Davan(Devoun) Symbol of Iran Ancient Civilizations

By: Gholamhossein Davani

My Country

Acknowledgement

This is dedicated to the memory of my family specially my father deceased “Haydarali Davani” who told me several story about “Davan history” and big mans same “Haj Mohammad Karim Davani” who set at liberty of Davan from peasant “Nasiralsadat” and another Davanis man Miraza Ahmad Bahadoran (Ahmad Kal abbas) who was fighting for freedom and democracy and were near 17 years in Jail in Reza khan government.

Davani people’s like horse race

Ashiekh –Aly View

The Man who loved his home

Sassanid Empire• The Sassanid Empire (also spelled Sasanid Empire, Sassanian Empire, or Sasanian

Empire), known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr and Ērān, was the last pre-Islamic Persian Empire, ruled by the Sasanian Dynasty from 224 to 651. The Sassanid Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognized as one of the two main powers in Western Asia and Europe, alongside the Roman Empire and later the Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.

• The Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Arsacids and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus IV. The Empire lasted until Yazdegerd III lost control of his empire in a series of invasions from the Arab Caliphate. During its existence, the Sassanid Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Dagestan), southwestern Central Asia, part of Turkey, certain coastal parts of the Arabian Peninsula, the Persian Gulf area, and areas of southwestern Pakistan. The name for the Sassanid Empire in Middle Persian is Eran Shahr which means Aryan Empire. He vexilloid of the Sassanid Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.

Davan history(1)

• Davan is one of the oldest villages of Iran. It is located in south west of Fars Province, and also is surrounded by the Zagros Mountains. It has often been asserted that Davan was founded around 500 B.C. The fact that there is a fire temple which gives grounds for believing that its history can be traced back at least as far as Achaemenian Era. The Davani dialect is rooted in Iranian language which is considered to belong to the Indo-Iranian family of languages. This dialect is still one of the most pure ancient dialect in Iran

Davan Geography • Davan (Davani: do‘u) is located at 29° 23 N, 51° 55 E, in a narrow valley ′ ′

at the foot of Mount Davān in the greater Zagros range and located definitely behind “Shapur cave or Sasan Village”, It is divided into upper (maʿale[maḥalla]-ye bār) and lower (ma ale [maḥalla]-ye duman) quarters.

• The climate is hot and dry. In the 1970s the only source of water was a group of nine springs located at the southeastern end of the village. Arable land is very limited and located mostly in the foothills; dry farming is the prevailing form of agriculture. Products include barley, wheat, and fruits: grapes, figs, pomegranates, and pears (called xormor in Davani). In 1975 AD (1354 AP) there were thirty-three orchards.

• Some ruins dating from the Parthian and Sasanian periods are located approximately 4 km to the south of the village.

• The Davani dialect is a Southwestern Iranian language spoken in this village.

Shapur cave, Sasan Village

Welcome to Davan

Keep Left to Davani

geographical location and climate, Davan

From West to East Davan village of the land like Nvdan, Tarh Davn Strait between bat and surrounded it in the west coast from north to south from this land is surrounded by: Strait from the south polo, Haji Abad, Sultan Abad Amir Abad and Kazeroun city. In its southern coast from East to West and surrounded by land from the city Kazerun Dyank and north to south, with areas such as Papvn, Dyank Mvrdk and is enclosed. Zagros Mountains from northwest to southeast Iran drawn up and follow the mountain trail in the Gulf has given you. . Davan among the mountains of northern plains Kazerun that consists of several fields located in Davan area has special status and geographic diversity is climate.. Davan so that plain, the winter temperature reaches zero degrees and the summer is hot and dry at this point.. Can be said that the best region in terms of climate is a village in Davan.. For example, in one hand, with dozens of spring water that they used was old and off the bat reaches the Strait. The climate division, Davan can be hot and dry land areas into account during the winter and the temperature may reach below zero and during summer, temperatures to 45 degrees is too high. Davan due to dry weather, the humidity level in this area during the four periods of 20 to 25 percent is variable and thus, has very little annual precipitation. . Although severe winter rainfall on the 86 most affected parts of Fars province and the air is very cool, but if you go to the third week of February, Davan'll tell you, wearing warm clothing was a bit annoying. Davan area rich in vegetation and other areas close to the Zagros more varied vegetation that cause a variety of jobs has been among the people. Davani believe that if the wind clouds lead to the West, it will be clouds and rain throughout the year, four different types of wind that blows Davan Davani to each name are: 1) Rashnh during the winter from the mountains northeast of blows and Davani believe that if this wind Bvzd, Prbarsh sign that winter is coming. 2) hollow in winter is blowing from the north, broken trees and their fruit damage. 3) fall in the autumn blows and why leaves puts all trees. 4) that flower in the spring blows.

Davan's Location Davan is located in Fars province in Persia (Iran), about 12 kilometers

north-east of city of Kazeroon and it's considered part of Kazeroon Area. Geographicaly it's located in 51 degrees 50 minutes and 51 degrees 55 minutes long; and 29 degrees 29 minutes and 29 degrees 20 minutes wide. Its west to east is surrounded by the areas: 'Nodan', 'Tareh Daun', and middle of 'Tange Chogaun'. Its west side from north to south is surrounded by the areas: south of 'Tange Chogaun', 'Hauji Aubaud', 'Sultan Aubaud', 'Ameer Aubaud', 'Derees', 'Jaumeh Bozorgi', and city of Kazeroon. Its south side from east to west is surrounded by areas from city of Kazeroon to areas of 'Dikank'. Its east side from north to south is surrounded by the areas: 'PauPoon', 'Gargadaun', 'Mordek', and 'Dikank'.

Davan (Devon)

Davan “ Devon” or the local dialect, since there ArDavan Shah Jamshid Jam but until its people were dispersed and then request Jamshid together and are living together as if God were unwanted problems, to work together.. So, first part of the name Davan Dashtak existed in which people lived and gradually moved to another location. Davan of the oldest villages in the South West of Iran's Fars Province and by the Alborz mountain is surrounded. Also claimed that the name local Davan about 500 years BC there is evidence that the promise by the Achaemenid returns, there is and there is also a fire temple. In the history of this country, people were initially follow religion Zoroaster in the seventh century, Muslims were also Davani.

Davan Dialect(1)

• The davani dialect is rooted in Iranian languages which is considered to belong to the Indo-Iranian languages which is part of the Indo-European family languages. This dialect is still one of the most pure ancient dialects in Iran.

• The diagram below shows the location of the davani language and how it's rooted from the Indo-European family languages. You can click on the diagram to open it in a new window with the original big size.

Davan Dialect(2)

Davani Illuminator

During the history of Davan, the people first were believed on Zoroastrian faith. When the Muslim Arabs entered Fars in the seventh century A.D., Davanis became Muslims. At first, they were Sunni Muslims, but later in the sixteenth century A.D., they turned to Shiite (Shiite) Muslims. One of the greatest fifteenth century Muslim philosopher, as well as politician, Jalal-Addin Muhammad Davani was born in Davan and his mausoleum is in that village.

Shaykh Ahmad Ahsae

• Shaykh Ahmad ibn Zayn ad-Dín ibn Ibráhím al-Ahsá'í (Arabic: ( إبراهيم بن الدين زين بن أحمد شيخ was (1753 - 1826) was the founder of a األحسائي19th century Shi`i school in the Persian and Ottoman empires, whose followers are known as Shaykhís.

• He was a native of the Al-Ahsa region (Eastern Arabian Peninsula), educated in Bahrain and the theological centers of Najaf and Karbala in Iraq.Spending the last twenty years of his life in Iran, he received the protection and patronage of princes of the Qajar dynasty.

Shaykh Ahmad Ahsae (2)• Shaykh Ahmad, at about age forty (1784 or 1794 - circa), began to study in earnest in the Shi'i

centres of religious scholarship such as Karbala and Najaf. He attained sufficient recognition in such circles to be declared a mujtahid, an interpreter of Islamic Law. He contended with Sufi and Neo-Platonist scholars, and attained a positive reputation among their detractors. Most interestingly, he declared that all knowledge and sciences were contained (in essential form) within the Qur'an, and that to excel in the sciences, all knowledge must be gleaned from the Qur'an. To this end he developed systems of interpretation of the Qur'an and sought to inform himself of all the sciences current in the Muslim world.

• He also evinced a veneration of the Imams, even beyond the extent of his pious contemporaries and espoused heterodox views on the afterlife, the resurrection and end-times, as well as medicine and cosmology. His views on the soul posited a "subtle body" separate from, and associated with the physical body. It was this body that ascended into Heaven, he posited, when Muhammad was said to have bodily ascended, and this also altered his views on the occultation of the Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi. His views resulted in his denunciation by several learned clerics, and he engaged in many debates before moving on to Persia where he settled for a time in the province of Yazd. It was in Yazd that much of his books and letters were written.

Shiekh Ahmad Ahsae

Founding the Shaykhi School• Juan Cole summarizes the situation at the advent of the Shaykhi School, and the questions

that were unfolding as his views crystallized and he acquired an early following:• When Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i wrote, there was no Shaykhi school, which only crystallized

after his death. He saw himself as a mainstream Shi'ite, not as a sectarian leader. Yet he clearly innovated in Shi'i thought in ways that, toward the end of his life, sparked great controversy. Among the contentious arenas he entered was that of the nature of religious authority. He lived at a time when his branch of Islam was deeply divided on the role of the Muslim learned man. Was he an exemplar to be emulated by the laity without fail, or merely the first among equals, bound by a literal interpretation of the sacred text just as was everyone else? Or was he, as the Sufis maintained, a pole channeling the grace of God to those less enlightened than himself? How may we situate Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i with regard to these contending visions of Shi'i Islam? Momen in his Introduction to Shi'i Islam(George Ronald, Oxford, 1985)states that many mujtahids were afraid that the Shaykh's preference for intuitive knowledge, which he claimed to obtain directly by inspiration from the Imams, would seriously undermine the authority of their position. Momen has some interesting and useful commentary on Shaykh Ahmad's doctrines and his succession during which the conflict with Shi'i orthodoxy intensified

Successor

Shaykh Ahmad appointed Sayyid Kazim Rashti as his successor, who led the Shaykhí movement until his death. He taught his students how to recognize the Mahdi and the "Masih" (the return of Christ). After his death in 1843, many of his students spread out around Asia, Europe and Africa to search them.

Ḥajji Mīrzā Muḥammad Karīm Khān Kirmānī ((1225-1288 AH /1810- 1871 CE)

• Karīm Khān Kirmānī was the son of Ibrāhīm Khān Ẓahīr al-Dawla (d. 1240/1824-5), a cousin and son-in-law of Fatḥ `Ali Shāh (1771-1834), the second Qajar Shah who ruled from 1797 until 1834. Kirmani's father was at one time the governor of Khurasan and later, for the last 21 years of his life, was governor of Kirmān and Baluchistan (Raḍawī, Tadhkirat al-awlīyā, 56 ref. MacEoin, 1982). He apparently had forty wives and something like 20 sons and 21 daughters. The mother of Karim Khan Kirmani, who gave birth to him on 18 Muḥarram 1225/ 23rd February 1810, was the daughter of Mīrzā Raḥīm the mustawfi of Tiflis (ibid, 8+refs.)....

• Karīm Khān Kirmānī was an extremely well-educated and polymathic individual. He clalmed leadership of the Shaykhī school after the passing of Sayyid Kazim Rashti (d.1259[60]/ 1843[4]) its second leader. He very early on rejected the messianic and related claims of Sayyid `Ali Muhammad (1819-1850) the Bāb in his

البابيه رد فى الباطل ازهاق ..Risāla izhāq al-bāṭil fī radd al-bābiyya   رساله ("The Crushing of Falsehood in Refutation of Bābism") and produced a dozen or more anti-Babi-Baha'i tracts and works

Who were famous Sheikhi in Iran

Sayad Kazem RashtiBabSatar Khan Seghatallahaslam TabriziAgha Khan KermaniAshraf Ahmadi ( Senate Man)Professor Jade Babaei (Head of Poly Technic

university)

Davan Village of the current situation

Davan village for being a steep stair is almost so that in many rural parts of the yard of a house with a roof Hmtraz home

village is poor, although Davan has a homogeneous culture, but physically separate from the second place (Place top and bottom) consists of a long street with steep from East to West boundary between two places can set. Cultural centrality of the village's pre-Islamic fire temple was a monument known as Sheikh today is excellent. The cultural centrality of the physical construction has impacted villages.. Tomb of King Solomon after Islam formed the village center and fire temple after becoming the tomb of the fifth century AH Davan scholars after a village has two cultural centrality. Davan village architecture because of elements such as stone, wood, gypsum, lime a lot of villages and the surrounding environment is found, a special Islamic period architecture and city to display Kazerun leaves. Because of the mountainous region being the main raw material of stone architecture that Davan can provide immense found.. Oak roof to roof clay, gypsum, which has been used as mortar, raw material from the surrounding hills Kazerun that mine are made very wide, lime latest materials used in architecture is home. Tomb of Sheikh Chhartaqy remains high among the Sassanid era that the hyper-dome located in the Islamic period and added to the north side of the circuit can be seen.. Into the fabric of village houses and steep streets has led facilities services - welfare to be slow.. This village of just the ring of mountains located and Nature Tourism and more attractive for tourists has created.. After World War II, they began to migrate to other cities of Iran, Kuwait and other parts of the world were.. After immigrating Davani never forget his hometown and always Brand Davan Consider and it helps while migration also always continues. Davan people want them as far as is possible in the development of the partnership and so Davan can be one of the most developed villages in Iran have said that at least two roads, three schools, health centers, various shops, water supply network, electric facilities, the center post and telephone. Each year in the hot summer days, Davani from around the world come to visit Davan and those who are still staying in the village, meet

Davan Village of the current situation (2)

temple was a monument known as Sheikh today is excellent. The cultural centrality of the physical construction has impacted villages.. Tomb of King Solomon after Islam formed the village center and fire temple after becoming the tomb of the fifth century AH Davan scholars after a village has two cultural centrality. Davan village architecture because of elements such as stone, wood, gypsum, lime a lot of villages and the surrounding environment is found, a special Islamic period architecture and city to display Kazerun leaves. Because of the mountainous region being the main raw material of stone architecture that Davan can provide immense found.. Oak roof to roof clay, gypsum, which has been used as mortar, raw material from the surrounding hills Kazerun that mine are made very wide, lime latest materials used in architecture is home. Tomb of Sheikh Chhartaqy remains high among the Sassanid era that the hyper-dome located in the Islamic period and added to the north side of the circuit can be seen.. Into the fabric of village houses and steep streets has led facilities services - welfare to be slow.. This village of just the ring of mountains located and Nature Tourism and more attractive for tourists has created.. After World War II, they began to migrate to other cities of Iran, Kuwait and other parts of the world were.. After immigrating Davani never forget his hometown and always Nbrdnd Davan Consider and it helps while migration also always continues. Davan people want them as far as is possible in the development of the partnership and so Davan can be one of the most developed villages in Iran have said that at least two roads, three schools, health centers, various shops, water supply network, electric facilities, the center post and telephone. Each year in the hot summer days, Davani from around the world come to visit Davan and those who are still staying in the village, meet

Davani Economy The economy of Davan was based on agriculture. The

general pattern of economic production was feudal system. This system was abolished in Davan for the first time in Iran, at the beginning of 20th century. As a result, the Davanis became independent peasants. Their main production have been grape and grain. Some of them migrated to port of Booshehr and Bahrain Island of Persian Gulf before First World War. Between two world wars, they continued to migrate to industrial city of Abadan. After World War II, they started migration to Kuwait and other cities of Iran, as well as other parts of the world.

Davani favorite

Davanis never forget Davan after their migration. They always have eyes on Davan and help their village. As a result, Davan has survived the migration. The people of Davan like to participate in Davan development. Therefore, Davan is one of the most developed villages of Iran. It has two roads, three schools, post and telephone office, health care center, shops, drinking water supply, electric facilities, bank and so on. Every year, during the summer, Davanis from all over the world come to visit Davan and reunion with those who have stayed in Davan.

Davani and political1- In the first and second world war many

Davani people were fighting against foreigners ( UK) in the sought of Iran.

2-Davan Village hasn’t any time semi colonist or colonist

3- Davani people specially davani immigrant to Abadan were involved in political struggle against Dictators many of Davani people were member Toudeh party in 1921 till 1953

Davan Wildlife

Many animals live in Davan which has turned into a natural park, and families of birds including hawk, pheasant, owl, wings crimson, Woodpecker, Tuka and insects such as cockroaches jinn, bees and insects that fit in the normal Davani dialect called books. Here, more creatures that lived in Davan are, respectively, are categorized: ▪The first group includes leopard, hyena, white bear, brown bear, panther, wolf and boar ▪ The second group consists of hedgehog and hedgehog ▪ The third group includes fox, badger, otter and rabbit ▪ The fourth group includes domestic cat and ferret ▪ fifth group includes another type of squirrel, rat and mouse black ▪ sixth group includes Rtyl, yellow and black scorpions G includes deer, mountain goat, ewe and ram

Davanis Philosopher

al-Dawani, Jalal al-Din (1426-1502)• Jalal al-Din al-Dawani was a prominent philosopher and theologian from Shiraz, who came to the note of Western scholars

through an English translation of his ethical treatise the Akhlaq-e Jalali (Jalalean Ethics), published in 1839. Although the larger part of his work written in Arabic has been little studied, he did write extensively and engaged in a famous and lengthy philosophical dispute with another leading philosopher, Sadr al-Din al-Dashtaki. His metaphysical views were quoted, and refuted, by Mulla Sadra. He emerges as a thinker who combined elements of illuminationist and Peripatetic philosophy (and possibly also interests in Ibn al-'Arabi) to confront theological, ethical, political and mystical concerns.

• Jalal al-Din Muhammad ibn As'ad al-Dawani (or Dawwani) was born near Kazarun, southern Iran, in the village of Davan in ah 830 (ad 1426). He first studied there with his father, who had been taught by the Sayyid al-Sharif al-Jurjani (d. ah 816/ad 1413), before going on to further and complete his education in philosophy, theology and law in Shiraz. In common with the other leading religious scholars of his time and place, he was directly caught up in the turbulent politics of Iran in the second half of the ninth century ah (fifteenth century ad). He was inducted into various religious offices, and many of his works were dedicated to Aq Qoyunlu and other Timurid rulers and princes. He also achieved fame as a teacher in the Begum madrasa (Dar al-Aytam) in Shiraz. The question of his religious allegiance, whether Sunni or Shi'i (he wrote theological works of both persuasions), has always been the subject of debate and of many fanciful stories, but it may be of comparatively slight significance given the situation in the Iran of his time, which was marked by a Sunnism with a strong Shi'i colouring. He died in ah 908/ad 1502 near Kazarun, a year or so before the Safavid capture of Shiraz, and is buried in his home town.

• Al-Dawani first came to the attention of Western scholarship through the 1839 English translation of his Persian ethical work, the Akhlaq-e Jalali (Jalalean Ethics), more correctly known under its original title of Lawami' al-ishraq fi makarim al-akhlaq (Lustres of Illumination on the Noble Virtues). Al-Dawani's text marks a third stage in the development of the ethical strand of writing begun by Ibn Miskawayh with the Tahdhib al-akhlaq (Cultivation of Morals) and continued by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi with his Akhlaq-e Nasiri (Nasirean Ethics), on which al-Dawani's work is closely modelled. Al-Dawani retains al-Tusi's division of the text into three sections - ethics, economics and politics - and subdivides his work similarly, although significantly he entirely omits al-Tusi's theoretical first section of the ethics. The title, Lawami' al-ishraq (Lustres of Illumination), may indicate the author's ishraqi (illuminations) and mystical concerns. The political content of the work has been of some interest to historians, as regards both its descriptions of the ideal ruler and the titles used for its dedicatee, the Aq Qoyunlu Uzun Hasan, which betray a possible ishraqi influence and seem to foreshadow the extravagant claims of Isma'il , the first Safavid monarch of Iran.

12 Clans of Davan

Zir Ballat – Khajemirak-dehdaranBapir-MahdaliJamal- KashamsaliKhajeh- Mollaha- FoghahaJamali- Fakhrou- Khodadiou

Davanis Philosphers Molana Jalalaldin Davani Shiekh Ali ben Ahmad Khoatib Shiekh Abou Naeim Mohsen Khatib abou saad Abdolrazagh Molana Mohammad ben davoud Molana Emadaldin Ahmad Davani Molana Jalalaldin Davani Molla abdolsaheb Davani Agha shiekhali Davani Molla Mohamad Ebrahim Allamezadeh Shiekh Ali Davani

Davani’s peoples benevolentHaj Mohammad Karim DavaniKarim AhsaeHaydarAli DavaniNaser MohagheghzadehAlimohamad JamaliZolfaghar ArshadiAnd more add……………………………………

Davani famous

Haj Mohamad Karim Davani Kal abbasali Etemadi Kal Mohamadali Mohaghegh Kal Hossein Etemadi Haydarali Davani Haj mahammad Eskari Haj Hossein Davani Haj Habib Ahmadpour Naser Mohaghegh And more…….

Davanis revolutionaryMiraza Ahmad Bahadoran (Ahmad Kal

abbas) Gholam Kal Mahsan MontazerColonel Esmail Mohagheghzadeh Behzad Amiri Davani Behrouz Amiri DavaniAnd add more………………………………………

Davani people who were smart in Poker( Hokm Game)

1- Nasir Jamali2- Morad Babae3- Haydarali Davani4- Karim Karimzadeh5- Mahdi Robae6- Barat Ghasemi

Davanis Writers

Shiekh Ali DavaniDr. Abdolali Lahsaeizadeh Gholamhossein DavaniAbdolnabi SalamiFarzaneh DavaniAnd more……………..

Davani’s famous hunters

Shahryar Khajeh( Kal mohammad Reza)

SambouOllaKhan Ali

Davani most Famous Welder & Pipe-layer

Rahman Zareh ( Lavan Co.)Morteza Bapiri (IranPumpCo)Hossein Khalili(Davan asil)Sarda HajizadehMohammad DehdaranAbbasali ZarehSadegh AhmadPourAli AsadiAnd more ..

Ancient Tour look at our history as the stone says.

Where we are living

Ancient

Ashiekh-Aly

Ashiekh-Aly

Ashiekh-Aly

Shah Solayman Mask

Stony printing

Cooking on fire

Water Spring

Animals Water Pool

Houses

Bridge

Baryo Pain

New Bath in Davan

Stones Fossile

Jalaleldine cave

Baryo Bala( Spring up)

Davan nature

Davan Platau

Davan New Bath

Lion Ston

Plughtman

Vintage

Tele-Mourk Green Natural

Dauther Castle

Bridge of Davan Road

Flowerpot

Historical Boulder

Satellite picture

Davan Jangle

Davan Houses

Mountain Pavilion

Stony Wall

Hayat Ghib( Invisible yard)

Valley of Daughter Castle

Amanat Castle

Pitchers stony-Amanat Valley

Stones monuments-Amanat Valley

Water lace

Davan Satellite picture

Davan Satellite Picture

Foot of Mountain

Vintage

Dava Mountain

Davan Sunset

Beauty View

Davan agriculture lands

Dava Plaeu

View in sping

Baryo paein Lace

Old Woman beside Oven

Lace

Tree View

Baryo Bala

Water Storage

Cave Molana Jalalaldin

Water Lace

Alame Davani school – 1870 BC old

Daughter Castle

Tower of Daughter castle

Hayat Ghib( Invisible yard)

Slate Kofi ( Hayat Ghib)- Invisible Coutry Yard

Minaret

Pillar Pile Stony-Amanat Valley

Castle water storge

My Land

Beautiful Village

Historical stoney-Hayat Ghib

Ashora and Tasoa

Haydar-ali Davani Son of Gholamhossein the Man who loved Davan and never forget Davanian

Jan 23, 1992 Shiraz-Iran

The Man who was hope for hopeless peoples

Davani Specialists

Title & Name Degree(s) & Specialty Contact Info Dr. Abdolali Lahsaeizadeh Professor of Sociology Ph. D. SociologyRural SociologySociology of Development Department of SociologyCollege of Social SciencesShiraz UniversityShiraz, Iran 71945Home: +98 (711) 6250643Office: +98 (711) 6289661Fax: +98 (71) 669225Email: lahsaei@rose.shirazu.ac.irEmail: lahsaei@yahoo.comEmail: abdolali.lahsaeizadeh@gmail.com

Sources1- "History and Culture of Davan", by Dr. Abdolali

Lahsaeizadeh and Abdolnabi Salami; Tehran; Ettela'at publication; 1370 (1991).

2-www.davan.info3-www.bakhshandeh.ir4-www.iranica.com5- Wikipedia6-www.davan.40sotoon.net7- Iran newspaper8- Memories of Davani’s peoples9-www.davan405.ir