The Industrial The Industrial RevolutionRevolution

World HistoryWorld History

Pre-Industrial RevolutionPre-Industrial Revolution

Village life Village life dominated – nearly dominated – nearly self sufficientself sufficient

Most villagers were Most villagers were farmers – simple farmers – simple methods were usedmethods were used

Entire family was Entire family was involvedinvolved

Early industries – Early industries – wool & coal wool & coal (domestic system) (domestic system)

Industrial Revolution Begins In Industrial Revolution Begins In Great BritainGreat Britain

Had capitalHad capital Large scale farmingLarge scale farming CommerceCommerce Slave trade (?)Slave trade (?)

Had natural resourcesHad natural resources CoalCoal Iron oreIron ore Large network of riversLarge network of rivers Good harborsGood harbors

Labor SupplyLabor Supply Growing populationGrowing population Improved farming (crop Improved farming (crop

rotation)rotation) Farm workers moved to Farm workers moved to

industrial areas (enclosures)industrial areas (enclosures) EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs

Growth of IndustryGrowth of Industry Growth of factories – Growth of factories –

use water, coal, and use water, coal, and steam to power textile steam to power textile machinerymachinery

Canals link coal fields Canals link coal fields and industrial centersand industrial centers

Steam powered Steam powered engines for ships and engines for ships and boatsboats

Spreads to France, Spreads to France, Germany, and Germany, and Northeastern United Northeastern United StatesStates

Mass production from Mass production from interchangeable parts, interchangeable parts, division of labor, and division of labor, and the assembly line the assembly line

Effects of the Effects of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

World HistoryWorld History

Positive EffectsPositive Effects Increased world Increased world

productivityproductivity Synthetic materials are Synthetic materials are

developeddeveloped New inventions improved New inventions improved

quality of life for manyquality of life for many Growth of railroadsGrowth of railroads Death rates fell (people ate Death rates fell (people ate

better and kept cleaner)better and kept cleaner) Birth rates fell (family Birth rates fell (family

planning practiced because planning practiced because people didn’t need large people didn’t need large families to ensure survival)families to ensure survival)

Population growth Population growth stabilizedstabilized

New entrepreneurs emergeNew entrepreneurs emerge Labor eventually organizes Labor eventually organizes

(unions)(unions)

Positive EffectsPositive Effects New opportunities for New opportunities for

womenwomen Rise of the middle class Rise of the middle class

– size, power, and – size, power, and wealth expandedwealth expanded

Social structure Social structure becomes more flexiblebecomes more flexible

Mechanization Mechanization increased farm increased farm productionproduction

Application of science Application of science to study of health to study of health resulted in preventative resulted in preventative medicine medicine

(?) Steamship travel (?) Steamship travel allowed for Europeans allowed for Europeans to reach interior of to reach interior of continentscontinents

Negative EffectsNegative Effects Handicraft workers were Handicraft workers were

displaced (some fall into displaced (some fall into poverty)poverty)

Child labor used in factories & Child labor used in factories & minesmines

Miserable working conditions - Miserable working conditions - workplaces were cramped and workplaces were cramped and dirty year rounddirty year round

Monotonous work with heavy, Monotonous work with heavy, noisy, repetitive machinerynoisy, repetitive machinery

Dangerous working conditions Dangerous working conditions – fingers, limbs & lives lost – fingers, limbs & lives lost

Long working hours – six days Long working hours – six days a weeka week

Rigid schedules ruled each Rigid schedules ruled each dayday

Gas, candle & oil lamps Gas, candle & oil lamps created soot and smoke in created soot and smoke in factoriesfactories

Diseases such as pneumonia Diseases such as pneumonia & tuberculosis spread through & tuberculosis spread through factoriesfactories

Negative EffectsNegative Effects Coal dust in coal mines led Coal dust in coal mines led

to breathing problemsto breathing problems Labor unrest leads to Labor unrest leads to

demonstrations (sometimes demonstrations (sometimes violent)violent)

Strikes take placeStrikes take place Women were paid less then Women were paid less then

men (were actually men (were actually preferred)preferred)

Indentured workersIndentured workers Employers had a more Employers had a more

impersonal relationship with impersonal relationship with employeesemployees

Tenement housing was Tenement housing was poorly constructed, crowded, poorly constructed, crowded, and coldand cold

Human and industrial waste Human and industrial waste contaminated water supplies contaminated water supplies – typhoid and cholera spread– typhoid and cholera spread

Negative EffectsNegative Effects

Air pollution increased Air pollution increased over cities and industrial over cities and industrial areasareas

Technological changes Technological changes eroded the balance of eroded the balance of power in Europepower in Europe

Contributed to the Contributed to the growth of imperialism growth of imperialism and communism (Marx’s and communism (Marx’s & Engels’ theories)& Engels’ theories)

Produced weaponry that Produced weaponry that gave Western nations a gave Western nations a military advantage over military advantage over developing nationsdeveloping nations

Not Necessarily Good or BadNot Necessarily Good or Bad

The location of work places changed The location of work places changed as more goods were produced away as more goods were produced away from the home environmentfrom the home environment

Educational systems emphasized Educational systems emphasized more science, technology, and more science, technology, and businessbusiness

A global economy began to emergeA global economy began to emerge

Economic EffectsEconomic Effects

New inventions and New inventions and development of development of factoriesfactories

Rapidly growing Rapidly growing industry in the 1800sindustry in the 1800s

Increased production Increased production and higher demand and higher demand for raw materials for raw materials growth of worldwide growth of worldwide tradetrade

Population explosion Population explosion and expanding labor and expanding labor forceforce

Exploitation of mineral Exploitation of mineral resourcesresources

Highly developed Highly developed banking and banking and investment systeminvestment system

Advances in Advances in transportation, transportation, agriculture, and agriculture, and communicationcommunication

Social EffectsSocial Effects

Increase in Increase in population of citiespopulation of cities

Lack of planningLack of planning Loss of family Loss of family

stabilitystability Expansion of middle Expansion of middle

classclass Harsh conditions for Harsh conditions for

laborers, including laborers, including childrenchildren

Workers’ progress Workers’ progress versus laissez-faire versus laissez-faire economic attitudeseconomic attitudes

Improved standard Improved standard of livingof living

Creation of new Creation of new jobsjobs

Encouragement of Encouragement of technological technological progressprogress

Political EffectsPolitical Effects

Child labor laws to Child labor laws to end abusesend abuses

Reformers urging Reformers urging equal distribution equal distribution of wealthof wealth

Trade unions Trade unions formedformed

Social reform Social reform movements, such movements, such as utilitarianism, as utilitarianism, utopianism, utopianism, socialism, and socialism, and MarxismMarxism

Reform bills in Reform bills in Parliament and Parliament and CongressCongress