HEALTHCARE SAFETY and STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Minnesota Healthcare
Core Curriculum Created by: Dede Carr, BS, LDA Slide 2 These
materials are made available by the Minnesota State Colleges and
Universities through a Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 3.0
License. Slide 3 Competency 1 1. List regulatory agencies and the
requirements they set for safety standards for healthcare
facilities, their employees, and clients. a. Identify selected
safety terminology relevant to healthcare. b. Identify the CDC and
list its safety requirement(s) as they pertain to the healthcare
environment. c. Identify OSHA and MDH, and list safety regulations
as they pertain to the healthcare environment. d. Identify JCAHO
and describe its role in regulating safety with the healthcare
environment. e. Identify the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard and
list its requirements. Slide 4 Terminology and Definitions Review
list Slide 5 AMERICAS TOP 10 MOST DANGEROUS JOBS 10. Miscellaneous
Agricultural Workers 9. Driver/Sales Workers & Truck Drivers 8.
Roofers 7. Electrical Power Line Installers/Repairs 6. Farmers
& Ranchers 5. Refuse & Recyclable Material Collectors 4.
Structural Iron & Steel Workers 3. Logging Workers 2. Aircraft
Pilots & Flight Engineers 1. Fishers & Related Workers
Slide 6 REGULATORY AGENCIES 1. CDC Center for Disease Control &
Prevention 2. OSHA Occupational Safety & Health Administration
3. MDH - Minnesota Department of Health 4. JCAHO Joint Commission
on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations Slide 7 CDC CDC as the
lookout for the health of the people of the U.S. and throughout the
world, strives to protect peoples health & safety, provide
reliable health information, and improve health through strong
partnerships. Established in 1946 to control Malaria outbreaks in
post WW2 war areas. Slide 8 CDC OPERATES TO: Study the causes and
distribution of diseases. Formulate safety guidelines to help
prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases. Identifies
Standard Precautions apply to every client in the healthcare
environment Identifies Transmission-Based Precautions 1. Airborne
2. Droplet 3. Contact Slide 9 REGULATORY IMPACT OF OSHA Permissible
Exposure Limits PEL Maximum concentration of chemicals Hazard
Communication Right to Know Requires employers to communicate
information about hazardous chemicals in the workplace. Bloodborne
Pathogens BBP Standard to prevent exposure to healthcare workers.
Personal Protective Equipment PPE Gloves, masks, eye protections,
aprons, etc. Slide 10 MDH Hazard Communication Rule: Right to Know
Informs workers when working with hazardous/ infectious materials
and provides for the availability of infection control measures if
necessary. MDH supervises the compliance of facilities to health
regulations Slide 11 JCAHO Mission Statement: To continuously
improve safety and quality of care provided to the public through
the provision of health care accreditation and related services
that support performance improvement in health care organizations.
Formed in 1951 Slide 12 JCAHO PROVIDES EVALUATION &
ACCREDITATION FOR: General, psychiatric, childrens &
rehabilitation hospitals Critical access hospitals Medical
equipment services, hospice services Nursing homes & other long
term care facilities Behavioral health care organizations Slide 13
JCAHO Role Private, non-profit organization whose purpose is to
encourage the attainment of high standards of institutional medical
care. Establishes guidelines for operation Conducts inspections
Slide 14 JCAHO PATIENT SAFETY GOALS - 2014 Improve accuracy of
patient identification. Improve effectiveness of communication.
Improve safety of using medications. Reduce the risk of health
care-associated infections. Reduce the risk of patient harm from
falls. Prevent health care associated pressure ulcers Reduce safety
risks to patients Pre-procedure verification process Encourage
patients active involvement in their own case as a patient safety
strategy. Reduce harm associated with clinical alarm systems Slide
15 OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard occupational exposure
non-intact skin exposure incident Slide 16 PREVENTING ACCIDENTS
OSHA Two main standards that effect healthcare workers 1.
Blood-borne Pathogen Standard 2. Occupational Exposure to Hazardous
Chemicals Standard Slide 17 Exposure control plan (Control methods)
Engineering controls Work practice controls PPE (personal
protective equipment) HBV vaccine Slide 18 Competency 2 2. Explain
the current requirements of standard precautions and the procedures
used at a variety of healthcare facilities to support those
standards. a. Explain the purpose of standard precautions and when
they are applied. b. List common pathogens. c. Identify PPE
(personal protective equipment) and usage. d. List compliance
measures for Blood borne Pathogens Standards. e. Identify types of
Isolation Precautions and describe why isolation is used in a
healthcare facility. f. Identify concerns and needs of clients in
isolation. Slide 19 STANDARD PRECAUTIONS Purpose: Decrease
transmission risk of disease producing microorganisms Used on all
clients/patients Used at exposure to body fluids Used at contact
with mucous membranes HIV or HBV risk Caregiver/client has
non-intact skin Slide 20 TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS CDC
recommends use of Transmission-Based Precautions with patients who
are documented or suspected to be infected with pathogens. Used for
ALL clients Slide 21 When to use Standard Precautions Used if
client or caregiver has non-intact or broken skin Used when there
is exposure or potential exposure to body fluids: Blood. Urine,
Stool, Saliva, Vaginal secretions Contact with mucous membranes HIV
risk HBV risk Remember: perspiration is not a body fluid Slide 22
INFECTION CONTROL To prevent the spread of infectious disease
Infectious disease is any disease caused by the growth of
pathogens. Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms (germs) in
the body. Microorganisms are very small, usually one-celled living
plants or animals. They are everywhere. Slide 23 TYPES OF MICROBES
Bacteria one-celled plants -Staph, whooping cough, strep, TB Fungus
large group of simple plants -Athletes foot, candida Viruses
smallest of the microbes -Common cold, herpes simplex, HIV,
Hepatitis A, B, C Slide 24 Drug Resistant Organisms MRSA
=Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus CMV =Cytomegalovirus VRE
=Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus Slide 25 Types of Transmitted
Illnesses Food Borne Illnesses Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Slide 26 STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
REQUIRED BY HEALTHCARE WORKERS Handwashing Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) Patient Care Equipment Environment Control Linen
Occupational Health & Blood-borne Pathogen s Slide 27 CHAIN OF
INFECTION Conditions for Growth Temperature 40 110 F Moisture Air
(if needed) Darkness Food source Body secretions Slide 28 Uses for
Isolation Precautions To protect the client To protect the public
and healthcare worker Slide 29 3 Types of Transmission-Based
Precautions 1.Airborne +Travels short distance through air
+Deposited on hosts conjunctiva, nasal mucosa, or mouth +Talking,
sneezing, coughing Examples: Chicken Pox, Rubeola Slide 30
2.Droplet + Droplet or dust particles containing infectious agent
+Can be widely dispersed +Talking, sneezing, whispering, coughing
Examples: Mumps, Influenza Slide 31 3. Contact +Most frequent mode
of nosocomial infections +Direct-contact +Indirect-contact
Examples: Herpes, Scabies, Wounds Slide 32 ISOLATION Uses:-Protect
client/patient -Protect healthcare worker & public
Procedures:-Restriction to a room -Procedures for disposal of
trash/linens -Special equipment Clients needs/feelings:-Evidence of
acceptance -Additional checks -Lonely, unclean, why Slide 33
DISADVANTAGES OF TRANSMISSION PRECAUTIONS 1. Patient needs private
room 2. Special equipment ? 3. Frequent visits by nurses 4. Forced
solitude/isolation Slide 34 Competency 3 Describe the methods
healthcare facilities use to achieve physical, chemical, and
biological safety. a. Explain physical hazards and list safe
practice guidelines. b. Explain chemical hazards and their labeling
requirements. c. Explain biological hazards & their safety
guidelines Slide 35 A major cause of fires: improper use of smoking
materials defects in heating system improper trash disposal misuse
of electrical equipment spontaneous combustion Slide 36 FIRES &
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS A serious threat Patients with special needs are
especially vulnerable Healthcare staff must make every effort to
prevent fires from starting Healthcare staff must be prepared to
respond if a fire breaks out. Slide 37 CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRES
Class A common combustibles i.e. wood, paper, or plastic. Class B
flammable gases & liquids. Fire often spreads unless properly
secured. Class C involve live electric equipment i.e. computers,
fax machines. Class D combustible metals i.e. magnesium &
sodium metal Class K Combustible cooking materials, i.e. oils,
grease Slide 38 RESPONSE TO A FIRE 1. Know your facilities
emergency plan 2. Location of fire alarms & how to operate them
3. How to shut off oxygen machines & other compressed gas
systems. 4. Location of fire extinguishers & how to use them.
5. How to move patients safely & quickly. RACE Rescue the
individual Activate the alarm Confine the fire Extinguish the fire
Slide 39 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS 1. Air-pressurized water used on Class
A fire only. 2. Carbon dioxide used on Class B & C fires only.
3. Dry chemical used on Class B & C fires only. PASS PULL the
pin AIM low SQUEEZE the handle SWEEP from side to side Slide 40
Chemical Hazards and Safety Guidelines Hazard Types Flammable Toxic
Corrosive Caustic Carcinogenic Mutagenic Slide 41 Oxygen Can be
hazardous flammable Slide 42 SDS ( Safety Data Sheets) Chemical
Hazard National Fire Protection Association Slide 43 HAZARD LABEL
SYSTEM Purpose To serve as an immediate warning and reminder to
employees of the more detailed information on the MSDSs, posters,
etc. Slide 44 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS MSDS Hazardous products
Product identification information Protection/precautions
Instructions for safe use Procedures for clean up Emergency first
aid procedures Slide 45 MSDS LABEL Red = Fire Blue = Health Yellow
= Reactivity White = Special Slide 46 Biological Hazards &
Safety Guidelines Bloodborne Pathogen Standard Precautions
Employees that are at risk Waste Disposal Slide 47 EQUIPMENT &
SOLUTIONS Read instructions before using Operate only with
supervisor present Report damage/malfunction Read MSDSs Use
solutions only from bottles that are labeled Do NOT mix solutions
unless instructed Slide 48 Competency 4 Describe principals and
standards of infection control. a. Explain the purpose of standard
precautions and when they are to be applied. b. List guidelines
that reduce the spread of infection. Slide 49 CHAIN OF INFECTION 1.
Infectious Agent 2. Reservoir host 3. Portal of exit 4.
Transmission 5. Entry 6. Susceptible host 7. Enter the body Slide
50 Ways microorganisms enter the body mouth nose eyes urinary tract
cuts or injury through a broken skin Contaminated material may
enter through tubes in the body indwelling urinary catheters IV
(Intravenous) tubing Tube feedings Slide 51 Conditions which
promote microbial growth Temperature (Most microorganisms grow and
thrive at temperatures between 40 0 to 110 0 F) Moisture Air (If
necessary for pathogen growth) Darkness (Direct sunlight can kill
some germs; Most pathogens grow in dark areas) Food source is
available for the pathogen to multiply Body secretions
Food/nutritional intake of the individual Body discharge in trach
or on equipment Slide 52 Practice Infection Control Handwashing
Waterless hand sanitizer Application of Standard Precautions
Aseptic Practices housekeeping handle/ dispose of soiled materials:
separate clean and dirty items. keep linen away from clothing never
place linen on the floor; If linen falls on the floor place it in a
soiled linen hamper Slide 53 Biological Waste Disposal Biological
waste disposal Use of gloves Antiseptics Disinfectants, Methods of
supplies and equipment Sterilization Methods Slide 54 Maintain
workers own good health Well balanced diet, rest, exercise, good
mental health Do not go to work if ill and teach visitors to stay
away from facility if ill Slide 55 Competency 5 5. Identify the
ways in which healthcare workers can demonstrate personal and
client safety use of Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and safety signs,
symbols and labels. a. Identify common safety issues/injuries and
guidelines for prevention. b. List the principles of body mechanics
for personal safety c. List general guidelines for maintain good
body mechanics d. Identify correct techniques when lifting,
pulling, pushing, and turning. e. Discuss safety equipment utilized
in areas of healthcare. Slide 56 PROMOTION OF SAFETY Body Mechanics
- The way in which the body moves and maintains balance 4 reasons
for using good body mechanics 1. Muscles work best when used
correctly 2. Easier for lifting, pushing, etc 3. Prevents fatigue
4. Prevents injury to self & others Slide 57 Injuries,
Preventive Measures and General Safety Common Client Injuries
Common Employee Injuries Preventive Measures Slide 58 Housekeeping
Measures for Safety Rugs Carpeting Lighting Ventilation Restraints
Etc. Slide 59 General Health of healthcare workers Infectious
diseases when to stay home Slide 60 ASEPTIC PRACTICES NO linen on
the floor Keep linen away from your clothing Separate dirty/clean
linen Disinfectants, antiseptics, sterilization Slide 61 Body
Mechanics: Personal Safety Maintain normal posture Be mindful of
body mechanics Reduce joint injuries Slide 62 8 Rules of Good Body
Mechanics 1. Base of support feet 8-10 apart 2. Bend at hips and
knees 3. Use large muscles 4. Use your weight 5. Keep load close to
you 6. Avoid twisting 7. Avoid bending for long periods of time 8.
If patient or load too heavy---assistance Slide 63 CORRECT
TECHNIQUE Lifting Pulling Pushing Turning Slide 64 ERGONOMICS T he
science of designing & arranging things in the working and
living environment for maximum health and safety. Ex:Height of
chair Computer keyboard w/wristpad Slide 65 Equipment EX stand
Ceiling Lift Hoyer Lift Transfer Belt Slide 66 Competency 6 6.
Describe proper handwashing and gloving. a. Demonstrate proper
handwashing and describe the principles of the procedure steps. b.
Demonstrate application and removal of clean gloves and describe
the principles of the procedure steps Slide 67 Hand washing most
effective way to prevent the spread of disease friction or rigorous
rubbing removes germs Hand washing required: beginning work and
when leaving work before and after any care is given to a client
before and after handling any food after using the bathroom,
combing hair, using a tissue, eating, drinking or smoking after
working with anything soiled Slide 68 Clean Gloves Principles and
Technique for Application/Removal for Clean Gloves Skin to Skin
Glove to Glove Slide 69 Competency 7 7. Explain the procedures used
to respond to client and healthcare facility emergencies (including
fire safety) and natural disasters. a. List general guidelines for
any emergency. b. Explain the general protocol/ procedure for a
FIRST RESPONSE to: Medical emergency Workplace injury Response in
natural disasters Slide 70 EMERGENCY GUIDELINES Procedures Phone
numbers Remain calm Stay in scope of training Slide 71 FIRST
RESPONSE Medical Emergency Survey environment & victim Victim
Contact EMS Obtain Assistance Proceed as facility policy dictates
ABC awareness A = Airway B = Breathing C= Circulation Do not move
victim First Response Protocol Facility Policy Know Job description
Work Place Injury Notify supervisor Slide 72 Natural Disasters
Contact supervisor Follow procedure manual (workplace) Contact Red
Cross if needed Slide 73 Competency 8 8. Using a problem solving
process applied to healthcare situations; describe the critical
principles and standards needed to ensure healthcare safety. a.
Discuss the problem solving process as applied to healthcare safety
utilizing a team approach. Slide 74 PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS 1.
Identify the problem 2. Gather information 3. Create
alternatives/solutions 4. Select & Act 5. Evaluate & Revise
Slide 75 GENERAL SAFETY GUIDELINES Moving Safely Dressing for
Safety Working Safely with Patients Protecting Yourself &
Others Reporting for Safety Slide 76 Concern in various situations
Personal safety Worker safety Client safety Slide 77 Questions?
