Alyssa Lacativo & Olivia Alyssa Lacativo & Olivia FischbachFischbach

Block 2Block 2

Drug ScheduleDrug Schedule

• Heroin is classified in schedule Heroin is classified in schedule 11– High potential for abuseHigh potential for abuse– High potential for dependenceHigh potential for dependence– No approved medical useNo approved medical use

Psychological Psychological DependenceDependence

• Users feel that heroin is more Users feel that heroin is more important than any other important than any other activity in their livesactivity in their lives

• Crave it and find it extremely Crave it and find it extremely difficult to stop using or even difficult to stop using or even cut back on the amount they cut back on the amount they useuse

Physical DependencePhysical Dependence

• Dependence develops with Dependence develops with higher doses of drughigher doses of drug

• The body adapts to presence The body adapts to presence of drug causing user to need to of drug causing user to need to use more to feel affectsuse more to feel affects

• Withdrawal symptoms occur if Withdrawal symptoms occur if use is abruptly stopped use is abruptly stopped

Where it comes fromWhere it comes from

• Street Heroin can be cut with Street Heroin can be cut with strychnine or other poisons strychnine or other poisons

• Processed from morphineProcessed from morphine– Morphine comes from the Morphine comes from the

seedpod of the opium poppy seedpod of the opium poppy plantplant

Common Methods of Common Methods of taking drugtaking drug

• InjectionsInjections• SnortingSnorting• smokingsmoking

Color TestColor Test

• Marquis Test Marquis Test – Reagent turns purple in presence Reagent turns purple in presence

of heroinof heroin

Medical uses?Medical uses?

• NONO• Used to be used to help people Used to be used to help people

come off of morphine come off of morphine addictions, but not medically addictions, but not medically approvedapproved

State PenaltiesState Penalties

• PossessionPossession– >1 gram: state jail felony>1 gram: state jail felony– 1-4 grams: 3rd degree felony1-4 grams: 3rd degree felony– 4-200 grams: 2nd degree felony4-200 grams: 2nd degree felony– 200-400 grams: 1st degree felony200-400 grams: 1st degree felony– 400+ grams 10-99 years or life in jail 400+ grams 10-99 years or life in jail

w/ possible fine of $100,000w/ possible fine of $100,000

State Penalties Cont.State Penalties Cont.

• SaleSale– >1 gram: state jail felony>1 gram: state jail felony– 1-4 grams: 2nd degree felony1-4 grams: 2nd degree felony– 4-200 grams: 1st degree felony4-200 grams: 1st degree felony– 200-400 grams: 10-99 years or life in 200-400 grams: 10-99 years or life in

prison w/ possible fine of $100,000prison w/ possible fine of $100,000– 400+ grams: 15-99 years or life in prison 400+ grams: 15-99 years or life in prison

w/ possible fine of $250,000w/ possible fine of $250,000– Delivery to minor under 17 who is Delivery to minor under 17 who is

enrolled in school: 2nd degree felonyenrolled in school: 2nd degree felony– Within drug-free zone: stricter penaltiesWithin drug-free zone: stricter penalties

Federal PenaltiesFederal Penalties• 100-999 grams100-999 grams

– 1st offense: 1st offense: • no less than 5 years & no more than 40 no less than 5 years & no more than 40

yearsyears• if death or serious injury resulted, not less if death or serious injury resulted, not less

than 20 years, but up to lifethan 20 years, but up to life• Fine is no more than $2 million for an Fine is no more than $2 million for an

individual and $5 million if not individualindividual and $5 million if not individual

– 2nd offense:2nd offense:• No less than 10 years, but up to lifeNo less than 10 years, but up to life• If death or serious injury results, life If death or serious injury results, life

imprisonmentimprisonment• Fine is no more than $4 million for an Fine is no more than $4 million for an

individual and $10 million if not individualindividual and $10 million if not individual

Federal Penalties Cont.Federal Penalties Cont.

• 1 Kilogram or more1 Kilogram or more– 1st offense:1st offense:

• No less than 10 years, but no more than lifeNo less than 10 years, but no more than life• If death or serious injury resulted, no less If death or serious injury resulted, no less

than 20, but up to lifethan 20, but up to life• Fine of no more than $4 million if individual Fine of no more than $4 million if individual

and $10 million if not individualand $10 million if not individual

– 2nd offense:2nd offense:• No less than 20 years , but no more than lifeNo less than 20 years , but no more than life• If death or serious injury resulted, life If death or serious injury resulted, life

imprisonmentimprisonment• Fine of no more than $8 million if individual Fine of no more than $8 million if individual

and $20 million if not individualand $20 million if not individual

Common EffectsCommon Effects• Pain ReliefPain Relief• EuphoriaEuphoria• Drowsiness/respiratory depression and arrestDrowsiness/respiratory depression and arrest• NauseaNausea• ConfusionConfusion• Constipation Constipation • Staggering gaitStaggering gait• SedationSedation• UnconsciousnessUnconsciousness• Coma Coma • ToleranceTolerance• AddictionAddiction

Other NamesOther Names

• Black tar heroinBlack tar heroin• Brown sugarBrown sugar• DopeDope• HH• HorseHorse• JunkJunk• SkaSka• SkagSkag• SkunkSkunk• SmackSmack• White horseWhite horse

Withdrawal SymptomsWithdrawal Symptoms

• Restlessness Restlessness • Muscle and bone painMuscle and bone pain• InsomniaInsomnia• Diarrhea and vomitingDiarrhea and vomiting• Cold flashes with goose bumpsCold flashes with goose bumps• Kicking movementsKicking movements• Severe craving for drugSevere craving for drug

Treatment OptionsTreatment Options

• MethadoneMethadone– Used for 30 yearsUsed for 30 years– Synthetic opiate med that binds to same Synthetic opiate med that binds to same

receptors as heroinreceptors as heroin– Reduces desire for opioid drugs and Reduces desire for opioid drugs and

prevents withdrawal symptomsprevents withdrawal symptoms– Not intoxicating or sedating and effects do Not intoxicating or sedating and effects do

not affect daily activitiesnot affect daily activities

• BuprenorphineBuprenorphine– More recently approvedMore recently approved– Less risk for overdose, withdrawal, & Less risk for overdose, withdrawal, &

physical dependencephysical dependence

More OptionsMore Options

• NaltrexoneNaltrexone– Not widely used b/c of poor patient Not widely used b/c of poor patient

compliancecompliance– Blocks receptors, so patient cannot feel Blocks receptors, so patient cannot feel

effect of drugeffect of drug– Must detox first then used in outpatient Must detox first then used in outpatient

setting once body is opioid free for setting once body is opioid free for several daysseveral days

• NaloxoneNaloxone– Shorter acting opioid receptor blocker Shorter acting opioid receptor blocker – Used to treat cases of overdoseUsed to treat cases of overdose

Largest ProducersLargest Producers

• AfghanistanAfghanistan• PakistanPakistan• MyanmarMyanmar• ThailandThailand• LaosLaos• VietnamVietnam• MexicoMexico• ColumbiaColumbia

WebsitesWebsites• www.drugabuse.gov/infofacts/heroin.htmlwww.drugabuse.gov/infofacts/heroin.html

• www.drugfree.org/portal/drug_guide/heroinwww.drugfree.org/portal/drug_guide/heroin

• my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/heroin_addiction/my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/heroin_addiction/hic_heroin_abuse_and_addiction.aspxhic_heroin_abuse_and_addiction.aspx

• www.myaddiction.com/heroin.htmlwww.myaddiction.com/heroin.html

• Alcoholism.com/cs/heroin/f/heroin_faq05.htmAlcoholism.com/cs/heroin/f/heroin_faq05.htm

• www.justice.gov/dea/agency/penalties.htmwww.justice.gov/dea/agency/penalties.htm

• Law.jrank.org/pages/11810/Heroin.htmlLaw.jrank.org/pages/11810/Heroin.html

• www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/drugs/drugfacts/www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/drugs/drugfacts/heroin.htmlheroin.html