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High Performance Enclosure Details
Dr John Straube, P.Eng. Dept. of Civil Engineering / School of
Architecture University of Waterloo
Building Science Corporation
BuildingScience.com
Efficiency Vermont is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. ""Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Learning Objectives!
• Apply concepts of separating interior and exterior environments to increase
enclosure functionality
• Choose from various design approaches to create a high performance
• Identify design parameters and situations that have been successfully
addressed in examples presented
• Recommend to clients the advantages and techniques available in designing
high-performance enclosures
The Devil is in the Details
• Targets and codes have raised awareness • People “know” you need
– Lots of insulation value – No thermal bridges – No air leaks – A drainage plane leading to flashing
• But, how to this?
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Basic Functions of the Enclosure
• 1. Support – Resist and transfer physical forces from inside and
out • 2. Control
– Control mass and energy flows • 3. Finish
– Interior and exterior surfaces for people
• Distribution – a building function
Building Science
Functional Layers
Basic Enclosure Functions
• Support – Resist & transfer physical forces from inside and
out • Lateral (wind, earthquake) • Gravity (snow, dead, use) • Rheological (shrink, swell) • Impact, wear, abrasion
• Control – Control mass and energy flows
• Finish – Interior and exterior surfaces for people
Building Science
Functional Layers
Enclosures No. 6 /
Basic Enclosure Functions • Support
– Resist & transfer physical forces from inside and out • Control
– Control mass and energy flows • Rain (and soil moisture)
– Drainage plane, capillary break, etc. • Air
– Continuous air barrier • Heat
– Continuous layer of insulation • Vapor
– Balance of wetting/drying • Finish
– Interior and exterior surfaces for people
Building Science.com
Functional Layers
Enclosures No. 7 /
Other Control . . .
• Support • Control
– Fire • Penetration • Propagation
– Sound • Penetration • Reflection
– Light • Diffuse/glare • View
• Finish
Building Science.com
Functional Layers
Enclosures No. 8 /
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Basic Enclosure Functions
• Support – Resist & transfer physical forces from inside and out
• Control – Control mass and energy flows
• Finish – Interior & exterior surfaces for people
• Color, speculance • Pattern, texture
Building Science.com
Functional Layers
History of Control Functions
• Older Buildings – One layer does
everything
• Newer Building – Separate layers, . . . separate functions
Building Science.com No. 10
Changes
Building Science.com 11
The “Perfect Wall” • Finish of whatever
– May need ventilated
• Control continuity is the key – Water:
Drainage gap + drainage plane
– Air: Air barrier – Heat: Insulation – Vapor: vapor barrier
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Perfect Wall
• CMU backup
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Perfect Wall
• Steel Stud Structure
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20 Building Science.com
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Window
29 Building Science.com Building Science.com Enclosures No. 30 /
Complexity increases detailing effort / risk of failure / cost reduces performance
31/175
Enclosure Design: Details
• Details demand the same approach as the enclosure.
• Scaled drawings required at
Details needed at: • Change in plane • Change in material • Change in trade
Building Science.com
Details
• Need to trace continuity of – Structure (connections) – Water control – Air Control – Thermal control
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Commercial:Early stage planning
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Baseplate usually wider than column at the critical base plate
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Building Science 2008
37
Requirements for a Drained Enclosure
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Requirements for a Ventilated Enclosure Air-Water Control Layers
www.BuildingScience.com
Shingle lap is the best, most reliable
Beware vertical installation and wrinkles!
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Flashing must be waterproof
Building Science 2008
Joseph Lstiburek – Rain Control 41
Building Science .com
Windows
• Finding the air-water-thermal layer can be challenging
• Usually, best air and water seal is inner edge – few chances for water leaks at corners
• Alu windows have thermal line at TB – Line up with thermal control in wall
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Leaky windows
• Studs and sheathing are sensitive to leaks
Building Science Windows and Curtainwalls No. 4680
Mixed membrane + liquid
Often use membranes for transitions www.BuildingScience.com
Backdams / Slopes are Important
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- Foam all around is a good thermal detail - Be careful of airtightness
Window Location Insulation Masonry
Outie Window (but within thermal line)
Innie Window (but within thermal line)
Innie Window (inside of thermal line)
• Beware strap anchor air leakage
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• Beware air leakage at premade sill flashing
• Beware thermal bridge of metal sill pans
• Face of foam as air/water layer
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Building Science.com
Continuous interior angle provides backdam and airseal continuity
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Architectural Precast: Punched Window
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Curtainwall Integration
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Roof-Wall
• Water control – sometimes overhangs, sometimes continuous
• Air control – Sometimes roof membrane, sometimes
ceiling plane
www.BuildingScience.com Building Science 2008
Ventilated Attics
R60-75 economically available
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www.BuildingScience.com
Residential R60+ Unvented Roof
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Basement Wall-Slab
• Continuity of air-thermal barrier a challenge at slab
• Continuity at floor slab also!
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Annoying thermal bridge at footing
Can maximize continuity a floor
walls
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Title
www.BuildingScience.com Intermediate supports
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Building Science 2008 Insulation and Thermal Bridges No. 85/65
Small metal clips dramatically reduce thermal bridging
Building Science 2008 Insulation and Thermal Bridges No. 86/65
Building Science 2008 Building Science .com
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Rigid Exterior Air Barrier
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Commercial Buildings: Often exterior air barrier is only practical solution
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