HEMISPHERES,HEMISPHERES,LATITUDELATITUDE

&&LONGITUDELONGITUDE

HEMISPHERESHEMISPHERES

The world is shaped like a sphere The world is shaped like a sphere (globe)(globe)

It is divided into hemispheres It is divided into hemispheres (hemi = half, sphere = ball)(hemi = half, sphere = ball)

Divided at the:Divided at the:a)a) EquatorEquator (northern and southern (northern and southern

hemisphere)hemisphere)b)b) Prime MeridianPrime Meridian (eastern and western (eastern and western

hemisphere)hemisphere)

HEMISPHERESHEMISPHERES

In which hemisphere do we live?In which hemisphere do we live? Northern and Western hemispheresNorthern and Western hemispheres

Hemispheres give us a good Hemispheres give us a good generalgeneral idea of location in the world idea of location in the world

To be more precise we use grids To be more precise we use grids

made up of made up of latitude and longitudelatitude and longitude

LATITUDELATITUDE also called “parallels”also called “parallels” lines drawn lines drawn horizontallyhorizontally (east to (east to

west) on the surface of the earthwest) on the surface of the earth remember remember “lat is flat”“lat is flat”

latitude lines begin at the Equator latitude lines begin at the Equator (0°) and are numbered towards the (0°) and are numbered towards the North and South PolesNorth and South Poles

LATITUDELATITUDE

lines are lines are always equal distancealways equal distance from each other all the way around from each other all the way around the globethe globe

1 degree of latitude to another is 1 degree of latitude to another is 111 km111 km (i.e. 40°N to 41°N is 111 (i.e. 40°N to 41°N is 111 km)km) How many km is the 49How many km is the 49thth parallel from parallel from

the equator?the equator? 49 x 111 km = 5439 km49 x 111 km = 5439 km

LATITUDELATITUDE

Latitude lines are Latitude lines are NOTNOT each the each the same distance same distance around the eartharound the earth lines become lines become

shorter as you shorter as you move away from move away from the equatorthe equator

LONGITUDELONGITUDE aalso called lso called

“meridians” (see pg “meridians” (see pg 19)19)

lines drawn vertically lines drawn vertically

(north to south) on the (north to south) on the surface of the earthsurface of the earth

all longitude lines all longitude lines meet at the polesmeet at the poles they are they are NOTNOT equal equal

distance apartdistance apart

LONGITUDELONGITUDE

numbering begins at the numbering begins at the Prime Prime MeridianMeridian (0 (0) which passes through ) which passes through Greenwich, EnglandGreenwich, England

rest of the lines are labeled rest of the lines are labeled according to their angle (east or according to their angle (east or west) from the Prime Meridian at the west) from the Prime Meridian at the North PoleNorth Pole

LATITUDE AND LONGITUDELATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

latitude and longitude lines latitude and longitude lines ARE ARE NOTNOT the same as eastings and the same as eastings and northings!!!northings!!!

Read and write latitude and Read and write latitude and longitude lines as:longitude lines as: latitude first (N or S), then longitude (E latitude first (N or S), then longitude (E

or W)or W) i.e. 45i.e. 45N 123N 123WW

LATITUDE AND LONGITUDELATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

to be more specific in pinpointing to be more specific in pinpointing locations, each degree of latitude locations, each degree of latitude and longitude is further divided into and longitude is further divided into 60 minutes60 minutes i.e. Kitchener, ON 43i.e. Kitchener, ON 4327N 8027N 8030W30W

this is the same idea as the this is the same idea as the difference between the 4 and 6 difference between the 4 and 6 figure grid referencesfigure grid references

ASSIGNMENTASSIGNMENT

Complete Geolab 15Complete Geolab 15 Picture Sources from:Picture Sources from: http://http://

www.cruising.sailingcourse.com/www.cruising.sailingcourse.com/images/latitude.gifimages/latitude.gif