The great doctor is the one who

treats not some one ill but some one not yet ill.


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Egyptian Medicine

2000 BC Imhotop considered as both Doctor and

divine Believed in Pulse-speech of heart.

God of health is Horus. Ebers Papyrus- mentioned 700 drugs. Specializations prevailed. Treatment with enema, Blood letting.

Oldest treatise of Surgery, Mentionedabout paralysis following cerebralfractures.


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Mesopotamian Medicine

2000 BC Religion Based concepts.

Herb doctors, Knife doctors and

Spell doctors roughly equal tointerns, surgeons and psychiatristsrespectively.

Hammurabi- King formulated Code ofHammurabi for Physicians.

Oldest medical prescription wastraced.


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Greek Medicine

460-136 BC Taught men to think in terms of why

and How

Leader of Greek Medicine is Aesculapius(staff

entwined by serpent is symbol of medicine)

Hygiea Panacea

Preventive

Medicine

Curative

Medicine

Fashion

among

Intellectuals

Gets the

cash


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Hippocrates

Father of Medicine Hippocratic oath

Clinician and Epidemiologist

Airs, water and places-Book is considered as

treatise to Social Medicine and Hygiene.Roman Medicine

136 AD

Borrowed from Greek

Keen sense of sanitation Galen physician, contributed to Comparative

Anatomy, Experimental physiology. Disease due to Predisposing ,Exciting and

Environmental factors.


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Middle Ages

Period of Lull i.e. Pause The practice of medicine reverted back to

primitive medicine dominated by superstitionsdue to dominance of religion.

Revival of Medicine Paracelsus-First to Attack superstitious beliefs

Fracastorious-Theory of contagion

Andreus Vesalius-1st

Man of Modern Medicine. Ambriose Pare-Father of Surgery.

William Harvey-Blood circulation

Thomas Sydenham-Classification of Fever.


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LeeuwenhoekMicroscope Edward Jenner-Vaccination-1796

1800sanitary awakening.

1854 Florence Nightingale; beginning ofmodern nursing.

Rise of Public Health

John Snow- NATURAL EXPERIMENT ON LONDONCHOLERA-1849

Chadwick-sanitary reforms.

Louis Pasteur-1860-germ theory of disease

1864- International Red Cross


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1882-Koch; Anthrax, Tuberculosis andstudy of bacteria

1898- Sir Ronold RossMalaria transmittedby Anopheles

1900- Multifactorial cause of disease

1st Blood transfusion. 1921-Banting & Best- isolated hormone

Insulin 1940- Fleming -penicillin 1948-

World Health Organization

Modern hard contact lens were introduced


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1953-Watson and Crick; DNA 1954-Salk; polio vaccine

1956-Kidney dialysis 1967-1st Heart transplant.

1977-1st coronary BalloonAngioplasty was done.


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Health care revolution

Primary health care -1978 Health for all-1981

Millennium Development goals-2000

NRHM- April 12th2005


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Primitive Medicine


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Egyptian Medicine


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Sushruta


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Hammurabi

Hammurabi- King formulated Code of

Hammurabi for Physicians.


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Rhazes


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Galen


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A. Vesalius


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Thomas Sydenham


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James Lind -Scurvy


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Robert Koch


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Lennec


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SemmelWeiss


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Edward Jenner


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Rudolph Virchow


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L. Pasteur


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Hopkins


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Roentgen

Th k


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Thank you

Documents

Histroy of Medicine