History of Athens

8/8/2019 History of Athens

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Athens, the City of Cities, ofwisdom, of intellect and wit


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"Our city (Athens) is recognized -

acknowledged as the most ancient, the

greatest and the most famous

influential one in the entire world

(Isocrates "Panegyric", 23 -25)


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Acropolis of Athens, Parthenon


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Oh you glimmering and violet-crownedworld-

renownedAthens, multi-chanted pillar of Hellas(Greece), inspiring city! ( Pindar, 518- 438 b.C.)


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ATHENS, THE CITY OF CITIES,

OF WISDOM

A. KRASSANAKISDirector, Ministry of Culture

& President, Personnel Department


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TRANSLATION IN ENGISH

Art Perdikis


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Fortunate is he who knows and understands

history, Euripides (485-406, b.C.)


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General view of Athens,Acropolis, odium etc


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Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens


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THE CONSTRUCTION (BUILTING)OF ATHENS

The city of the Athenians, according to Apollothoros

(ancient writer), was built by the king of AtticaKekrops, who reigned according to the Pario

Chronicle the year 1318 prior to the Diognito =

1582 b.C., and for the citys name invited the Gods

to compete..


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First came to compete the god of the sea, Poseidon,

who proposed to king Kekrops that the city be namedafter him, that is to say be named "Poseidonia" and as a

reward he would declare the city ruler of the seas. Of

course, in order to prove the validity of his commitment

he struck with his trident the enormous rock of the hill(the rock of Acropolis) and from this action

immediately sprung seawater..


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Afterwards came Athena, the goddess of wisdom, whoproposed to Kekrops that the city be named after her,

that is to say be named "Athena" and that she would

reward the city with prosperity. Of course, in order toprove the validity of her commitment she struck the

rock of the hill with her spear and from this action

immediately grew an olive tree.


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Shortly thereafter, the 12 Olympian gods (i.e. Zeus,

Hera, Poseidon, Demetra,Ares, Hermes, Hephaestus,

Aphrodite,Athena,Apollo,Artemis, Hestia) as criticsof the competition, declared Athena the victor,

whose wisdom helped create the magnificent city-

state of Athens with its unsurpassed Athenian

culture..


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GODDES ATHENA


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The Academy of Athens


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GOD APOLLO


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ORIGIN OF THE ATHENIANS

The Athenians were of Hellenic (Greek) and

particularly Pelasgian origin, according toHerodotus (H, 44). Pelasgians were called the

natives, the first residents (indigenous) of

Greece, whose main sects (races) were, the:

Ionians, Achaeans', Dorians and the Aeolians.


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According to Pario Chronicle, Herodotus, D.Sikeliotis, Stravon etc, in 1500 b.C. the Danaeans,

the Kadmeans and the Jews were expelled from

Egypt and from them the Danaeans went to Greece

and mixed with the Achaeans of Argos (=

Peloponnese, and thus Achaeans = Danaeans =

Argoes) and the Kadmeans via Egypt and Phoenicia

went to Viotia where they built the city of Thebes,in memory of (Egyptian) Thebes.


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The Athenian ancient writers: Xenofon (Epitaph 4), Plato

(Menexenos, 245 c-d), Isocrates etc called the Athenians

natives and also noble Greeks, that is to say superior andgenuinely pure, (autochthonous, endemic) Greeks, because:

A) in Attica there had never lived any barbarians, as there had

been in Peloponnesus where the Pelopes and Danaeans hadgone and in Viotia where the Kadmeans or Thebans had gone.

B) The Athenians had never conquered any other Greeks, as had

done for example the Dorian Spartans who had left from StereaHellas (Dorida) and had gone and occupied (conquests) their

Achaeans (Messenians, Argoians, and others) in Peloponnesus.


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The Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens,


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The Caryatides, Acropolis, Athens,


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The Odeon of Herodes Atticus,

under the Acropolis


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ATHENSS CONTRIBUTION

(OFFERING) TO THE WORLD

Herodotus (History), Plato (Menexenos, Laws D,

106), Stravon, Diodorus and others report that

due to the heroes and the dead of Athens andSparta in the ground-fields and naval sea-

battles: Thermopiles, Plataies, Salamis and

others that not only Greece, but the entire

continent of Europe avoided becoming the land

of barbarians.


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For Athens alone among her contemporaries is

found when tested to be greater than herreputation, Pericless Funeral Oration, Thucydides

(431 b.C.)


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Ippias the Illios (Platos Protagoras, 337 D)calls ancient Athens "rector of wisdom"

and Diodoros Sikeliotis (1st century b.C..)

"common training school of all humanity".


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,

,


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ATHENS, THE CITY

OF WISDOM, of INTELLECT and WIT

Following the Persian wars, Athens becomes the city of Wisdom,intellect, letters and arts. Expressly, Plutarch (Lycurgus andSolon), Diogenes Laertius (Epimenides), Plato (Laws andMinos) as well as others report that the Spartans with

Lycurgus and the Athenians with Solon copied the CretanStates laws, constitution, etc. (Minoan culture) and thus, theypolished and refined their civilization and prospered. In thetimes that followed, the Athenians developed even more thenurturing of the mind, in the arts, letters and sciences while

the Spartans concentrated on the development of the bodyand in military arts.


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Consequently Athens is the place where

humanism, philosophy, arts & science and

democracy were conceived, developed andimplemented.

Consequently the offer of Athens in the world

culture is enormous


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"Our city (Athens) has exceeded by so much the

rest of the other people in regard to thought and

reason, so much so that her students have

become schoolteachers of others whereby the

name of the Greeks is being used henceforth notas defining our origin, but to define the cultivated

mind and to call even much more Greeks those

who possess our own education and training,

instead of those who belong to the same race with

us.". (Isocrates, "Panegyrikos, 50").


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Demosthenes the orator with his reasoningspeeches prompted the Greeks to bestow

upon Athens the hegemony of all Greece,

because it is the city of wisdom (intelligent)

and from wisdom (through discoveries andinventions) all people profit, instead of Sparta

or Pella of Macedonia, because these were

the cities of physical exercise and force, andthat from force no one benefits except the

only one who possesses it.


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,


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UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS


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The Greek parliament building


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The Parliament, Athens,


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THE BIRTH of DEMOCRACY

IN ATHENS

The year 987 prior to Diognito = 1251 b.C.., according

to the Pario Chronicle, Thyseas unites the 12

districts of Attica: Elefsina, Piraeus, Kydathenaeon,Kekropia etc and imposes that this union be

managed by a body that is constituted by a

representative from each district instead of a king

or one only leader. The people, the population ofAttica that resulted from this unification was

named "municipality" and the new system of

governing "democracy".


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In Greek Parliament,Greek soldier with ethnic


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MONUMENT OF UNKNW SOLDIER, EVZONOI = TSOLIADES


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Omonoia square


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Syntagma square


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Metropolitan church


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,


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= PIRAEUS

THE PORT OF ATHENS


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=

PIRAEUS


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Theater


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Center of Piraeus


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The historical town of Piraeus


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TOURISTPORTOF PIRAEUS = E, ZEAS


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COMMERCIAL PORT OF PIRAEUS


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COMMERCIAL PORTOF PIRAEUS = E


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= GREAT THE SEA-FARING STATE,

THE GREEK STATE OF SEA THEY IS ENORMOUS

SEA-FARING (THALASSOKRATORIA OF)

CRETANS AND ATHENIANS


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ATHENS COIN


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ATHENS COIN

In memory of Themistocles


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Merchant and Military Naval Ships,

Athens Cylix 6 century b.C. ( Louver Museum.)

G k bi


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Greek bireme


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Argonauts on board

their ship Argo, 420

- 390 BC.


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Athenians sailors, trireme curving on a rock, in

Acropolis of Athens.


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AIR PORT EL. VENIZELOS


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THE AIR PORT OF ATHENS

EL. VENIZELOS


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Olympic athletic centre of Athens (OAKA)

Olympic Games in 2004


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History of Athens