HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD ILLINOIS RIVER BRIDGE Documents/… · HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD ILLINOIS RIVER BRIDGE ... reinforced concrete arch bridge. ... in

HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD

ILLINOIS RIVER BRIDGE

(Midway Bridge)

HAER NO. AR-28

LOCATION:

DATE OF CONSTRUCTION:

CONTRACTOR:

PRESENT OWNER:

PRESENT USE:

/4 SIGNIFICANCE:

HISTORIAN:

DESCRIPTION BY:

Spanning the Illinois River on Benton County Road 3 near Siloarn Springs, Benton County, Arkansas.

UTM: 151N4003 1701E371060 QUAD: Gallatin, Arkansas

Luten Bridge Company, Knoxville, Tennessee.

Benton County, Arkansas.

Vehicular bridge.

Completed in 1922, the Illinois River Bridge was designed by Daniel B. Luten, the owner of more than fifty patents on reinforced concrete arch bridges. This intact, 130-foot, two-span concrete bridge in northwest Arkansas is one of state's best examples of an early twentieth century reinforced concrete arch bridge.

Kathryn Steen

Corime Smith

Arkansas Historic Bridge Recording Project, 1988.

ILLINOIS RIVER BRIDGE (MIDWAY BRIDGE) HAER NO. AR-28 PAGE 2

ILLINOIS RIVER

The Illinois River starts in northwest Arkansas west of Fayetteville, loops north for a short

while and then proceeds to flow southwest, eventually running into the Arkansas River east of

Muskogee, Oklahoma. Probably named after the Indian tribe, the river flows through the scenic

territory of the Ozarks. In its early stages, the Illinois is crossed by a concrete arch bridge. Over

the years, this Illinois River Bridge has acquired the secondary name Midway Bridge due to its

location half way along the six miles of gravel road between Highway 16 and Highway 68.(1)

BIDDING

On January 26, 1922, Benton County Judge Joe Beasley took several bids for the proposed

Illinois River Bridge. There were offers from three steel bridge manufacturers and the Luten Bridge

Company of Knoxville, Tennessee, which specialized in reinforced concrete arch bridges. Though

at least one steel bridge firm offered a lower price than Luten's $7,500 bid, the concrete bridge offer

was chosen because ". . .the judge thought that in the long run a concrete bridge would be more

enduring and require but little upkeep. "(2)

The year 1922 was the last year the bridge type could be decided upon by county judges: the

Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department was formed in 1923 and instituted a

standardized bridge design. (3)


PLANS

The original plans for the 130-foot bridge are available at the Benton County Courthouse in

Bentonville, Arkansas. The final, revised set of plans is dated January 6, 1922, the revision being

from a July 25, 1921, set. There are drawings of the elevation, and half section views of the crown,

pier and roadway. The name on the plans is Daniel B. Luten.(4) Luten was a well-known engineer

of reinforced concrete arch bridges, having more than fifty patents dealing with their construction.

There were about 14,000 Luten designed bridges in existence by 1925.(5) A 1907 brochure from

the National Bridge Company, a company that Luten headed in the 1920s, expounded

". . .[t]he Luten arch combines numerous improvements in arch reinforcement and construction tending to increase the strength, durability and efficiency of the structure. . . .The Luten type of arch, requiring but a single series of reinforcing members, is the simplest and easiest type of reinforced arch to erect that has yet been devised. " (6)

The specifications that accompany the plans state that Luten, as designing engineer, was to receive

10 percent of the total cost for the bridge.(7)

CONTRACT

Also in the Benton County Courthouse is the original County Court Record, which includes

a transcribed copy of the contract between the Luten Bridge Company and Benton County Judge Joe

Beasley and the two other bridge commissioners Lon Williams and J.R. Gamble. The bridge

company was committed to providing a reinforced concrete arch ". . .on the Illinois River near the

mouth of the Chamber Spring Branch," and to complete the job in no more than 120 days after

n February 1, 1922. On the other side, the county would pay the company $7,500 in two


payments--one third when the piers and abutment were done and the other $5000 when the entire

structure was turned over to the county. In addition, the county would allow the company to take

sand and gravel from the site and close off the bridge area to traffic. The contract is signed by the

Benton County Bridge Commissioners and the Luten agent, D.H. Daugherty. Along with the

contract is the National Surety Company Bond dated January 30, 1922.(8)

On August 2, 1922, the Illinois River Bridge was formally accepted by the Benton County

Court. The bridge commissioners were finished with their paid positions and the final $5000 went

to the Luten Bridge Company on September 5, 1922.(9)

ENGINEERING DESCRIPTION n

The Illinois River Bridge is a two-span, reinforced concrete arch bridge. Each elliptical arch

is 65 feet long and contributes to the total bridge length of 145 feet. Concrete is an ideal material

for an arch, which is theoretically a compression structure. Concrete is strong in compression, but

cannot support tension forces of any great magnitude. In practice, tension is introduced in an arch

bridge by the uneven loading produced by a traveling vehicle. To support its tensile forces, the

Illinois River Bridge is reinforced with three-quarter inch steel rods. The rods cross the arch near

the surface and then bend up through the spandrel walls. This reinforcement geometry is based on

the Luten Patent of 1907. As specified for the bridge, the spandrel walls were poured monolithically

with the face of the arch rings. The spandrels are filled with gravel to form the 12-foot-wide bridge

deck.

The bridge is unadorned except for parapets on either side. The exterior and interior surfaces /4

of the 4-foot-high and 6-inch-thick parapets are decorated with panels formed by indentations in the


wall plane. The posts on the bridge deck directly over the center pier contain plaques with

information about the bridge designers and builders.

The downstream side of the center pier is triangular in shape to divert water and debris away

from the pier. The other side of the center pier is rectangular. The concrete abutment walls are

winged to retain the river banks.


ENDNOTES

1. Kenneth L. Smith, Illinois River (Little Rock, Arkansas: The Ozark Society Foundation, 1977), p. 16.

2. "Concrete Bridge on Illinois," Rogers Democrat Vol. 41, No. 14 (February 9, 1922), p. 6.; Benton County Court Record, Vol. X, February 6, 1922, p. 49.

3. Arkansas Historic Preservation Program, "Individual Data Sheet: Illinois River Bridge," Historic Brid~es National Re~ister.

4. Daniel B. Luten, plans for the Illinois River Bridge over Illinois River, Benton County, Arkansas, January 6, 1922.

5. John William Leonard, Who's Who in Engineering. 1925, 2nd ed. (New York City: Who's Who Publications, Inc., 1925), p. 1305. -

6. National Bridge Company, Reinforced Concrete Brid~es: Luten Patents (Indianapolis, Indiana: National Bridge Company, 1907), pp. 70, 87.

7. Specifications for Concrete Bridge over Illinois River, Benton County, Arkansas, Section 50, "Engineering."

8. Luten Bridge Company contract, Benton County Court Record, Vol. X, February 7, 1922, pp. 50-51.

9. Benton County Court Record, Vol. X, August 2, 1922, p. 97.


BIBLIOGRAPHY

Arkansas Historic Preservation Program. "Individual Data Sheet: Illinois River Bridge." Historic Bridges National Re~ister.

Benton Countv Court Record. Vol. X, February 6, 1922, p. 49; August 2, 1922, p. 97.

"Concrete Bridge on Illinois." Ropers Democrat. Vol. 41, No. 14 (February 9, 1922), p. 6.

Leonard, John William. Who's Who in Engineering. 1925. 2nd ed. New York City: Who's Who Publications, Inc., 1925), p. 1305.

Luten Bridge Company contract. Benton County Court Record. Vol. X, February 7, 1922, pp. 50-5 1.

Luten, Daniel B. Plans for the Illinois River Bridge over Illinois River, Benton County, Arkansas. January 6, 1922.

n National Bridge Company. Reinforced Concrete Bridpes: Luten Patents. Indianapolis, Indiana: National Bridge Company, 1907.

Smith, Kenneth L. Illinois River. Little Rock, Arkansas: The Ozark Society Foundation, 1977.

Specifications for Concrete Bridge over Illinois River, Benton County, Arkansas, Section 50, "Engineering. "

Benton County Court Record, Vol. X, February 7, 1922 p. 50

LUTEN BRIDGE COMPANY CONTRACT

This A G ~ E M E N T , made t h i s 26th day of Jenuary, A.D. 1922, by and between the Luten Bridge Company, of Xnoxvfllet T e ~ e s s e e , party of the f i r s t pa r t and Judge Joe Beasley, Lon Wil l iama and J.R. Gamble, Bridge Commissioners of Benton County, Ark., of Benton County, S ta te of Arkamas, party of the second part.

Witnesseth: That the party of the f i r s t pa& hereby contracts and agrees t o and with the pasty of the second part, t o furnish material f o r and t o construct One reinforced concrete Arch bridge of the following general dimensions Two spans of 65' each located on the I l l i n o i s River near the mouth of the Chamber Spring Branch, Benton County, a l l in accordance with the plans and specifications attached hereto and forming a part of t h i s contract.

The said party of the f i r s t pest hereby agrees t o complete the work specified herein within 120 working days from and a f t e r February lst, provided tha t the weather or condition of said streiuu be such as t o permit the prosecution of said work within the time specified, o r tha t they are not delayed by causes beyond t h e i r control, i n which event the time f o r completion of said bridge sha l l be extended f o r a period of time equal t o such delw.

The said party of the f i r s t part hereby further agrees before commencing the work t o furnish a bond, in the penal sum of $7,500.00 f o r the f a i th fu l performance of t h i s contraet which band sha l l remain in f u l l force and effect f o r one year from i t s date as a guarantee that in case of f a i lu re of the bridge, due t o faul ty design, workmanship, or materials, pasty of the f i r s t part w i l l r epa i r o r rebuild the bridge at t h e i r own expense.

In consideration of the foregoing, the party of the second past hereby agrees t o pay t o the party of the f i r s t part the sum of Seven thousand f ive hundred, ($7,500.00) as follows, one th i rd t o be paid when abutments and piers

f i a re concreted and the remainder t o be paid upon completion and acceptance of the bridge. - The said pasty of the second part hereby fur ther agrees t o close the s i t e of bridge f o r t r a f f i c and give t o the said party of the f i r s t part f r ee use of materials and possession of s i t e of such bridge, and suff icient adjacent grounds, f o r the purpose of erection; t o provide a l l necessary stakes and l ines f o r the location of new work immediately upon not if icat ion of beginning of same, and t o inspect the work o r cause it t o be inspected immediately upon written notice of its completion.

It i s further agreed tha t the party of the f i r s t w i l l be permitted t o uae local sand and gravel found near the s i t e .

And f o r the performance of each and every a r t i c l e of t h i s agreement, the said parties hereby bind themselves by these presents.

In witness whereof, the part ies hereto have cause these presents t o be executed i n duplicate on the day and date f i r s t written above.

ATTEST t LUTEN BRIDCE COMPANY By D.H. Daugherty Party of ~econdPart, Bridge Committee of

Benton County. Joe Beasley, County Judge Lon Williams J.R. Gamble

Filed Feb. 7, 1922 I.C. Casey, County Clerk

n Examined and approved t h i s 7th day of Feb. 1922.

Joe Beasley, County Judge.

Benton County Court Record,' Vol. X, February 7, 1922 p. 51

NATIONAL SURETY COMPANY BOND

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: That we, LUTEN BRIIGE COMPANY, of Knoxville, Tennessee, as Principal,

and NATIONAL SURGlTY COMPANY, 115 Broadway, New York, New York, w.'Slirety, a re held and firmly bound Wto the STATE OF ARlANSAS f o r use and benefit of Benton County, Arkansas in the penal sum of SEVEN THOUSAND FTVE HUNDRED AND ~0/100 (57,500.00), lawful money of the United Stat- of America, t o be paid t o said STATE OF ARKANSAS f o r use and benefit of Benton County, Arkansas, t o which payment, well and t ru ly t o be made, we bind ourselves, our heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, jointly and severally by these presents.

Signed, sealed and delivered t h i s 30th day of January, 1922.

The condition of t h i s bond is as follows: That whereas the said LUTEN BRIDGE COMPANY, as Principal, has entered i n t o a contract with Benton County, Arkansas, by i ts Bridge Commissioners, Joe Beasley, (county Judge) Lon Williams and J.R. Gamble, fo r the construction of one 1 one hundred and t h i r t y foot (130' reinforced concrete arch bridge ( two 2 spans of sixty-five f e e t ( 6 5 ' ) 1 i 1 each complete, located on the I l l i n o i s River near the mouth of the Chamber Spring Branch in Benton County, Arkansas, which said bridge is more specif ical ly mentioned i n the said Contract, and i n the plans and specifications mentioned i n the Contract, such work t o be performed i n accordance with the terms and conditions of said Contract.

NOW, T?IEREFORE, i f the above bounden, LUTm BRIDGE COMPANY, sha l l in al l things stand t o and abide by and well and t ru ly observe, do, keep and perform a l l and singular the terms, covenants, guarantees and agreements in said contract t o be observed, kept, done and performed, and each of them, a t the

f i time and in the manner and form therein specified, and sha l l do and perform a l l the labor and work and sha l l furnish a l l the material as specified i n said -contract and the plans and specifications ther to attached and made a part thereof, and sha l l indemnify and save harmless said Conrmissioners of Benton County Bridge Commission, State of Arkansas, against any loss o r damage of whatever kind and character ar is ing o r occasioned by deed of negligence of said Principal, h i s agents, servants, and employees i n the prosecution of the work, or by reason of improper safe-guards o r incomplete protection t o the work, and sha l l pay a l l b i l l s f o r materials and labor entered in to the constuction of said work or used in the course of the performance of the work, and sha l l complete said work within the time specified in said Contract, then t h i s obligation sha l l be nu l l and void; otherwise t o remain in f u l l force and effect.

WITNESS OUR HANDS, t h i s the 30th day of January 1922.

ATTEST r LUTEN BRIIGE COMPANY, Principal N.M. Daugherty, Secy (L.s.) By D.H. Daugherty

G.S. Daugherty, Pres.

ATTEST r NATIONAL SURETY COYSANY Surety C.E. C l i f t (L.s.) By Joe F. Clifford, ~ e s l d e n t Vice-president Resident Assistant Secretary

Filed Feb. 7, 1922. I.C. Casey, County Clerk

Examined and approved t h i s 7th day of Reb. 1922. Joe Beasley, Co. Judge

Benton County Court Record, Voli X

Lon Williams, fo r services as Bridge Com, in and fo r Benton Co, on the I l l i n o i s n River Bridge Bridge Funds $30.00

John R. Gamble, f o r eervicee as Bridge Com, i n and f o r Benton Co, on the I l l i n o i s River Bridge Bridge Funds $30.00

February 6, 1922 PO 49

In the Matter of Letting Contract f o r Bridge Acrose I l l i n o i s River, Luten Bridge Company, Contractors.

On t h i s day the Court having under advisement the approval of Contract and Band of Luten Bridge Co, f o r bridge acrose I l l i n o i s River near mouth of 1;'

Chamber's Spring Branch, doth find tha t due notice being given t o bidder8 as required by law, on the 26th day of January, 1922, tha t at such let t ing, the Contract was l e t t o the Luten Bridge Col. of Knoxville, Tenn., f o r the sum of $7,500.00, said bridge t o consist of two concrete Arch Spans of 65 fee t each, tha t eaid Company haa entered in to contract as required by l a w .

It is therefore ordered tha t the action of the Bridge Commiesioners i n advertising and l e t t i n g contract t o Luten Bridge Co., be and the same is approved, that the Contract and Bond of said Luten Bridge Company t o build said bridge be and the same i s approved by tne Court and the Clerk is directed t o spread said Contract and Bond at length upon the record8 of t h i s Court,

March 6, 1922 p, ?

--(not direct quote) $8 t o Benton Co. Record (newspaper) for pub l i sh iq notices t o 3idders on Bridges -

)4 August 2, 1922 p. 97

- I N THE MATTER OF ACCEPTANCE OF ILLINOIS R N E R BRIDGE.

On t h i s day is presented t o the Court the report of the Commissioners' appointed by t h i s Court t o make plans and specifications fo r a bridge across I l l ino ie River near the mouth of Chambers Spring Branch,

The Court finds tha t the contract f o r eaid Bridge was l e t t o the Luten Bridge Co. of Knoxville, Tenn., tha t the same w a s t o consist of two 65 foot concrete arches, tha t the same has been constructed according t o the plans submitted by said commissioners within the time agreed upon by them, and the same should be accepted by the County and said commiseioners discharged from further duties .

It is therefore ordered by the Court that said Bridge be accepted by t h i s Court and tha t the s ~ m of 87,500.00, the contract price, be appropriated out of the Bridge fund of Benton County t o pay f o r the construction of said bridge, and that Lon Williams and J.R. Gamble as such Commissioners be discharged from further duties,

September 5, 1922 p. 149

-(not direct quote) $5000 t o Luten Bridge Company t o balance

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47. The Contractor ohell d e the lans and cetionei end P by d m i t t i n g a bid on them ohel l aipify &. a s m a of them u an- rect in all details, and a to build in acco enca with them, end to gaerentee the papwJ'Z* for m e year dtsr completion againat failure on account of any defect.-af den@ workmen&ip and ma- td&, raid goamntm to be d by the mmty company bond accompanying the contract.

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