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NSN-DEZYNZ
2011
HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS INTERESTING FEATURES HIGHLIGHTED
NEESAUN NAVEED BAR-FA08-039
[ T Y P E T H E C O M P A N Y A D D R E S S ]
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Table of Contents1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 3
THE SEARS TOWER ........................................................................................................................................ 4
DYNAMIC TOWER ......................................................................................................................................... 8
NAKHEEL TOWER ........................................................................................................................................ 12
CHICAGO SPIRE ........................................................................................................................................... 14
MAKKAH CLOCK ROYAL TOWER ................................................................................................................. 16
TAIPEI 101 ................................................................................................................................................... 19
WORLD TRADE CENTER ONE ....................................................................................................................... 21
LANDMARK TOWER .................................................................................................................................... 24
EUREKA TOWER .......................................................................................................................................... 28
TREASURY BUILDING ................................................................................................................................... 30
Appendix A .................................................................................................................................................. 31
Fin… ............................................................................................................................................................. 34
1 ALL THE REFERENCES HAVE BEEN MENTIONED IN THE FOOT NOTES, THEREFORE THE BIBLIOGRAPHY ONLY
CONSISTS OF THE IMAGE REFERENCES.
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INTRODUCTION The new age we live in, the 21st century, is the age which calls for efficiency for we are
running out of time and space. Everything needs to be within easy access and effortless
approach. Everything needs to be done quickly and doe using the least amount of space and
resources.
This called out for the construction of HI-RISE buildings. If defined literally, a HI-RISE
building is one which rises above all the rest, defining a SKYLINE of the city.
The earliest HI-RISES were said to have been built by the Romans, where the buildings
rose up to 10 stories at times.2 These buildings would tumble down due to the material used,
and over-occupancy. However, innovations in construction technology have now made it
possible for buildings to stand the current tallest building, BURJ KHALIFA at a staggering 162
stories or 828 meters height.3
This report highlights some of the famous buildings in the world, with an emphasis on
their special features.
Figure 1: High rise buildings
2 Wiki-pedia_ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_block
3 http://architecture.about.com/od/skyscrapers/a/Worlds-Tallest-Buildings.htm
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THE SEARS TOWER
NO. OF STORIES: 108
HEIGHT: 442 m
COMPLETED IN: 1974
ARCHITECT: SOM
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER: Fazlur Rehman Khan
Amenities:
Seven restaurants
Private members-only Metropolitan Club
Full-service banking and ATM facilities
160-space executive parking garage with car
detailing services
a fitness center
Hair salon
Newsstand
Florist
Bookstore
Copy store
Dentist
Figure 2 : Sears Tower
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Chiropractor
U.S. Post Office
FedEx
DHL
UPS drop boxes
Building messenger
For 25 years after being built, it held the title of the world’s
tallest building.
The Property is situated on a square-shaped site bounded
by South Wacker Drive to the west, Adams Street to the
north, Franklin Street to the east, and Jackson Boulevard to
the south. The site size is approximately 2.96 acres of land.
The Property consists of three lower levels and a 110-story
high-rise tower.4
TECHNOLOGY FEATURES:5
Superior Telecommunications · State-of-the-Art broadcast facilities on the rooftop, which allows for 100% of digital TV requirements for the Chicago area broadcast market · Access for multiple competitive local exchange carriers (CLECS) · Expansive telecommunications risers
Advanced Life Safety
· All steel is fireproof · Automatic sprinklers cover each of the 4.5 million gross
4 Information taken from THE BEST TRAVEL DESTINATIONS website
http://thebesttraveldestinations.com/willis-tower-sears-tower-chicago-usa/ 5 http://www.pixgrafx.com/pxdomain/itm562/others/SearsTowerInfo.pdf
Figure 3 : Location of the tower
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square feet of space · Self contained back-up emergency power supply
Security
· State-of-the-art security command center · Security system includes metal detectors, security card access, x-ray machines and offduty · Chicago Police Officers in the lobbies.
Modern Elevator Technology · 104-car elevator system divided into three zones for efficient transportation · High speed elevators with superior ride quality
Floor Flexibility · Four distinct floor plates divided into 75-foot column free squares · Floors contain under floor duct system for power and communication
Electrical Capacity/Backup · Four 150 MVA transformers which supply a 13.2 KV distribution system with redundant capability between two separate risers servicing the building · Two 2100KW diesel powered emergency generators
HVAC System · Economical after hours air conditioning costs · Digitally controlled interior variable air volume with individually controlled parameter instruments
STRUCTURE OF THE TOWER:
The tower has a tubular system of 9 tubes, that rise up to
different levels until only two tubes reach the top. The structure
was designed by Fazlur
Rehman Khan, a Pakistani
structural designer who
worked with the SOM. The
two antennas on the top are
also an important structural
feature. The east antenna is
253′ tall and the west
antenna is 283′ tall, both being 12′ diameter at base. On
top of each antenna there is a TLD (Tuned Liquid
Dampener). Its purpose is to counteract the sway of the
antenna from the wind.
Figure 4 : Site plan
Figure 5 : Floor plate designs
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HOW THE TOWER SAVES ENERGY?
Figure 6 : A detailed description of how the tower saves energy
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DYNAMIC TOWER NO. OF STORIES: 80
HEIGHT: 420 m
CONSTRUCTION COST: $700 million
ARCHITECT: David Fisher
AMENITIES:
Hotel
Residential flats
Offices
TECHNOLOGY
FEATURES:6
- The world's
first prefabricated
skyscraper.
o 90% of the tower is going to be prefab
o Estimated completion time Is 22 months
o 40 factory-built modules for each floor
o total construction time will be over 30% less than a
normal skyscraper of the same size
- The entire tower will be powered from wind turbines and solar
panels.
o They will be place between floors
o 79 in number
o Enough surplus electricity should be produced to
power five other similar sized buildings in the vicinity.
6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Tower
http://gizmodo.com/5019323/dynamic-tower-skyscraper-every-floor-self+rotates-powered-by-wind-and-sun
Figure 7 : the dynamic tower...a preview.
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o The solar panels will be located on the roof and the top of
each floor
- The core will contain enough elevators and
shafts to transport people and cars up to their
desired floors.
o Apartments will range in size from 124
square meters, to Villas of 1,200 SM
complete with a parking space inside the
apartment.
- Each floor will rotate at a rate of 6 m/min,
completing 360’ rotation from anywhere
between 3 hrs to 12 hrs.
- The shape of the building will never be the same. It will keep
changing with every minute, as each floor will rotate separately.
OTHER FACTS AND THINGS:
- The building is going to be self efficient
- Space is up for sale at $3000/sft
- Each apartment will have a view that keeps changing
- Two towers, one in Dubai and the other in Moscow
are scheduled to be built
- Construction still hasn’t started because of “global
financial crisis”7
7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Tower
Figure 8 : proposed construction of the tower
Figure 10 : Solar panel systems
Figure 9 : wind turbines between the floors
Figure 11 : the buildings shape will always be different
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Figure 12 : Released plans and details of the tower
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Figure 13 : the general zoning of the tower
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NAKHEEL TOWER8 NO. OF STORIES: 228
HEIGHT: 1400m
ARCHITECT: Woods Bagot
COMPLETION: Cancelled
AMENITIES:
- 250,000 m2 of hotels and hospitality
space
- 100,000 m2 of retail space
- huge expanses of green spaces
including canal walks, parks and landscaping
The master plan can be found on: http://www.nakheelharbour.com/#/project/project_masterplan
DESIGN OVERVIEW
- Nakheel Tower is made up of four individual cores, which was inspired by Islamic
geometric patterns that are symmetrical and balanced.
- These cores are connected at every 25 stories with sky bridges.
- It will be serviced by a complete transportation hub with efficient water and land
options, providing the most convenient connections of choice to the rest of Dubai.
- The master plan pays close attention to the nuances and needs of Dubai's climate.
o Everything from street widths to building heights will be designed to maximize
east and west flanks which offer the most shading.
o An efficient network of multi-modal transit options will reduce car dependency
while increasing accessibility and connectivity with the site and neighboring
developments.
8 http://www.nakheelharbour.com/#/home
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakheel_Tower
Figure 14 : Site location of the tower
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o Wind will be analyzed and the existing configuration conceived in order to best
channel sea breezes.
- It has 2 million m2 of tower and podium combined space
- Houses more than 950,000 m2 of commercial, retail, cultural and exhibition space.
- Each of the structures can be built taller, and provide maximum space at the top
because of;
o Incorporating gaps
between the four core
structures allowing
the design for strong
wind forces to pass
through.
o The design will also
incorporate slots in
the building to reduce
the building resistance
or sail area.
"Without Islamic influences governing its design, Nakheel Harbour & Tower would never be able to reach
more than one kilometer. This inspired approach has enabled us to achieve a number of amazing feats of
engineering, aimed towards creating Nakheel Harbour & Tower, a community like no other"
__Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem, Executive Chairman, Nakheel
- The four towers and core system will also provide residents and visitors multiple
evacuation routes and back-up services in the event of an emergency.
- The towers will be joined by four-level, full diameter sky bridges at approximately every
twenty-five floors.
o The sky bridges will act to tie the buildings together structurally
o Will provide each part of the building with its own village centre in the sky
o Will feature a wide variety of shops and exciting entertainment options
HOWEVER, IT WAS NEVER BUILT…
- The project was first put on hold due to financial problems of Nakheel group, and then
abandoned completely.
Figure 15 : A comparison of the tower
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CHICAGO SPIRE9
NO. OF STORIES: 150
HEIGHT: 609 m
ARCHITECT: Santiago Calatrava
COMPLETION: Never Built
AMENITIES:
Residential flats
DESIGN OVERVIEW
- Will be the tallest building in the
United States as and the Western
Hemisphere when built. It will have
the highest elevator run in the world.
- Inspired by natural forms, each floor of
the tower projects seven arms from the
central vertical axis - each having a concave
edge
- As the tower rises, each floor rotates
approximately 2 degrees in plan while the
length of the radial arms also diminish,
forming a tapered tower which twists 270°
from the base to the roof.
- Located at the edge of Lake Michigan,
residents and guests will have incomparable
views of the city and the lake front.
9 http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=39392
Figure 16 : The Chicago spire
Figure 17 : The abandoned foundation
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CONTROVERSY AND
CANCELLATION
- During huge financial crises due
mortgages at North-America in
2008, the construction is
decreased substancially,
culminating on-hold situation for
some time, leaving only a round
hole basement on floor site.
- In October 2010 Shelbourne
Development Ltd. was sued by
Anglo Irish Bank Corp which
gave Shelbourne the money to
develop the project. As a result
the project has gone into
foreclosure effectively cancelling
the project.
Figure 18 : Proposed views
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MAKKAH CLOCK ROYAL TOWER10
Figure 19 : A view of the clock tower
NO. OF STORIES: 76
HEIGHT: 601 m
TYPE: Hotel
ARCHITECT: Dar Al-Handasah Architects
CONTRACTORS: Saudi BinLaden Group
10
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraj_Al_Bait_Towers http://leanman.hubpages.com/hub/Makkah-Clock-Royal-Tower
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COMPLETION: Completed- to be launched in 2012
Figure 20 : While under construction it still towered over the city of Mecca
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Figure 21 : Tower details
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TAIPEI 10111 NO. OF STORIES: 101
HEIGHT: 439.2 m
TYPE: Mixed use
ARCHITECT: C.Y. Lee & partners
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER: Thornton Tomasetti
Amenities:
- Communication
- Conference
- fitness center
- library
- observation
- office
- restaurant
- retail
DESIGN OVERVIEW12
- The design achieves both strength and flexibility for the tower through the use of high
performance steel construction.
- Thirty-six columns support Taipei 101, including eight "mega-columns" packed with
10,000-psi concrete.
- Every eight floors, outrigger trusses connect the columns in the building's core to those
on the exterior.
11
http://taipei-101.info/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei_101 http://www.taipei-101.com.tw/index_en.htm 12
Lecture by Ar Faisal Arshad
Figure 22 : Taipei tower
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- These features combine with the solidity of
its foundation to make Taipei 101 one of the
most stable buildings ever constructed.
- The foundation is reinforced by 380 piles
driven 80m (262 ft) into the ground.
- Each pile is 1.5 m (5 ft) in diameter and can
bear a load of 1,000 metric tons 1,320
metric tons
- A steel pendulum that serves as a tuned
mass damper is suspended from the 92nd to
the 88th floor, the pendulum sways to
offset movements in the buildincaused by
strong gusts.
Figure 23 : fireworks lighting up the building
Figure 24 : The site location of the tower
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WORLD TRADE CENTER ONE
NO. OF STORIES: 105
HEIGHT: 417 m
TYPE: Offices
ARCHITECT: SOM
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER: WSP Cantor Seinuk
Amenities:13
- The public lobby will be topped by a series of
mechanical floors, comprising the base level of 1WTC.
- Then will be the sixty-nine office floors, including;
o two television broadcast floors
o mechanical floors
o two restaurants.
- Then there will be an observation deck and a glass-
metal parapet.
- The crown of the buildingis a communications
platform and a 408-foot, cable-stayed antenna,
designed in collaboration with artist Kenneth Snelson.
Design Overview:14
- Its structure is designed around a strong, redundant steel moment frame
o Consisting of beams and columns connected by welding and bolting.
o It’s then paired with a concrete-core shear wall which grants the moment frame
rigidity and redundancy to the overall building structure
column-free interior spans for maximum flexibility
- highly advanced state-of-the-art life-safety systems that exceed the requirements of the
New York City Building Code
13
http://www.wtc.com/about/freedom-tower 14
http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/one-wtc.html
Figure 25 : The world trade center one
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- the latest methods have been implied to
o maximize efficiency
o minimize waste and pollution
o conserve water
o improve air quality
o reduce the impacts of the development
- The elevators installed here, are also state of the art
o The express cars serving the restaurant and observatory will be capable of
traveling at up to
2,000 feet a
minute, meaning
passengers can get
to the top of the
city’s tallest
building in less than
a minute.
- Climate-controlled
corridors will connect the
tower to;
o the World Trade
Center
Transportation Hub
o the new PATH
terminal
o 11 NYC Transit
subway lines
o the Fulton Street
Transit Center
o the World Financial
Center and ferry
terminal
o underground parking
o world-class shopping and dining
Figure 26 : Plan showing the base lobby, and the location of the elevators
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Figure 27 : Site Plan
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LANDMARK TOWER NO. OF STORIES: 70
HEIGHT: 296 m
TYPE: Mixed use
ARCHITECT: Stubbins Associates
Amenities:15
- complex of restaurants
- a huge shopping mall
- offices
- medical clinics
- a hotel
- an observation deck
Design Overview:16
- The most advanced
techniques are required
to build such a tall
structure on the ground of
Japan, for it is shaken by
as many as 1,000 serious
earthquakes a year.
- To prevent damage from
earthquakes, following
measures have been taken;
o a flexible structure
to absorb the force of earthquakes
o same concept as that of Japanese temples five-storied pagodas
15
http://www.japaneselifestyle.com.au/travel/yokohama_landmark_tower.htm 16
http://web-japan.org/atlas/architecture/arc10.html
Figure 28 : Landmark Tower
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- it offers breath taking views from the observation deck.
Figure 29 : you can see as far as Hakone, the Tanzawa Mountains and sometimes, the Mount Fuji
Figure 30 : Looking towards north-east, the 3 tall buildings in the foreground are the Queen’s Tower A, B and C
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Figure 31 : To the right is the Cosmo World Amusement Park, with the Cosmo World Ferris Wheel
Figure 31 : the tower in the middle is the NTT radio relay station, 103 meters tall
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Figure 32
Figure 33 : Floor plan of the tower.
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EUREKA TOWER NO. OF STORIES: 91
HEIGHT: 298 m
TYPE: Residential
ARCHITECT: Fender Katsalidis
Amenities:
- hotel
- apartments
- restaurants
- sky deck
- shopping
Structural and design
review:17
A new and innovative 2-floor Lubeca
jumpform system was used to:
- halve work time
- halve the concrete placing
required
- halve the steel fixing required
- halve the joints required in the core
- reduce the manual labor required, due to the use of hydraulic rams
Its most beautiful feature is the sky deck 88
- perfectly positioned for 360 degree, floor-to-ceiling views encompassing Melbourne's
CBD, sports precinct, Port Phillip Bay, Docklands and everything in between
17
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka_Tower http://www.eurekaskydeck.com.au/visitor-information/skydeck-experience.html
Figure 34 : The Eureka tower
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- Sky deck 88 is the only observation deck in the world that can thrill you with 'The Edge' -
a glass cube which projects 3 meters out from the building - with you in it - suspended
almost 300 meters above the ground
- Pinpoint key landmarks with our 30 view finders placed around the Sky deck floor.
Figure 36 : A view from the sky deck
Figure 35 : Night view
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TREASURY BUILDING
NO. OF STORIES: 52
HEIGHT: 234 m
TYPE: Commercial offices
ARCHITECT: The Stubbins Associates, Architects 61,
Architects Team 3
The building was renamed to Temasek Tower
when the Ministry of Finance relocated to the
Treasury on High Street.
Figure 38 : Treasury Tower
Figure 37 : Location map of the tower
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Appendix A Complete Image References
IMAGE 1
http://www.noenigma.com/2010/09/tallest-buildings-in-world.html
IMAGE 2
http://thebesttraveldestinations.com/willis-tower-sears-tower-chicago-usa/
IMAGE 3
http://thebesttraveldestinations.com/willis-tower-sears-tower-chicago-usa/
IMAGE 4
http://www.e-architect.co.uk/chicago/sears_tower_modernization.htm
IMAGE 5
http://www.learn.columbia.edu/dbcourses/publicportfolio.cgi?view=1959#
IMAGE 6
http://www.e-architect.co.uk/chicago/sears_tower_modernization.htm
IMAGE 7
http://www.likecool.com/Dynamic_Tower_Skyscraper--Building--Home.html
IMAGE 8
http://ideasforhouses.com/2011/03/22/dubai-rotating-tower-modern-buildings-from-dynamic-architecture/
IMAGE 9
http://www.archi-ninja.com/most-innovative-green-designs-2010-and-beyond/
IMAGE 10
http://go-green.ae/greenstory_view.php?storyid=67
IMAGE 11
http://www.likecool.com/Dynamic_Tower_Skyscraper--Building--Home.html
IMAGE 12
http://radenfelix.wordpress.com/2008/11/28/dubai-dynamic-tower/
IMAGE 13
http://www.interior357.com/12.htm
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IMAGE 14
http://www.patchay.com/2008/12/nakheel-harbour-tower.html
IMAGE 15
http://www.systemshock.co.za/forums/topic/37015-1km-high-tower/
IMAGE 16
http://www.interestings.net/?p=94
IMAGE 17
http://www.tropolism.com/2009/02/chicago_spire_tower_spawns_chi.php
IMAGE 18
http://sz2design.blogspot.com/2009/04/vertical-city.html
IMAGE 19
http://www.hotels-world.com/tp.hotels.in/makkah/hotel.273548/mecca/makkah-clock-royal-tower-a-
fairmont-hotel.htm
IMAGE 20
http://leanman.hubpages.com/hub/Makkah-Clock-Royal-Tower
IMAGE 21
http://my.opera.com/vikaskhan/blog/2010/08/27/makkah-clock-royal-tower-hotel-makkah
IMAGE 22
http://www.formosatravel.net/taipei-101.html
IMAGE 23
http://www.filination.com/blog/2006/01/28/ex1-taipei-101-taiwanese-and-foreigner-views/
IMAGE 24
http://www.formosatravel.net/taipei-101.html
IMAGE 25
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_World_Trade_Center
IMAGE 26
http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/26/straight-to-the-top-at-2000-feet-a-minute/
IMAGE 27
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http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/wtc-site-plan.html
IMAGE 28
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yokohama_Landmark_Tower_in_the_evening_twilight.jpg
IMAGE 29 - 32
http://muza-chan.net/japan/index.php/blog/12-birds-eye-views-photos-of-yokohama
IMAGE 33
http://www.yokohama-landmark.jp/web/english/pdf/111004/shop_list.pdf
IMAGE 34
http://eureka89.com.au/home.html
IMAGE 35
http://www.mailintalks.com/2010/02/04/the-eureka-tower-level-88-89-bird-eye-view-of-melbourne/
IMAGE 36
http://journals.worldnomads.com/muoy/photo/21383/625869/Australia/View-from-Eureka-Tower
IMAGE 37
http://www.x-synergy.com/location.htm
IMAGE 38
http://www.skyscraperpicture.com/singapore.htm
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Fin…
