High Middle High Middle Ages:Ages:

The Rise The Rise of Trade, of Trade,

Towns Towns and and

CitiesCities

• What happened to lead What happened to lead to the rise of trade, to the rise of trade, towns and cities?towns and cities?

• Crusades! (add bullet)Crusades! (add bullet)• Changes in FarmingChanges in Farming• Commercial RevolutionCommercial Revolution

Rise of Trade, Towns & Rise of Trade, Towns & CitiesCities

Changes in Changes in FarmingFarming• A warmer climate A warmer climate

meant meant more land more land to to

farmfarm• Switch to Switch to horsepowerhorsepower• Three-field Three-field system yields more system yields more

food productionfood production• More food production = More food production = Bigger Bigger

population population

Commercial Commercial RevolutionRevolution•3 Changes3 Changes::

•Development of Development of GuildsGuilds

•Expansion of Expansion of Trade/FairsTrade/Fairs

•Development of Development of Business and Business and BankingBanking

Development of Development of GuildsGuilds•GuildGuild: : organizationorganization

of individuals in the of individuals in the same same business business working to improve working to improve economiceconomic and and social social conditions of conditions of membersmembers

Development of Development of GuildsGuilds

•Pros:Pros: • Set standards for Set standards for

quality quality of workof work• Set Set wageswages• Provided Provided trainingtraining• Regulated working Regulated working

conditionsconditions• Provided Provided supportsupport for for

membersmembers• Gave back to townGave back to town

•Cons:Cons: • Set Set prices prices • No No competitioncompetition

Development of Development of GuildsGuilds• Rules of a British Merchant Guild:Rules of a British Merchant Guild:

• No one in the city shall buy anything to sell again No one in the city shall buy anything to sell again in the same city unless he is a member of the in the same city unless he is a member of the guildguild

• If anyone does so and is convicted, the goods he If anyone does so and is convicted, the goods he bought must be turned over to the kingbought must be turned over to the king

• If any guildsman falls into poverty and is not able If any guildsman falls into poverty and is not able to work, he shall receive aid from the guildto work, he shall receive aid from the guild

• No guild member ought to become a business No guild member ought to become a business partner with anyone who does not belong to the partner with anyone who does not belong to the guildguild

• When a guildsman dies, all those who belong to When a guildsman dies, all those who belong to the guild shall attend the service, and guildsmen the guild shall attend the service, and guildsmen shall carry the body to place of burialshall carry the body to place of burial

Development of GuildsDevelopment of Guilds• Apprentice System:Apprentice System:• Apprentice:Apprentice: worked for master worked for master

without pay to without pay to learn skillslearn skills• JourneymanJourneyman:: worked for worked for daily paydaily pay; ;

submitted work to master for submitted work to master for approvalapproval

• MasterMaster: : artisansartisans who owned their who owned their own shop/tools and employed own shop/tools and employed less-less-skilledskilled workers workers

Trade/FairsTrade/Fairs•Trade took Trade took

place in place in townstowns•Fairs were held Fairs were held severalseveral times times

of year and last of year and last 4-6 weeks4-6 weeks•Goods from all over the Goods from all over the

world were world were exchangedexchanged

Business and Business and BankingBanking• Needed Needed

commoncommon

medium medium

of exchangeof exchange• Development of Development of bankingbanking - -

“Banca” means “Banca” means money changers money changers tabletable

• Created Created capital:capital: wealth earned, wealth earned, savedsaved and invested and invested

Growth of Growth of Cities/TownsCities/Towns

•Resulted fromResulted from::•Serfs leaving the Serfs leaving the manormanor for for

opportunitiesopportunities•The revival of The revival of tradetrade•Strong Strong monarchiesmonarchies to protect to protect

Growth of Growth of Towns/CitiesTowns/Cities•DevelopedDeveloped::

•Beside well-traveled Beside well-traveled roadsroads, , near transfer points or near transfer points or waterwayswaterways

Growth of Growth of Cities/TownsCities/Towns•ConditionsConditions::

•CrowdedCrowded•FilthyFilthy•Violent and noisyViolent and noisy

Impact of Commercial Impact of Commercial RevolutionRevolution

•Rise of Rise of middle class middle class leads to leads to decline of decline of FeudalismFeudalism

•Revival of trade leads to Revival of trade leads to rapid spread of rapid spread of Black DeathBlack Death

•Revival of trade spawns Revival of trade spawns revival of revival of cultureculture and and learninglearning