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HIGHLY AUTOMATED DRIVING.
BARCLAYS INVESTOR CONFERENCE, LONDON.SEPTEMBER 4TH, 2015.
Dr. René Grosspietsch, Head of Driver Assistance Systems.
BMW Group Research and Technology.
Highly automated driving, Dr. René Grosspietsch, 04.09.2015.
HIGHLY AUTOMATED DRIVING WILL IMPROVE DRIVING COMFORT AND STILL ADMIT DRIVING PLEASURE.
• Is HAD consistent with BMW‘s aspiration to provide customers with sheer driving pleasure?
•Yes! Progressing urbanization and increasing car densities in cities lead to traffic congestion on an unprecedented scale. Car drivers will presumably be happy to hand the driving task over to the car and utilize the gained time differently (personal productivity/relaxation).
•HAD-enabled cars still admit „driving pleasure“ where possible (e.g., outside congested city centres), while freeing the driver from inconvenient tasks.
Source: Sueddeutsche.de
Page 2
Highly automated driving, Dr. René Grosspietsch, 04.09.2015.
FROM RESEARCH TO REALITY: THE BMW GROUP HAS LONG-TIME EXPERIENCE IN VEHICLE AUTOMATION.
Emergency stop
assistant (2009)
HAD on the vehicle‘s limit
(2014)
BMW Track Trainer
(2006)Highly automated driving
on the motorway (2011)
Fully automated remote
valet parking (2015)
Page 3
360° collision avoidance
(2015)
Page 4
NEW 7 SERIES ALREADY PROVIDES FUNCTIONS VERY CLOSE TO HIGHLYAUTOMATED DRIVING.
PedestrianProtection & Night
Vision.
Active Side Collision Protection
and Cross Traffic Alert.
Remote Controlled
Parking
Traffic Jam Assistant up to 60km/h
Highly automated driving, Dr. René Grosspietsch, 04.09.2015.
Highly automated driving, Dr. René Grosspietsch, 04.09.2015. Seite 5
HOWEVER TRUE AUTOMATED DRIVING STILL MEANS A BIG STEP BECAUSEOF RESPONSIBILITY SWITCH.
Source: SAE, VDA, LT-Analyse
Readiness
to take over /
“Eyes-off”
Full control
1
Assisted
2
Partly automated
3
Highly automated
4
Autonomous
5
Driverless
Autonomous
No driver
0
Driver Only
No System
Vertical or lateral
control / “Feet-off”
Lateral or vertical control
Attention to traffic
/ “Hands-off”
Vertical and lateral control
Man MachineSwitch of Responsibility
New 7 series
System task
Driver
taskNo tasks / “Brain-off”
Page 6
MANY TECHNOLOGIES TO BE MASTERED ON THE WAY TO HIGHLY AUTOMATED DRIVING.
BACKEND: DIGITAL SERVICES AND MAP
HAF DRIVING FUNCTION
Fusion and extraction
ENVIRONMENT MODEL
MOTION CONTROL
SENSORS
TRAJECTORY PLANNING DRIVING STRATEGY
OBJECTS AND FREE SPACE SELF-LOCALIZATION
E/E ARCHITECTURE & CONTROL UNITS
SystemSystem itself
Validation / Testing
Highly automated driving, Dr. René Grosspietsch, 04.09.2015.
BACKEND: DIGITAL SERVICES AND MAP
HAF DRIVING FUNCTION
Fusion and extraction
ENVIRONMENT MODEL
MOTION CONTROL
SENSORS
TRAJECTORY PLANNING DRIVING STRATEGY
OBJECTS AND FREE SPACE SELF-LOCALIZATION
E/E ARCHITECTURE & CONTROL UNITS
SystemSystem itself
Validation / Testing
Highly automated driving, Dr. René Grosspietsch, September 4th, 2015 Page 7
MANY TECHNOLOGIES TO BE MASTERED ON THE WAY TO HIGHLY AUTOMATED DRIVING.
EN-ROUTE
APPROVAL
VARIABLE
TRAFFIC
SIGNS
TRAFFIC
CONDITIONS
ROAD
WORKS
HIGH-
PRECISION
DIGITAL MAPS
WEATHER
CONDITIONS
Short/Mid-Range
Sensors ~ 70 m
Far Range Sensors
~ 200 m
Cooperative ITS,
3rd Party Info
> 200 m
Highly automated driving, Dr. René Grosspietsch, 04.09.2015. Page 8
BACKEND: HD MAP WITH DYNAMIC INFORMATION WILL PROVIDE LIVE ROAD PREVIEW AS ESSENTIAL DIGITAL SERVICES.
Example:
Velodyne 64-beam laser – rotates 360-degrees and takes up
to 1.3 million readings per second, making it a truly versatile
sensor on the car. Mounting it on top of the car ensures its
view isn’t obstructed.
Page 9
SENSORS: PRICE LEVEL AND PACKAGE OF CURRENT HIGH PERFORMANCE LIDAR SENSORS IS A CHALLENGE.
Highly automated driving, Dr. René Grosspietsch, 04.09.2015.
0
200
400
600HC2
2006 2015
Parts costs*
Front radar
Cameras
*actual cost degression based on purchased parts prices
Source: Quanergy, Valeo, Team Research, “Low-cost compact MEMS scanning LADAR system for roboticapplications“, Moss et al., 2012
Page 10
BUT COST EFFICIENT ALTERNATIVES ALREADY ON THE HORIZON ANDEXPECTED TO BECOME MASS MARKET COMPATIBLE AS IN THE PAST.
2021
Lidar
Solid-state
Mechanical,
Sample volume
Mass volume
Mechanical
Antenna arrayVolume
Highly automated driving, Dr. René Grosspietsch, 04.09.2015.
ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING BASED ON GRIDS
Page 11
ONBOARD SENSOR FUSION GENERATES A REAL-TIME ENVIRONMENTAL MODEL OF VEHICLE SURROUNDINGS.
Highly automated driving, Dr. René Grosspietsch, 04.09.2015.
ttc = 1,3 sec
v = 7m/sv = 0,5m/s
v = 0 km/h
v = 7,5m/s
v = 3 m/s
Driving lane 1Driving lane 2
Oppo-site lane
Page 12
PERCEPTION: FOR BOTH SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND CONTEXTUAL UNDERSTANDING MACHINE LEARNING SEEN AS AN ESSENTIAL BUILDING BLOCK.
Looks at me – will likely not crossIs indicating lane change and will likely do that in 2 sek
30
Zone
Object-based models
Occupancy maps/free space
Road models
Green light will last for the next 10sek
Highly automated driving, Dr. René Grosspietsch, 04.09.2015.
DescriptionChallenges
Technological
advancements
•Data security, particularly with respect to backend connectivity.
•Development of highly accurate, digital maps in the backend.
• Improved environmental model and cost-down of sensors.
Societal aspects
•Proactive communication of opportunities provided by HAD to facilitate societal
acceptance
•Assurance of data privacy and security to retain current customer trust levels
Industrialization
•Field operational tests with a heterogeneous fleet to gather all kinds of situational
data for a later functional validation.
•Standardization of methods for validation of usage/functional safety.
•Systematic quantification of benefits of HAD through standardized methods.
Legal
aspects
•Concerted approach to solving legal issues with respect to
accreditation (HAD systems may not satisfy country-specific accreditation laws),
regulatory law, as well as product liability.VDA Kongress, Christoph Grote, 20.03.2015 Seite 13
Questions regarding accreditation and regulatory law need to be addressed.
Europa und weitere Länder:
Lenkungsrichtlinie muss über UN
Gremien angepasst angepasst werden.
Verkehrsministerium & VDA treiben den
Prozess.
Test in EU ohne Lizenz möglich
USA:
Umfangreiche Forschungsprogramme
sind aufgesetzt. Unsichere Situation
bzgl. Einsatzzeitpunkt 2020.
Keine Notwendigkeit von Fahrtests in
US. Test in US erfordert Lizenzen, lässt
sich in Europa günstiger abbilden.
China:
Derzeit keine Einschränkung bekannt.
VDA China (BAIDU) klärt Risiken.
ZULASSUNGSRECHT
Europa und weitere Länder:
HAF widerspricht dem Wiener
Übereinkommen über den
Straßenverkehr von 1968.
Eine von Deutschland getriebene
Änderung wird derzeit ratifiziert.
Evtl. müssen die Straßenverkehrs-
ordnungen der Länder angepasst
werden.
USA:
Die Straßenverkehrsordnungen der
jeweiligen Einzelstaaten sind evtl.
anzupassen.
China:
Derzeit keine Einschränkung bekannt.
VDA China (BAIDU) klärt Risiken.
VERHALTENSRECHT
Hochautomatisiertes Fahren wird
unter dem existierenden
Produkthaftungsrecht derzeit
untersucht.
Es wird kein spezifisches
Produkthaftungsrecht für
automatisiertes Fahren erwartet.
PRODUKTHAFTUNG
Diskussionen über Änderungen des Zulassungsrechts und des Verhaltensrechts laufen
auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene. (z. B. Bundesverkehrsministerium, UN ECE).
Page 13
REMAINING CHALLENGES COMPRISE INDUSTRIALISATION AS WELL AS TECHNOLOGICAL, SOCIAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS.
Highly automated driving, Dr. René Grosspietsch, 04.09.2015.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
